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Mea.Surement of Fishing Effort • ... International COlmeil for the C.M.1970 • Exploration of the See. Speoial Meeting on "Mea.surement of Fishing Effort" No. 8 Cle.ssifioation, Definition and Codifioation of Fishing Geer Statisties (being also FAO Fisberies Cirouler, No. 258) • prepared by . Professor, Dr. A. von :Brandt, Direktor, Institut f. Fangliechni.k, Bundesforsebungsanstalt f. Fisoherei and L. P. D. Gertenbaeh, Seoretary, Coordina.tingWorking party on Atlantio Fisher,y Statistios, FAO Department of Fisheries• • rAO Fisheries Circu1ar No. 258 FIES/C258 (Distribution restricted) Statistical standards . CLASSIFlCATlOO, DEFlliITlOO AND CODIFlCATICN OF FISHlliG GEAR· STATISTICS Prepared by Professor Dr. A. von Brandt Director, Institut fur Fangtechnik Bundesforschungsanstalt 'fur Fischerei • and L.P. D. Gertenbach Secretary, Coordinating Working Party on At;1antic Fishezy Statistics FPD Depa.rt:ment of Fisheries • POOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANlZATleN OF THE UNITED NATlOOS Rorrc, May 1970 -------~---------------------- • • MI/A4936 ! FAO Fisheries Circular (FAD Fish.Circ~) A vehicle for distribution ot short or ephcrrcral notes, lists, statistical tabulations I etc., including provisional versions of dC>Cl.lITeI1ts to bc issued later in other series. - 3 - CLASSIFICATION, DEFINITION AND CODIFICATION OF FISHING GEAR STATISTICS INTRODUCTION In the collection of effort and catch statistics, gear classification is of paramount importance. ICES, ICNAF and other regional fishery eommissions now eolleeting cateh and effort statistics by speeies and by fishing area use gear as one of the faetors to be considered when drawing a distinction between different elasses of fishing units for which such effort. catch and data have to be reported. In the notes for the eompletion of the STATLANT formst previously ealled STANA formst the fishing gear or fishing method is the primary faetor to be considered when establishing different elasses of fishing units. Information on gear elassifieation was reprodueed or1ginally in Appendices B, C and E of FAO Fisheries Circular No. 229. The eontents of this Fisheries Circular have been re­ arranged and the first part dealing in general with fishing effort measures has been issued as FAO Fisheries Circular No. 248. while the material dealing with gear elassifieation is issued separately here in the attaehed Appendiees A, B. C., D, E and F• • • - 4 - APPENDIX A EXTRACTS FROM THE ICES AND ICNAF NOTES FOR THE COMPLETION OF STATLANT FORMS Tbe International Standard Statistical Classification of North At1antic Fishing Gear is based on the c1assification recommended by the Expert Meeting on FisheryStatistics in the North Atlantic Area, Edinburgh. September 1959. as modified subsequently by the CWP as a guidance to"national offices. Countries might. for some of these gear categories in certain areas. find it advisable to introduce further refinements by introducing sub-categories (e.g. "bottom" or "pelagic"). Such refinements might, sometimes. be very necessary. but to avoid a too comp1icated international list of gear categories. these further refinements are 1eft to the national reporting offices. A careful utilization of"this North At1antic gear c1assification. suitab1y refined by the national offices, together with the selected craft categories. should enab1e the reporting offices to establish suitab1e class~s of fishing units for each "fishing area". This International Standard Statistical C1assification of North At1antic Fishing Gear is as given below: • 1. Otter trawls 1. Otter trawls 1.1 Large-meshed otter trC1JJJZs 1/ 2/ 1.1.1 Side trC1JJJls 1.1 Side trawZs 1.1.2 Stern trawls 1.2 Stern trC1JJJZs 1.2 SmalZ-meshed otter trawls 1/ 2/ 1.2.1 Side tr~Zs -- 1.2.2 Stern trawls 2. Pair trawls 2. Pair trawls 2.1 Large-meshed pair trawZs 1/ 2/ 2.2 Small-meshed pair trC1JJJls 1/ 1/ I 3. Beam trawls 3. Beam trawls I 4. Danish" seines 4. Danish seines 5. Purse seines, ring nets, etc. 1/ 5. Purse seines, ring nets, etc. 6. Beach seines 6. Beach seines 7. Drift gill nets "7. Drift gi1l nets 8. Set gill ncts 8. Set gill nets (bottom nets) ~ 9. Fixed gear ~/ 9. Fixed gear (weirs, traps. pots.etc.) 10. Long-lines 10. Long-lines 11. Hand-lines 11. Hand-lines I 12. Dory-type gear 12. Dory-type gear i 13. Other lines 13. Other 1ines • 14. Dredges 1) 14. Dredges 15. Harpoons 15. Harpoons 16. Other gear 1/ 16. Other gear 17. Gear that cannot be specified 17. Gear that cannot be specified 1/ To be specified where nccessary. 