MEMOIRS ON BIODIVERSITY I

Biodiversity of South America. I

Pier Mauro GIACHINO Editor

Verona - 2008 Memoirs on Biodiversity, volume I, 2008

ISSN 1971-1557 CONTENTS ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0

© World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy http://www.biodiversityassociation.org E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +39 3409165855 Post address: World Biodiversity Association onlus, c/o Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 9, I-37129 Verona, Italia

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Scientific/Editorial Board The Chairman of WBA onlus ...... 5 The Head of the Corpo Forestale dello Stato ...... 7 ACHILLE CASALE,SASSARI (Italy) The Editor ...... 9 OLIMPIA COPPELLOTTI,PADOVA (Italy) MAURO DACCORDI,VERONA (Italy) PROAÑO CASTRO A. C., ROSSI W. PIER MAURO GIACHINO,TORINO (Italy) New records of Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycota) from Ecuador ...... 11 LAURA GUIDOLIN,PADOVA (Italy) GIOVANNI ONORE,QUITO (Ecuador) BATTISTON R., PICCIAU L. GIUSEPPE B. OSELLA,L’AQUILA (Italy) Contribution to the knowledge of the Mantodea of Ecuador with the description of JOSÉ MA.SALGADO COSTAS,LÉON (Spain) the male of Pseudoxyops perpulchra (Westwood, 1889). (Mantodea Mantidae MAURO TRETIACH,TRIESTE (Italy) Stagmatopterinae) ...... 19

Editor-in-chief: Dr. Pier Mauro Giachino BATTISTON R., PICCIAU L. First report of the praying mantis genus Musoniella Giglio-Tos, 1916 from Ecuador Managing editor: Dr. Gianfranco Caoduro with the description of a new species. (Mantodea Thespidae Thespinae) ...... 31

BUZZETTI F. M., C AROTTI G. Annotated list of the Caelifera of Ecuador (Insecta: Orthoptera) ...... 39

This work may be cited as: VIGNA TAGLIANTI A. A new species of Esphalmenus from the Great Andes of the Ecuador (Dermaptera, 67 Giachino P. M. (ed.), 2008. Biodiversity of South America I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, World Biodiversity Pygidicranidae) ...... Association onlus, Verona, 1, 496 pp.

Individual contributions may be cited as follows: VIGNA TAGLIANTI A., TOLEDANO L. Proaño Castro A. C., Rossi W., 2008. New records of Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycota) from Ecuador. pp. Bembidion (Ecuadion) agonoides n.sp. from Ecuador (Coleoptera, Carabidae, 77 11-18. In: Giachino P. M. (ed.), 2008. Biodiversity of South America I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, World Bembidiina) ...... Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, 1, 496 pp. TOLEDANO L. Systematic notes on the Bembidiina of the Northern Andes with particular reference Maker-up: Luciano Vinco (E-mail: [email protected]) to the fauna of Ecuador. (Coleoptera, Carabidae) ...... 81 Cover graphic: Alberto Cafaro (E-mail: [email protected]) ALLEGRO G., GIACHINO P. M . , S CIAKY R. Front cover and back cover: the montane cloudforest Otonga (Cotopaxi Province - Ecuador). Photo by G. Notes on some Trechini (Coleoptera Carabidae) of South America with description of Caoduro new species from Chile, Ecuador and Peru ...... 131

CASALE A. Printed in Italy Responsible Director: Simone Bellini The genus Calleida Dejean 1825 in Ecuador (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini), with Authorization n. 116753 08/06/2006 eight new species ...... 173

GIACHINO P. M . , M ORET P. , P ICCIAU L. Printed on ecological paper, totally Chlorine-free A new microphthalmous species of Perigona Castelnau 1835 from Ecuador Impreso sobre papel ecologico, totalmente libre de Cloro (Coleoptera Carabidae) ...... 195

3 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 11-18 World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy. ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0 New records of Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycota) from Ecuador A. Carolina Proaño Castro* - Walter Rossi**

*Museo QCAZ, Sección Entomología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito (Ecuador). **Dipartimento Scienze Ambientali, Università dell’Aquila, 67100 Coppito (AQ) (Italia).

Abstract are added to this short list. Furthermore, we take the Therteen species of the Laboulbeniales are reported opportunity for reporting new findings of these same for the first time in Ecuador. These are: Dimeromyces species from Bolivia, Brazil, Kenya and South Africa, nanomasculus Thaxter, Hesperomyces coccinelloides which makes it possible to define more accurately (Thaxter) Thaxter, Laboulbenia bruchii (Spegazzini) the distribution of these parasites. MORET P. Thaxter, L. cristata Thaxter, L. funeralis Thaxter, L. Many more Laboulbeniales are to be found in Four new species of Diploharpus Chaudoir 1850 from Ecuador (Coleoptera, latonae Thaxter, L. metrionae Balazuc, L. philonthi Ecuador, as evidenced by field research carried out Carabidae, Perigonini) ...... 201 Thaxter, L. schizogenii Thaxter, Mimeomyces latonae by the authors in recent years, which is still in pro- (Thaxter) Thaxter, Monoicomyces invisibilis Thaxter, gress. On the other hand, the very high biodiversity Salgado J. Mª Rhachomyces longissimus (Thaxter) Thaxter, R. philon- which characterizes Ecuador makes it obvious that Contribution to the knowledge of the biodiversity of Ecuador: new genus, new species thinus Thaxter. The records of Dimeromyces nanoma- the number of Laboubeniales in the country will likely include several hundred species. and new records (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) ...... 209 sculus, Hesperomyces coccinelloides, Laboulbenia schizo- genii and Rhachomyces philonthinus represent the first records for South America. New records from Materials and Methods PACE R. Bolivia, Brazil, French Guyana, Jamaica, Kenya and Most insects were collected in the field by the authors New records of Aleocharinae from Ecuador and Peru, with the description of new spe- South Africa are also reported. using standard entomological techniques. Insects cies, new subgenera and new genera (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) ...... 225 were stored in 75% ethyl alcohol for transport to the Key words: Coleoptera, parasitic fungi laboratory, where they were carefully examined with ONORE G., BARTOLOZZI L. a dissecting microscope. The parasitic fungi were Description of the larvae of Sphaenognathus (Chiasognathinus) gaujoni (Oberthür, Resumen removed from the hosts by means of an entomological 1885) and S. (C.) xerophilus Bartolozzi & Onore, 2006 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), with Trece especies de Laboulbeniales son por primera pin (# 3) and mounted on permanent slides following observations about their altitudinal range extension ...... 399 vez reportadas para el Ecuador. Estas son: the techniques described in Benjamin (1971). Slides Dimeromyces nanomasculus Thaxter, Hesperomyces coc- of the recorded species are deposited in the Museo de BALLERIO A., GILL B. D. cinelloides (Thaxter) Thaxter, Laboulbenia bruchii la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, sec- Notes on some Germarostes s.str. Paulian, 1982 from the cloud forests of Ecuadorian (Spegazzini) Thaxter, L. cristata Thaxter, L. funeralis ción Micología (QCA), in the Museo de Ciencias Andes with remarks on allied Ceratocanthinae genera (Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea Thaxter, L. latonae Thaxter, L. metrionae Balazuc, L. Naturales, Herbario Nacional (QCNE) and in the col- philonthi Thaxter, L. schizogenii Thaxter, Mimeomyces lection of the senior author, which will be deposited in Hybosoridae) ...... 407 latonae (Thaxter) Thaxter, Monoicomyces invisibilis the Botanical Museum in Florence (FI). Thaxter, Rhachomyces longissimus (Thaxter) Thaxter, DACCORDI M. R. philonthinus Thaxter. Los registros de Dimeromyces The species of Elytromena Motschulsky 1860, with observations on Elytrosphaera nanomasculus, Hesperomyces coccinelloides, L. schizoge- Results Chevrolat 1836 and related genera. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae) . . . . 417 nii y Rhachomyces philonthinus representan los pri- meros para América del Sur, y también son reporta- Dimeromyces nanomasculus Thaxter CONSTANTIN R. dos nuevos registros para Bolivia, Brasil, Guyana (figs. 1-2) Description of a new species of Melyrodes Gorham, 1882 from Ecuador (Coleoptera, Francesa, Jamaica, Kenya y Sud Africa. Melyridae) ...... 465 Distribution. Described from Semiardistomis Palabras clave: Coleptera, hongos parásitos. viridis (Say) (= Ardistomis viridis Say) from the BELLÒ C., OSELLA G. USA, and Ardistomis eductus Bates, likely from Two new species of Howdeniola Osella (1980) from Ecuador (Coleoptera Central America (Thaxter 1908) and not recor- Curculionidae Cossoninae) ...... 469 Introduction ded since. Laboulbeniales are ectoparasitic fungi on New record from Ecuador. Cotopaxi, Cantón living Arthropods, especially insects. These fungi Sigchos, San Francisco de Las Pampas, Bosque RIGATO F., S CUPOLA A. have barely been studied in Ecuador: to date, Integral Otonga, 79°00.1’W 0°25.1’S, 25-28 July Two new species of the Pyramica gundlachi-group from Ecuador (Hymenoptera only 26 species have been recorded, as summari- 2005, Walter Rossi, on the elytra and mesoster- Formicidae) ...... 477 zed in the following table. The first records date num of Ardistomis venustulus Putzeys (Carabidae: to 1908, which means that, on average, one spe- Scaritinae: Clivinini). JANNI O., BOANO G., PAVIA M., SILVANO F. cies has been reported every four years! Other unpublished records. BOLIVIA, Dpto. A preliminary avifaunal survey along the Rio Yanayacu-Pucate, Pacaya Samiria In the present paper, 13 more species of Santa Cruz, Prov. Andrés Ibanez, Cantón National Reserve, Loreto, Peru (ECOMUSA Project) ...... 483 Laboulbeniales, all parasitic on beetles (Coleoptera), Terebinto, Potrerillo del Guendá, sandy banks of

4 11 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 11-18 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 11-18

