National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Lowell National Historical Park

“...I was going home in October. Everybody goes home in October.”

The Writer Jack Kerouac is a writer who wrote his which was a high note in most of his “songs” in spoken language to be read and writings. Most of all he wrote about the sometimes sung aloud. He wrote about wretchedness of the human condition his childhood, his adolescence, and his which, according to him, should find Lowell friends; he also wrote about his solace in brotherhood, kindness and many other friends from around the heaven. country and the world. He loved religion,

His Life Kerouac was born in Lowell, the age of 47. Kerouac’s first seventeen Massachusetts, on March 12, 1922, “at five years were those of a typical Franco - o’clock in the afternoon of a red- all-over American youth living in Lowell; his next supper time” (Doctor Sax) and died in St. thirty years were those of a travelling Petersburg, Florida, on October 21, 1969, at Ulysses living with everyone everywhere.

French-Canadian Roots Jack’s parents were born in Quebec. They the family apartment at 118 University met and were married in Nashua, New Avenue (formerly Moody Street). Hampshire, and later moved to Lowell. Jack had one brother, Gerard, who died The Pawtucketville Social Club, 123 when Jack was four years old, and one University Avenue, was founded in 1897 to sister, Caroline (Nin). From 1922 until teach English to the city’s newest French - 1943, Kerouac’s family lived in many Canadian immigrants. It continued to different homes. During this time, Lowell serve the neighborhood by providing a was a city of about 100,000 people, recreation center that helped preserve including 30,000 Franco-Americans. French-Canadian traditions and customs. Most of these French-speaking During the Great Depression of the 1930s, immigrants and their families settled in the Kerouac’s father managed this club, where Centralville, Little Canada, and Jack and his friends spent much time Pawtucketville sections of the city. As a shooting pool. teenager, Jack had a room of his own in

Education Although he was a first generation when he was a football and track star. Jack Franco-American. Jack spoke French began writing seriously when he was 17. exclusively until he was seven years old. Among his early influences were He attended elementary school at St. Louis Whitman, Saroyan, Wolfe, and Thoreau. Parochial School at 79 Boisvert Street and He earned a scholarship to Columbia but the Oblate School on Merrimack Street in dropped out his sophomore year. In 1942, Little Canada. Jack skipped sixth grade he worked briefly as a Lowell Sun (8) sports and entered Bartlett Junior High, a public reporter. After serving in the Merchant school at 79 Wannalancit Street. Jack then Marines during World War II, Jack moved attended Lowell High School (3) located to New York to join his family, who had on Kirk Street. Maggie Cassidy takes place moved there from Lowell. during Jack’s senior year at Lowell High, Jack Kerouac first gained literary notice with the 1950 publication of his auto-biographical novel, , a tale of his coming of age in Lowell and New York City. His 1957 novel On the Road was a literary and cultural sensation that led to his being labeled the “Father of the .”

He went on to write and publish more than 20 books of prose and Downtown Walking Tour of 4. Nicky’s Bar poetry. He is considered one of Kerouac’s Lowell 5. Pollard Memorial Library the most important authors of the 1. Parking 6. Mill Girls & Immigrants Exhibit 20th century. 2. Lowell NHP Visitor Center 7. Kerouac Commemorative 3. Lowell High School 8. Lowell Sun

Kerouac’s Places The city of Lowell serves as a backdrop for religious order, built a replica of the many of Kerouac’s books, in which he Grotto at Lourdes. Haunted by this describes various businesses, churches, grotto, Kerouac wrote in Doctor Sax, haunts, and residences of Lowell. Some “Everything there was to remind of Death, of these still exist. One of them, St. Jean and nothing in praise of life.” Baptiste Church, now Nuestra Senora del Carmen, Kerouac described as “the In 1967, Jack married Stella Sampas and ponderous chartreuse cathedral of the returned to Lowell. His mother had slums.” Jack’s funeral was held there. One suffered a stroke, and his only sister had can also still see the Bienvenue Social Club died suddenly. While in Lowell, he wrote and “Funeral Row,” a series of funeral another novel, Vanity of Duluoz: An homes including Amedee Archambault & Adventurous Education, 1935-1943. He Sons, the site of Kerouac’s wake. Nearby, at frequented Nicky’s Bar (4) at 112 Gorham the corner of Pawtucket and School Street, now a restaurant, and spent many Streets, is an elegant old house built in 1875 hours at Pollard Memorial Library (5) as for the industrialist Frederic A. Ayer. In he had years before with his sister Nin. 1908, the building became the Franco - Jack expressed thanks in Doctor Sax for American Orphanage. Behind this the books that were always available at the building, the Oblate Fathers, a Canadian library.

Artifacts The Mill Girls & Immigrants Exhibit (6), a and backpack. For exhibit hours call part of Lowell National Historical Park, Lowell National Historical Park at (978) located at the Mogan Cultural Center, 40 970-5000, or stop at the Visitor Center at French Street, features a display of 246 Market Street. Kerouac artifacts, including a typewriter

Final Resting Place & Memorial Jack Kerouac’s grave is in the Sampas The Jack Kerouac Commemorative is family plot at Edson Cemetery, which is located in Kerouac Park (7) on Bridge located on Gorham Street two miles south Street. Dedicated in 1988, the commemo- of the Lowell Connector. A small flush rative contains excerpts from Kerouac’s stone at Lincoln Avenue between Seventh writings. The path, with its cross and series and Eighth Streets is marked “Ti Jean, of circles, refers to Kerouac’s Roman John L. Kerouac, Mar. 12, 1922 -1969, Catholic and Buddhist beliefs and evokes -He Honored Life.” his lifelong spiritual quest.

Events Every fall, the “Lowell Celebrates website for “Lowell Celebrates Kerouac!” Kerouac!” Committee holds a three-day at http://lckorg.tripod.com. event in his honor. For more information, write: Lowell Celebrates Kerouac, P.O. Box 1111, Lowell, MA 01853 or visit the official

Lowell National Historical Park 67 Kirk St., Lowell, MA 01852 (978)970-5000; TDD (978)970-5002 http://www.nps.gov/lowe