Radio-Caroline-Annua

-- eaturing .heTOP :DEE JAYS and new _Jersonal Fstories of _he STARS

WIN YOUR FAVOURITE L.P'S. IN OUR EXCITING CONTEST -----7-="lielP.1""«411.11.1111.111'11-LIMIM CAROLINE

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Published in Great Britain by World Distributors (Manchester) Ltd., 12-14 Lever Street, Manchester 1.

Printed in Great Britain by Fletcher Et Son Ltd, Norwich The famous Ships...the Stars ... the deejays ... the lot! It's right here for you in the first ever book on the nation's first ever commercial radio network.

RA 110 CAROLINE ANNUAL

EDITED BY PAUL DENVER CONTENTS CAROLINE CALLING NON-STOP TO STARDOM HOW HIGH THE BOOM? WHY THEY DON'T GO BACK WHAT'S IN A NAME? I LIKE STARS ON TEENAGERS THE DAY BUCKINGHAM PALACE SENT FOR DAVE CLARK ALL ABOARD THE FAMOUS SHIPS CHARM IN THE CHARTS A BEATLE SALUTES A PACE- MAKER THE DISC SPINNERS CAROLINE CLUB MAILBAG FREDDIE'S FATEFUL DAY I'D RATHER BE UP THERE SWINGING COMPETITION BILLY'S FURY TOOK HIM TO THE TOP EIGHT BIG COLOUR PICTURES THE HOLLIES THE JAZZ SCENE NOBODY WANTED THE BEATLES WHEN THE SCREAMING HAD TO STOP! THE GREAT R Et B RUMPUS TWENTY PAGES OF PICTURES Exactly six months after going on Just why has Radio Caroline This book takes you behind the air with its No. 1 broadcast, become a "must" listening-post the scenes of the two famous Radio Caroline's first how-they- for millions? One major answer broadcasting ships. So step right listen survey came up with the is the friendly informality - and in and see how it all ticks, meet news that the two ships were brevity -of Radio Caroline's bril- the men who run the whole winning the battle of the sound liant deejays. show, sit in on a broadcasting waves at the speed of an Olympic A 20-year-old girl put it to me session -and, for good measure, champion. this way: "The announcers on there are many, many pages of Michael Parkin, Caroline's gen- Radio Caroline don't mouth glib pictures and originally-styled eral manager, was able to say show-business clichés, they articles on the Kingdoms of Pop - flatly: "We have a larger audi- don't talk down to us and they dom, Beatdom and Jazzdom! ence than the BBC in our areas. don't let too many words get in It's been fun putting this book Not just on their Light Programme the way of the discs they spin. , together. We hope it'll be even - but all of their programmes." Above all, we like the unassum- better fun reading it. In that short time Radio Carol- ing and intelligent way they go to ine had already netted a regular work .. . we feel that each an- weekly audience in excess of 12+ nouncer is one of us." million people - 6+ million in the I don't think Radio Caroline north and 6 million in the south. could ask for a better definition eatt-ary And that was only the start.... of what it's trying to do.

it t _ The good ship CAROLINE fully equipped and about to set sail for that famous point off the Isle of Man. NON-sTOP TO flee . % I.e. • •••••_ • •e•••• e. .• se) s• • • • • * • • • - • • • • •s • • •• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • e • • eee • • • • • • • • • e •: • • • • • • • • •••• : • • •••••‘._e • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••• • ID. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • ee • •605655e • • • • • • • • lee e•••••es •••••Ie • • •

GARY LAINE SPOTLIGHTS THE SUPERSONIC RISE OF RADIO'S SWINGIN' SHIPS

Radio Caroline went into action embarked on regular broadcast- Then, six weeks from the start, with one overall aim - to give ing. Radio Atlanta sailed in, dropping round-the-clock musical enter- Not only were the national anchor some 14 miles from Carol- tainment. Instantly, it met a Press fascinated. So were the ine. Between them, the two ships staggering untapped demand for experts of the Gallup Poll. They aimed at and reached the second non-stop music - and itself reported that in its first three largest English-speaking audi- soared non-stop to broadcasting weeks Radio Caroline had won ence on earth. stardom. the allegiance of almost 7 million On 3 July, 1964, both ships See how it all happened.... listeners - a figure which did not merged under the Radio Caroline The first Radio Caroline motor even take in those under the age call-sign. Actually, Ronan O'Ra- ship took up position off Harwich of 17. hilly, who ran Radio Caroline, on Good Friday, 1964. That same But this was only the begin- and Allan Crawford, the boss of night it began test broadcasting. ning. For Caroline was beaming Radio Atlanta, had been having The impact was immediate. By to an area containing more than merger talks ever since Caroline next morning news of Radio 19 million people - so polls were first went on the air, and the ships Caroline's unsuspected existence outdated almost as soon as they had been closely linked from the had hit the newspaper headlines. were written. Nothing like it had start. Both were fitted out at By Easter Sunday the ship had ever happened before. Greenore in Southern Ireland.

Ronan O'Rahilly, joint chief of the whole Radio Caroline network. Son of an Irish father and an American mother, Ronan has been in England five years, founded London's famed R AND B spot, the Scene Club. And here's the my CAROLINE, ultra-heavy anchor down and everything ready for your all-day music broadcast. When Atlanta began broad- Now let's take a closer look at This means there's an endless casting it was only a matter of the policy which has shot Radio flow of music free from wordy time before both parties started Caroline to the summit of success. distractions. On top of that, to work hand-in-hand. Finally The bedrock principle is sim- there's never more than six came the decision to team up, plicity itself - to put out top minutes of advertising commer- and the good ship Caroline musical entertainment with a cials in any sixty minutes of air sailed up the Irish Sea to anchor minimum of announcement. It time. Which, as everybody knows, in international waters 3 miles was this basic fact that the girl is nearly all the time .. . off picturesque Ramsey in the who spoke to the editor in- If you aren't already a dyed- Isle of Man. stantly, and rightly, appreciated. in -the -wool Carolinian what Incidentally, it went right on Radio Caroline's deejays pack kind of music can you expect to broadcasting on the 199 metres a verbal punch - but, even more hear? One thing is for sure - wave-length all the way north ! to the point, they pack as much somewhere along the line you'll At the same time the good ship music into each of the day's get your kind of music. That goes Atlanta continued in business transmission hours as is hu- for everyone. from its existing position, trans- manly possible to do - by Jazz, folk music and other mitting to the Greater London cutting the dialogue to a mini- specialized varieties are beamed zone and South-East England in mum. frequently every week as well general - but now under the A famed jazz musician once as Top Fifty chart-makers. "Un- Radio Caroline call-sign. held that the key to success was knowns" are given a broadcast- Ronan O'Rahilly and Allan "few notes but good notes". For ing break as often as possible Crawford put out a joint an- Radio Caroline disc jockeys it's because Radio Caroline deejays nouncement in which they de- few words but good words. make a point of spinning discs clared: "The decision to merge Above all, few! was taken in view of the enoi - mous interest from the public and advertisers in other parts of England outside the original broadcasting areas. This network will now cover the most populous areas of Great Britain." When the first Caroline ship went into action its signal was heard in London and the South- East - as the organizers had hoped. Nobody thought the signal would go much further - but, in fact, it got through to many other parts of the country. Even listeners in areas as far-flung as Glasgow and Bristol were able to tune in to the programmes. Fans who, try as they might, just couldn't get in on the Caro- line wave-length started writing to the station asking if something could be done to expand the service. That's really how Radio Caroline and Radio Atlanta got together. Now Radio Caroline North reaches not only the North but also the Midlands and most of Ireland, Wales and Scotland. And Radio Caroline South even gets through to Holland, France, Den- mark, Sweden, Norway, Belgium and Finland. Just for the record (no pun intended) the Late Late Show, which goes out until 3 o'clock in Carl Conway was an actor in films, the morning, was actually heard radio and television before he became by sun-tanned Britons lounging one of Radio Caroline's deejays. in their holiday hotels on Spain's Costa Brava coast. from small, up-and-coming re- countries followed not long frequently asked questions were cording outfits. afterwards. In America some put out in capsule form. Tin Pan Alley itself benefits States can receive as many as Then Radio Caroline became from Caroline. Not only through sixty different radio shows. nation-wide and now the letters the airing of its music but also When Radio Caroline started, were more like an avalanche - because of the arrangements the ship not only attracted legions not only from the South but made to pay fees to the Society of listeners -its programmes also from the densely populated which looks after the interests attracted shoals of letters. Every- North. So the club expanded its of composers and publishers of body wanted to know how the activities to cover the entire music ship operated, what the disc scene. But, above all else, Radio Caro- jockeys looked like - and, of The way things are progressing line benefits literally millions of course, in poured the requests the Caroline Club is all set to listeners who want to hear the for favourite records to be played become the biggest organization tops in pop music, the tops in over the air. of its kind in the world. specialized music in an all -day Within a few months Radio Arid you made it. Just like you service from the friendliest radio Caroline was getting more than made Radio Caroline itself .. . station in the world. 2,000 letters every day. The office We don't claim that Radio staff at Caroline House in the Caroline was the first commer- heart of London's West End were cial radio station operating at almost at their wits' end trying to sea in Europe. As a matter of cope with the mail. In fact, they fact, it's the third. Before her just couldn't cope with the flood- there were only Radio Sud off tide of letters. So the Radio Sweden and Radio Veronica off Caroline Club was launched. It Holland. was ahit right from the start. The first commercial radio sta- On.11 July, 1964, aprogramme , tion of any kind got under way was launched to play records in the U.S.A. nearly half acentury to and from club members and ago. Australia and then other to announce all kinds of items Commonwealth and continental of interest. Answers to the most

Inside RADIO CAROLINE — and its all set for another spin of yet another disc. The smile goes with the voice as a deejay gets ready to go man go!

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Down among Caroline's "works" an expert electrician checks up on the powerful generators. • - >ere— , Itt1 HOW.AN,,,EsTERTHEDOOM7 GOES DOWN IN THE CAVERN AND COMES UP WITH THE LOW DOWN

It was on a hot night in high to resist German bombing raids Blue Jeans, Cilla Black - each summer that I turned left on on the dockland city during and every one got their foretaste Liverpool's North John Street World War II. of national fame in The Cavern. and went down the eighteen Originally operated by Alan Since then The Scene has be- worn stone steps into the dim Sytner, the place opened back come a nationally tumultuous subterranean world of The Cav- in 1957 on the night of Wednes- battleground of contenders for ern - the three dungeon-like day, 16 January, as a jazz spot the sweet smell of success. There passageways where the Big - with the Merseysippi Jazz has never been anything like it Beat boom began. Band topping the bill. in the long and chequered history On the pitted walls and massive And such a night it was. Fully of pop music. archways are carved the names 1,000 fans crammed the cele- How high is the boom? Can of beat barons who made it and brated Cave - with hundreds it last ? some who didn't. The only hard having to be turned away. From It seemed to me that Ray white glare in the place is the then on pretty well every major McFall, the first man to give so spotlight which hits whatever jazz group in the land played many beat groups their first group is swinging the rhythm there. But when the rival Mardi chance, ought to be equipped and blues up on the microscopic Gras club opened, a decline in to give an answer. two-level stage at the distant audiences set in - and in the late To talk it out we went back up end of the central passageway. summer of 1959 Ray McFall, an the steeply narrow steps and into Almost at the foot of the stage astute jazz enthusiast trained in a cosy but functionally furnished sit the ultra-dedicated who come accountancy who had been work- office on street level. not to twist and shake but to lap ing in The Cavern as part-time Ray, who looks a decade up the Big Beat from the ring- cashier, took the whole place younger than his 39 years, side seats, as it were. over. thought for some moments be- On some specially big night It was Ray who, taking note fore delivering his appraisal in the fans may scream and stamp, of a rising interest in local beat the carefully considered, unemo- but on the night Iwas on hand outfits, started putting them on, tional voice he invariably uses. everybody was digging the din at first as subsidiary attractions "I'm a jazz enthusiast, as you without so much as a single to the constant procession of know," he began. "That's how squeal. jazzmen. I got started here. But I'm in The Cavern rakes in enough He had seen the writing on business, too, and in this con- money for its owners to give it the wall of the musical scene - nection I've got to come right any kind of fancy face-lift, but but for many months he was out and say that Isee nothing to do this would destroy the very playing it cool. So cool, in fact, wrong in meeting a clear and character of the place. It's plain that even as late as February, insistent public demand." commonsense and good busi- 1962, both The Beatles and A thin smile lived briefly on ness to keep this humid and Gerry and the Pacemakers were his serious features. "You know, strangely hypnotic underground having to take second and third the jazz modernists complain world exactly as it was on the billing below The Saints Jazz about not having enough oppor- never -to -be -forgotten night Band. tunities to play their particular when it first opened. But the final shattering erup- brand of jazz. Well, I'm telling Visitors roll up from all parts tion of beat fever was not long you that we at The Cavern pro- of the world, for this is the old in coming - and when it came vided all the opportunities, alto- home ground of The Beatles. it swamped everything. Tradi- gether apart from the traditional Several young Americans were tional jazz, as originally created jazz set-up. Week after week we going down the steps just ahead in old New Orleans, was no provided them - and there were of me. longer king of The Cavern .. never enough fans to make the The warehouse cellars which soon it was not even a minor sessions pay without being sub- became The Cavern used to store monarch. sidized by trad. wines and spirits and the sup- The Beatles, The Pacemakers, "Then Isaw the emergence of porting arches were reinforced The Merseybeats, The Swinging the Big Beat in its embryo stage.