GENUS SPECIES HOST HOST’S FAMILY AUTHOR (S) YEAR 3 4

Amorphomyces italicus Spegazzini Carpelimus mundus (Sharp) Coleoptera: Staphylinidae Thaxter 1931 Corethromyces aequatorialis W. Rossi et A. Weir Gnathymenus sp. Coleoptera: Staphylinidae Rossi & Weir 2007 Corethromyces otongaensis W. Rossi et A. Weir Biocrypta sp. Coleoptera: Staphylinidae Rossi & Weir 2007 Herpomyces paranensis Thaxter Blabera ? Blattoidea: Blaberidae Spegazzini 1915 Ilytheomyces anomalus Thaxter Zeros sp. (sub Ilythea) Diptera: Ephydridae Thaxter 1931 Ilytheomyces denudatus Thaxter Zeros sp. (sub Ilythea) Diptera: Ephydridae Thaxter 1931 Ilytheomyces subinflatus Thaxter Zeros sp. (sub Ilythea) Diptera: Ephydridae Thaxter 1931 12 Laboulbenia appendiculata Arndt et Desender Bradycellus insularis Reichartd Coleoptera: Carabidae Arndt & Desender 2002 Laboulbenia ecitonis Blum Ecitophya gracillima Mann Coleoptera: Staphylinidae + Eciton hamatum (Fabricius) Hymenoptera: Formicidae Rossi 1991 Laboulbenia encaustis Sugiyama et T. Majewski Encaustes praenobilis Lewis ? Coleoptera: Erotylidae Sugiyama & Majewski 1987 Laboulbenia fasciculata Peyritsch (sub L. variabilis Thaxter) Megacephala fulgida Klug Coleoptera: Cicindelidae Thaxter 1908 Laboulbenia flagellata Peyritsch various species of the Carabidae Coleoptera: Carabidae Arndt & Desender 2002 Laboulbenia galapagoensis Arndt et Desender Tachys spp. Coleoptera: Carabidae Arndt & Desender 2002 Laboulbenia inflata Thaxter Bradycellus spp. Coleoptera: Carabidae Arndt & Desender 2002 Laboulbenia mexicana Thaxter Galerita sp. Coleoptera: Carabidae Thaxter 1908 Laboulbenia minimalis Thaxter Galerita sp. Coleoptera: Carabidae Thaxter 1908 Laboulbenia orthomi Thaxter unidentified Carabidae Coleoptera: Carabidae Colla 1926 Laboulbenia parvula Thaxter unidentified Carabidae Coleoptera: Carabidae Colla 1926 Laboulbenia polyphaga Thaxter Pelmatellus variipes Bates Coleoptera: Carabidae Thaxter 1908 Laboulbenia sanjoaquina Arndt et Desender Platynus spp. Coleoptera: Carabidae Arndt & Desender 2002 Laboulbenia trichognati Thaxter Trichognathus marginipennis Latr. Coleoptera: Carabidae Spegazzini 1917 Laboulbenia triordinata Thaxter unidentified Carabidae Coleoptera: Carabidae Colla 1926 Polyandromyces coptosomalis Thaxter unidentified Plataspidae Heteroptera: Plataspidae Benjamin 1967 Rhachomyces velatus Thaxter Selenophorus irideus Reiche Coleoptera: Carabidae Balazuc 1978 Rickia cf. minuta Paoli Megalolaelaps hirtus Berlese Acarina: Pachylaelaptidae Paoli 1911 Stigmatomyces drapetis Thaxter Drapetis rectinerva Melander Diptera: Empididae Thaxter 1931 the Rio Guendá, 18-20 September1996, Walter Integral Otonga, on leaves of Croton, 79°00.1’W Rossi, on ventral parts of Ardistomis shaumii 0°25.1’S, 16 April 2006, Italo Tapia, on the elytra LeConte. of Diomus sp. (Coccinellidae). Remarks. The present records are the first for Remarks. The appendage of the examined South America. In the thalli growing on ventral Ecuadorian thalli bears usually three, rarely two portions of the host insects, the appendages are or four antheridia; the number of antheridia longer and more numerous compared with those reported in the original description is 1-3 of the thalli observed on the dorsal areas of the (Thaxter 1931). The present Ecuadorian record is same insects; perithecia are also different: in the the first for South America. thalli growing on the ventral portions. these are more elliptical and lack the subterminal elevation. Laboulbenia bruchii (Spegazzini) Thaxter 56 (fig. 16) Hesperomyces coccinelloides (Thaxter) Thaxter (fig. 3) Distribution. A common and widespread American species, reported so far from Argentina, Distribution. On "minute coccinellid allied to Brazil and Central America on various species of Scymnus" from the West Indies (Grenada, Lema and allied genera (Chrysomelidae: Trinidad & Jamaica), the Philippines, and Borneo Criocerinae) (Balazuc 1988). 7 (Thaxter 1917); on Scymnus tardus Mulsant from New record from Ecuador. Pichincha, Santo Panama (Thaxter 1931); on an unidentified coc- Domingo de Los Colorados, La Unión del Toachi, 8 cinellid from the USA (Benjamin 1989); on Otongachi Natural Reserve, alt. about 800 m, Figs. 1-2. Dimeromyces nanomasculus; 1: male thallus from metasternum; 2: female thallus from elytra. Fig. 3. Hesperomyces Scymnus sp. from Spain (Santamaria 1995). 00°19’15.1”S 78°57’06.0”W, 21-30 July 2005, coccinelloides. Fig. 4. Monoicomyces invisibilis. Figs. 5-6. Mimeomyces latonae. Fig. 7. Rhachomyces longissimus. New record from Ecuador. Cotopaxi, Cantón Walter Rossi, on various parts of the body of two Fig. 8. Rhachomyces philonthinus. Scale bar: 50 µm. Sigchos, San Francisco de Las Pampas, Bosque specimens of Neolema plumbea (Chevrolat).

12 13 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 39-66 World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy. ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0 Annotated list of the Caelifera of Ecuador (Insecta: Orthoptera)*** Filippo Maria Buzzetti* - Giovanni Carotti**

*Università di Padova, Dip. Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali – Entomologia, Agripolis Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro (PD) (Italy). [email protected] **Via Clementina 26, I-60031 Castelplanio (AN), (Italy). *** Results of the WBA Program “Biological Research in South America”. Second contribution.

Abstract Ecuadorean Caelifera, which was 1998 The list of Caelifera of Ecuador, resulting in 216 spe- (Amedegnato & Poulain, 1998). cific and subspecific taxa, 117 genera and 10 families, The first study comprehensive of the is given. For each species and subspecies is listed a Orthopteroid insects of Ecuador was made by short synonymy, distribution in Ecuador, general dis- Giglio Tos (1898) based on material collected by tribution and type locality when in Ecuador. the Italian naturalist Enrico Festa (1868-1939). The next contribution of note was made by Key words: Checklist, type locality, type depository, Hebard (1924), although this covered all Ecuador, Orthoptera, Caelifera. Orthopteroid groups. Since Hebard’s publication, few studies have focused on the Caelifera of Resumen Ecuador. Descriptions of new genera and species Se realiza un listado de los Caelifera de Ecuador, y can be found in many groups within the como resultado se han catalogado 216 táxones espe- Neotropical Caelifera fauna, mostly notably by cíficos y subespecíficos que pertenecen a 117 géneros the workers: Descamps, Carbonell, Günther, y 10 familias. En cada una de las especies y subespe- Ronderos and Amedegnato & Poulain. The fra- cies se aporta un corto apartado sinonímico, de dis- mework of the list presented here, is primarily tribución en Ecuador, de distribución general en the papers by the Ecuadorean entomologist América y la localidad típica si es de Ecuador. Francisco R. Campos (1921, 1923, 1926) where taxonomic information was available on Palabras clave: Catálogo, localidad típica, depositario Ecuadorean Orthoptera. The most recent contri- del tipo, Ecuador, Orthoptera, Caelifera. bution to the Galápagos Islands fauna is the com- prehensive list and identification key provided Introduction by Peck (2001). The fauna and flora of Ecuador is one of the The present list was compiled on the basis of most interesting of the New World. Since the the existing literature of Neotropical Caelifera rising of the Andean Cordillera is relatively and data obtained through the authors’ own recent and complex, a large amount of speciation expeditions. The taxonomy used is that adopted events took place in this area, probably due to for the Neotropical Caelifera and follows the dispersion and vicariance events. One of the works of C. Amedegnato and C. Carbonell. After major consequences of this is that the fauna of the name of each species, a brief synonymy is Ecuador is particularly rich and interesting. provided, including citations of the most impor- Biological studies in this region always produce tant papers for Ecuador and the taxon. Species interesting results, not only for taxonomy, but distributions are given for Ecuador, adopting the also with regard to the evolution, speciation, bio- four categories Amazon, Andes, Coastal Plains geography and related topics. and Galapagos, then a general distribution Within the entomological research, the orthop- listing the countries where the species has been terological studies in Ecuador, as in the whole of recorded. Lastly, the notes or remarks field, is the Neotropics, has undergone a renaissance used to give further information such as the type since the last century, so that the Neotropical locality (if in Ecuador) and type depository. fauna, is at present reasonably well known, at least at the higher taxa level and some regional Museums abbreviation list: faunas. This actually enhances the possibility to ANSP (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia) gain a better knowledge of the faunal composi- BMNH (British Museum of Natural History, London) tion in the country as to reach conclusions on the CAS (California Academy of Science, San Francisco) biogeogaphical events and aspects of the MCZ (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Neotropical fauna. University) The fauna of Ecuadorean Acridomorpha is MHNG (Muséum d'histoire naturelle de la Ville de mainly known on the basis of not recent studies, Genève, Switzerland) compared to the most recent contribution on MIZT (University of Torino, Italy)

39 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 39-66 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 39-66

MNCN (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid) Distribution in Ecuador: Coastal plains. MNHN (Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris) General distribution: Ecuador, Costa Rica, Colombia. MTD (Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlung Notes or remarks: Type locality: Azuay, Rio Pescado. Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde) Type depository: ANSP. MZLU (Museum of Zoology Lund University) NHRS (Naturhistorika Riksmuseet, Stockholm) Ripipteryx paraprocessata Günther, 1989 NMW (Naturhistorisches Museums Wien) Ripipteryx paraprocessata Günther, 1989: 361. PAN (Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw) Distribution in Ecuador: Andes. PUCE (Pontificia Universidad Catòlica del Ecuador, Quito) General distribution: Ecuador. SMTD (Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden) Notes or remarks: Type locality: Azuay, Cerro UCME (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España) Tinajillas. Type depository: ANSP. UMMZ (University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor) Ripipteryx processata Günther, 1969 UMO (University Museum, Oxford University, Oxford) Ripipteryx processata Günther, 1969: 259. USNM (US National Museum, Washington) Ripipteryx processata; Günther, 1989: 363. ZMHB (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt Distribution in Ecuador: Andes. Universität, Berlin) General distribution: Ecuador. Fig. 2. Tetrigidae: Batrachydea mucronata, La Mayronga Fig. 3. Tetrigidae: Eomorphopus antennatus, Yasuni Scientific ZMUH (Zoologisches Museum der Universität, Hamburg) Notes or remarks: Type locality: Pichincha, (photo G. Carotti). Station (photo G. Carotti). ZSMH (Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Cotocollao. Type depository: UMMZ. Museum, Universität Hamburg) Ripipteryx trimaculata Günther, 1969 Ripipteryx trimaculata Günther, 1969: 289. - SPECIES LIST - Rhipipteryx trimaculata Günther, 1980: 157. Distribution in Ecuador: Coastal plains Fam. Ripipterygidae General distribution: Ecuador. Subfam. Ripipteryginae Notes or remarks: Type locality: Pichilingue, Los Rios. Type depository: CAS. Gen. Mirhipipteryx Günther, 1969 Fam. Tridactylidae Mirhipipteryx columbiana tenaensis Günther, 1969 Subfam. Tridactylinae Mirhipipteryx columbiana tenaensis Günther, 1969: 407. Distribution in Ecuador: Amazonia. Gen. Neotridactylus Günther 1972 General distribution: Ecuador. Notes or remarks: Type locality: Napo-Pastaza, Prov. Neotridactylus apicialis (Say, 1825) Dos Rios, 2 km NE of Tena. Type depository: UMMZ. Tridactylus apicialis Say, 1825: 310. Tridactylus apiclalis (sic!); Hebard, 1924b: 226. Gen. Ripipteryx Newman, 1834 Neotridactylus apicialis; Günther, 1994: 7. Fig. 4. Eumastacidae sp., Baños (photo G. Carotti). Distribution in Ecuador: Coastal plains. Ripipteryx antennata Hebard, 1924 Rhipipteryx antennata Hebard, 1924b: 226. Rhipipteryx antennata; Günther, 1980: 153. Rhipipteryx antennata; Otte, 1978: 26. Distribution in Ecuador: Coastal Plains General distribution: Ecuador. Notes or remarks: Type locality: Azuay, Rio Pescado, 438 m. Type depository: ANSP.

