Jennifer C. Selgrath, Sarah E. Gergel, and Amanda C. J. Vincent. Shifting gears: Growing effort, impacts, and diversity in small-scale fisheries (1950-2010)
S2 Table. Detailed information about the classification of 93 specific fishing gears used by fishers in the Danajon Bank, Central Visayas, Philippines (1950-2010). Cebuano variations indicate the names given to gears in the local language. In several cases the English terms were interchanged or mixed with the Cebuano terms. General gear classes indicate the class to which each specific gear was assigned. We define intensive fishing gears as those with a high catch efficiency, a great magnitude of force, and/or a relatively low selectivity. Intensive categories indicate if the gears are: active, destructive, non-selective, and/or illegal. Although illegal fishing gears are not inherently intensive, the majority of illegal gears in the Philippines are also intensive. Thus we group illegal gears with intensive gears, while recognizing that this relationship may not be relevant in other contexts. For illegal gears we provide the year that the gear became illegal.
Specific fishing gear Cebuano variations General gear classes Intensive categories
selective
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Hook & line Nets Diving Traps Gleaning Corral Blast Poison Destructive Active Non Illegal Aquarium fishing panamelya X X X X 1932 Aquarium fishing (poison from wild panubli; tubli; kus-kus X X X X 1932 plants)
Blast fishing tiro X X X X 1932 Blast gatherer dugok tiro; manugok tiro; X X X X 1998 manugukay tiro
Cast net: mud shrimp laya X X X Fish corral bunsod; bunsod dugok X X Gaff: Sea cucumbers spot-spot X X X Gillnet mangabay; mangabay nylon X X Gillnet pukot; pukot single X Gillnet, bottomset pukot alimango; pahabog X X Gillnet, bottomset (1-2 m high): panglunod; pukot lunod; pukot X X 1986 wrasses panglabayan Specific fishing gear Cebuano variations General gear classes Intensive categories
selective
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Hook & line Nets Diving Traps Gleaning Corral Blast Poison Destructive Active Non Illegal Gillnet, bottomset (1-2 m high, fine pukot pangayagkag; pukot X X 1986 mesh): wrasses kayagkag; pukot pataan
Gillnet, bottomset (compressor) pukot compressor X X X X Gillnet, bottomset: crabs pukot lambay; panglambay X X Gillnet, bottomset: mackrel, trevally pamante X Gillnet, bottomset: mackrel, trevally pukot anduhaw; paganduhaw X Gillnet, bottomset: mackrel, trevally pukotpanagko X Gillnet, drift palutaw X X Gillnet, encircling midwater (scaring panglikos ; panglikos ; pukot likos; X X X 1998 device) pukot likos-likos
Gillnet, encircling midwater: pukot bawo; pukot balo X X X needlefish
Gillnet, midwater: mojarras pangsamok X X X X Gillnet: fish pukot isda; pukot single or triple X X Gillnet: parrotfish pukot karabalyas X ? Gillnet: parrotfish pukot mol-mol X ? X Gillnet: tuna pukot tulingan X X X Gilnet, drift pamo; pamo anduhaw; pamo X X barangay; pamopanagko; pukot pamo; pukot pamomangse
Gilnet, drift (night) panagko X X Gilnet, drift (night): anchovies pukot libod; libod; panglibod X X Gilnet, encircling: squid pangnokos; pangnokos mangabay; X X X pukot nokos Specific fishing gear Cebuano variations General gear classes Intensive categories
selective
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Hook & line Nets Diving Traps Gleaning Corral Blast Poison Destructive Active Non Illegal Gleaning kinhas; kinhason; panginhas; X X X manguha; panguha; nguha lampay; lampay-lampay onguhaog kinhason; wasay-wasay