At first it was scattered round the He fell silent for afew seconds, tain is that, contrary to what city and its outer fringes -totally looked up and went on in his some people seem to think, we unknown groups playing in little- level voice: "You're interested in have not drained Merseyside of known halls, anywhere they could how Iregard the future. All right, talent. On all sides there are eager get a booking. So Idecided to I'll tell you. Ithink there will be youngsters coming up. Of course, bring them into The Cavern. changes - in fact, the original some won't get to the top - after "Well, you know what hap- old-style beat is already giving all, it's just not possible for every pened -it's history. But the thing way to a sort of anglicized single group to hit the global is that we're often accused nowa- rhythm and blues. jackpot - but what I'm saying days of going commercial just "There'll be other modifica- with complete conviction is that because we're the international tions, new ideas or a mixture of we have no drying up of talent. Beat HQ. That word 'commercial' old and new ideas, perhaps a The contrary, in fact. has become the dirtiest word in different approach and some new "Looking at The Scene inter- jazz .. . yet all it means is that a instrumentation. In the world of nationally, there'll be some lot of people demand a certain pop music changes have always changes made, as the old jazz kind of music at a certain time taken place - sometimes slowly standard puts it - but I firmly and are willing to pay good over the years, sometimes faster. believe that the Great Boom will go on, not necessarily in its on- money to hear it." "One thing Ido know for cer- aged to stay around, which is THE BEATLES have always been in more than you might say for good heart ... right from their some. But, then, it was Bill Haley early days at The Cavern when they were a down-the-bill attraction! and his Comets who triggered the whole thing - though when he revisited these shores last year a whole lot of newcomers to the beat probably hadn't even heard of him, incredible as that might seem. Incredible? Well, not really - for nothing changes so fast as the kingdom of popdom, and late in 1965 the pop world of 1957 looks kind of distant. Yet at that time Bill Haley was the undis- puted Regent of Rock 'n Roll - the fans of that period hadn't got around to calling it the beat, though the word had been used by jazzmen over the previous thirty years to describe the basic pulse of their kind of music. Iran into Bill on his first trip over here. He was playing one- night stands to packed crowds who jumped, screamed and swooned at the spectacle of The Comets belting out Rock Around the Clock while lying on the stage or in any other zany position. Negro "race music", as it used to be known by U.S.A. recording studios, formed the basis of The Comets' style, though Bill and the boys had bent it to their special purpose. "As a matter of simple history, we were originally playing straight d4nce music and not getting anywhere with it," he remembered. "In fact, one way and another things were kind of tough and we weren't eating too well or too -- - often." giflai form - in fact, as I've said beat itself - maybe over-simpli- He touched the famous 'kiss that form has already begun to fied and assuredly over-amplified, curl' and went on: "Then we change and by the time these as jazzmen insist - has neverthe- got a string of dates playing at words are in print the change less been like a dynamic shot-in- college dances in various parts may well have become more the-arm to pop music in general. of the States and at the same marked. But, one way and ano Even more pointedly, the beat time Igot this idea of delivering ther, it is here - and it's here to stems from indigenous American a kind of socked-out rhythmic stay." rhythm and blues which in turn pop music with this big rhythm He extended his slightly with- derives from the bedrock blues and blues influence pushing the drawn smile into a laugh. "It of out-and-out jazz. beat like crazy. Well, right away makes no difference - whatever Changes will come, never it went over like it was an atom comes next you can be sure of doubt it - but you can bet bomb. The kids really flipped and one thing :we'll be providing it your entire record collection on we were in." at The Cavern !" that old swinging beat being Rock Around the Clock - the I think Ray McFall's overa I around for a long time. Maybe Haley hit which sold no less than assessment on the beat is righ:, in a new way, maybe in several 11 million records - was featured and for asolidly swinging reason. new ways. But around. as the theme music of a movie, This is, quite simply, that the Why, even Bill Haley has man- and before Bill could bawl "beat", All the boys and girls from the Big Beat's most famed city. Try your eye at sorting 'em out on this wide-angle shot of the All-Mersey show on TV's Thank Your Lucky Stars.

he and his sidemen were touring headed by the engagingly like- not only America and Britain but able Beatles, have sold what is almost all parts of the world. basically an American music back As a matter of fact, they to the Americans. haven't stopped touring -though With a difference, to be sure - when they re-appeared in England for the boys from Britain have seven years after their first frantic given the beat their own special ovation they were no longer top savour and slant, making it some- of the bill. Now they had to play thing peculiarly their own. second fiddle - or guitar - to It's true that in the cockeyed British beat groups which had kingdom of popdom anything soared famewards in the mean- can happen and usually does. time. Which is just a way of saying, Bill was full of praise, though, with Ray McFall, that changes for the British boys who, since are sure to come along. he first put the boom into beat, But, no less surely, the in- have not only conquered Britain fluence of the Big Beat is but also America. Indeed, not likely to be felt-and heard- the least startling thing about the when a lot of today's teenage beat is that British groups, spear- fans are no longer teenagers.

wHy DON DARROW TAKES A HARD LOOK AT A HARD PROBLEM

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You start - maybe in vaguely you've got the germ of a new Now you're in the big money untidy casuals, the way The idea, the beginning of a new or league. Your manager buys you Beatles did - with an electrified different style. Better still, a style first-class tickets on the inter- guitar, a small batch of original and a sound which belongs only national air routes of the world. numbers and a tall pile of hope. to you. No longer are you in the market Let's say there are four of you So you work at it and in the for a Saturday night stint at - guitar and vocals, guitar and end the sound your group makes sixty-five bob per man and tra- harmonica, bass guitar and vo- isn't a carbon copy of any other velling there by bus. cals, plus a drummer. Perhaps sound any more. It's instantly BOAC or Pan Am fly you to not unnaturally, even inevitably, recognizable. It's an identity. It New York, Los Angeles, San you begin by copying some belongs to you in a special and Francisco . .. the high scream famous combo you admire - highly personal way. of the jets is in your ears, the after all, you have to get started Right? Right - you're on the plushy pile of the world's top somewhere and plenty of stars way in. Or, rather, up. hotels yields softly under your went thataway at the onset of Like The Beatles and The expensively shod feet. Civic their careers. Stones before you, everything is authorities have to call the cops All right, you get bookings in now happening fast. Like The out to hold the crowds at bay. small halls and smaller clubs. At Beatles, it takes you ten months The celebrated ones of the world, first you're not doing anything a to zoom to the top -those sunny even some with the bluest of score of other unknown groups uplands of the Hit Parade where true blue blood, shake you by have not been doing and perhaps the discs sell in their millions the hand. better. and the fans scream in their But back home where you But between the four of you, thousands. started are the original fans, the THE DAY BUCKINGHAM PALACE SENT FOR DAVE CLARK

If Dave Clark hadn't been born the most veteran supporter. Even know it at the time, was to in Tottenham and if the Spurs more to the point, Dave was a change the course of his life. He weren't the top topic in the famed member of the Youth Club's own decided to form a skiffle group London district, Buckingham football team, playing at left back. and run dances to raise the need- Palace wouldn't have sent a Then, in the autumn of the ed funds. He bought a beat-up letter to . . . year we're talking about, the old kit of drums for a tenner and Wait, wait, wait a minute. team suddenly got a chance to formed a quintet. We're getting ahead too fast. play a Dutch Youth Club XI - in To say the venture was a suc- Starting at the beginning, Holland. cess is an understatement. Four which is usually a good idea, Everybody was excited by the dances later the empty cashbox this offbeat look at the down- prospect - until attention was was full to the brim with folding beat tycoon from Tottenham focused on the little matter of money and loose coins totalling gets under way on a day back money. Or, not to beat about the exactly £100. in 1960. bush, the absence of it. There So the team went to Holland Dave was then 17 and a mem- just wasn't enough to pay the - and, before we tiptoe on to the ber of the South Grove Youth team's fares. next sequence, they notched a Club. Naturally, he was as fevered Then Dave got the idea which, decisive 3-0 victory. a fan of Tottenham Hotspur as though he didn't and couldn't Well, the success of the skiffle group so impressed Dave and his protest had what is known as the But even all this wasn't enough aides that they had cards printed desired result, but the conscienti- for Dave. Next he went into the announcing that they were ready ous historian is concerned with recording business, putting capi- and willing to play at dances, facts -and the hard facts are that tal into making his own discs for parties, even weddings. the Dave Clark Five were moved leasing to a major label, which is Offers flowed in ... one in par- to Basildon. a very different thing from the ticular. Inside a week a letter There was a sequel, though. normal routine of signing a con- arrived from Buckingham Palace When the Essex fans heard that tract with a recording company desiring to know whether Dave the group might be going back and making discs direct for it. and his group would appear at to Tottenham, hundreds of girls Dave's debut disc had what the annual staff ball. staged a sit-down strike in Basil- could be a pretty appropriate "I thought it was a joke," says don's Locarno Ballroom. title - / Knew It All the Time. Dave. "I just laughed it off." In the meantime, the Five were Michael Stritcher penned this Only it wasn ta joke -as Dave making other kinds of progress. one and it came out under the discovered when the measured They were asked to play a night Pye banner. True, it wasn't a hit tread of dignified feet was heard club sequence in the film, Rag - though, at that, it won critical outside the Clark home. On open- Doll, and later were easily spotted acclaim. Incidentally, Michael ing the door Dave found himself by cinemagoers in Pit of Dark- Stritcher is now Mitch Murray, gazing at the grave features of a ness. with a string of song-writing gentleman who introduced him- By this time it was clear to successes behind him. self as a Palace footman. Dave that show business was Two more numbers came out - He had called in person to book to be his career. He's a cautious then came Do You Love Me? the Dave Clark bunch for that character, though - which is Dave took the recording to Rex Palace date. why he decided to take it slow Oldfield, marketing manager of So the boys rolled up armed and steady. the giant EMI recording group. with drums, sax, guitar and atea- His other decision was that Rex listened and liked and leased chest bass. They didn't go to the the group would now work every the master record from Dave. It trouble of hauling a piano along; night in the week - but with the rocketed right into the Top they used the one already there. finest possible equipment. No Twenty, thus becoming the first So the Dave Clark Five did never-never payments for the hit from the do-it-yourself disc- their first commercial session for 5 ft. 11+ in., 12 st. 2 lb. Totten- makers. the staff of Her Majesty's Palace. hamian. It was cash on the drum, But what really made the Clark Meanwhile, Dave was working as you might say, for the ampli- crew glad all over was Glad All by day as a draughtsman. Now, fiers and speakers and the electric Over, which sold 181,000 copies on four nights a week, he began organ. Three thousand pounds of in a single day and one way and putting himself and the boys cash. another netted upwards of £4,000 through rehearsal paces. On the Then, by midsummer of 1962, for the famous Five. remaining two nights the group he finally took the big leap - he It is virtually unique for a pop played for dances at the Grove gave up his day-time job as a group to go to the trouble and Hall. draughtsman. Apart from music, expense of making their own re- These events were to become he had decided on his ultimate cords. Each session costs Dave aflashpoint for future expansion. ambition - film stardom. around £100 - but the advan- For the dances were jammed with For Dave this didn't mean sit- tages are real and rewarding. youthful enthusiasts - and their ting back and waiting to be First off, it means that Dave is biggest enthusiasm was for the discovered. Acting has to be his own recording manager - he solid swinging beat generated learned, like anything else. Dave decides what the group will by Dave and his chums. holds strongly - and rightly - record and the way in which It wasn't long before the local the conviction that every job you they'll record it. Secondly, if the Mecca Royal Ballroom (apt do must be done to the utmost disc really gets off the ground name!) signed the Five as a of your talent and your potential. and way up the charts the finan- second-string attraction. That's why he became an cial rake-off is much bigger. This was the contract which extra in the film studios - and Of course, if you do it this way first put the group in the head- astunt car driver. He figured that you also take the risk of spending lines -for when Mecca's moguls this way he was able to watch £100 on a record which never decided to switch the boys to at close quarters the technicalities even gets started. But, then, you Basildon in Essex literally hun- of filming, toobserve the approach can't have it both ways. .. . dreds of Tottenham girls marched to their work of actors and direc- And for Dave the results have in a protest rally from the town tors, to learn everything he could been agreeable all right. So much hall to the ballroom - flying possibly learn. In short, to get so that when his self-made re- banners, handing out leaflets and with it -from the bottom up. cords began to move in a big presenting a petition with thou- Well, he made out all right. In way agents and managers posi- sands of signatures demanding the next eighteen months Dave tively deluged him with bids for that Dave and the Five should appeared in no less than thirty sole representation. stay on at the Royal. films - including such box-office It's a fact that no less than It might be nice to say that the hits as The Victors and The VIP's. forty-one of the major men in 411,_

ri Dave Clark opened his front door to find himself gazing at a royal footmar armed with an invitation for the famous Five to play at a staff ball — in Buckingham Palace. show-business made bold bids for his name on a contract. The man who finally got the Dave Clark signature was Harold Davison, jazz enthusiast and Lon- don representative in Europe for such stellar names as Frank Sina- tra, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitz- gerald, Judy Garland, Louis Arm- strong, Count Basie. Now impresario Davison had never handled a beat group; in fact, he hadn't personally repre- sented any British artiste for years. But he took on Dave Clark. Months before Dave actually hit the jackpot Davison had stated that he would handle him if he turned professional. Well, along came Sunday, 15 December,1963 -Dave's twenty- first birthday and thus the first day on which he could legally sign any kind of contract. He signed -with the assurance of "at least £50,000 in his first year, maybe nearer £100,000." Events moved in top gear. Now it was No. 1 billing at the London Palladium, ace variety theatre of the world; starring twice in eight days on the 16100,000-an-hour Ed Sullivan Show over U.S.A. coast-to-coast television and re- ceiving the congratulations of Richard Rodgers, Mrs Oscar Hammerstein II, George Raft, Errol Garner and Lesley Gore; a continental tour; a round- America trip; a summer season in Blackpool's famous Winter Gardens; an Australian tour; a major film ... and more. A long way in a little time for the black-haired pop star who loves gymnastics, swimming and horse riding. And sharing his success along the way were Mike Smith, at 6ft. 2in. the tallest of the quintet; Lenny Davidson, at 5 ft. 5 in. the smallest; Rick Huxley and Denis Payton. We almost forgot one other thing. Dave - who has a brother and two sisters - has one more ambition. He means to have his own recording studios and produce other people's records as well as his own. Chances are he'll have done just that by the time this is in print, the way he's done everything else. MARTIN WILLIAMS •••,›