Ripipteryx ecuadoriensis Günther, 1962 Rhipipteryx ecuadoriensis Günther, 1962: 251. Distribution in Ecuador: Andes. General distribution: Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia. Notes or remarks: Type locality: Ecuador. Type depo- sitory: ZMHB.

Ripipteryx nodicornis Hebard, 1924 Rhipipteryx nodicornis Hebard, 1924b: 228. Rhipipteryx nodicornis; Otte, 1978: 26. Fig. 1. Ripipterygidae sp., Otonga Natural Reserve (photo P. Fig. 5. Proscopidae: Microcoema acuminata, Guayllabamba Fig. 6. Pyrgomorphidae: Omura congrua, Santiago (photo G. Rhipipteryx nodicornis; Günther, 1980: 156. Tirello). (photo G. Carotti). Carotti). Rhipipteryx nodicornis; Günther, 1994: 30.

40 41 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 77-80 World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy. ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0 Bembidion (Ecuadion) agonoides n. sp. from Ecuador (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiina) Augusto Vigna Taglianti* - Luca Toledano**

* Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università La Sapienza, Viale dell’Universita, 32, I-00185 Roma (Italia). [email protected] ** Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 9, I-37129 Verona (Italia). [email protected]

Abstract characterized by an elongate process, bent to the Bembidion (Ecuadion) agonoides n.sp., from slopes of right. the Andes of Northern Ecuador, at middle altitude, is In some cases the sharing of a flagellum in the described. The new species is readily distinguishable endophallus has been considered a character from others of the chimborazonum group of species by with plesiomorphic significance (Lindroth, 1976). its large size, habitus, metallic green colour and espe- This observation could give to the character cially the shape of the aedeagus and the inner sac. shown by B. sanctaemarthae too a plesiomorphic significance, therefore allowing to include the Key words: Bembidion, Ecuadion, neotropical region, species in the same subgenus as the other mem- Ecuador, taxonomy bers of the chimborazonum group.

Resumen Materials and Methods Se describe Bembidion (Ecuadion) agonoides n.sp., This paper is based on the study of 34 specimens proveniente de las cadenas montañosas de los Andes belonging to the species herewith described. Sources en el norte del Ecuador, a media altitud. La nueva of material are the collections of the following insti- especie es facilmente identificable de las otras del tutions and specialists: grupo chimborazonum por su gran tamaño, aspecto CC Coll. Casale, Torino, Italy general, color verde metálico y especialmente por la CTVR Coll. Toledano, Verona, Italy morfologia del edeago y de las piezas copulatrices del CVT Coll. Vigna Taglianti, Roma, Italy saco interno. The measurements, made with a Leica MZ12 stereo- binocular microscope at 25 x (body) and 100 x Palabras clave: Bembidion, Ecuadion, región Neotropi- (median lobes of aedeagi), are expressed in the text cal, Ecuador, taxonomía by these abbreviations: pw/pl pronotum width / pronotum length ratio Introduction el/ew elytral length / elytral width ratio The aim of this paper is the description of ew/pw elytral width / pronotum width ratio Bembidion (Ecuadion) agonoides n.sp., one of the The body length has been measured from front margin largest Bembidion species of Southern America. of clypeus to the apex of elytra, and the antennal length The systematics of the subgenus Ecuadion from base of the antennomere 1 to the apex of 11. Moret & Toledano, 2002 still is unclear, due to the The dissections were made using standard techni- extreme polymorphism of the species in spite of ques; genitalia and small parts were preserved in the relative homogeneity in the endophallic Euparal, on acetate labels fixed on the same pins as structure. While waiting for a better understan- the specimens. ding of this argument, perhaps based on the The drawing of the habitus was made using mixed molecular studies, we attribute B. agonoides n.sp. technique (water colour- body colour). to the subg. Ecuadion as currently known, and Photographs of aedeagus and spermatheca are com- more precisely to the chimborazonum Bates, 1891 posite images with progressive focusing obtained species group. This group, including species with a Nikon D200 digital camera fitted to a micro- extremely similar to one another in habitus scope built by one of the authors (L.T), processed on (Moret & Toledano, 2002, Moret, 2005), seems to a Macintosh Mac Book Pro computer with Helicon show an apparent polyphyly due to the presence Focus ® 3.61 program and then optimized with of a pair of elongate sclerites in the endophallus Photoshop® Elements 3.0 on the same computer. of one of its species, Bembidion sanctaemarthae Darlington, 1934, while the remaining species Bembidion (Ecuadion) agonoides n.sp. share the normal structure of the male genitalia of Ecuadion, i.e. endophallus with two main packs Type locality. Ecuador, Napo, 2430 m, 1 Km W Cuyuja. of sclerites, both more or less of the same size, Type series. Holotype: 6, "Ecuador, Napo 2430m, 1 the more ventral one surrounding the dorsal one Km W Cuyuja, 4.XII.1996 A. Vigna leg.” (CVT). from the right side, and apex of the aedeagus Paratypes: 3 66 2 11, same collecting data as the

77 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 77-80 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 77-80 holotype (CVT, CTVR); 3 11, "Ecuador, Napo 2430 S.ta Barbara – La Bonita, 25.7.98, 2450 m. L. Tapia, less sagittally oriented, and which seems in ana- Ecuador, known only from three localities in the m, 1 Km W Cuyuja, 9.XII.1996 A.Vigna leg.” (CVT); 2 nocte ambulans 20h–22h” (CTVR). logy with the dorsal sclerite of Bembidion provinces of Napo, Cotopaxi and Sucumbios, in 66 2 11, "Ecuador, Napo 2550 m, 1 Km W Cuyuja, (Ecuadion) sanctaemarthae Darlington, 1934 (see the Cordillera Real (Oriental), in the Cordillera 21.V.1997 A. Di Giulio leg.” (CVT); 5 66 4 11, same Diagnosis Toledano, 2008) and the other few species of the Occidental de los Andes and in the Cordillera del locality and date, A. Vigna leg. (CVT, CC). A very large species (6.24 to 7.68 mm) with the subgenus sharing the presence of an elongate Mirador, between 1500 and 2600 m of altitude. Additional examined material. 2 11, “Ecuador, typical habitus of the chimborazonum group, dorsal sclerite. Cotopaxi, tra Las Pampas e Otonga, 1500–2000 m somewhat reminiscent of species of the genus Female genitalia (fig. 4). Strongly sclerotized Ecological notes 30.V.1997, A. Di Giulio leg. (CVT); 3 66 5 11, Agonum Bonelli, 1810. reservoir of spermatheca pyriforme, apparently The first specimens were collected in 1996, “Ecuador, Cotopaxi, tra Otonga e Las Pampas, divided in two cavities, with a long tubular gland December (A.Vigna Taglianti and F. Cassola), 2000–1500 m 1.VI.1997, A. Di Giulio & I. Tapia leg. Description and a poorly sclerotized duct, ending with a non- near Cuyuja (Napo), about 15 km East of (CVT, CTVR); 1 6, “Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Foresta di Length 6.24 to 7.68 mm (fig. 1). Dark, metallic sclerotized annulus receptaculi. Papallacta, along the valley of Rio Papallacta, at Otonga 2000 at light, 30/31.V.1997, A. Di Giulio & I. green, elytra matt, rest of integument more shi- middle altitude (2430 m) in the Cordillera Real Tapia leg.” (CVT); 1 6, “Ecuador, Sucumbios, km 9 ning, appendages dark brown, femora darker, Etymology de los Andes (Oriental), walking on a vertical often with faint metallic reflections. Head wide The name of the species is due to the habitus, clay cliff, muddy and bare, on the left bank of the with strong mandibles, very long penultimate to the naked eye similar to species of the genus river. This cliff was frequented, together with the article of maxillary palps. Eyes convex, frontal Agonum Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, new species, by Pseudoxycheila nitidicollis furrows rather deep and parallel, not extending Agonini). Cassola, 1997 (see Cassola, 1997: 30 and 114, to the clypeus, ending at base with some trans- photo 107, made in the sampling site), verse rugosities. Antennomeres elongate (bl / al = Distribution Pelmatellus columbianus (Reiche, 1843) (CVT, see 1.51 to 1.61). The new species is endemic in Northern Moret, 2005: 191) and abundant Orthoptera Pronotum (pw/pl = 1.21) (ew/pw = 1.59 to 1.67) convex and strongly cordiform, sides strongly sinuate before the sharp right-angled posterior angles, lateral channel rather wide, basal foveae square and relatively deep, laterally delimited by an evident laterobasal carina, median line super- ficial but visible, anterior transverse impression corrugated by longitudinal rugosity, basal trans- verse impression deep. Basal margin slightly arcuate with posterior convexity, narrower than anterior one. Metaventral process unbordered. Elytra (el/ew = 1.58 to 1.65) strongly convex 3 with square shoulders, sides rather rounded. Elytral striae 1 to 7 very finely punctate and rea- ching apex, parascutellar striola long, punctate, apical stria deep, with a seta in the middle, con- nected with the apical end of stria 7. Two discal elytral pores in the middle of third interval. Microsculpture on elytra in small, rather flat, almost isodiametric sculpticells, very evident in the females, sligtly more superficial in the males. Elsewhere with traces of sculpticells, isodiame- tric on head and more transverse on pronotum, always very superficial. Male genitalia (figs. 2, 3). Phallus very large in size (about 2 mm long), with external shape simi- lar to that of the phallus of B. chimborazonum Bates, 1891 for the presence of a ventral gibbo- sity in the apical third. Actually in the case of B. agonoides the gibbosity is much more evident and, together with the strong concavity of the ventral margin, with maximum at the basal third, forms an evidently “S–shaped” ventral margin. 2 4 The apex is strongly bent ventrally. Endophallus with dorsal sclerite showing an elongate process Fig. 1. Bembidion agonoides n.sp., male paratype, 21.V.1997, which is about one third the length of the whole Figs 2-4. Left view of the median lobe of the aedeagus of B. agonoides n.sp., holotype. (2) and paratype (3); spermatheca of a female A. Vigna leg. (illustration by Niccolò Falchi). Scale bar: 1 mm. phallus, apparently originating from the scleroti- paratype (4). Scale bars: 0,5 mm. (photographs by Luca Toledano, drawings by Niccolò Falchi). zation of the central part of a membrane more or