Gleaning (sharp rod) ugsang X X X X Gleaning and diving pana & kinhason X X X Gleaning and diving: crabs mata lambay; pangmata X X X Gleaning and diving: sea urchins manuyom; panuyom; tuyom X X X Handline (1 hook) pasol; pasul X Handline (1 hook, weighted) pasol ton-ton X Handline (2 hooks) pasol double taga X Handline (3 hooks) pasol (3 hooks) X Handline (5 hooks) pasol (5 hooks) X Handline (baited with squid) pasol lahoy X Handline (bobber) patao-patao balo X Handline (lantern) palong X Handline (single, moving)? pasol labyog X Handline, multiple pasol multiple X Handline, multiple panglak-lak; panglakoy X Handline: needlefish pasol bawo X Handline: squid pasol nokos X Hook & line: tuna pasol tulingan X Jigging subid X Jigging: octopus subid kugita X Specific fishing gear Cebuano variations General gear classes Intensive categories
selective
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Hook & line Nets Diving Traps Gleaning Corral Blast Poison Destructive Active Non Illegal Jigging: squid subid nokos X Lift net (night) basnig X X X 1998 Longline, bottomset palangre; palangre pasol X X Longline, bottomset pangitang; kitang X X Net, midwater (lantern) pukot yab-yab; yab-yab X X Net, midwater (night) lawag X X X 1998 Net, midwater (scaring) pukot sasa; pangsasa X X X 1998 Net: shrimp pasayan X ? ? ? Piled rock mounds (fish aggregation pangito; mangito X X X 1932 with nets & cyanide)
Pot: crabs sapyaw X Push net (triangular), small sud-sud X X X X Scoop net sikpaw X X X Seaweed gathering guso washout gatherer X X X Seine, Beach baling X X X X Seine, Danish liba-liba; ring-ring; hulbot-hulbot; X X X X 1998 kub-kub; de-ring
Seine, midwater sahid X X X 1998 Seine, roundhaul sapyaw libod; sapyaw bulinao X X X 1998 Skin diving (bare hands): fish panicop isda; panicop X X X Skin diving (bare hands): sea pamat X X X cucumber
Skin diving (compressor) buso X X X Specific fishing gear Cebuano variations General gear classes Intensive categories
selective
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Hook & line Nets Diving Traps Gleaning Corral Blast Poison Destructive Active Non Illegal Skin diving (crowbar and lantern) gabii lapas; ginabii lapas; lantern; X X X X 1998 manugaay; mamanaay; manusaay; ginabii lapas; lantern fishing lapas
Skin diving (crowbar): abalone kay-kay; kapinan; lapas; panglapas; X X X X 1998 pangapinan; panarap kapinan
Skin diving (scoop net and lantern): bulit pasayan; manowo pasayan; X X X shrimp pamasayan; panu pasayan; takyan
Skin diving (spear and flashlight) ispat; pangispat X X X Skin diving (spear and kerosene ganta-aw; manu; manawo; pamana; X X X lantern) pamasayan; pana lantern
Skin diving (spear) pana; pana adlaw X X X Skin diving (twisting corals & sawom-sawom X X X X 1998 cyanide)
Skin diving: crabs sarap lambay X X X Skin diving: cuttlefish pangubutan X X X Skin diving: shells panarap kinhason; sarap kinhason X X X Skin diving: various invertebrates sarap; panarap X X X and small fish (shells, sea cucumber, urchin, octopus)
Trammel net pukot triple; pukot lamba-lamba X X Trammelnet pukot danggit; pangdanggit X X Trammelnet, midwater (scaring): pukot dombol; dombol; tikbong X X X 1998 fish
Trammelnet: shrimp pukot pasayan X X Specific fishing gear Cebuano variations General gear classes Intensive categories
selective
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Hook & line Nets Diving Traps Gleaning Corral Blast Poison Destructive Active Non Illegal Trap (poison): fish amatong; amitong X X Trap (stones): fish bobo; bubo isda; bantak X Trap, large: fish panggal; panggal isda X Trap, large: fish simpot X Trap, small: fish panggal kuyo-kuyo; kuyo-kuyo X Trap: crab panggal lambay X Trap: mudcrabs panggal alimango X Trawling (to 50 m depth) palakaya X X X X 1998