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• de•IIIIMIIIVq•IMP•••••• GARY LAINE takes you

It's a mighty complicated busi- of Man, her engines aren't used top importance, particularly when ness getting to and from the very often ! the weather experts are forecast- Carolines. That's why we can't Caroline in the south was pre- ing storms. Both Carolines are fitted out run private trips to one or other viously known as the Mi Amigo and was operated by the Swedish as completely self -contained of the famous radio ships. station Radio Nord until as lately broadcasting units. A tremend- Nothing would give the Radio as 1962. Smaller than her sister ous amount of time and plan- Caroline men greater pleasure ship, she is a 470 -tonner and ning went into the selection of than to show parties of listeners 140 ft. long - and though she equipment - and all of it is the over the boats, but the fact is can steam at only 8 knots she has, best obtainable. Caroline con- that the whole process is just a in fact, crossed the Atlantic four trollers are justly proud of this. bit too involved. times in asingle year, 1963 to be It was Arthur Carrington who It's like this - everyone and precise. headed the installation team on everything carried out to the ships Both ships were fitted out for the northern ship. In passing, you broadcasting at Greenore, the may like to know that he was and brought ashore from them is, port in Southern Ireland. They responsible for Britain's first aerial officially, "leaving and re-enter- were also equipped with highly and first undersea television trans- ing the country." important, and unusual, items - missions. He's worked for the You see, the twin Carolines are heavy anchors. Why? Well, these BBC and for the British Govern- actually outside the United King- super-weight anchors are to keep ment on radar. Mr A. N. Thomas, dom. They're in international the ships steady in bad weather. an ex-BBC man, was in charge waters. This means that every And rock steadiness is a "must" of the team which put in the time tender-boats go out to them -it stops the stylus from slipping southern Caroline's gear, though large chunks of paper work have across the surface of records the equipment on both ships is to be organized. during a storm at sea. pretty much the same. In fact, and not to put too fine Those tender-boats I men- This being the case, we'll just a point to it, this means passing tioned just now travel to the make a brief rundown on Radio through H.M. Customs and Ex- ships two or three times a week. Caroline in the north. There are cise, H.M. VVaterguard, H.M. After all, the crew, the disc a couple of generating sets with Immigration, even the Special jockeys and the engineers have a control panel regulating the Branch of the C.I.D. Nor is this to be fed and kept warm !The voltage with a complex switch- all . . . for also involved are tenders are also used to trans- gear. The two transmitters can British Railways, Trinity House, port personnel to and from shore each transmit 10 kilowatts -with the Board of Trade, the Ministry after their spells of duty. a combined unit this is doubled. of Transport, the Port Health Which reminds me to tell you The aerial is really unique and Authority and the local Harbour that each ship has a crew of ten rises 168 ft. above deck level. It Board. Talk about administrative seamen, plus two and sometimes was designed and made in South- headaches ! three radio engineers, and that ampton and rigged in Cowes, But Ican give you all a close- there are at least three disc Isle of Wight. up of the two vessels at work. jockeys aboard all the time. But Iexpect that you'll be more All set? Right - let's go. Perhaps you're thinking wist- interested in the way your fav- Caroline in the north is a 763- fully of what a plushy time the ourite programmes actually come ton merchant vessel which used crew must have in ships which through to you when you tune to be apassenger ship serving the don't even move? You'd be in. So let's step right inside the Danish islands. She's 188 ft. long, wrong, though. Believe me, entirely self-contained sound is in excellent shape and can do there's little spare time for the control room. a sturdy 14 knots. Of course, be- crew - and the reason is that Facing us are a battery of three ing anchored off Ramsey, Isle maintenance of the ships is of Ampex tape machines. Then you it . o

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8. -.»> 11. 11.11reler see two transcription turntables Caroline. The sound control room maybe Allan Zepherd or some- - that's the name the radio en- itself is linked to the studio -and one else. But whoever he hap- gineers give to their complicated it's here that the disc jockey sits pens to be he'll be signalling his gramophone turntables. when he puts the show through ,'cues" to the engineers through In this room sits the radio to you. an interconnecting window and engineer who controls the actual So there he is. Maybe it's the once more RADIO CAROLINE transmission of music from Radio turn of Chris or Gerry or Simon , IS ON THE AIR! QUESTION : If you One list Ipicked up at random jammed -all the 2,500 seats sold had exactly six charmers among and legions still desperately clam- looked at theTop Fifty the fifty groups and singles! ouring to get in. And nearly all charts at any time The widely accepted reason of those present were girls. As over the last few for this sad state of affairs is that far as the eye could see were girls and the air was filled with years what must have girls are the biggest buyers of records and thus just naturally feminine screams. struck you the most? go for the boys. I reckon that Before and since that time I've ANSWER: The fact must be it. been to pop shows all over The country and I've yet to hear that they were invar- Iremember going up to Man- chester to interview Cliff Richard screams for a female vocalist. iably dominated by when he first shot to fame. The Well, all Ican say is that •t's male singers. city's famous Free Trade Hall was tough on girl singers! They have NelkeiMMigniegelMMINkeM Sweet Sue ... or paging :he swingin' Susan Maughan, who says her favourite clothes are ... bikinis. she has to walk into a crowded expanding to the full limits her ducing ourselves to Susan room — though in other ways built-in talent. Maughan — who, by a neat Cilla feels more self-assured She loves dancing the Cavern coincidence, says her favourite than she was back in those Stomp, likes tall boys and sun- clothes are bikinis. not-so-distant Cavern days and bathing in bikinis — she once Susan was born twenty-three nights. said, with that elfin grin, "I'd years ago in Newcastle-upon- Coming from a home where wear nothing if they'd let me !" Tyne as Marian Susan Maughan money had to be worked h3rd Her listed dislikes are a bit un- and originally meant to be a for — her Dad is a docker — Cilla expected. They include people physical training instructress — doesn't throw hers around madly. who slop tea, necking and natter- for though she's only 5 ft. tall, Like any other girl, her biggest ing in cinemas — and false teeth, Susan won trophy after trophy spending is on clothes. of all things. in school athletics. Her biggest aim? It's finding From swinging Cilla to sweet But when the family moved to out what she is capable of and Sue, which means we're intro- Birmingham she became, just like Cilla, a shorthand typist. Five worked as a char and served in very close, very close indeed," months of this was more than a shop. It took her just eleven she'll tell you. enough for Susan. months after The Springfields Unlike many who finally crash- She obtained and passed an disbanded to reach the high ed the teeming world of show- audition as a band singer, which peaks of success. It's a safe business, Lulu has never had any is as good a training as anyone bet that she'll be around those other job apart from singing. She could wish for. happy hunting grounds for a was leaving school when some- In passing, it was while work- long time. body wanted a girl vocalist with ing in a summer show at Weston The 5 ft. 4 in. blonde-haired, a group called The Gleneagles super Mare that she became a green-eyed Dusty likes success. and Lulu landed the job. poster girl for the resort's holiday Mind you, sometimes she gets She likes to dress mod - but campaign which was urging vexed as well as worried. When doesn't like being a carbon copy everybody to "Come to Weston this happens Dusty throws crock- of anybody else. She goes for super Mare". ery around. .. . kinky deerstalkers, long pants They did .. . Cilla and Dusty have ceased and high boots. Later, Sue sang with the Ray to be teenagers - but some of Make-up? "I wear pale lip- Ellington Quartet, following in the newer aspirants for fame are stick and perhaps a little founda- the famous footsteps of Marian very young indeed. Especially tion and mascara when I'm on Ryan, finally emerging as a solo Lulu who, with her Luvvers, stage. Offstage I prefer to do star in her own right with her made her disc debut for Decca without it. After all, I'm only 16 big hit, Bobby's Girl. with a little item or opus called - and Ican't believe make-up is And even when she slipped Shout. good for my skin, at my age down the charts she has con- Lulu was born sixteen years anyway." tinued to be one of the most in ago at Lennox Castle, Lennox- Lulu, who has green eyes to demand of all girl stars. Those town, in Scotland - ancient seat go with her red hair, is the band nights, when she not only of the Earls of Lennox which had daughter of a butcher and her learned to sing anything and been converted into an emer- favourite singers are Ray Charles, everything but also to read and gency maternity hospital. Bo Diddely, Chuck Berry and write music and transpose her Says Lulu enthusiastically : Alex Harvey. Her favourite groups own arrangements, have surely "Dad is really responsible for are The Beatles, The Rolling stood Sue in the good stead. my big urge to sing. He sings Stones, The Hollies, The Takers Then there's Mary O'Brien, who standards, just for kicks. He sings and The Searchers. became Dusty Springfield - and all the time .. . and well." Oh, we nearly forgot Lulu's the owner of one of the most Lulu laughed. "They tell me I list of favourite bands - Count intriguing talents around. began singing when Iwas only Basie's, Johnny Dankworth's and Fifteen years ago when she 3, but it wasn't until Coronation Nelson Riddle's. was a 10-year-old schoolgirl she Year that Isang in public - at a That's arevealing cross-section told her class teacher that she Glasgow Coronation party." of likes which may surprise some wanted to be a blues singer. She The title of her chosen number beat fans. .. . hadn't a clue about the blues but was Daddy's Little Girl. Meanwhile, even as this is she thought it sounded good. Well, of course, this was very being written, a new trend is But as she grew up she became different from the belted-out already taking shape - the March increasingly drawn to American rhythm and blues which Lulu of the Girls back into the charts Negro folk music. Today, as a loves now. She goes for the up- in ever-growing numbers. Names shining solo star sinceThe Spring- tempo blues idiom for much the like Sandie Shaw, Lesley Gore, fields split up to go their differing same reasons as Dusty. Lorraine Gray, Christine Holmes, ways, the influence of coloured "I love it because it has soul," Barbra Streisland, Dionne War- blues singers is apparent in her says Lulu. "The rhythm and blues wick, Julie Rogers, Julie Grant, style. singers I love have more soul Millie and more. And, of course, Actually, Dusty has utilized than all the balladeers put to- there's the girl-AND-boy team some of the elements of this type gether. Their songs are sort of made up of the talented Charles of music in a pop pattern very personal things, like the singer and Inez Foxx. much her own - one which is was baring his or her own soul. Maybe the long, long reign of always stimulating and unvarying It's just that they're - how can the boys at the top has at last in quality. Iput it? - being people, being been halted. An unusual girl, too. A worrier, sincere." BILL GOVVANS a perfectionist, a girl who con- She thought for a moment and fesses that she never had any added :"I think most pop songs normal teenage life "because I are just skin deep emotionally, was interested only in singing". whereas R and B is for real." Before she got into the musical Lulu has two brothers and a business Dusty sold dustbins, sister. "We really are a family nememememem A worrier, a perfectionist — that's Mary O'Brien who turned herself into Dusty Springfield. Green-eyed Dusty sometimes gets vexed as well as worried. That's when she throws crockery around I