78 79 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 131-171 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 131-171 missionis n. sp., T. patarcochae n. sp., T. wachuco- (CGi); 3 6611, Chile, Coquinbo, Los Vilos, tions north of the Hielo Continental Sur belong Trechisibus australis australis Jeannel, 1920: Jeannel, chae n. sp., T. yanamensis n. sp. and T. chacasinus 10.III.1986 (CGi); 2 6611, Chile, Santiago, El to the nominate subspecies. Etonti & Mateu 1927: 36. n. sp., which should be attributed to different Canelo, X-XII.1978, coll. L. Peña (CGi); 1 1, Chile, (1998) confirm the presence of the nominate sub- Trechisibus australis patagonicus Jeannel, 1920: subgenera on the base of the number of discal Santiago, El Melocotón, 28.9.1954, Coll. L. Peña species in Argentina (Chubut, Lago Verde). Jeannel, 1927: 36. setae on elytra, the close morphological affinities (MNHS); 8 6611, Perales, XI.29 (MNHS); 1 1, Trechisibus aeneus subsp. delphini Jeannel, 1930: 79. appear evident and in particular the similarity of Santiago, Lo Curro, 17.VIII.1968. Coll. L. Alfaro Trechisibus nigripennis australis Trechisibus australis lacustris Jeannel, 1958: 723. the copulatory piece is striking. An analysis (MNHS). (Jeannel, 1920) Trechisibus (s. str.) levatus Jeannel, 1927: Jeannel, based on literature including the other 1962: 566. Trechisibus recorded from Peru showed the pre- Distribution and ecology Trechus australis Jeannel, 1920: 101. Trechisibus (s. str.) aisenensis Jeannel, 1962: 569. sence of a similar copulatory piece also in other This species is widespread in Central Chile, Trechus patagonicus Jeannel, 1920: 102. Trechisibus (s. str.) australis australis Jeannel, 1920: species attributed to three different subgenera: from the Coquimbo Province southwards until the Trechisibus levatus Jeannel, 1927: 35. Jeannel, 1962: 569. Trechisibiellus (infuscatus Mateu, 1978, quieroco- Bio-Bio Province. Etonti & Mateu (1998) confirm chensis Mateu, 1978, gonzalesi Etonti & Mateu, its presence in Argentina (Chubut, Lago Verde). 1992 and rarianus Etonti & Mateu, 1996), Trechisibiodes (pascoensis Mateu, 1978, lacunensis << T. nigripennis group>> Mateu, 1978 and valenciai Etonti & Mateu, 1992) and Trechisibus (amplipennis Etonti & Mateu, Trechisibus nigripennis nigripennis 1996). The count of the discal setae of a relevant (Solier, 1849) number of specimens of T. missionis n. sp. (59 66 and 32 11) showed the high variability of this Trechus politus var. a nigripennis Solier, 1849: 154. character, with males bearing more setae in com- Trechus parvicollis Putzeys, 1870: 170. parison with females, although this difference is Trechisibus solieri Reed, 1874: 12. 1 4 not statistically significant (table 4). Trechisibus solieri Reed, 1874: Jeannel, 1927: 30. Following these data, the validity of this charac- Trechisibus aeneus Motschoulsky, 1862: Jeannel, 1927: ter appears inconsistent, especially when applied 28. to taxonomical purposes in the genus Trechisibus. Trechisibus femoralis Jeannel, 1927: 31. For this reason, awaiting a modern global revi- Trechisibus femoralis var. a nigripennis Solier, 1849: sion of the whole phyletic lineage (not only of the Jeannel, 1927: 32. genus Trechisibus), in this article we prefer to Trechisibus parvicollis Putzeys, 1870: Jeannel, 1927: 33. refer to a simple subdivision in species groups, Trechisibus chilensis Csiki, 1928: 238. which have been already correctly characterized, Trechisibus (s. str.) nigripennis Solier, 1849: Jeannel, at least partially, by the different Authors (Mateu 1962: 564. 5 & Negre, 1972, Etonti & Mateu, 1992, 1996, 1998). Trechisibus (s. str.) araucanus Jeannel, 1962: 562. Trechisibus (s. str.) angularis Jeannel, 1962: 565. << T. laevissimus group>> Trechisibus (s. str.) angularis Jeannel, 1962: 566. Trechisibus (Trechisibus) nigripennis nigripennis Solier, 2 Trechisibus laevissimus (Putzeys, 1870) 1849: Mateu & Negre, 1972: 58. Trechisibus (Trechisibus) nigripennis (Solier, 1849): Trechus politus Brullé in Blanchard & Brullé, 1842: 43. Etonti & Mateu, 1998: 71. Trechus laevissimus Putzeys, 1870: 169. Trechisibus (Trechisibus) nigripennis nigripennis Trechus proximus Putzeys, 1870: 169. (Solier, 1849): Lorenz, 2005: 170. Trechus panamensis Putzeys, 1870: 172 Trechisibus (s. str.) nigripennis (Solier, 1849): Avon, 6 Trechisibus politus Brullé, 1842: Jeannel, 1927: 28. 2007b: 387. Trechisibus panamensis Putzeys, 1870: Jeannel, 1927: 34. Trechisibus aeneus Jeannel, 1930: 79. Examined material Trechisibus (s. str.) politus Brullé, 1842: Jeannel, 1962: 55 2 66, Chile, Coquinbo, Los Molles, 13.III.1988 (CGi); Trechisibus (s. str.) politus var. proximus Putzeys, 1870: 1 1, Chile, Maule, Constitución (MNHS); 1 1, Chile, Jeannel, 1962: 559. Curico, Quebrada Mala, 32 km E Molina, 2.Nov.1991, Trechisibus (Trechisibus) politus Brullé, 1842: Mateu & leg. M. Elgueta (MNHS); 10 6611, Chile, Rio Negre, 1972: 67. Clarillo, 900 m, 29.X.54 (MNHS); 4 6611, Santiago Trechisibus (Trechisibus) politus var. proximus Putzeys, (MNHS); 1 1, Argentina, Neuquen, S. Martin d. L.A., 3 1870: Mateu & Negre, 1972: 67. 10.2.1999, leg. R. Sciaky (CSc); 1 1 Argentina, Trechisibus (Trechisibus) laevissimus (Putzeys, 1870): Neuquen, L. Hechulafquen, 11.2.1999, legit R. Sciaky 7 Lorenz, 2005: 170. (CSc). Trechisibus (s. str.) politus Brullé, 1842: Avon, 2007b: 376. Distribution and ecology Figs. 1-7. Aedeagus variability in T. nigripennis australis (Jeannel), specimens from: 1) Peninsula Antonio Varas (P.to Natales); 2) Chorillo Mateu & Negre (1972) examined this species in Tres Puentes (Punta Arenas); 3, 4) Pampa Alta, P.N. Tierra del Fuego (Ushuaia); 5) Tolhuin, Lago Fagnano (Tierra del Fuego); 6) Pto. Examined material depth, pointing out its high morphological varia- Williams, Isla Navarino; 7) Isla Bertrand. Scale bar: 0.1 mm. 14 6611, Chile, Coquinbo, Los Molles, 13.III.1988 bility. According to these Authors, all the popula-

134 135 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 131-171 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 131-171

Trechisibus (s. str.) australis patagonicus Jeannel, 1920: Natales, 30.I.1974 (CGi) ; 1 6, Chorillo Tres Puentes, Trechisibus oreobates Jeannel, 1962 Trechisibus daccordii n. sp. Jeannel, 1962: 569. 15.XI.60, T. Cekalovic (MNHS); 1 6, Argentina, Tierra (Figs. 8, 10, 12-14, 16) Trechisibus (s. str.) australis lacustris Jeannel, 1958: del Fuego, Tolhuin, Lago Fagnano m 20, 15.XII.2003, Trechisibus (s. str.) oreobates Jeannel, 1962: 567. Jeannel, 1962: 570. P.M. Giachino leg. (CGi); 5 66 7 11, Argentina, Trechisibus (Trechisibus) oreobates Jeannel, 1962: Loc. typ.: Chile, P.N. Torres del Paine, Laguna Trechisibus (Trechisibus) nigripennis australis Jeannel, Tierra del Fuego, P.N. Tierra del Fuego, Pampa Alta, Mateu & Negre, 1972: 67. Amarga, m 90. 1920: Mateu & Negre, 1972: 58. m 300, 13.XII.2003, P.M. Giachino leg. (CAl, CGi); 1 6 Trechisibus (Trechisibus) oreobates Jeannel, 1962: Trechisibus (Trechisibus) nigripennis australis (Jeannel, 1 1, Chile, Isla Navarino, Pto. Williams m 50, Lorenz, 2005: 170. Type series: HT 6, Chile, P.N. Torres del Paine, Laguna 1920): Lorenz, 2005: 170. 7.XII.2003, M. Daccordi leg. (CGi); 1 6 3 11, Chile, Trechisibus (s. str.) oreobates Jeannel, 1962: Avon, Amarga, m 90, 19.XII.2003, P.M. Giachino leg. (MNHS). Trechisibus (s. str.) nigripennis australis (Solier, 1849): Isla Navarino, Isla Bertrand m 20, 6.XII.2003, P.M. 2007b: 385. PTT: 3 66 7 11, Chile, P.N. Torres del Paine, Laguna Avon, 2007b: 388. Giachino leg. (CAl, CGi); 11 6611, Argentina, Amarga, m 90, 19.XII.2003, P. M. Giachino leg.; 1 6, Tierra del Fuego, Glaciar Martial, 20.2.1999, legit R. Examined material Chile, P.N. Torres del Paine, Send. Chileno, m 250, Examined material Sciaky (CSc, CGi, CAl); 15 6611, Argentina, Tierra 2 66, Chile, Coquinbo, Los Vilos, 10.III.1986 (CGi). 19.XII.2003, M. Daccordi leg. (CCa, CAl, CGi, CSc) 1 6, Chile, P.to Natales, Pen. Ant. Varas, XII.2003, M. del Fuego, Est Harberton, 21.2.1999, legit R. Sciaky Daccordi leg. (CGi); 1 6, Chile, Pr. Magallanes, P.to (CSc, CGi, CAl). Distribution Diagnosis This species is spread in Central Chile: Valdivia A Trechisibus close to T. rectangulus Jeannel on Distribution and ecology and Coquinbo Provinces (Jeannel, 1962; Mateu & account of the body general shape, with a late- The subspecies australis of T. nigripennis is wide- Negre, 1972). rally oblique base of pronotum, and of the mor- spread both in Chilean and in Argentinean Patagonia, south of Hielo Continental Sur (fig. 8). The records reported in this article indicate the Navarino Island and the Bertrand Island as its extreme southern limits. The analysis of the exter- nal morphology of different populations, in spite of a relatively constant similarity in the aedeagal morphology (figs. 1-7), shows a high variability in characters such as the eye size, the shape of the hind angles of pronotum, the shape of the elytra and the depth of the elytral striae. T. nigripennis australis was collected in shrub litter (Peninsula Antonio Varas, P.N. Tierra del Fuego, Isla Navarino, Isla Bertrand), in gravel shores of lakes (Fagnano Lake) and under stones in steppic environments (Isla Bertrand, P.N. Tierra del Fuego) (fig. 9). Fig. 8. South Patagonia. Distribution map of: T. nigripennis australis ( ); T. daccordii n. sp. ( ); T. antarcticus racovitzai ().

