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Regional Hydrocarbon Potential and Thermal Reconstruction of the Lower Jurassic to Lowermost Cretaceous Source Rocks in the Danish Central Graben

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Regional Hydrocarbon Potential and Thermal Reconstruction of the Lower Jurassic to Lowermost Cretaceous Source Rocks in the Danish Central Graben BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DENMARK · VOL. 68 · 2020 Regional hydrocarbon potential and thermal reconstruction of the Lower Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous source rocks in the Danish Central Graben NIELS HEMMINGSEN SCHOVSBO, LOUISE PONSAING, ANDERS MATHIESEN, JØRGEN A. BOJESEN-KOEFOED, LARS KRISTENSEN, KAREN DYBKJÆR, PETER JOHANNESSEN, FINN JAKOBSEN & PETER BRITZE Schovsbo, N.H., Ponsaing, L., Mathiesen, A., Bojesen-Koefoed, J.A., Kristensen, L., Dybkjær, K., Johannessen, P., Jakobsen, F. & Britze, P. 2020. Regional hydro- carbon potential and thermal reconstruction of the Lower Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous source rocks in the Danish Central Graben. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol. 68, pp. 195–230. ISSN 2245-7070. https://doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2020-68-09 Geological Society of Denmark https://2dgf.dk The Danish part of the Central Graben (DCG) is one of the petroliferous basins in the offshore region of north-western Europe. The source rock quality and maturity Received 15 April 2020 is here reviewed, based on 5556 Rock-Eval analyses and total organic carbon (TOC) Accepted in revised form measurements from 78 wells and 1175 vitrinite reflectance (VR) measurement from 55 7 August 2020 wells, which makes this study the most comprehensive to date. The thermal maturity Published online 14 September 2020 is evaluated through 1-D basin modelling of 46 wells. Statistical parameters describ- ing the distribution of TOC, hydrocarbon index (HI) and Tmax are presented for the © 2020 the authors. Re-use of material is Lower Jurassic marine Fjerritslev Formation, the Middle Jurassic terrestrial-paralic permitted, provided this work is cited. Bryne, Lulu, and Middle Graben Formations and the Upper Jurassic to lowermost Creative Commons License CC BY: Cretaceous marine Lola and Farsund Formations in six areas in the DCG. For the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Farsund Formation the source-rock richness is presented for selected stratigraphic sequences. The upper part of the Farsund Formation is immature in the southern part of the Salt Dome Province, and late oil mature in and near the Tail End Graben and in the Søgne Basin. The lower part of the Farsund Formation is immature in local areas, yet post-mature in the Tail End Graben and in the Salt Dome Province. The Lower and Middle Jurassic shales are gas-prone in most of the DCG. The depth of the oil window, as defined by a VR of 0.6% Ro, ranges between 2200 and 4500 m. The variations are ascribed to heat flow differences in the DCG and can be modelled by a simple depth model, which includes the thickness of the Cretaceous to Palaeo- gene Chalk and Cromer Knoll Groups. According to the model, a thick Chalk Group offsets the oil window to deeper levels, which likely can be attributed to the thermal properties of the highly thermally conductive chalk compared to the underlying less thermally conductive clays. The DCG is an overpressured basin, and high-pressure, high-temperature conditions are expected to occur deeper than 3.8 km except for the Feda and Gertrud Grabens where such conditions, due to generally lower tem- peratures, are expected to occur deeper than around 4.7 km. Keywords: Danish Central Graben, Basin modelling, Jurassic source rock quality and maturation, vitrinite reflectance modelling. Niels Hemmingsen Schovsbo [[email protected]], Louise Ponsaing [louise.ponsaing@gmail. com], Anders Mathiesen [[email protected]], Jørgen A. Bojesen-Koefoed [[email protected]], Lars Kristensen [[email protected]], Karen Dybkjær [[email protected]], Peter