• Not always will you find one den, the tiny but dynamic head .and he's commercial with- show-biz star giving the enthusi- man of the Pacemakers: out being sickly pop. astic salute to another show-biz Gerry is an-explosive guy on Who said that? star. or off stage. Lots of girls class None other than John Lennon But one of the nice things him as another Joe Brown or of The Beatles when, in March about the Beat Scene is the fact a second Tommy Steele. He's of 1963, Gerry's first single was that the boys are largely free got afabulous sense of humour about to be released by Colum- from this sort of professional to go with his jet-propelled bia. antagonism. personality. He's sincere, Only a few months later Gerry Ponder the following words of happy-go-lucky, a showman more than justified John's praise high acclaim about Gerry Mars- in the best sense of the word by winning fts second successive Explosive !That's wide-smiling Gerry Marsden, pacemaking head man of the Pacemakers. The single-word description comes from none other than Beatle John Lennon. silver disc with the chart-topping I Like It. Since then Gerry and the Pace- makers have criss-crossed the country on tour, have been in on top-rating television shows, have recorded albums, shot to the No. 1 position in the continental charts, even attracted "rave" re- views in America. The boys turned professional when, five years ago, they played the first of four standout seasons in Hamburg's famous Star Club and Top Ten Club. But they were knocking around Liverpool even before that — as the Gerry Marsden Trio. The threesome became a foursome as the result of asuggestion made by The Cavern's alert Bob VVooler and the name was switched to Gerry and the Pace- makers. Then, in the summer of 1962, Brian Epstein signed them up on a contract which wasn't long in bringing solid results. It was no more than half a year later that George Martin, record producer for EMI, nipped up to Liverpool on business having to do with The Beatles. Brian Epstein suggested that he might find it worth while to nip across the Mersey and catch an eyeful and earful of Gerry in action at Birkenhead's Majestic Ballroom. Mr Martin did just that. After- wards he delivered his considered verdict, as follows: "I watched Gerry and the Pacemakers bound through three numbers, scrubbed around the usual audition routine and asked Brian to pencil in a date for Gerry's first studio session. Gerry combines exceptional stage presence with an immensely exciting vocal personality." The 23-year-old recipient of this accolade is a self-taught instrumentalist and indefatigable songwriter. He can change from beat hits such as / Like It and How Do You Do It ?to audience- silencing standards such as You'll Never Walk Alone. On drums he recruited his 24- year-old brother Freddy — they Gerry when not pacemaking ... the were together in various Mersey- head man r,fthe Pacemakers side rock and skiffle combos relaxes after aseaside session. before the Pacemakers started making the pace in 1959. Les Maguire (23) came in on piano and vocals, Les Chadwick (21) handling bass guitar - also joining forces with Gerry in writing more than two dozen originals, several of which have been recorded as "B" sides to Pacemaker singles. I began this peep at the Pacemakers with John Lennon's tribute to Gerry. Well, the celebrated Beatle has done other friendly things. When John and Paul wrote Hello, Little Girl they didn't at all mind it being used as the first recording choice of The Fourmost - though previously the number had been regularly used by The Beatles themselves down in the deeps of The Cavern. It was always a winner with Cavernites - and it was no less so for The Fourmost. In fact, it was riding in the charts almost before you could say "Hello !" This group was at first known as The Four Jays - but not for long. In fact, for less than aweek! What happened was that the boys discovered that Liverpool had no shortage of groups called Jays. So this one instantly and unanimously became The Four- most. When it comes to zany humour The Fourmost might well be said to be the four most! After Tony Barrow, the public relations man with Brian Epstein's Nems Enter- prises, met them for the first time he declared: "They are utterly mad. . . . Their gales of no- apparent-reason laughter all but swept the typewriter off my desk, a battery of goon-type gags thwarted every attempt I made to question them about their professional career." However, Tony did succeed in digging the background on the frantic four, and finally came up with this judgement: "Beneath that layer of totally infectious pottiness are to be found four of the most intelligent minds and four of the most agile brains on the British pop scene. Vocally and instrumentally they have the type of ingrained versatility which comes of long experience and diligent practice." And Dave Lovelady, who saved his pocket-money to get his first drum kit, puts it this way: "Apart from the fun we have playing to any audience, however small, we all find that having zany senses of humour makes life worth- while." He added, thoughtfully: "You have to be very firm friends to live, eat, work and pass twenty- four hours a day together." A Liverpool group — but with a difference — showed up in the persons of Johnny Sandon and the Remo Four. For although hailing from Beat City theirs isn't a Mersey sound or even, strictly speaking, a British sound. They established a sort of blending of rhythm and blues with Country and Western styles, plus a distinctive method of in- terpretation all their own. Originally the group was known simply as the Remo Four. That was as far back as 1958. The singer who was with them around that time left and in came Johnny Sandon. Until then he had been vocalizing with The Searchers, after having worked first as a bricklayer's labourer and then as astockroom assistant for a steel company. At 16 he began taking an interest in acting, still says acting is his secret ambition. His overwhelming ambition is a simple one — to do well in everything he attempts. But Ithink this goes for The Beatles, Gerry and the Pace- makers and pretty well everybody on the Beat Scene. BENNY MARTON ON THE RIGHT

OnLINES the right lines even if they're on the wrong tracks ... yes, it's the irrepressible Gerry and the Pacemakers.

THE MEN BEHIND THE VOICES ON RADIO CAROLINE

You'd like to know what kind of line are hives of activity pretty men are behind the voices that well right round the clock. That's come to you every day over the why the normal period of duty Radio Caroline network ? Maybe is two weeks "on", followed by you get to wondering just what one week "off". Chris Moore, Simon Dee, Gerry They need it! Duncan and Mike Alan are doing Chris, our energetic programme when they're not actually spin- director, is the key man - he de- ning the discs. cides what sort of records will Let's take a look around one of be played over Radio Caroline, the ships and find out for our- as well as the format of feature selves. We'll start with Chris him- programmes like the Caroline self because he's the chief disc Club Hour. jockey in charge of programme Born in Washington, D.C., planning. The fact that just at this twenty-four years ago, Chris moment he isn't announcing a first came to Europe when he show in that agreeable voice of was in knee pants - in fact, when his certainly doesn't mean he's he was only 8 years old. He went put his feet up! to school in England and at 18 • Like all the other Caroline disc began roaming the world in the jockeys, when not actually put- Merchant Navy. ting out a programme Chris is Back in England for good, he busy planning the next one and joined an advertising agency, and more than likely the one after that it was from this that he moved as well. into the musical business - with All the Caroline deejays spend happy end results for Radio many of their hours away from Caroline. the microphone putting future Simon Dee is a 29-year-old programmes into shape. So you Canadian from Ottawa. He's can see at once that, though married and has a young son, stationary, the good ships Caro- Simon junior. Like the chief 41.

*Me

Radio Caroline's disc-spinning Simon Dee. Listener Dorothy Lickfold echoes the view of legions when she writes in to say "I think 1.* he's fab l" disc jockey, Simon senior has Then there's Gerry Duncan, When he was 17 he rode the lived in England on and off since who came in as programme pro- range as a cowboy in Alberta, boyhood. In his case, since he ducer. That means he's the man later turned himself into an Arctic was 11 - apart from the five who co-ordinates the records, explorer before becoming a disc years he spent with the RAF in the men who play them, the time jockey. troubled Cyprus and the Far checks and the commercial spots Tony Jay, another of the first East. - with a keen eye on the actual of the deejays, used to be a He wasn't always in the musi- running of all Caroline pro- school-teacher. Jimmy Leighton cal game. In fact, when he was grammes. Gerry also has a nat- is a Londoner who was brought demobbed from the RAF he be- ional programme of his own. up in Canada and re-crossed the came a fashion photographer. It He has a leaning towards jazz Atlantic in 1955. Among other was a chance meeting with .. . but we guess that listeners things, he's ascriptwriter for some Ronan O'Rahilly in London's have spotted this for themselves! of the country's top comedians. Scene Club which led to Simon A 28-year-old Londoner, he Not all the announcers who joining Radio Caroline - though served with the RAF in Germany, have figured on Radio Caroline not immediately. then became assistant to film were men. When you heard a Ronan told him that he was director Lewis Gilbert with whom girl saying "This is Caroline, your starting a floating radio station he worked on such notable all-day music station" the voice and asked if Simon would be motion pictures as Light Up the belonged either to Jenny Con- interested in a job as a disc Sky and Sink the Bismark. way or Marilyn Richard. jockey. Simon said yes. More That was all in the space of one One is dark, the other fair, both than a year later Ronan phoned year, for at the end of that time are easy on the eye. Jenny is the to confirm the offer. Gerry became a cameramen for daughter of a naval officer and Ronan, by the way, is 25 and Associated Television, staying got into show-business as a joint managing director with there for four years. Then he singer when she was only 16, Allan Crawford of the Radio joined Radio Caroline. later appearing in the Dora Caroline setup. Born in Dublin Some of the early deejays on Bryan musical Gentlemen Pre- to an Irish father and an American the Caroline network included fer Blondes and in the Cliff mother, Ronan has been in Eng- Doug Kerr, a tall Canadian from Richard Show up in breezy land since 1960. He's always Stampede City, Calgary, who be- Blackpool. been closely linked with music gan his disc career with the Grey -eyed Marilyn once - in fact, he founded the Scene Canadian Broadcasting Com- worked in Monte Carlo as a Club, that famed national listen- pany. He came to England in bi-lingual secretary to none other ing gallery for rhythm and blues. 1957, working for seven years than millionaire shipbuilder Aris- Caroline's executive control is in the theatre and film worlds totle Onassis, among others. She as cosmopolitan as the rest of its before coming to Radio Caroline. returned to England four years able staff. For Allan Crawford is Listeners who were in at the ago and started a new career as an Australian. He's been promi- start of transmissions will know a photographic model - we said nent in the world of popular Carl Conway, previously well she was easy on the eye. music for many years - as man- known as an actor in films, radio "An ice-cream advertisement aging director of several success- and TV. made me," murmurs Marilyn. ful music publishing companies Unlike some disc jockeys who There'll probably be other disc and, not content with this, as come from the other side of the jockeys and announcers as Radio controller of acouple of recording Atlantic to this country, Tom Caroline progresses. But of one companies who between them Lodge was born here - and then thing you can be sure: they'll put out the Rocket, Sabre and crossed the Atlantic at the age of all be as friendly and informal as Carnival labels. 4, to live in old Virginia. those early ones .. . CAROLINE CLUB MAILBAG