10 11

Fig. 9. Tierra del Fuego National Park (Argentina), Pampa Alta, m 300: collecting site of T. nigripennis australis. (Photo: P.M. Giachino). Figs. 10-11. 10) Habitus of Trechisibus spp.: T. daccordii n. sp. HT 6. 11) T. rectangulus Jeannel HT 6. Scale bar: 1 mm.

136 137 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 131-171 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 131-171

Pronotum definitely wider than head, transver- ded. Striae vestigial and hardly visible; the first Trechisibus (Trechisibiodes) lamasi Etonti & Mateu, polygonal meshes more distinct at base and se (PW/PL: 1.29-1.38 66; 1.25-1.33 11), widest one a little more impressed than the other on the 1992: Lorenz, 2005: 170. vanishing on clypeus, which is smooth and shiny. just before middle. Base wider than anterior mar- whole length of elytra; The eighth stria deeply Trechisibus (Trechisibiorites) lamasi Etonti & Mateu, Clypeus distinctly convex at base, with two apical gin. Sides not or hardly sinuate before base, impressed in the apical half. Apical recurrent 1992: Avon, 2007b: 503. setae on each side. Frontal furrows deep and which is concave and scarcely oblique near hind striole with a remarkable apical carina. Ventral complete, gently curved. Eyes a little reduced angles; these ones are right or a little produced parts with scarce and delicate pubescence. Anal Examined material and hardly convex. outwards. Front angles rounded and only just sternite with a pair of setae in 66, two pairs in 1 6 5 11, Perú, Ancash, Cordillera Blanca, prov. de Genae slightly oblique, glabrous, about 2/3 as advanced. Microsculpture more evident near 11. Legs slender. Protibiae nearly straight, pube- Yungay, Yanama, località Huaripampa, m 3800, long as eyes. Neck constriction laterally evident, base, consisting in polygonal meshes, and less scent in the apical half and not externally groo- 30.XI.2005, G. Allegro leg.; 2 66 Perú, Ancash, but scarcely marked in the dorsal part. Polygonal marked on disk and at sides, where it consists in ved. Tarsi pubescent on the upper side; two first Cordillera Blanca, prov. de Yungay, Yanama, località microsculpture on neck a little more evident than transversal meshes. Lateral margins broad and protarsal segments asimmetrically dilated in 66. Jacabamba, m 3800, 1.XII.2005 G. Allegro leg. (CAl, on head. Labrum transverse, with deeply emargi- posteriorly widened; lateral anterior seta inser- Chaetotaxis: juxtascutellar pore present; a single CGi). nated apex; mandibles stout. Antennae slender, ted at about 3/4 from base. Transverse basal setiferous dorsal pore in the third stria, placed hardly less long than half of the body. Third impression strongly impressed and continuous, about at basal third; preapical pore placed about Distribution and ecology antennal segment sligthly longer than fourth, joining the deep basal foveae. Median line dis- at middle between recurrent striole and suture. T. lamasi was so far recorded only from two sites which is as long as second. tinct and widened at base, under the transverse Aedeagus (fig. 35) stout (length 1.30-1.35 mm), in Cordillera Blanca: Chinchay Pampa (Quebrada Pronotum definitely wider than head, transver- impression. Discal surface gently convex at base with large basal bulb; median lobe, in lateral Paron) and Chinacocha (Quebrada Llanganuco) se (PW/PL: 1.36 6), widest about at the anterior between the fovea and the hind angle. view, little curved, with apex long, thin and (Etonti & Mateu, 1992). The new records, both third. Base much wider than anterior margin. Elytra broad, oval, largest after middle, modera- hardly bent upwards. In the dorsal view, the api- from the vicinity of Yanama (fig. 38), extend the tely convex but depressed on disk. Microsculpture cal part of the median lobe appears broadly roun- range of this species a little towards NE. The eco- consisting in polygonal meshes, strong on the ded. The copulatory piece, in lateral view, is thin, logical conditions in these sites were rather dif- whole elytral surface, which is dull or slightly long and corrugated; a smaller phanera, striated ferent: in Huaripampa T. lamasi was collected in shiny. Shoulders rounded. Humeral border angula- and less sclerotized is present in dorsal position the muddy banks of a stream inside a forest, whe- tely continuing inwards about to the base of 5th above the basal half of the piece. Styles narrow reas in Jacabamba it was found on humid soil in stria. Lateral border of elytra wide and sharply and long, the left one longer than the right, rea- alpine grassland (fig. 33). In the latter site T. narrowed backwards ending in the slight preapi- ching the apical third of the median lobe, each lamasi was in sintopy with T. yanamensis n. sp. cal emargination. Elytral tip broad jointly roun- provided with 3-5 apical setae. Trechisibus decensii n. sp. (Figs. 29, 36, 38) Table 9. Trechisibus eleonorae n. sp. Morphometric measures (in mm) of 10 specimens (5 66 and 5 11) of the type series. Loc. typ.: Perú, Ancash, Cordillera Blanca, prov. de 66 TL PW HW PL PA PB EW EL PW/HW PW/PL PW/PA PW/PB EW/PW EL/EW Asunción, Chacas, m 3400. min 6,00 1.53 1.04 1.20 0.94 1.28 2.77 3.85 1.42 1.29 1.55 1.10 1.68 1.35 Type series: HT 6, Perú, Ancash, Cordillera Blanca, max 6.35 1.68 1.19 1.30 1.09 1.48 2.96 4.00 1.56 1.38 1.65 1.19 1.81 1.38 prov. de Asunción, Chacas, boschetto umido, m 3400, mean 6.16 1.63 1.11 1.23 1.02 1.42 2.84 3.88 1.47 1.32 1.60 1.15 1.75 1.36 17.XI.2005, G. Allegro leg. (CAl). 11 TL PW HW PL PA PB EW EL PW/HW PW/PL PW/PA PW/PB EW/PW EL/EW min 5.66 1.48 1.04 1.19 0.99 1.28 2.52 3.51 1.43 1.25 1.48 1.10 1.65 1.37 Diagnosis A 3.93 mm long, distinguishable by max 6.20 1.68 1.14 1.28 1.14 1.53 2.81 3.90 1.52 1.33 1.60 1.17 1.70 1.42 Trechisibus its transverse pronotum and ample elytra with mean 5.99 1.60 1.08 1.22 1.04 1.40 2.68 3.73 1.49 1.31 1.54 1.14 1.67 1.40 obliterate striae. It is close to Trechisibus lamasi TL = total length; PW = greatest width of pronotum; HW = greatest width of head; PL = length of pronotum, measured along the mid- Etonti & Mateu, 1992 on account of the shape of line; PA = width of pronotal anterior margin; PB = width of pronotal base; EW = greatest width of elytra; EL = greatest length of elytra the median lobe of the aedeagus, which is broadly hooked at apex; it differs from this spe- cies in the larger size, in the median lobe of Etymology through (fig. 30). In these sites T. eleonorae n. sp. aedeagus, which is more stumpy, with the dorsal We wish to dedicate this new species to was collected in sintopy with T. missionis n. sp., part bisinuate and with basal part shorter and Eleonora Costanzo, gentle and patient partner in although much less frequent than the latter. bent at right angle. life and adventure of one of the authors (G.A.). Description Distribution and ecology << T. lamasi group>> Length (from apical margin of labrum to tip of This species is known so far only from a few elytra): mm 3.93 6. Other morphometric measures sites along the road Chacas-Punta Olimpica Pass As far as we know, the species belonging to this group are: in table 10. Body obovate (fig. 29), with small fore- (Quebrada Putaca), in the Huascarán National Trechisibus lamasi Etonti & Mateu, 1992 body in comparison with elytra, which are large Park, Cordillera Blanca (Peru, Dept. of Ancash, Trechisibus decensii n. sp. and ample. Dorsal surface glabrous and faintly Asunción Province) (fig. 38). All the specimens shiny. Metathoracic wings absent. Colour, in matu- were collected under stones laying on rather dry Trechisibus lamasi Etonti & Mateu, 1992 re specimens, brown, with lateral margins of elytra, Fig. 29. Habitus of Trechisibus decensii n. sp. HT 6. Scale bar: soil from 3900 to 4200 m a.s.l., in grazed grass- epipleura, legs, antennae and palpi reddish brown. 1 mm. lands with small ponds and streams running Trechisibus (Trechisibiodes) lamasi Etonti & Mateu, 1992: 109. Head normal, with microsculpture consisting in

154 155 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 131-171 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 131-171

Fig. 30. Peru, Ancash, Cordillera Blanca. The Quebrada Putaca from the Punta Olimpica Pass, loc. typ. of Trechisibus olympicus n. sp. and, at lower altitude, of T. missionis n. sp. and T. eleonorae n. sp. (Photo: Elisa Banfi). Fig. 32. Peru, Ancash, Cordillera Blanca. The Wachucocha lagoon, near San Luis, loc. typ. of Trechisibus wachucochae n. sp. (Photo: Sides slightly and very shortly sinuate before Gianni Allegro). base, which is gently sinuate, not oblique near hind angles; these ones are about right, acumi- nate but not produced outwards. Front angles rounded and not much advanced. Microsculpture more evident near base, consisting in polygonal meshes, and less marked on disk and at sides, where it consists in transversal meshes. Lateral margins broad but hardly widened posteriorly; lateral anterior seta inserted at about 2/3 from base. Basal impression smooth, a little impressed only in the central part, subtrapezoidal, transver- se but discontinuous at sides between the basal foveae, which are small and scarcely evident. Median line distinct and marked also on the transverse impression. Elytra broad, oval, largest about at middle, moderately convex and not depressed on disk. Microsculpture consisting in polygonal meshes, distinct on the whole elytral surface, which is slightly shiny. Shoulders rounded, scarcely visible, with humeral border continuing inwards about to the base of 5th stria. Lateral border of elytra wide and sharply narrowed backwards ending in the slight preapical emargination. Elytral tip broad and not rounded, angular. First to seventh stria obliterate, visible only in basal half; eighth stria Fig. 31. Peru, Ancash, Cordillera Blanca. The Patarcocha slightly impressed only in the apical third; apical recurrent striole short, subrectilinear, ending at lagoon, near Chacas, loc. typ. of Trechisibus patarcochae n. sp. Fig. 33. Peru, Ancash, Cordillera Blanca. The locality Jacabamba, near Yanama, loc. typ. of Trechisibus yanamensis n. sp. (Photo: Gianni level of seventh stria and with a remarkable api- and T. chacasinus n. sp. (Photo: Gianni Allegro). Allegro). cal carina. Chaetotaxis: juxtascutellar pore pre-

156 157 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 201-208 World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy. ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0 Four new species of Diploharpus Chaudoir, 1850 from Ecuador** (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Perigonini) Pierre Moret*

*13 rue Léo Delibes, F – 31200 Toulouse (France). [email protected] ** Results (in part) of the WBA Program “Biological Research in South America”. VIII contribution.