Johannessen [pjo@ geus.dk], Finn Jakobsen [[email protected]], Peter Britze [[email protected]], all Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Hydrocarbon potential and thermal reconstruction of source rocks in the Danish Central Graben · 195 The Danish Central Graben (DCG) is part of the North the Kimmeridge Clay Formation in the UK sector and Sea rift basin (Fig. 1). The main petroleum source rocks the Mandal Formation in the Norwegian part of the of this mature petroleum province are the Upper Ju- Central Graben (Damtoft et al. 1987, 1992; Ineson et al. rassic – lowermost Cretaceous marine shales, which 2003; Petersen et al. 2010, 2012; Verreussel et al. 2018). are referred to as the Farsund Formation in the DCG, The Middle Jurassic coaly units of the Bryne and Lulu 2/1-5 2/2-6 2/2-4 2/3-3 2/1-11 2/2-3 30 km 2/2-1 2/3-4 2/1-13 2/1-1 2/4-11 VIVI-1 2/4-22 2/5-7 2/5-12 NINI-5 2/4-21 2/4-18 2/5-11 2/5-13 NINI-3 2/4-17 2/5-10 3/4-1 2/4-14 -16 -15 2/4-10 NINI-1 NINI-4 2/5-1 4/4-1 2/5-2 2/6-4 3/4-2 NINI-2 Søgne Basin 2/4-7 3/5-1 NOLDE-1 2/4-9 2/4-8 SANDRA-1 NENA-1 2/4-20 2/5-4 SOFIE-1 2/6-1 2/5-8 2/5-3 2/6-5 3/6-1 2/4-5 2/5-5 2/5-6 SISSEL-1 2/4-6 2/5-4 3/5-2 SARA-1 2/4-1 2/4-3 2/4-2 2/5-9 2/6-3 2/4-12 SIRI-3 Terrace 2/6-2 2/6-6 SIRI-5 2/7-12 2/4-4 Pigvar SIRI-2 2/8-5 2/8-2 3/7-2 SIRI-4 2/7-14 SIRI-6 SIRI-1 2/7-13 SCA-11 FLOKI-1 2/7-5 3/7-1 3/7-5 2/7-4 3/7-1 3/8-1 Lindesnes Ridge 2/8-17 Mandal High 3/7-10 ELNA-1 2/7-30 2/8-7 3/7-9 2/7-1 2/9-3 3/7-6 D-1X 2/8-15 3/7-3 Søgne Basin CECILIE-1 2/7-16 2/7-6 3/7-7 CONNIE-1 2/7-3 2/8-12 2/9-5 3/7-4 CLEO-1 2/7-28 2/7-8 2/8-13 FRANCISCA-1 RAU-1 2/7-7 2/8-18 VANESSA-1 2/9-1 2/9-2 LULITA-1X 2/7-17 2/7-15 2/7-9 -3 LULU-1 2/7-20 2/7-11 -2 -1 2/7-29 2/8-3 WEST -2 2/7-24 LULU-4 FRIDA-1 2/7-25 2/8-4 2/8-1 KARL-1 2/8-9 2/8-8 2/9-4 GITA-1X 2/7-2 MONA-1 L-1 2/8-11 2/8-10 HEJRE-1-2 AMALIE-1 2/11-4 2/8-6 2/12-1Gertrud Plateau/Graben XANA-1X 2/11-1 2/10-2 TABITA-1 Coffee Soil Fault 2/11-7 -2 GERT-1 2/11-11 -4 -3 -2 T-1X -3 2/11-2 T-3X GULNARE-1 -6s JEPPE-1 31/21-1 -5 RITA-1 KIT-1XP 31/26a-7 OTTO-1 SOLSORT-1 2/11-8 -9 Feda Graben 31/26a-5 SVANE-1,-1A 2/10-1s LONE-1 STEN-1 GWEN-2 IRIS-1 31/26a-8 Ål Basin KIM-1 STORK-1 31/26-1 31/27-1 Q-1X RIGS-1T ail End Graben OSCAR-1 Inge High OPHELIA-1 I-1X 31/26c-13 JETTE-1 31/26a-4 31/26-2a BARON-2 P-1X BERTEL-1 31/26d-15 Outer Rough Basin Arne-Elin Graben Mid ISAK-1 DIAMANT-1 56°0'0"N WESSEL-1 Heno 31/26a-9 31/26b-18 North Plateau Sea LILJE-1 NORA-1 39/2-2 SAXO-1 Ringkøbing–Fyn High 39/2-1 39/1-1 High LIVA-1 EG-1 SPURV-1 ELIN-1 W-1X TORDENSKJOLD-1 HIBONITE-1 Robin High NW ADDA-1X SIAH NE-1X 39/2c-5 CHABAZITE-1 RAVN-1 -3 HANNE-1 ROBIN-1 NORTH JENS-1 BOJE-1 39/2-4 -2 FALK-1 ADDA-1 ADDA-2 PER-1 ELLY-1 -2 -3 BO-1X SE-ADDA-1x DEEP- Mads High H-1X ADDA-1 ROXANNE-1 LUKE-1X Poul Plateau E-1X V-1X 39/07-1 Rosa Basin SKARV-1 UGLE-1 B-1 JENS-1 LILLY-1X A05-1 EDNA-1 FASAN-1 39/11-1 DEEP GORM-1 MIDDLE-ROSA-2 G-1X EAST-ROSA-3 (N-22) S.E. IGOR-1 SKJOLD FLANK-1 4°0'0"E EAST-ROSA-FLANK-1 U-1X Salt Dome Province ALMA-2X Well reaching Jurassic sediments EMMA-1 M-8X BRODER TUCK-1 ALMA-1X Supplementary wells outside the Danish Central Graben -2 M-1X Normal fault at Base Upper Jurassic level JOHN- A-2X Reverse fault at Base Upper Jurassic level FLANKE-1 ANNE-3 O-1X Fault plane OLGA-1X Feda Name of Late Jurasssic structural element Jurassic thin or absent SINE-1X Salt dome National boundary 5°0'0"E Fig. 1. Structural elements and wells that reach the Jurassic sediments in the southern part of the Central Graben. Updated from Japsen et al. (2003). For wells included in this study, see Table 1. 196Figure · 1.Bulletin Schovsbo of the et Geological al. Society of Denmark Formations constitute a secondary source, whereas Geological setting unknown contribution may come from other source rocks including the Upper Jurassic Lola Formation, The North Sea rift complex is a major east-dipping the Lower Jurassic Fjerritslev Formation, Permian half-graben system consisting of a series of minor shales and Carboniferous coals (Damtoft et al.
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