YOU'RE TELLING US

Every day and by every cost come Carnival Caroline It's terrific the letters, from north, south, east and west — even from abroad. Ienclose the local papers and We have started a club in a They arrive literally in their two photographs of our recent barn. We have got some small carnival in which my son and thousands — and every one gets Radio Caroline stickers for our a detailed answer from David three of his pals built a float as cars, but we were wondering if Martin, the Caroline Club's in- Radio Caroline. They really en- you have got any big banners defatigable secretary, or from joyed the hard work which they with Radio Caroline on them to Delia Zimmerman or maybe put into it during their spare time hang up in the barn — because Eddie Jenkins. at nights and weekends. we think Caroline puts out a They won first prize. What kind of things do listeners terrific programme. In fact, we tell us ?What kind of irformation think it should be on the air all do they want about the famous E. B. R. Dicker, through the day and night. radio ships? It seemed to us Rose Green Road that readers might like to see Aldwick, Bognor Regis. Lynda Boardman a cross-section of the Club's Broadway never-ending mail. So here we Dunscroft, nr. Doncaster. go .. . CAROLINE CLUB MAILBAG Well received Simon is fab It's for life Ihave been listening to Radio They told us on Radio Caroline Please would you tell me Caroline almost daily since Easter that if we wanted to know any- whether the 5s. membership fee Sunday, 1964, and thought you thing about them to write to you, for Caroline Club is for life or might be interested to know that so Iam. I'd like to know every- yearly ? reception here is excellent, with thing about the deejays, especi- Ruth Farmer good band-width, no fading or ally Simon Dee 'cos Ithink he's 64 Darlinghurst Grove interference and very good signal fab. So is the whole programme Leigh-on-Sea, Essex. strength. All this in what is sup- because it's come just in time posed to be a "bad reception for the Easter holidays. • Answer - The 5s. membership area". Ispend most of my time sitting fee for the Caroline Club is for Hoping your venture becomes at the top of the stairs reading life. a resounding success. We cer- Beatles books and listening to tainly are overdue for some com- Radio Caroline (I have to sit at mercial radio competition in this the top of the stairs because country. that's the only place where Radio D. W. Tanner Caroline is loud enough to listen Should be easy 9 Yorkshire Court to). Wishing you luck with your While staying in Sussex for Rockhurst Drive fab station. our holiday my husband and I Eastbourne. Dorothy Lickfold enjoyed listening to Radio Caro- 42 Tilford Road line, but now we are home in Unlikely Farnham, Surrey. Cardiff we cannot get it. Iunder- A newspaper article stated: stand there is another Radio "People who listen to the 'pirate' Caroline nearer where we live. Radio Caroline are committing Please could you let us know if an offence and are liable to a that is so, and the wave-length ? fine of £10 with £50 for every Exciting Dear Caroline crew, we write subsequent offence, Mr Jeremy Mrs F. Whitlock to say how much we enjoy Thorpe, Liberal M.P. for North 8 Westmoreland Street listening to your programmes. Devon, told the Commons." Canton, Cardiff. We think they are much more Can you tell me if there is any exciting coming from a ship. truth in the statement? •Radio Caroline North operates Please can you answer all the on 199 metres and you should be R. J. Sturgeon following questions? We are able to receive this quite easily, 12 Spikes Bridge Road sorry there are so many but we unless you are sheltered by the Southall, Middlesex. are interested in ships - we plan Welsh mountains. to join the WRNS one day! •Radio Caroline's answer: As 1. How many people work on far as we are concerned this is a board? 2. How many crew are debatable point and very unlikely on the ship ?3. How many intro- to arise. duce the programmes? 4. How The best big is the ship? 5. How many Congratulations on Radio Caro- No more twiddling cabins are there? 6. Have you a line, the best station in England. Thanks to Radio Caroline, my doctor on board? 7. What kind After years of listening to loads days of knob-twiddling for music of ship is it ?8. Do you sleep on of old bilge it's a pleasure to are over. Your "all-day music sta- board or do you come back to the hear you on 199. tion" has filled a gap and people mainland at night? 9. Shall we Idislike Caroline being labelled at work have a good selection of be able to hear you in bad a pirate ship. All the old goats non-stop pop, jazz and show weather? 10. Have you a ship's should belt up and leave us to music as a background when cat, and if so what's its name? enjoy 199. they want it most. Celia Favell (15) and Harry Phipps Martin O'Dowd Glenna Favell (10) 12 Maule Close 8 St Paul's Crescent Copwood, Beeches Road Oxmoor Estate, Botley, Oxford. Crowborough, Sussex. Huntingdon. CAROLINE CLUB MAILBAG Those tee shirts Vive la Caroline! All join in As you may know, Radio Caro- Iam a French girl of 24 years Please could you let me have line has a very active fan club in and Iam a fan of Radio Caroline three more application forms for this part of the country. After that Ilisten to every day on my three more people who are seeing a photograph of a young transistor. As a radio station, I regular listeners to Radio Caro- lady wearing one of the Radio think that Radio Caroline is line—they all want to join the Caroline tee shirts we were won- matchless. Ithank you very much Caroline Club. dering if you would le: us know for playing so many good records They all say that they enjoy how we could obtain half adozen. all day long. listening to your programmes, Thanks to the voice of the an- especially the Caroline Club re- C. G. Rellis nouncers (all very sympathetic) quest shows. 8 Dreadnought I try and improve my English. Bridpo -t, Dorset. What is the thing to do to get P. Truscott, the right to ask you to play High Street, Delia explained in reply that • records? Iknow that many for- Blue-Town, the Caroline shirts with the ship 'eigners enjoy listening to your Sheerness. on them are sold by Smith and radio station. Brown (Brighton) Ltd, 20 Tra- falgar Street, Brighton 1. Monique Verrourt (or His offer "Mlle from Armentiers !") In view of the enjoyment your 9 rue Nicolas Leblanc station provides for me, Iwould That organ Armentiers (Nord), France. be happy to display an advertise- My reason for writing to you ment for you in my car. is to find out some details about the organ music which is played Club coffee bar T. W. Bell, at closing down time. I'd like to Is the Caroline Coffee Bar for 15 Somersby Avenue, have details about the artiste, members only or open to the Mablethorpe, Lincs. title, etc. public ? D. G. Smith David Palmer and Loud and clear 5 East Street, Gillingham. Jinny Hibbs My friends and I receive your Second Avenue signal off the Isle of Man loud Answer to this listener and all • Tye Common, Billericay. and clear, and we all agree that others who may have been won- you are the best station on the air. dering is that the organ music was • The Caroline Coffee Bar is We hope to have many happy played by Jimmy McGriff and is open to the public, but members hours listening to you in the called "Around Midnight". get a special reduced price. The future. Caroline Club is opèn from 6p.m. Desmond Platt, to 7 p.m. every day except Sun- Neddy Castle Villa, day when the times are 12 noon Thanks for the wonderful pro- Llanfarian, to 2 p.m. grammes you give us each day. Aberystwyth. During the early morning and very late evening Ipick up Radio Our theme song Caroline North. So far I have Please could you tell me if your only been able to pick the names "Caroline" signature-tune is sung of two of the DJ's there - Tony by The Four Seasons and where Jay and "Neddy". Who is this Ican obtain the record ? man with such a funny name ? POSTSCRIPT FROM CAROLINE M. A. Jacobs CLUB HQ - These letters give a Martin Rose 55 First Avenue good idea of the kind of things 51 Stanley Road Mortlake, S.W.14. our legion of listeners write to us West Hendon, N.W.9. about. We'd like nothing better •The recorded version of "Caro- than to print ALL your letters .. . •Caroline Club answe- was that line" is on the Decca label and is but they'd fill the whole of this Neddy is Alan Turner. sung by The Fortunes. book! Keep writing to us, though. FREDDIE'S FATEFUL

DAY e3 Freddie "Floats" to Fame AT 8 36 a.m. he quit delivering milk, drove the electric milk float home, changed into stage clothes and The day Freddie and The Dreamers parked the float outside the TV turned pro began at 5.30 a.m. when studios. Freddie Garratty reported for work AT 9 7 a.m. the depot's telephone as usual at the dairy depot where he switchboard was buzzing with angry was employed as a milk roundsman. calls from housewives deprived of AT 6.15 a.m. Freddie started their pinta. delivering milk. AT 10.45 a.m. depot officials located AT 8.35 a.m, he heard that a BBC the float. television audition was lined up for AT 10.46 a.m. Freddie and The 10 o'clock. Dreamers turned professional. I'D RATHER HE UP THERE

The vast room in London's plushy Dorchester Hotel was awash with socialites, recording tycoons, newspapermen, public relations ...... SAYS ELLA FIT/GERALD experts and jazz musicians from both sides of the Atlantic. Her voice, which sometimes and west the raging letters roared In the middle of the room, has a curious "little girl" timbre in denouncing me. Letters appar- nervously fidgeting with a slim and at other times becomes al- ently written with pens dipped silken scarf, stood a splendidly most resonantly deep, is an in vitriol and couched in terms of upholstered coloured lady whose instrument which she uses with uncompromising menace. pleasant features had taken on immense dexterity and control But Istill hold to that view. I the look of one compelled against linked to tremendous drive and do not mean that Ella doesn't her will to face some testing an innate sense of taste and sing jazz - of course she does. ordeal. jazzmanship. But her international fame has She was Ella Fitzgerald. To her legions of admirers Ella been acquired largely in the world When Itouched her arm she Fitzgerald can do no wrong, and of what can best be described as started agitatedly and said :"Oh, who shall deny their right to hold superior pop music -as aswing- it's you. . this conviction ? ing interpreter of the compositions Ienquired if she was enjoying Mind you, though her style of of the greatest tunesmiths in the her role as guest of honour at performance is a long distance trade, men like Rodgers and this scintillating reception party. from those mostly favoured along Hammerstein, Cole Porter, Ger- Her answer came almost in a Tin Pan Alley, it's nevertheless a shwin and other illustrious pen- whisper. "Who are all these historical fact that she first soared men. people ?" she asked. fame-wards on what would now Maybe Ishould have expanded Inodded in various directions, be called a gimmick. my original statement to read mentioning various noted names. That was back in 1938 when, "the world's greatest jazz-slanted "I don't know all these people, as a teenager, she was singing pop singer". Yes, that fits. To I'm so dreadfully nervous," she up in Harlem with the big band perfection. said in an agitated voice. "All led by the late Chick Webb, that For Ella is a jazz singer of Iknow is that I'd rather be up diminutive drumming maestro. authority - if not the greatest there on the stand swinging with The teenage Ella, accompanied the jazz scene has ever known. the boys in the band." by Chick's orchestra, recorded a But almost throughout her career Ireflected that after all those sort of novelty opus called A- she has concentrated on a kind years of singing stardom Miss Tisket a-Tasket. Almost overnight of top-bracket pop song with the Fitzgerald remains basically ashy it became a global hit and the stamp of immortality heavy upon person. Appearing on concert name of Ella Fitzgerald became it. platforms all over the world international currency. It's stayed Though emotionally and tech- hasn't made it any easier for her that way ever since, not because nically equipped to sing the blues, to be totally at ease among she has made one gimmick hit Ella has scarcely ever done so - strangers. after another - in fact, she didn't though without the blues there Even up on the stage where cut any more discs of that kind. would be no jazz. She chose her she really expands she shows Ella may have had her first way ahead, the route of the best few of the slick, contrived man- taste of stardom because of a of the pops, and an immensely nerisms acquired by some pro- gimmick, but she has stayed a rewarding way it has been, both fessional entertainers. star because she has vast, far- for Ella and for her far-flung Of course, she is a professional ranging talent which time has audiences. up to the hilt, but not in the sense polished. That is, until quite recently, of flamboyant showmanship. Once Iwrote an article saying when there suddenly appeared Ella's professionalism is con- that she was the world's greatest on the Verve label a long-play tained entirely within her actual pop singer rather than the world's album offered under the style of singing, which is one of the greatest jazz singer. It was as if Ella Fitzgerald: These Are the unique - and, better still, com- Ihad unwittingly touched off a Blues. pletely durable - things in the barrel of dynamite. American impresario Norman world of popular singing. From points north, east, south Granz, who personally supervised SMANGINQ this New York session which pro- which the late W. C. Handy son in a spacious home in the duced ten fine examples of the penned back in the autumn of Californian sunshine, is fond of twelve-bar idiom, says: "Curi- 191 4. cooking — and, paradoxically for ously, Ella Fitzgerald in almost For all who will assuredly be one whose career has been spent thirty years of recording has, with interested, Ella was formerly mar- wholly in the spotlight glare of rare exception, never recorded ried to Ray Brown, probably the fame, likes the quiet and un- the blues. This, correcting a greatest bass player anywhere. assuming life. monumental oversight, is her When she's not roaming the Except, of course, when she's first album of the blues. We tried world on star-studded concert up there with the boys swing- as much as possible to be faithful tours, she lives quietly with her ing. ... in our approach to these songs: PAUL DENVER to recreate the period in our musical history during which they were written, and to retain as much as possible the spirit in which they were originally sung." Why this "monumental omission"? I think it was less an omission than a more or less conscious act of policy along the lines I've already set out. Much more to the point, Ithink Ella decided to apply her genius to the blues because the blues, the 100 per cent k/-id and the up-tempo rhythm and blues, have become part of the pop scene. In other words, there had arisen a vast and continually widening market for music with a blues slant. In her album Ella concentrates on the dyed-in-the-wool variety —naturally, for she is no R and B shouter. How does she make out ?Very, very well — if not quite in the immortal stream headed by the late Bessie Smith, the still un- challenged Queen of the Blues. In one or two spots mannerisms pop up which suit Ella perfectly when she is singing and swinging popular standards but are frankly out of place with the true blues. But these are small flaws — and isolated, at that. By and large, Ella demonstrates a fine inventive flair and an intuitive feeling for the idiom. Her version of the St Louis Slues must surely rank as one of the all-time great interpretations of the number 1

âletttilltitt etIletettti ittettlete This Rio Caroline book is ad el"Ing 3\1,13\1 titteen tong-PtaY- ing reco rd albun-is of individual to the winners of a St choice ar Names Contest. to un- All vou have to do is SCfafablie fourfollowing of the nineteen words n the sentence to make four famous names.. I-1e rnade the rernark that Milestones along the silver road to stardorn began even before the age of bingo• kev The letters in the vvordsas can be changed aroundropd a

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recTheeived editor's. decision vvill final and no correspondence can be entered into vvith con-ipetitors. So Ronald Wycherley got the name ... much to his disappoint- ment. "I wanted to be called Stean GARY LAME Wade," Billy remembers. "I got MEETS THE TUGBOAT KID that name from a character in a Western I'd been reading. - Blonde Billy shot to the top - one of the few rock soloists to survive the tremendous upsurge of groups rather than s.ngle personalities. Even several years ago Billy figured he must have been making something like £10,000 a year from record and sheet music royalties, television and personal appearances. He hasn't slipped back since. Billy has stayed the course so well that in 1964 he was able to pay £8,500 for a racehorse. But his frank simplicity hasn't changed - or his agreeable Liverpool voice. "That's one of the many nice things about Billy - he's still the same as when we first got together," Larry Parnes once told me. How long does it take Billy to pen a best-selling number or any kind of number? The average time is half an hour, though he's been known to knock one out in minutes. "I write quickly because Ican I first met Billy Fury when, at ran on board when he was only only write the songs that flow the onset of his career, he was 17. naturally from the start," he says. starring in Liverpool's vast Em- Later Billy found himself out "When Ihave to concentrate and pire Theatre. Bang in the heart of work and on the dole - and, stop to work them out nothing of the city where he was born. to the distress of his dad, unable happens." He seemed quiet and un- to find a job. Billy composes and plays guitar sophisticated - even, it seemed, Around this time he had started on the strength of a natural gift a bit on the shy side. But you writing the songs which, in the for music and some twenty les- sensed, just the same, a calm not-distant days ahead, were to sons as a boy. determination to give of his best bring him the equivalent of a -Iwish now that Ihadn't stop- and get the best out of his show- cabinet minister's salary in royal- ped taking lessons, but I really biz career. ties. couldn't stand them," he admits. You could call it a sort of quiet But he was still down, if not "But one day Iwant to find the fury going on inside the compact out, when he was taken by three time to study music seriously - frame of Billy Fury, who was pals to play his songs over to and write songs like Rodgers and born Ronald Wycherley. impresario Larry Parnes, who had Hammerstein." Only a little while before our a show running at the Essoldo Maybe he's right, though may- meeting he had been working over the water in Birkenhead. be not. It's possible that his on the Mersey tugboats that Larry - a shrewd spotter and natural genius will stand him in shepherd the great ocean-going groomer of talent - heard young better stead than learning music liners into the Liverpool docks. Ronald Wycherly in his dressing- academically. Even now Billy's hazel eyes room - and to the latter's amaze- He loves his family -his parents are likely to light up when he ment sent him out on stage to and younger brother Albert -and recalls his boyhood ambition to sing in public there and then. says that if he were to end up a become a tugboat captain. In- At this time Larry, a dab hand failure he doesn't think he could stead, the captain of the tug on at dreaming up names for his ever face the folks in Liverpool which he worked became his youthful hopefuls, was planning again. banjoist in the skiffle group Billy to call his next recruit Billy Fury. The danger is remote. .. . Billy Fury unleashes a characteristic smile. The one time tugboat kid is unchanged by the sweet smell of success. Lesley Gore ... at 18 almost a "legend" to American teenagers, then she made a big hit with teenagers over here. THE BACHELORS i•Abileerele e