Abstract biotope situated on the western slope of the Diploharpus Chaudoir 1850 is a neotropical genus of the Ecuadorian Andes. carabid tribe Perigonini, widespread in Central and Diploharpus is a conspicuous genus of Perigonine South America from Mexico to Bolivia. Diploharpus carabids, easy to recognize by its elongated mouth- adults are found under barks of dead trees and in rot- parts, convex body and relatively large size. It was ting logs in tropical rainforests and montane subtropi- created by Maximilien de Chaudoir for one spe- cal forests. This work includes descriptions, illustra- cies found in Eastern Brazil, Diploharpus laevissi- tions, and distributional data for four new Ecuadorian mus Chaudoir, 1850 (hence type of the genus). In species: Diploharpus pubescens n. sp. (type locality: three separate papers, Henry Walter Bates Sucumbíos province, El Higuerón, 1850 m), Diploharpus described four species collected by himself in curtulus n. sp., Diploharpus iridescens n. sp., and Brazilian Amazon (D. ebeninus Bates, 1872, D. Diploharpus rossii n. sp. (type locality of these three spe- rubripes Bates, 1872, D. sexstriatus Bates, 1872 cies: Cotopaxi province, Otonga, 1900 to 2000 m). and D. striolatus Bates, 1872), one species from Chontales, Nicaragua (D. exstriatus Bates, 1878), Key words: Taxonomy, new species, Ecuador, Andean and one more species from Guatemala (D. perpoli- subtropical fauna. tus Bates, 1882). He also moved to Diploharpus a mexican species described as Drimostoma mexica- Resumen num by Chevrolat in, 1841. Nothing new was Diploharpus Chaudoir 1850 es un género neotropical published about this genus during more than one de la tribu Perigonini, ampliamente distribuido en century, until Georges G. Perrault described ano- América Central y Suramérica desde México hasta ther two species: D. laevigatus Perrault, 1992 from Bolivia. Los adultos de Diploharpus se encuentran French Guyana and Brazil (Pará), and D. termito- bajo la corteza de los árboles muertos o en troncos philus Perrault, 1992 from French Guyana. In a podridos en el bosque húmedo tropical y en el bos- second contribution published the same year, que montano subtropical. Este trabajo incluye las Perrault designated lectotypes for Chaudoir’s, descripciones, ilustraciones y datos de distribución Bates’ and Chevrolat’s species, and removed D. sex- geográfica de cuatro especies nuevas del Ecuador: striatus Bates, 1872 from Diploharpus to the genus Diploharpus pubescens n. sp. (localidad típica: prov. Perigona Castelnau 1835 (Perrault, 1992 b: 172). As Sucumbíos, El Higuerón, 1850 m), Diploharpus curtu- a result, Diploharpus includes the following nine lus n. sp., Diploharpus iridescens n. sp. y Diploharpus valid described species: rossii n. sp. (localidad típica de las tres últimas: prov. Cotopaxi, Otonga, 1900 a 2000 m). D. ebeninus Bates, 1872 (Amazon and Eastern Ecuador) Palabras clave: Taxonomía, nuevas especies, Ecuador, D. exstriatus Bates, 1878 (Central America, fauna andina subtropical. Mexico) D. laevigatus Perrault, 1992 (Guyana, Amazon) Introduction D. laevissimus Chaudoir, 1850 (Eastern Brazil) The purpose of this paper is twofold. On the D. mexicanus (Chevrolat, 1841) (Mexico, one hand, it is a preliminary contribution to the Central America) taxonomy of Diploharpus Chaudoir 1850, in so far D. perpolitus Bates, 1882 (Central America) as the newly described species reveal a higher D. rubripes Bates, 1872 (Amazon) degree of intrageneric morphological variability D. striolatus Bates, 1872 (Amazon, Bolivia) than expected from the previously known taxa. D. termitophilus Perrault, 1992 (Guyana) On the other hand, these descriptions are inten- ded to provide a taxonomic validation for new Nevertheless, there has been no attempt to revi- species occuring in Otonga Natural Reserve se the genus, not even a comprehensive and upda- (Ecuador, province Cotopaxi), as a means to pre- ted definition of it, or a key to the described spe- pare a comprehensive study of the Carabid cies, since most of the above mentioned descrip- assemblage found in that interesting montane tions were single species treatments in more gene-

201 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 201-208 ral papers treating regional carabid faunas. MCNQ: Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Quito, Ecuador. Some diagnostic elements can be extracted Taxonomic criteria and general working methods fol- from Jeannel’s key to world Perigonini (Jeannel, low those previously described (Moret, 2005). The 1941: 138), from Ball and Reichardt’s key to neo- total body length is measured from apex of longitudi- tropical Carabidae (Reichardt, 1977: 416) and nally extended mandibles to apex of longer elytron. from remarks of Perrault (1992 a) about presence or absence of a sulcus at apex of the 7th elytral Diploharpus pubescens new species stria, but these brief and partial indications do (figs. 1, 7, 10) not support a full definition of the genus. In such conditions, what follows is nothing but a tentati- Type series: HT6, Ecuador, Provincia Sucumbíos, km ve and preliminary diagnosis of Diploharpus: 9 W La Bonita, El Higuerón, 26.VII.1998, 1850 m, leg. Total body length ranging from 5.6 to 10.8 mm, I. Tapia & P. Moret (MNHN). PTT: 4 11 3 66, same bigger in average than other Perigonine genera. data as the holotype (MNHN, CPM). Integuments usually smooth and shiny, black to rufopiceous. Head lengthened, mandibles elon- Description gated, straight and porrected; maxillae and palpi Habitus: fig. 1. Total body length: 6.9 to 7.8 mm. thin and elongated. Penultimate maxillary palpo- Head, pronotum and elytra shiny black, with mere longer than terminal (from one and a half vanished microsculpture on pronotum and elytra. to two times longer). Supraorbital carinae exten- ded at least to the first supraorbital seta. Pronotum transverse, lateral groove explanate posteriorly. Elytra oval and convex. Striae 1 to 7 shallowly impressed, or almost obsolete, or wholly effaced. External edge of 8th interval transformed in its distal fourth into a strong carina obliquely extended vor almost to apical sutural angle (fig. 6- 7). In one group of species, there is also an obli- que carinate sulcus at the end of the 7th interval (fig. 8). Three setae in the 3rd interval, the first two ones on the disc and the third one near apex (these setae are vestigial or completely vanished in some species). Umbilicate lateral setae divided in four groups, namely, 5 setigerous punctures in the humeral group (rarely 4), 2 and 3 punctures in two separate median groups, and 4 punctures in the apical group.

Materials and methods This study is based on examination of approximately 130 specimens, including holotypes or lectotypes of the species described by Chaudoir, Chevrolat, Bates and Perrault, all kept in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle of Paris. Comparison with these type specimens allowed us to recognize several unde- scribed species within materials collected in Ecuador during the last two decades. However, the four spe- cies treated hereafter represent only a small part of the existing undescribed material. The type material of the four new species will be deposited in the following institutions or private col- lections, noted in the text by the associated codens:

CAC: Achille Casale Collection, Torino, Italy. CPM: Author’s Collection, Toulouse, France. CPMG: Pier Mauro Giachino Collection, Torino, Italy. MNHN: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Fig. 1. Diploharpus pubescens n. sp., male holotype: habitus. QCAZ: Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Scale bar 1 mm. Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