1./ "Large-meshed" refers to meshes of 70 mm. and above; "small-meshed" to meshes of 1ess than 70 mm. I• - 5 - APPENDIX B DRAFT CLASSIFICATION OF FISHING GEAR FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES GEAR CATEGORIES 1. LINE~FISHING * 1.1 LINES WITHOUT HOOKS Ee1-bobbing 1.2 LINES WITH HOOKS OR GORGES 1.2.1 Handlines With or without rods and ree1s; tuna po1e-and-1ine fishing 1. 2.2 Set lines Single or 10ng 1ines 1.2.3 Drift lines Single or 10ng 1ines; tuna 10ng 1ines 1.2.4 Troll lines 1.3 LINES WITII RIP HOOKS Sturgeon 1ines 2. TRAPS • 2.1 CORRI~L-LIKE BARRIERS Walls, fences, gratings 2.2 HIDING PLACES Brushes, octopus-pots * 2.3 TUBULAR TRAPS 2.4 BASKETS Pots, fykes 2.5 WEIRS, POUND NETS Set nets in Japanese literature 2.6 AERIAL TRAPS Veranda nets 2.7 MECHANICAL TRAPS AND SNARES 3. BAG-LIKE GEAR 3.1 SCOOPING, PUSHING AND SCRAPING NETS 3.2 STOW NETS • 3.2.1 With stakes 3.2.2 With anchors 3.2.3 With otterboards 3.3 DREDGES * Items that may have no significance in countries having developed fisheries. - 6 - APPENDIX B (Cont'd) GEAR CATEGORIES 3.4 BOTTOM TRAWLS 3.4.1 Two boat, pair-trawl 3.4.2 One boat, broadside 3.4.3 One boat, beam 3.4.4 One boat, side otter-trawl 3.4.5 One boat, stern otter-trawl 3.5 MIDWATER TRAWLS 3.5.1 TWo boat, pair-trawl 3.5.2 One boat, side otter-trawl 3~.3 One boat, stern otter-trawl 3.6 SEINE NETS 3.6.1 Beach seines 3.6.2 Boat seines Danish seines 4. SURROUNDING NETS • 4.1 LAMPARA-LIKE NETS 4.2 PURSE SEINES 4.2.1 Two boat 4.2.2 One boat 4.9 OTHER RING NETS 5. LIFT AND FALLING NETS 5.1 LIFT NETS 5.1.1 Hand lift nets 5.1.2 Stationary lift nets on beaches, from boats 5.1. 3 Stick-held dip nets 5.1.9 Other lift nets • 5.2 FALLING NETS * 5.2.1 Cover pots and 1antern nets 5.2.2 Cast nets * Itcms that may have no significance in countries having deve10ped fisheries. - 7 - APPENDIX B (Concl'd) GEAR CATEGORIES 6. GILL NETS AND Tk~GLE NETS 6.1 GILL NETS 6.1.1 Bottom ('Iset") nets 6.1. 2 Drift nets 6.2 TANGLE NETS 6.2.1 Single net walls 6.2.2 Trammel nets 7. MECHANICAL HARVESTING METHODS 7.1 IUu~D-OPERATED EQUIPMENT Venturi dredges. wash-out nozz1e 7.2 I~VESTING MACHINES Seaweed harvesters. "clam" harvesters • 7.3 PUMP-FISHING MACHINES 8. WITHOUT GEAR AND WOUNDING GEAR 8.1 WITHOUT GEAR 8.l.l Grasping by hand 8.1.2 By diving Divers with or without diving equipment and hand implements * 8.1.3 With hunting animals Cormorants. otte~s. dogs. suckerfish 8.2 WOUNDING GEAR 8.2.1 Hand instruments Spears. clamps. tongs. rakes, etc. * 8.2.2 Bows and arrows * 8.2.3 Blow-pipes 8.2.4 Harpoons 8.2.5 Rifles Fired by hand. rifles. guns. etc. * 8.3 STRIKING GEAR 8.4 COLLECTIVE STUPEFYING METHODS * 8.4.1 Poisons • Explosions 8.4.2 8.4.3 Electricity 9. GEAR NOT KNOWN * Items that may have no significance in countries having developed fisheries. - 8 - APPENDIX C 1/ GEAR CLASSIFICATION • As mentiened in the preface, the gear classificatien published in Modern Fishing Gear ef the Werld, Lenden 1959, has been used as a guide for this book.ll This gear classification has been submitted to the First International Fishing Gear Congress of F.A.O. in 1957 and has been primari1y based on European fishing gear. Considering the who1e wor1d, however, some alterations of and additions to the classification are necessary, but no essential modifications are required. A new main group for gear, specially designed for the drive-in fishery of Asia, has been added. In contrast,to the original classification the gil1 nets and tangle nets have been divided into two different groups. Moreover, most of the other main groups had to be enlarged. The basis forthe c1assification is the principle how the fish are caught. In this way,15 main groups have been estab1ished. The first and second sub-sections are based on facts inf1uencing the fishing operations. These facts may inc1ude a different design or con­ struction of,the' gear, but even a varying size or material of the particular model of the gear. Which fact is influencing the handling of the gear would depend on its type. This altered classification is given in the fo1lowing: 1. WITlJOUT GEAR 3. STIIPEFYING HETHODS • 1.1 GRASPING BY HAlm 3.1 STRIKING GEARS 1.2 BY DIVING 3.1.1 Clubs 1.3 WITH HUNTING AlUHALS 3.1.2 Throtvn missiles 1. 3.1 Dogs 3.2 POISONS 1.3.2' Otters 3.3 ELECTRICALFISHING 1. 3.3 Cormorants 3.4 EXPLOSIVES 1.3.4 Sucker-fish 3.4.1 Fish-shooting 1. 3.5 Others 3.4.2 Hand-grenade 3.4.3 Dynamite 2. WOUNDING GEAR 4. LINES 2.1 HAND INSTRUMENTS 2.l.1 Spears 4.1 WITHOUT lIOOKS,. BOBBING 2.1. 2 Fish plummets 4.2 WITII GORGES OR HOOKS 2.1.3 Clamps 4.2.1 Hand lines 2.1.4 Tongs 4.2.2 Set lines 2.1.5 Rakes 4.2.3 Troll lines 2.1.
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