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The sound of music didn't come exclusively from Liverpool and Tottenham. Manchester has had a hand in the musical pie, too. There were The Dakotas, Herman's Hermits and The Hollies. Five boys from the Manchester area make up The Hollies —whose first disc, Just Like Me, landed in the best-sellers after being on sale only seventy-two hours. And it was no flash-in-the-pan success, for Stay and Searchin' both climbed into the upper slopes of the Hit Parade — and their No. 1 long-play album en- titled Stay With The Hollies reached the Top Five, thus showing that a whole lot of listeners were staying right along with the fivesome. Originally, Graham Nash, Allan Clarke and Eric Haydock were members of a Mancunian group called The Deltas. When the combo broke up they asked Tony Hicks to join them on lead guitar, and with drummer Don Rathbone they re-formed. The time — Christmas, 1962. A new name was needed. The boys were sitting around in a room festooned with decorations — including holly. Credit for shouting "The Hollies" first is still being hotly argued about ! Graham and Allan had been friends since early school days. All smiles and no wonder !For They appeared together musically seventy-two hours after their first as The Two Teens and Ricky and disc went on sale it landed The Dane, later joining Eric in The Hollies in the charts. S MAKE IT IN 72 HOURS

Deltas. Eric had run his own group, The Dominators, and had done some cabaret work in Manchester before joining The Deltas. It was in February, 1963, that The Hollies got a recording contract with Parlophone. At the same time they landed a part in the Frankie Vaughan musical film, It's All Over Town. A month later the boys turned fully professional. By summer's end Don Rath- bone decided to try his hand in the agency side of the business and was replaced by Bobby Elliott, who had been with Shane Fenton's Fentones. Blackpool-born Graham sang in a choir from the age of 6. Allan ran through scores of jobs before he became a professional musician. Both write many of The Hollies' numbers. Quietest of The Hollies is bass guitarist Eric. He's thoughtful and slow to speak and sort of has a controlling influence on the super-exuberance of his col- leagues. The Four Pennies used to re- hearse in a music shop in their native Blackburn. Which was lucky — because it was Miss Marie Reidy, the owner of the store, who took the first decisive step towards putting them on the show-business map. She sent a recording of the group to Philips Records — and almost before they realized what tallera re 1111.1.11i "11111111::. .4.••

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- - . was happening the four boys were in the musical game. Blackburn is proud of its pop idols and the boys are no less proud of their old home town. In fact, they took their name from the street in which Miss Reidy's music shop stands — Penny Street. It was as lately as November, 1963, that the group turned pro- HERMANIA fessional, having previously been Hermania gripped the pop fans known as the Lionel Morton wher Peter Noone turned himself Four. and his group into HERMAN'S The Pennies' hit, Juliet, was born in the back room of the HERMITS and soared to chart- music store. Mike Wilsh, an 18- topping fame. year -old ex -student teacher, punched out the basic melody line on Miss Reidy's piano. He handed it to Fritz Fryer, the lead guitarist, who says he was stuck for a lyric idea — until he remembered his niece Juliet. The rest "just happened". Incidentally, the young lady who inspired the successful lyrics was 18 at the time — months, not years! It was Miss Reidy who introduced the Four Pennies to their manager-to-be, Alan Lewis — a businessman from Manchester. He's 27 but looks less, is dark, incisive and a cigar smoker. Alan went into business on his own account at 19 with just £40 capital. From this grew a big used car business — though he doesn't own a car himself! Alan also has big property in- vestments, a fact which inspired The Pennies to form their own property company. Drummer Alan Buck remembers how Fritz and Mike wrote one side of a disc in a police station. "We spent the night there," he says. "Not for any misdemean- our! What happened was that we had arrived too late at an engagement to get a late key for the hotel. After the show we had something to eat and got to the hotel only to find that we were locked out. We threw gravel up at the windows, rang the bell, all without getting any results. So we trundled off to the local police station." The police, it turns out, were very accommodating. In fact, they offered the boys beds in the cells — but they declined when they found out that there were no mattresses. "So we sat up all night following the adventures of the local Z-Cars' T-8," says Alan. "During this time Fritz and Mike drummed- up the idea for our 'B' side, Don't Tell Me You Love Me. About 5 a.m. we left the police station and drove to our hotel — and slept all day !" Meanwhile, we hear that thousands of girl fans of The Pennies have bored holes in pennies to use them as ear-rings and necklaces. And it was three girls from Manchester who complained to their musical paper: "We're always hearing about Beatlemania. Well, we've got Hermania. What about giving him some publicity ?" They were putting the spotlight on Herman's Hermits, already one of the most popular groups in Manchester and the North generally. Soon they were to achieve national renown. The unusual name of Herman comes from a cartoon character. If you used to watch the TV programme called The Bullwinkle Show you'll remember a boy named Sherman. The rest of the group were amused at the similarity of this character and their lead singer. Mistaking the name of Sherman for Herman, they "christened" him — adding The Hermits because it seemed to go with Herman. In fact, at the start the boys went around under the style of Herman and The Hermits, later shortening this to Herman's Hermits. • Herman's real name is Peter Noone and though only 18 he formerly appeared as asinger and actor on several television shows, including Knight Errant, Corona- The Dakotas started without a name, tion Street and Saki. then a ballroom boss suggested The Mickie Most, an independent Dakotas. The boys went for this — record producer, was the man but not for the suggestion that they responsible for the choice of should debut in full Red Indian material on the Hermits' début regalia I disc. It's title was certainly apt — I'm Into Something Good! And it was as far back as 1960 that yet another Manchester out- Tony to bring his new and un- After building up a big following fit, The Dakotas, sprang into named combo along in Red at Manchester's Oasis Club, the being under the inspiration of Indian clothes and under the team scored heavily at Liverpool's leader-drummer Tony Mansfield name of The Dakotas. famous basement of beat, The and rhythm guitarist Robin Mac- The boys refused the first part Cavern. It was here that they Donald. The management of the of the request — but they really were spotted by Brian Epstein — city's Plaza Ballroom wanted went for the suggested name. and a year later when he was looking for a group to back his the drums with a ballroom dance future, for back he went to Man- new vocal discovery, Billy J. band. chester and set about forming the Kramer, he handed them the job. Months later, on holiday at a group which was to become The By the way, Tony Mansfield North Wales holiday camp, he Dakotas. used to be a trainee baker in his watched an unknown drummer But who was the unknown dad's confectionery business. In playing with an unknown rock drummer? His name was . . . the summer of 1960 he took over 'n roll group. That decided Tony's Ringo Starr! 6

From a music store in Blackburn to stardom went The Four Pennies. They took their group name from the street in which the shop stands — Penny Street. eN. PAUL DENVER MOVES IN ON

The world's first jazz sounds came from the slum sprawl of the Storyville district of New Orleans somewhere around the year 1896, nearly a century after Napoleon sold the city to the U.S.A. The background was as col- ourful as you could wish. Thou- sands of foreigners had mixed with the descendants of the French and Spanish settlers who are known as Creoles. The civili- zations of the old and new worlds met and mingled. The impact of this —and last but never least the presence of avast Negro popula- tion — gave New Orleans a unique flavour. Jazz owes much to the Ameri- can Negro. His ancestors, im- ported like animals in the fearful slave ships from the African coast, brought with them the heritage of raw tribal rhythms. In the New World they were in contact with millions of Euro- peans shaking themselves free from old tyrannies. This vast melting-pot of humanity started to make its own culture — and on the working-class level jazz was the result. Some writers argue that jazz is entirely a coloured music. The truth is that the Negro influence is massive, but not 100 per cent. In fact, native Africans do not easily understand jazz when they first hear it. What happened in the Deep South of the U.S.A. more than half acentury ago was the mixing of the African rhythmic sense with European ideas of music. The mixture exploded — and jazz was the outcome. Into its creation had gone

Jazzman Acke rBilk. Bearded, dozens of ingredients — tradi- bowler-hatted an d striped- waist- in tional Negro spirituals, the blues, coated, he learn ed tojail play where clarinet he w as a hymn-shouting, work-songs, half- Egypt — in an Army y. forgotten ballads of old France, guest after falling asleep on guard dut the music-hall songs of the Orleans was and still is addicted, in roaring business on Basin 'nineties, marching songs, tunes at weddings, at organized picnics, Street, Perdido Street, Canal handed down from the Civil War even at funerals. For the latter it Street, Rampart Street and period, and ragtime. was asad "dead march" blues to Franklin Street. The teeming life of the New the cemetery, arousing march on This was the city that gave Orleans sidewalks and dives had the way back when the departed birth to jazz — and "King" Buddy thrown up a new earthy music had been properly laid to rest. Bolden, Joe "King" Oliver, Louis to match a new social setting. Mind you, the superior upper Armstrong, Freddie Keppard, Kid The men who first began to play class of New Orleans despised Ory, Sidney Bechet, Johnny it were mostly unable to read or this "gutter" music which was Dodds, "Jelly Roll" Morton. and write — and all were unable to to make their city internationally the white musicians headed by read written-down music. famous. To the men who wanted Nick La Rocca, leader of the now But they had an irrepressible to play jazz for aliving the salons almost legendary Original Cixie- urge to create their kind of music. were barred. But they found land Jazz Band. They started by forming street work in Storyville — the vast But the first New Orleans bands which played in the in- district of bars and gambling players didn't call their music numerable parades to which New dives and cabarets which were jazz. In fact, the word did not

Transatlantic reunion ... America's Eddie Condon with Britain's trumpeting Humphrey Lyttelton. appear until, during World War By this time the new music made Buddy Bolden's band the I, several New Orleans bands had spread all over the South. finest that ever played jazz was were booked into Chicago night It went steaming up the Missis- because it did not read at all." clubs. sippi to St Louis and Memphis The idea behind this statement The origin of the word is un- on the floating dance-halls of is still largely true, even though certain. Some people think it the riverboats. The tunes — still to-day many brilliant jazzmen are came from the French jaser as being blown inside out in pretty highly trained technicians. The a term for clatter and noise. In well every jazz club in Britain — reason is that jazz is composed Chicago it had adoubtful mean- were shot full of eloquent nostal- by the players in the act of ing. When one band was billed gia. Numbers like Canal Street playing. at aclub there a rival club owner Blues, Basin Street Blues, Beale The extraordinary improvisa- applied the word to it in an Street Blues, St Louis Blues, At tions of a small "hot" band are, advertisement — but the intended the Jazzband Ball. in fact, jazz. The result would be "knock" drew such a crowd of Bunk Johnson, the trumpet bedlam but for the fact that each the curious that the management man who was rediscovered after player understands exactly what promptly put the term up in neon thirty years of obscurity, once the others are thinking jazz-wise. lights. declared: "Now the thing that On the basis of a simple melodic

Jack Teagarden ... from deep in the heart of Texas he came to be acclaimed as the greatest jazz trombone man of all time. theme the most complex counter- came in 1921. It was led by Joe jazz history. He was a young point and exciting rhythmic pat- Oliver - who, on a never-to-be- Negro whom Constant Lambert, terns are created. forgotten night in New Orleans the eminent classicist, was to The resulting characteristic din in 1916, had led his band out of describe as one of the greatest is the true voice of jazz. It is the a club into the street playing a virtuosi of the age . . . Caniel folk music not so much of a race stream of inspired blues phrases Louis Armstrong. as of a class, the working class which brought the crowds surg- The band finally broke up - of cities and towns. ing from the honky-tonks to but not before it had powerfully Though the southern city of acclaim him "King". influenced a group of young New Orleans gave birth to jazz To the Windy City he brought white students from Chicago's it was the middle west city of a band whose playing set the Austin High School. Before the Chicago which provided the set- pattern on which much of the 1930's arrived they and others in ting for its biggest development later jazz styles were to be based. the city had created a style of in the decade after the first world Oliver played cornet and trumpet performance destined to start war ended. and later had with him another controversy all over the L.S.A. For it was to Chicago that the youthful trumpeter whose name and more than 3,000 miles away greatest of all the early jazz groups was to become the greatest in all in Britain.

Dean of Drummers — veteran George .- Wettling lays down a torrid Chicago beat with the Condon mob.