202 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 209-223 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 201-208 World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy. ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0 usually found under barks of dead, rotten trees -•- Contribution to the knowledge of the biodiversity of Ecuador: new genus, and in decaying leaf litter. In Central America, References during the dry season, they hide in deep leaf Bates H.W., 1872. Notes on Carabidae, and descrip- new species and new records (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae)** piles beneath crowns of fallen trees (Erwin & tions of new species (n° 11). Entomologist’s Monthly José Mª Salgado* Sims, 1984: 393). In Ecuador, all known species Magazine, 8: 176-179. are strictly sylvatic, from tropical lowland forest to subtropical montane forest. At Otonga Natural Bates H.W., 1878. On new genera and species of geo- * Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León (España). [email protected] Reserve (Ecuador, province Cotopaxi, on the dephagous Coleoptera from Central America. ** Results (in part) of the WBA Program “Biological Research in South America”. IX contribution. western slope of the Andes), the major part of Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 587- the specimens were found under bark of fallen 609. trees on in rotten logs. However, D. rossii n. sp. Abstract naturists including Cesare Bellò, Gianfranco was observed soon after sunset running around Bates H.W., 1882. Biologia Centrali-Americana. This paper contributes to increasing our knowledge Caoduro, Fulvio Giachino, Pier Mauro Giachino, on the surface of leaf litter in search of preys Insecta. Coleoptera. Carabidae. Vol. I, part 1: 40-152. of the biodiversity of Ecuador with the proposed Luca Picciau, Giovanni Onore, Giuseppe Osella (personal observation at Otonga, VII.5.2001). D. Excelsiorella gen. nov. and a description of the follo- and Walter Rossi. pubescens n. sp. was collected at night on the sur- Chaudoir M. de, 1850. Mémoires sur la famille des wing new species: Excelsiorella latissima sp. nov., The study of the specimens has enabled us to face of a fallen branch (personal observation at Carabiques (2e partie – suite). Bulletin de la Société Adelopsis longipenis sp. nov., Adelopsis aloecuatoriana widen our knowledge of the biodiversity of El Higuerón, VII.26.1998). Similarly, at the Biolat impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 23: 349-460. sp. nov. and Dissochaetus napoensis pallipes ssp. nov. A Ecuador, establish a new genus, discover new spe- station of Río Manu, in Eastern Perú, T. L. Erwin detailed description of the main external morpholo- cies, give new records on distribution and a sum- found various Diploharpus species "on living Erwin, T.L., 1991. Natural history of the carabid beet- gical characters, males aedeagus, and females sper- mary of new information on species already trunks at night near exuding sap and on broken les at the BIOLAT Biological Station, Rio Manu, matheca is given if both sexes are known and the known (Szymczakowski, 1961, 1968; Zoia, 1992; punky wood on the ground" (Erwin, 1991: 44). Pakitza, Peru. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 33: 1- position of each taxon discussed. Adelopsis ecuatoria- Peck et al., 1998; Salgado, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 85. na Salgado, 2002 is proposed as junior subjective 2005a, 2005b). Acknowledgements synonymy of Adelopsis jarmilae Gnaspini & Peck, In the form of a check list obtained from the We are very grateful to Dr. Thierry Deuve for giving us Erwin T.L., Sims L.L., 1984. Carabid beetles of the West 2001. New information and comments on several spe- above-mentioned works, updated information is access to the Diploharpus type specimens kept in the Indies (Insecta: Coleoptera): a synopsis of the genera and cies in the genera Adelopsis, Dissochaetus and given on species currently known in Ecuador: 7 Chaudoir collection of the Muséum National d’Histoire checklist of tribes of Caraboidea, and of West Indian spe- Eucatops is provided. species from the genus Adelopsis (A. coronaria Naturelle (Paris). Our most sincere thanks are also due cies. Quaestiones entomologicae, 20: 351-466. Gnaspini & Peck, 1996; A. jarmilae Gnaspini & to the entomologists who made material available for Key words: Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Peck, 2001 (=A. ecuatoriana Salgado, 2002); A. bio- this study: Pier Mauro Giachino, Giovanni Onore and Jeannel R., 1941. Un carabique termitophile nouveau Excelsiorella gen. nov., new species, new records, fau- forestae Salgado, 2002; A. dehiscentis Salgado, Walter Rossi. de l’Afrique tropicale. I: Etude systématique. Revue nistic, Ecuador. 2002; A. onorei Salgado, 2002; A. tuberculata Française d’Entomologie, 8: 136-146. Salgado, 2002; A. tandapi Salgado, 2005); 6 from Resumen Dissochaetus (D. monilis (Murray, 1856); D. ovalis Moret P., 2005. Los coleópteros Carabidae del páramo Este trabajo aporta un mayor conocimiento de la bio- (Kirsch, 1873); D. curtus Portevin, 1903; D. carbo- en los Andes del Ecuador. Sistemática, ecología y bio- diversidad de Ecuador con la propuesta Excelsiorella narius (Szymczakowski, 1961); D. anseriformis geografía. Quito, Pontificia Universidad Católica del gen. nov. y la descripción de las siguientes nuevas Salgado, 2001; D. napoensis Salgado, 2005); 9 from Ecuador, Centro de Biodiversidad y Ambiente, especies: Excelsiorella latissima sp. nov., Adelopsis lon- Eucatops (E. (E.) obtusus Gnaspini, 1994; E. (E.) Monografía 2, 306 pp. gipenis sp. nov., Adelopsis aloecuatoriana sp.nov. y incognitus Salgado, 2003; E. (E.) crassicornis Dissochaetus napoensis pallipes ssp. nov. Se realiza una Salgado, 2004; E. (E.) curtus Salgado, 2004; E. (E.) Perrault G., 1992 a. Etude sur la faune des Carabidae detallada descripción de los principales caracteres curvipes dilatatus Salgado, 2004; E. (E.) pecki de Guyane. III. Deux espèces nouvelles de morfológicos externos, edeago de los machos y esper- Salgado, 2004; E. (Sphaerocatops) granuliformis Diploharpus (Perigonini). L'Entomologiste, 48 (2): 99- mateca de las hembras, si ambos sexos son conocidos, Salgado, 2003; E. (Napocatops) giganteus, Salgado, 103. y se discute la posición de cada uno de los táxones. 2005; and 2 from Ptomaphagus (P. (Adelops) bor- Adelopsis ecuatoriana Salgado, 2002 se propone como doni (Jeannel, 1964); P. (Adelops) sciakyi (Zoia, Perrault G., 1992 b. Désignation de types dans le sinonimia subjetiva de Adelopsis jarmilae Gnaspini & 1992). The 4 new species described in this paper genre Diploharpus Chaudoir 1850 (Col. Peck, 2001. Se proporciona una nueva información y and the first record for Ecuador of Dissochaetus Carabidae).Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie (N.S.), 9 comentarios sobre varias especies de los géneros hetschkoi Reitter, 1884, are to be added to the 24 (2) : 172. Adelopsis, de Dissochaetus y de Eucatops. already known, which amount to very few for a geographical area of such great biodiversity. Reichardt H., 1977. A synopsis of the genera of Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Future expeditions in search of entomological Neotropical Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Excelsiorella gen. nov., nuevas especies, nuevos datos, material will no doubt increase our knowledge of Quaestiones Entomologicae, 13: 346-493. faunística, Ecuador. all scavengers, a group of insects essential to pre- serving the environment. Introduction This paper is a study of the Cholevinae collec- Materials and Methods ted by the “World Biodiversity Association onlus” The methods, terminology and format of this paper fol- during expeditions to the provinces of Cotopaxi low those of previous studies (Salgado, 2002b, 2004). Fig. 14. Distribution map of five Diploharpus species found in and Pichincha (Ecuador) with the support of the The specimens were preserved in 70% alcohol; for the Ecuador. Fundación Otonga. The captures were made bet- examination of the external morphological characters, ween 2003 and 2006 by fellow biologists and they were dried and then placed in very diluted KOH

208 209 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 209-223 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 209-223 for 5 minutes and removed for observation of the male The specimens will be deposited in the collections ped. Pubescence uniform, very short, fine and aedeagus and female spermathecal complex. The lat- of the Museum de la Pontificia Universidad Católica recumbent. Head compressed, closely retractile ter structures were mounted on microslides and de Ecuador (QCAZ-Museum), Dr. Pier Mauro onto thorax, with visible occipital carina. embedded in “Hoyer liquid”, as well as the male geni- Giachino, Torino (Italy), Prof. Achille Casale, Torino Epistoma with very diffuse suture separating tal segment and some sternites of abdominal seg- (Italy), Museum Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona clypeus and labrum, both differing in intensity of ments. The dried specimens were then mounted on (Italy) and Dr. José Mª Salgado (University of León, colour. Eyes large. Antennae laid back surpassing cards and attached to the same pin with microslides. Spain). posterior margin of pronotum, lacking differen- tiated club, last seven segments flattened, uni- Systematic Study formly increasing in width so that 11th is narro- wer and longer; 8th segment as long as the 4th, 5th Subfamily Cholevinae Kirby, 1837 or 6th (fig. 2). Pronotum in basal edge wider than Tribe Ptomaphagini Jeannel, 1911 elytra, strongly transverse and very weakly con- vex, posterior angles very prolonged backwards, Key to genera and subgenera of Ptomaphagini of Latin America enclosing basal area of elytra. Elytra wide, flatte- (modified from Peck et al., 1998) ned along entire median region, apical margin truncate; striae transverse, very fine and nume- 1. Anterior tibiae with distinct comb of short spines on outer margin, as well as apex; mesepister- rous. Prosternum lacking anterior median carina; num tranverse, inner edge as wide as outer edge ...... Proptomaphaginus coxal cavities confluent. Mesosternum with - Anterior tibiae with comb of short spines only at apex; mesepisternum trapezoidal, wider on outer median carina very high and robust, ventral mar- edge than inner edge ...... 2 gin very wide (Figs. 3-4). Mesocoxae slightly sepa- 2. Last segment of maxillary palp conical, much shorter than penultimate segment; antenna mostly rated; metacoxae contiguous. Mesepimeron of slender, giving the impression of being elongate ...... Paulipalpina Ptomaphagina type, trapezoidal. Legs short and - Last segment of maxillary palp conical, subequal and a little longer than penultimate segment; robust, flattened; all tibiae with comb of short antenna normal, may be elongate in troglobitic species ...... 3 equal spines on apex; male protarsi expanded; 3. Aedeagus short, with ventral opening; thick and short armed flagellum ...... 4 meso- and metatarsi slightly flattened; all tarsi - Aedeagus short or elongate, with opening always dorsal; flagellum thin ...... 5 with five segments; metatibia curved outwards, 4. Mesosternal carina strongly developed, ventral edge very wide; spiculum gastrale of genital seg- with two very short apical spurs. Genital segment ment bifurcate at the end; median lobe of aedeagus bearing apical flap; parameres flattened with somewhat longer than wide; spiculum gastrale in 4 or 5 apical setae ...... Excelsiorella n. gen. inverted “Y”, with long narrow branches (fig. 6). Fig. 1. Excelsiorella latissima sp. nov., holotypus 6: habitus. - Mesosternal carina normal, ventral edge thin; spiculum gastrale of genital segment straight; Male genitalia. Aedeagus quite short; median Scale bar: 1.00 mm. median lobe of aedeagus lacking apical flap, but bearing small teeth; parameres thin with 2 api- lobe with long ventral opening, developed flap in cal setae ...... Peckena apical area and 2+4 long setae inserted ventrally 5. Aedeagus with opening cutting medially; flagellum of internal sac longer than aedeagus. . . . 6 on both sides; parameres long, quite flattened, - Aedeagus with opening cutting left side; flagellum of internal sac shorter than or subequal to lying close to aedeagus, with 4 setae in apical backwards; mesosternal carina enormous, with aedeagus ...... 7 area of right and 5 in apical area of left; stylus of very wide ventral edge; ventral opening of aedea- 6. Extremely long flagellum, which rests completely coiled inside the aedeagus ...... Amplexella internal sac short and quite thick, as well as a gus long and narrow; the number and disposition - Flagellum longer than aedeagus, with basal bulb resting outside aedeagus . . . Parapaulipalpina long, wide plate and a piece in irregular arch of the setae in the apical area of the parameres; 7. Aedeagus short and broad, opening cutting left side, right of the apical setae; spiculum gastrale (Figs. 7-9). the shape of the spiculum gastrale in the genital of genital segment broad (rectangular or saddle-shaped plate) ...... Adelopsis segment, differentiate it from any other genus of - Aedeagus elongate, opening cutting left side, left of the apical setae; spiculum gastrale of genital Note: The shape of the maxillary palps is not inclu- Ptomaphagina. Some of its characters do resem- segment straight and thin, sometimes elongate ...... Ptomaphagus 8 ded in the description as they were mutilated in the ble those of different genera of Cholevinae, such 8. Antennal club long, beginning with segment IV or at summit of III ...... P. (Tupania) studied specimen. However, the insertion fovea of the as: shape widely oval or “limuloid”, elytra broad - Antennal club normal, beginning with segment VI or VII ...... 9 palps can be observed in the basal area of both maxil- and antennal club not differentiated place it 9. Body flatter; with erect setae; modified for life with harvester ants ...... P. (Echinocoleus) las. Last segment of maxillary palp conical, subequal close to species in the subgenus Echinocoleus; - Body less flat; setae recumbent; not modified for life with harvester ants ...... P. (Adelops) and little shorter than penultimate segment, a cha- antennae flattened dorsally-ventrally with seg- racter of the proximate genera Adelopsis and Peckena, ments closely fused and expanding progressively which has yet to be confirmed. from third segment to apical area are remini- Genus Excelsiorella gen. nov. strongly developed, ventral edge very wide; spi- scent of the antennae in subgenera Attiscurra culum gastrale of male genital segment in inver- Discussion and Catopsimorphus; the general shape of the Type species: Excelsiorella latissima sp. nov. ted “Y”; aedeagus with long ventral opening; This genus has the basic characters of aedeagus and spiculum gastrale of the male geni- median lobe with apical flap; parameres flatte- Ptomaphagina: Head with strongly elevated occi- tal segment are similar to some species of Diagnosis ned bearing 4 or 5 setae in apical area of right pital crest; prosternum normal, horizontal before Adelopsis and, in particular, the ventral opening Widely oval and weakly convex body; head and left, respectively. Stylet of internal sac coxae; abdominal tergum 7 with basolateral cari- of the aedeagus and stylet of internal sac short retractile, imbricated in pronotum; antennae short and wide. na; protibia with preapical comb short spines and quite robust is characteristic of the genus flattened, without discernible club; pronotum only; mesepimeron trapezoidal, wider on outer Peckena. highly transverse, almost flat in disc area, poste- Description edge than inner edge. This new genus should undoubtedly be placed rior angles strongly prolonged backwards; elytra Length: 3.10 mm. Body generally oval and very The characters of this new genus together, for between Adelopsis and Peckena, but with differen- wide, extensively flattened in median region wide, short, robust and weakly convex (fig. 1). example, the flattened body, very wide with tiating characters that separate it very clearly and truncate at apex; mesosternal carina Color reddish brown. Metathoracic wings develo- posterior angles of pronotum highly prolonged and allow for no confusion whatsoever.