The legendary Bix Beiderbecke — a rare picture of the trumpet genius of jazz's Golden Age. I 711 11, Among them were Frank Tesch- born. Its big significance lay in than a passing thought to this macher, Jimmy McPartland, Bud the fact that it was a "white" "experiment in wireless tele- Freeman, Dave Tough, Eddie style instead of a pale echo of phony". No one, outside abunch Condon, George Wettling, Benny coloured jazzmanship. of technical eggheads, had even Goodman, Muggsy Spanier and But it wasn't the first "white" the smallest idea that something Mezz Mezzrow. They invented jazz. That came several years had begun which was to change "Chicago jazz" — an extension earlier from the Original Dixieland the whole face of entertainment of New Orleans style by the use Jazz Band —which, on aJanuary and one of whose effects was to of long solo passages. The end night in 1917, became the world's be an unheard-of flood of jazz product was a sort of blending first jazz group to make agramo- and pop music. Yet inside four of the Negro idiom with the white phone record. years jazz — using the word in man's 'temperamental outlook. This five-piece outfit consisted its widest and most tolerant It had, too, the savagery of of Nick La Rocca (cornet), Henry sense — was sweeping both youth experimenting in a back- Ragas (piano), Larry Shields America and Britain. ground of big city barbarity — (clarinet), Eddie Edwards (trom- Around this time a 27-year- reflecting something of the gang- bone) and Tony Sbarbaro old fiddle player from the Denver sters' empire in which it was (drums). It gave the first jazz Symphony Orchestra had started sounds to posterity in arecording an eight-piece dance band in of Tiger Rag, a number said to San Francisco. He was Paul be based on an old French Whiteman, and he saw a box- quadrille. office future for jazz if it was Two years later the ODJB "toned down" for hotel and — with its personnel slightly ballroom patrons who were likely changed —came to London. They to have trouble grasping any kind played at the Hammersmith Palais of music which departed from the de Danse ... and caused asensa- most simple melodic line. tion. By next morning scores of Another musician named Ferdé young men were rushing about Grofé wrote for Whiteman the London buying second -hand first large -scale arrangements musical instruments as the first ever used by a dance band. The step to playing "the new jazz". orchestra attracted attention and It is doubtful if more than a Whiteman got a contract to star handful really got anywhere on Broadway. His success was with it — but the effects of that immediate and enormous. In a long-gone night of jazz were to single gigantic bound he was in . be both vast and permanent. the Big Time and able to hire For jazz was now spanning nearly every top white jazz musi- two hemispheres. It was destined cian in America — among them to be played in its pure form, in such all-time "greats" as Bix commercialized dance music Beiderbecke, Eddie Lang, Joe forms, in the Great Jazz Revival Venuti, Jack Teagarden, Red of the 1940's and '50's, in far- Norvo, Frankie Trumbauer and out "progressive" and "modern" Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey. forms. But, no matter what the Three years after his New York changes were, it was to stay. debut Whiteman brought his en- Without it there would be no beat tire orchestra to England to be music, no rhythm and blues. featured in arevue at the London Jazz went from New Orleans Hippodrome. Throughout the to Chicago, from Chicago to New 'twenties the Whiteman band York, from New York to London was the biggest single name in — and the world at large. But commercialized dance music. along the line something else They added film fame to their happened. .. . other achievements with King On 2 November, 1920, the of Jazz. Actually, Whiteman's Westinghouse Company opened influence on true jazz was small. radio station KDKA in East Pitts- But in the world of dance music burg to announce the returns in it is hardly possible to over-state a Presidential election. Exactly the importance of the portly and Belting out the blues is Ottilie Patterson, famed wife of famed eighteen days later the station genial maestro. bandleader Chris Barber. put out the world's first com- It was in his band, too, that mercially-sponsored programme, the fashion for harmonized in short-wave tests intended for rhythmic vocalizing got under Muggsy Spanier caught by the reception at the Savoy Hotel way. The group contained three questing camera with Britain's Dinah 3,000 miles distant in London. young fellows named Bing Cros- Kaye in old Chicago. Hardly anybody gave more by, Al Rinker and Harry Barris. Soon, Crosby was to win solo than that. His rise was as meteoric play in the closely-knit style of fame on a scale undreamed of. as Paul VVhiteman's had been a the original coloured croups Even today, in the great epoch decade before him. from New Orleans. of The Beatles, Crosby has out- Now the copyists moved in, Yet the boom development sold all rivals in all sectors of the the way they always do. Swing didn't happen in America - but musical scene. became more and more sensa- in England. Nobody seems to But if Paul Whiteman was less tionalized. It even invaded the know exactly why, except may- than a jazz king, the men who solemn precincts of New York's be that people were tired of the shaped the next jazz stage were Carnegie Hall where the jiving polite smoothness of pre-war Whiteman men almost to a man. jitterbugs literally tore up the commercial dance music and But they had to do the shaping seats as they screamed for louder wearying of the high-note swing outside the Whiteman banner - and ever louder solos .. . nearly craze. Ihave the theory that the in specially formed groups for thirty years before another gen- time was at hand for jazz to countless historic recording ses- eration was to scream for Bill refresh itself by a return to the sions. Between them they created Haley, Cliff Richard, Tommy vital influences which brought it the so-called Golden Age which Steele, Elvis Presley and The into being. ran from around 1927 to 1933. Beatles. Yet the Revival \A„hich The music was exciting if just a Benny also established small little too slick, and when Bix died swinging groups within the larger the epoch began to die, too. orchestra, notably the trio - And the Kingdom of Swing Goodman on clarinet, Teddy was at hand. .. . Wilson on piano and Gene Its high priest was Benny Krupa on drums. Their influence Goodman who first emerged anticipated the rise of small from the Chicago ghetto as a modernistic groups nearly ten 12-year-old wearing knee pants years later. and carrying a clarinet under his Meanwhile, Bob Crosby was arm. He took the clarinet on ex- taking a tremendously exciting cursion steamers plying the Great band into recording studios in Lakes. When grown jazzmen New York. Out in San Francisco heard him play they made room there arose the Dixieland din for him. of Lu VVatters and Bob Scobey From the ghetto of Chicago to - three orchestras which antici- the sidewalks of New York. pated the Great Jazz Revival From lakeside steamers and movement of the middle 1940's. South Side dives to Manhattan' Almost as World War ll was recording studios. But Goodman breaking out acornet player with wasn't content to be a member a face like a sad spaniel was of someone else's band. Like cutting historic discs under the Louis Armstrong, Jack Teagar- style of Muggsy Spanner and his den, Glenn Miller, Duke Ellington Ragtime Band. Woody Herman and Count Basie, he was an was already a new and massive individualist and an innovator. name in big band jazz and blues. In 1934 he launched swing. Louis Armstrong had soared He didn't invent the word, but to international fame with his he gave it a new meaning. Until Hot Five and Hot Seven. His then musicians who wanted to genius was influencing practically urge each other on called out every jazz trumpet player on "Swing it there, man !" They earth - and players of every hadn't got around to changing other instrument as well. He the verb "to swing" into a noun. had toured Britain, playing be- Benny made the change and fore King George V - in the started a revolution. middle of the concert Satchmo What he actually did was to the Great looked up at the royal form his own band and take a box and announced a number by big risk by deliberately playing saying: "This is for you, Rex." in a "hot" style before a ball- But though jazz was now room public whose ears were world wide, the biggest public not at all used to this kind of was still for its pop music variants. thing. Then Lu VVatters formed his Benny the Good gave them Yerba Buena Jazz Band, taking Jazzman with cockeyed-looking brilliantly arranged music shot the name from an island in San trumpet is America's Dizzy Gillespie. through with the salty tang of Francisco Bay where it first But what comes out isn't jazz. He merely hoped the idea played. It was the first white cockeyed-sounding.... would take, but it did much more band since the late 'twenties to Or" boomed all through the 'forties spread like a forest fire. Names had been playing for a handful and 'fifties to climax in the Great from nowhere became names of pounds a week were now Trad Fad - did not come from everybody knew - the Christie selling records by the many professional musicians. It began Brothers, Mick Mulligan and thousands, making continental to grow in Britain when George George Melly, Mike Daniels, the and American tours, even starring Webb, an engineer who played Crane River and Yorkshire jazz at the London Palladium. the piano for kicks, got his Dixie- bands, Chris Barber, Acker Bilk, Now the amateur jazz makers landers together in the Red Terry Lightfoot, Kenny Ball, Bob were themselves professionals, Barn pub at Barnehurst, London. Wallis, Freddy Randall. moving in the same world as This was the group which The music migrated from ob- longtime pros of the calibre of Humphrey Lyttelton joined and scure upstairs rooms in obscure Ted Heath. which, later on, was to provide pubs into organized clubs and Then the change began. Slowly the first stalwarts in Humph's then into vast concert halls. at first, then suddenly. The Great own band. Finally, it caught on with the Trad Fad was over and the Big The George Webb Dixielanders vast pop audience. It was the Beat was in. went into action in 1942. In a latest fashion. Traditional jazz But jazz was not and is not few years the movement had bands which a few years before dead. Barber, Bilk, Lyttelton, -

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s• ....• ..... CO . .1 . . '..- Lightfoot, Ball, Dankworth, Scott in Britain, once summed up the the traditional school much as .. . all remain and flourish. But whole scene in a long letter to life today contrasts with life the bands are now playing for me. This is how he sees it all - in the 'twenties. For musicians their real audiences, the jazz to attempt, as many do, to enthusiasts who were there be- Traditional jazz was the re- play like untutored American fore trad became afad and always sult of Southern United States Negroes of two generations will be there. environment on Negro immi- ago, is illogical and unscien- In the meantime the new voice grants. Chicago style was the tific. of jazz modernism had arisen - result of this new Negro art Modernism, with its techni- the free-thinking experimentalists form on white Americans. A cal virtuosity and comparatively of the bop movement, the pro- direct line may be traced, via academic approach to harmony gressive school of Stan Kenton, Armstrong, Tea garden and in jazz, is the result of better the "cool" modernism of Gilles- Goodman, right down to so- instruments, cheaper musical pie, Brubeck, John Lewis, Col- called modernism, which is education - anda revolt against trane, Mingus and Monk. only the latest link in a chain the exceedingly narrow limita- Ronnie Scott, whose London of musical evolution. tions of traditional jazz har- club is the Mecca of modernism Modern jazz contrasts with monies.

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Coolest of cats is Kai Winding, modernism's monarch of the far-out trombone. But there is also timeless jazz, Yes. It was Louis himself who once jazz which lasts down all the For jazz is not exclusively New said in his gravelled, runbling years and is utterly unaffected by Orleans or Chicago or West voice: "If you got to ask what changes and fashions. Coast modernism. It is what an jazz is all about .. . man, you'll When I asked Ronnie if he artist creates as he plays. It is never know." thought the music of men like the different jazz of Armstrong What Ido know is that jazz Armstrong, Teagarden and Bechet and Goodman and Bechet and has survived two world wars, was finished, he answered: No. Basie and Ellington. It is both endless shifts of fashion and Great jazz playing is that which ancient and modern and main- every attempt to make it is still enjoyable after the style stream. It is all these things. It conform to the rules of Tin has ceased to be modern. Arm- is what comes out when the Pan Alley. strong especially of those you right man blows it in. After more than half a cen- mention will always be great, But you can't explain it in tury of ups and downs Iguess no matter how many changes of words, though millions of words it must be here to stay .. . style may come and go. He is an have been written about it. You innovator of genius -it is apparent hear it and feel it and you know in every note he plays." it is jazz. Or you don't. PAUL DENVER

A mouth full of the blues, property of singer Doreen Beatty. Picture shows her in action with the band of Mike Daniels — whom she married. Johnny Dankworth Dr og ressi ve brain on the British jazz scene. BELIEVE IT OR NOT

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Talk about being without honour in the store were being asked for by their offbeat humour and in your own country or among records by The Beatles. In fact, friendly personalities. some sections of it .. . but its so many were the requests that In the autumn of 1962 came true just the same that the first Brian decided to investigate. their recording of Love Me Do, attempts to get The Beatles on He found The Beatles playing a modest success with 100,000 disc met with no success at in The Cavern — only a few copies sold — still mainly in the all ! hundred yards from his store ! north. See what happened. Up in Well, they impressed Brian so Then everything happened .. . Liverpool in December, 1960, the much that he offered to manage In ten months The Beatles were famous four appeared for the first them. It was around this time at the top. time as The Beatles in asuburban that the snags appeared. At first They sold more than 4 million dance hall. nobody seemed to want The records. How did the audience react? Beatles. They won a gold disc for 1 Rapturously. Next the group "I was told that there was million sales of She Loves You. (this was two years before already too much of that type of They got an unprecedented Ringo came in) made four ap- material," says Brian. "Then I advance order of 1 million copies pearances in Hamburg and be- went into the HMV record shop for their fifth single /Just Want came as big a success there as in Oxford Street, London, to have to Hold Your Hand, thus qualify- they were in Britain's north-west. some Beatles tapes transferred to ing for gold disc No. 2. Now it was during one of these disc. They saw their second LP German trips that the boys were "As soon as the people there With The Beatles register advance asked to accompany British sin- heard them they advised me to sales of aquarter of amillion three ger Tony Sheridan on arecording get in touch with George Martin, weeks before it even appeared in date. They did — and that's how the recording manager for the the shops. Brian Epstein, now their personal Parlophone label." They won silver discs for chart- manager, first came to hear about George showed the same topping sales of Please, Please them. 3hrewd perception as Brian. He Me and From Me to You. Brian, a 30-year-old former instantly realized that the boys They won asilver LP for pass- RADA student, was the director had the capacity to produce ing the quarter million mark with of his family's record retailing highly original material — and, their first album of fourteen business in Liverpool. Assistants )n top of that, he was charmed items, including eight originals.

DATELINE USA • DATELINE USA •DATELINE USA • DATEI EUSA • DATELINE USA • DATELINE USA • DATELINE USA WHEN THE SCREAMING HA 1III STOP!

Not only the beat singers are from Hoboken in New Jersey sox girls screamed and swooned favourites on Radio Caroline pro- suddenly erupted on The Scene. in their thousands. Meanwhile, grammes. The ever-growing army For Francis Albert Sinatra his income had shot from S15 of listeners to the two broad- everything came the hard way. to S25,000 a week. casting ships includes many who Brought up on the wrong side In view of the sharp things he go for the Big Five in American of the tracks, life was tough - has had to say about the frantic pop music. and, to survive, he soon found fan fever of the rock and beat Forward, then, those tried and out that the best defensive is a epochs, it is an ironic thought trusted fellows - Messrs Bing walloping offensive. He learned that it all really got started with Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Perry this lesson so well that by the Frank Sinatra. For his teenage Como, Dean Martin and Na! time he was 10 he was regarded audiences were the first of the "King" Cole. Except that Nat can as the juvenile terror of Hoboken. screamers. no longer step forward in person With school behind him Frank Then came what some Johnny - though the late and great Sinatra decided to become a Know-alls professed to regard as assuredly can on record. newspaper reporter - but the Decline and Fall of Frank The Old Groaner started it all changed his mind after taking Sinatra. They couldn't have been way back in the mid-'twenties note of the staggering success more wrong. Indeed, it is difficult when he quit the Paul Whiteman of Bing Crosby. Instead, he to understand how they ever Rhythm Boys to start recording organized, booked and sang in held this view of a singer whose solo against the brilliant guitar a quartet called the Hoboken style, phrasing and total mastery backing of the immo -tal Eddie Four. of the idiom stick out a mile even Lang (who was born as Salvatore The group got on the then on an off-day - and he has had Massano but understandably famed Major Bowes Amateur them. changed the name to something Radio Hour. They didn't score He went to the peaks of film- easier to say). heavily as a team - but Sinatra dom by winning an Academy Soon Bing was the unchal- did with a solo version of Night Award as the Best Supporting lenged Top of the Fops with and Day. Actor of the Year for his never- millions of youthful :'ans who Then he turned himself into a to-be-forgotten performance in were later to become the parents singing master of ceremonies and From Here to Eternity. of another lot of youthful fans. a head waiter, of all things. But Nor was his singing any less From records and radio Bing success was only just around the successful. Today he is still moved in on Hollywood with a corner. attending the Summit Meeting string of movies perhaps the most Bandleaders Harry James and of Stardom, his name constantly famous of which were made with Tommy Dorsey hired him. First turning up in popularity polls and Bob Hope and the glamorous he sang with The Pied Pipers, on what often seems like an end- Dorothy Lamour. then as a soloist. less flow of LP albums. Two marriages (his first wife This took him back to radio - He's still tough and determined, Dixie Lee Crosby cied) and and then, dramatically and sud- but no longer the skinny kid from seven children later Harry Lillis denly, it happened !Exactly five Hoboken. And, of course, as he Crosby still rates as the all-time years after being a head waiter grew older and consolidated his best seller in the world of popular Frank Sinatra was the biggest reputation something else hap- music. single phenomenon in pop music pened. But around 1936 a skinny kid - "The Voice" for whom booby- The screaming had to stop .. . well, it'd be out of place for a guy in his forties, wouldn't it ? But even as Crosby and Sinatra flourished, other famous names emerged — also destined to stay on top of the heap. Perry Como, for instance. The one-time barber from New Jersey who may well be the most relaxed singer of the lot. It was Bob Hope who wise- cracked that Perry is so relaxed he makes Crosby look like abusy- body. Could be. But what is beyond dispute is Perry's immense talent which is joined to one of the most likeable personalities anywhere. Not that Dean Martin is far behind Perry when it comes to taking it easy — singing as if the whole thing is just an off -the- cuff throwaway. It isn't, of course — that's merely the illusion created by the acute professionalism of these two brilliant performers. Born as Dino Crocetti, Dean is, like his friend Sinatra, an actor of distinction. He also happens to be, by my yardstick, one of the greatest of all singers. Finally, to Nat "King" Cole whose thoughtful view was that having a wife and children he was anxious for them not merely to eat but to eat well. To realize this splendid ambition he concentrated on his career as a superior pop singer rather than his previous career as ajazz pianist-cum-singer. Like Ella Fitzgerald, he made the interesting discovery that this deviation from strict purism pays ... and pays and pays. As of now Nat is known to a legion of newer Caroline listeners solely as asort of Sultan of Sweet Music. It is the older Cole addicts who tend to sigh nostalgically for the bygone hey-day of the King Cole Trio. Nat himself felt that too many jazz enthusiasts pay lip service to their music but don't buy it, or enough of it, in recorded form. On the other hand thousands have always been waiting for his next pop LP to be released so that they can step right out and buy it. As he succinctly summed-up Frank Sinatra ... for "The Voice" not long before his lamented the first of the screamers. death :"The only rule in making records is that they sell." Nat "King" Cole found the switch di from jazz trio to solo singing made , . _ him a big money star...... 4 t ...e :7, - s'•;11 / • N--r, !...., .- em PUS

ROLLING STONES GATHER ... We ditched the rest of the old saying because The Rolling Stones have done plenty of gathering — lolly not moss, though. But why those strained looks? "We build up to aterrific climax and when the show ends we just seem to snap," says leader Mick Jagger. Right at the start we took note of Ray McFall's prediction about changes in the Beat Scene, particularly his shrewd appraisal of the boom in rhythm and blues. The odd thing is that this high- powered up-tempo variant of the true blues has been around not for months or even a few years. It was being pounded out on American Negro "race" records long before The Rolling Stones rolled out of their cradles! Count Basie, who leads what many feel to be the most staggering swing band on earth, once told this writer: "We were belting out the beat thirty years back and nobody outside the specialist record buyers wanted to know." Then, in the mid -'forties, America's Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five came through with a series of sophisticated rhythm and blues which excited some critics but didn't turn the charts inside out. The seeds of the R and B boom were sown in the rock 'n roll craze. Rock 'n roll is a white variant of coloured rhythm and blues. From it came the Big Beat and from the Big Beat came R and B. The oddest thing of all is the emergence of something like 2,000 rhythm and blues groups all over Britain — all young Eng- lishmen knocking out what is, at its roots, an American Negro music. And some of the groups at least make a spirited job of it. Not least The Rolling Stones, whose socked-out and unrelen- ting beat gets close enough to the real thing. But others have come up with some fairly torrid stuff. Groups like The Yardbirds, Long John Baldry's Hoochie Coochie Men, Georgie Fame, Manfred Mann, The Pretty Things, John Mayall's Blues Breakers. Then there's Sheffield's Dave Berry. He's had more than a little to do with the great R and B rumpus. His first recording, alittle

Veteran rhythm and blues star Chuck Berry says his wife and daughters are his biggest boosters and his biggest critics! A

Behind the hair, the beard, the dark glasses and under the bowler hat ... The Pretty Things. The name comes from a rhythm and blues number, Pretty Things. The boys say they meant it as a joke. The quintet of Pretty Things is made up of Dick Taylor (lead-guitarist), Phil May (vocalist), John Stax (bass- guitarist), Brian Pendleton (rhythm- guitarist) and Viv Prince ("Prince of the Drums"). The Pretty Things say they're smart — ragged while the Stones "appear just scruffy". thing called Memphis Tennessee led many fans to compare him with his American namesake Chuck Berry. Incidentally, Chuck himself is something of a veteran in the rhythm and blues territory. He was born thirty-four years ago in St Louis as Charles Edward Berry and had his own small group as far back as 1952 at the Moonlight Bar and the Cosmo- politan Club in East St Louis. He says his biggest boosters - and his biggest critics - are his wife and two young daughters. Back on the British scene still more groups have shot up over the last year or so -the tremendously exciting Alexis Korner's Blues Incorporated, the Graham Bond Organization and Zoot Money's Big Roll Band among them. Certain it is tha; all these we have named, and the Mike Cotton Sound which followed young Mike's trad band, have made a big impact. Manfred Mann is the name which belongs to Marfred Mann himself and the five-man Rand B team he leads. Back in the bleak winter of early 1963 all five were so hard-up that they had to sleep in one room - the on y one they could afford to heat - in their South London flat. Starting out as a modern jazz group they gradually drifted into rhythm and blues anc found that now the audiences were really participating. Their third record for HMV, an item called Hippy Hippy Shake, settled in the Tor)' Ten and by early 1964 had won the group a silver disc for sales running out at 250,000-plus. How many of the estimated 2,000 groups are likely to last may be doubtful. In the end it will be those with something highly original to say. That is, of course, if the R and B boom itself lasts. In passing nobody ought to overlook the name of Chris Bar- ber - for it was the trombone- playing jazzman w-io may well have triggered off the R and B rumpus in Britain when, as long ago as 1958, he brought Muddy Waters over from !he U.S.A. to Chris Barber brought Muddy belt out the beat w•th the Barber Waters over from the U.S.A. — and band. not long afterwards the Big R and B boom burst on the scene. Final nod in this Radio Caro- line book goes to Ray Charles Robinson, the blind singer who became Ray Charles and one of the most talked-of figures anywhere in the world of popular music. Blind since boyhood, Ray learned to play the piano and read music by the Braille system, was a rhythm and blues piano man in his early days, went on to become a topmost solo star. If having something personal and original to say means you're here to stay then Ray Charles — who has been tagged "The Genius" —surely has all the dura- bility of the longest runner. As ace drummer Chico Hamil- ton puts it: "Ray Charles is the earth, the thing that everybody has contact with — he's really saying something." Yes, indeed.

RAW JAGGED EMOTIONAL ¡HAÏS HAY CHARLES

-and it's no bluff when the blind genius takes off

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Une up of the five men who are Manfred Mann. For them the musical leap was from modern jazz to rhythm and blues. From deep in the heart of Beatland came . .The Merseybeats. And their first disc went straight into the charts. Titles were It's Love that Really Counts and The Fortune Teller. Both by American tunesmiths. Which is significant because it's a change for Americans to write for the British Market.

SWINGING SWEETLY Who wouldn't have a girl in a group when the girl's as fetching as Honey of the Honeycombs? 'T .:.*Xeel;001. rc

,s• • re.: •„ Millie (of My Boy Lollipop) won a talent contest in Jamaica. The prize was a recording test. Little Miss Millicent Small was on her way.... Mike Same taking a lesson in love. That code he's reading seems to be puzzling him, though. Must remember to borrow Mike's copy. WILD ONE

... Well, that's how Little Richard: was when some of :he current stars had not then risen. The wildest rocker of the lot was born south of the Mason-Dixon line, sang on the streets cf his native Macon till rock-'n-roll rocketed him to the top. Then, at the peak of his fane Little Richard quit to take up religion. Global success of the the Big Beat coincided with his return to

Dizzy Feet ... the swinging scene . .looking, Hands, too. Well, who else could as our picture shows, quite a twist thataway? It's that man who sedate guy sartorially. Gone is started it all — America's Chubby the zany hair, but this guy can Checker in a TV session. still belt out the blues like crazy.

Petula Clark found new fame in France. She even sang Hello, Dolly in French. THE FOUR FACES NOE

ME looking normal, mate ME having doubts ME in a tizzy ME feeling great again, mate . . . and why not? Some say he's just a clown, some say he's just a singer. Fact is, Joe is both and doing swell.

Four charmers who charmed the disc- Starting at the top and moving left buying public with their swinging to right you're gazing at the Misses singing ... Julie Grant, Christine Holmes, Lorraine Gray and Julie Rogers FLASHBACK to Tommy Steele at the peak of his career as king of the Rockers. Now he's a top singing actor with a long-run West-End hit The Barron Knights face the to his name. camera both vertically and horizontally I One, two, three, four ... and ifs MAYBE IT'S TOUGH go-man-go for The Remo Four.... AT THE TOP, but THEY'RE ALL GOOD PALS! Dionne Warwick... another feminine chart success.

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THE TIGRESS SHOWS HER CLAWS "I'm sick of some of the publicity I get ... Ijust want to live my own life quietly...." It was Shirley Bassey speaking. The celebrated Tigress from Tiger Bay showing her claws ! When she was scarcely known, famous impresario Jack Hylton told Paul Denver to travel 200 miles to hear her. "She'll be a great star," said Jack. Mr Hylton was right.

No Dates, said Helen What does being a hit Miss mean ? Helen Shapiro said: "Before Icame into the business Iused to date boys like any other girl. But I've had to sacrifice that. Anyway, it'd be hard for me to go out with the same kind of boy that Iused to. Now Ihave to go around in taxis and cars. The boys Iused to know can't afford taxis...." But we hope Helen won't be dateless for ever. The Dreamers' Freddy seems to be making the pace all right in this off-the-cuff shot taken at ABC Television's studios. But, look out there ... don't drop luscious Janice Nicholls. •

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From the disc jockeys, the crews and everyone at RADIO CAROLINE, and from all who helped to produce this RADIO CAROLINE book, the warmest wishes to all listeners and readers alike. ... And good listening to your all-day music station

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