210 211 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398 World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy. ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0 New records of Aleocharinae from Ecuador and Peru, with the description of new species, new subgenera and new genera (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) **, *** Roberto Pace*

* Via Vittorio Veneto, 13, 37032 Monteforte d’Alpone (Verona), Italy. [email protected] ** 215th Contribution to the knowledge of Aleocharinae. *** Results (in part) of the WBA Program “Biological Research in South America”. X contribution.

Abstract Resumen The Aleocharinae studied here were collected in Los Aleocharinae estudiados en este trabajo fueron cap- Ecuador during the Italian “Otonga 2004” and turados en Ecuador durante las expediciones italianas “Ecuador 2006” expeditions organized by the World “Otonga 2004” y “Ecuador 2006” organizadas por el Biodiversity Association onlus, aiming at studying the World Biodivesity Association onlus, cuyo objetivo fue el biodiversity of different regions of Ecuador, and in Perù estudio de la biodiversidad de diferentes regiones de by some others entomologist. 14 tribes were found Ecuador, además de algunas capturas realizadas en (Deinopsini, Oligotini, Hygronomini, Pronomaeini, Perú. Fueron examinadas 14 tribus: Deinopsini, Gyrophaenini, Placusini, Homalotini, Diestotini, Oligotini, Hygronomini, Pronomaeini, Gyrophaenini, Falagriini, Athetini, Lomechusini, Oxypodini, Placusini, Homalotini, Diestotini, Falagriini, Athetini, Hoplandriini, and Aleocharini); the following taxa were Lomechusini, Oxypodini, Hoplandriini y Aleocharini; los described, 13 new genera: Kirtusa (Placusini), Gansiella siguientes táxones fueron descritos, 13 nuevos géneros: (Diestotini), Serikendusa, Geitonusa, Pseudoleptonia, Kirtusa (Placusini), Gansiella (Diestotini), Serikendusa, Pichinchusa, Peruusa, Kaloxypoda, Ragabrachydota Geitonusa, Pseudoleptonia, Pichinchusa, Peruusa, (Athetini), Glossarhymenus (Oxypodini), Paraplandria, Kaloxypoda, Ragabrachydota (Athetini), Glossarhymenus Ecuadorusa, and Mesoplandria (Hoplandriini); two new (Oxypodini), Paraplandria, Ecuadorusa,y Mesoplandria subgenera: Atheta (Kladobrachydotina) and Hydrosmecta (Hoplandriini); dos nuevos subgéneros: Atheta (Acanthaktema); and 202 new species. 34 keys to gene- (Kladobrachydotina) y Hydrosmecta (Acanthaktema); y ra, subgenera, and species of Ecuador and Perù are 202 nuevas especies. Se dan 34 claves para géneros, sub- given, i.e.: Diestotini, Athetini, Hoplandriini, Caloderella, géneros, y especies de Ecuador y Perú, p.e.: Diestotini, Myllaena, Gyrophaena, Brachida, Placusa, Parasilusa, Athetini, Hoplandriini, Caloderella, Myllaena, Plesiomalota, 66 and 11 of Diestota, Eudera, Falagria, Gyrophaena, Brachida, Placusa, Parasilusa, Plesiomalota, Meronera, Heterostiba, Peruusa, Lamprostiba, Atheta 66 y 11 de Diestota, Eudera, Falagria, Meronera, (Acrotona), Atheta (Xestota), Atheta (Microdota), Atheta Heterostiba, Peruusa, Lamprostiba, Atheta (Acrotona), (Kladobrachydotina), Atheta (Datomicra), Atheta Atheta (Xestota), Atheta (Microdota), Atheta (Dimetrota), 66 and 11 of Atheta (Pseudobessobia), (Kladobrachydotina), Atheta (Datomicra), Atheta Leptonia, Orphnebius, Apalonia, Haplochara, (Dimetrota), 66 y 11 de Atheta (Pseudobessobia), Somasterochara, Parabainusa, Hoplandria, and Leptonia, Orphnebius, Apalonia, Haplochara, Ecuadorusa.Twelve new combinations are proposed, i.e.: Somasterochara, Parabainusa, Hoplandria,y Ecuadorusa. Eudera carltoni (Ashe & Leschen, 1995), comb. n.; Se han propuesto 12 nuevas combinaciones (Eudera carl- Ophnebius nevermanni (Scheerpeltz, 1972), comb. n.; toni (Ashe & Leschen, 1995), comb. n.; Ophnebius never- Orphnebius marginalis (Reichensperger, 1935), comb. n.; manni (Scheerpeltz, 1972), comb. n.; Orphnebius margi- Apalonia incaica (Pace, 1986), comb. n.; Apalonia inca nalis (Reichensperger, 1935), comb. n.; Apalonia incaica (Pace, 2001), comb. n.; Apalonia machupicchuensis (Pace, (Pace, 1986), comb. n.; Apalonia inca (Pace, 2001), comb. 1986), comb. n.; Apalonia quillabambana (Pace, 1986), n.; Apalonia machupicchuensis (Pace, 1986), comb. n.; comb. n.; Apalonia tahuantinsuyiensis (Pace, 1986), Apalonia quillabambana (Pace, 1986), comb. n.; Apalonia comb. n.; Parasilusa inca (Pace, 1986) comb. n.; tahuantinsuyiensis (Pace, 1986), comb. n.; Parasilusa inca Plesiomalota franzi (Pace, 1985) comb. n.; Plesiomalota (Pace, 1986) comb. n.; Plesiomalota franzi (Pace, 1985) franzi (Pace, 1985), comb. n.; Diestota leleupi (Pace, comb. n.; Plesiomalota franzi (Pace, 1985), comb. n.; 1985), comb. n.. Two new synonymies are proposed: Diestota leleupi (Pace, 1985), comb. n.) y dos nuevas sino- Cajachara Ashe & Leschen, 1995 = Eudera Fauvel, 1866 nimias (Cajachara Ashe & Leschen, 1995 = Eudera n. syn.; Leptonia garavitensis Pace, 1986 = Leptonia Fauvel, 1866 n. syn.; Leptonia garavitensis Pace, 1986 = inkarrii Pace, 1986 n. syn.. The photographs of the habi- Leptonia inkarrii Pace, 1986 n. syn.). Fotografías de hábi- tus, the drawings of aedeagus, spermatheca, and other tus, gráficos de edeagos y espermatecas, así como otros useful diacritical characters are provided. importantes caracteres diagnósticos son proporcionados.

Key words: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Ecuador, Peru, taxonomy, new records, new genera, new Aleocharinae, Ecuador, Perú, taxonomía, nuevos datos, subgenera, new species. nuevos géneros, nuevos subgéneros, nuevas especies.

225 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398

Introduction regions, presents serious problems, that are resolved HT: Holotype OLIGOTINI The subfamily Aleocharinae Fleming, 1821, especially through the examination of the characters PT(T): Paratype (s) present in all zoogeographic regions, includes a of the male copulatory organ, of the spermatheca and Cypha ecuadorensis n. sp. great number of species. They live in all the envi- of the shape of the ligula and of the maxillae. Both Systematics (figs. 3, 4, 510) ronments frequented by Staphylinidae and most male and female specimens have been dissected with of them are found in forest areas. Some species the purpose to incorporate the genital and oral struc- DEINOPSINI Type series: HT 6, Ecuador, Napo R., Sacha Lodge, are terricolous during the day, in the evening tures in Canada balsam (on small transparent plastic 250 m, 26-28.X.2004, F.I.T., G. de Rougemont leg. they become arboreal or floricolous. Some cards beneath the specimen). The genital and oral Adinopsis angusta (Sharp) (CROU). groups are mirmecophilous or termitophilous structures were studied using a compound microsco- (Kistner, 1982), and a certain number of them pe and drawn by means of reticular lens. The complex Deinopsis angusta Sharp, 1883: 295 Description live in the intertidal zones (Moore & Legner, drawing of the spermathecae, like those of the Adinopsis angusta: Klimaszewski, 1979: 73 Length 0.8 mm. Body brown, with lateral and 1976). The majority of the species are predators, Diestotini, was copied from the macrophotographic posterior margin of the pronotum reddish; anten- whereas the tribe Gyrophaenini Kraatz, 1856, is tracing of microscopic slides. The habitus of the new Examined material nae reddish yellow, with the eighth and ninth micophagous on fresh mushrooms (Ashe, 1984). species was photographed by me using a digital 1 6, Ecuador, Napo R., Sacha Lodge, 250 m, 26- antennomere faintly brown; legs yellow. Third The species of the tribe Aleocharini Fleming, camera CanonPower Shot 537, 5.0 mega pixels. All 28.X.2004, F.I.T., G. de Rougemont leg. antennomere shorter than the second one, the fol- 1821, are parasitoids in the larval stage of pupi- the figures I made are drawings up to the final phase, lowing ones up to the ninth longer than wide, the parous flies (Fuldner, 1960). Several species of modified and mounted in plates with the Adobe Distribution tenth one as long as the three preceding antenno- the Oligotini Thomson, 1859, prey on mites Photoshop software. Species till now known only from Guatemala meres together. Pronotum scarcely transverse and (Cameron, 1939). The species described here are clearly recognizable (Klimaszewski, 1979). wider than the head. Dorsal surface with a super- This subfamily received little attention from worldwide, mainly through the sketches of habitus, ficial granularity. Elytra covered with a very collectors and researchers in the past. There are aedeagus, and spermatheca. For this reason the Adinopsis myllaenoides (Kraatz) superficial reticulation and a thin and dense two reasons for this. Firstly there are insignifi- descriptions are brief, and limited; graphically doubt- puncturation. Fifth free urotergum of the 6 cant and poorly diversified external aspects in ful or not reproducible traits are described, such as Deinopsis myllaenoides Kraatz, 1857: 38 having the basal half without reticulation and the several species, and secondly there are difficul- the reticulation and the granularity. However in the Adinopsis myllaenoides: Klimaszewski, 1979:72 posterior half wrinkled. Metathoracic wings deve- ties for the study of this group of Staphylinids. case of the subfamily Aleocharinae, a very accurate loped. Sclerites of the inner sac of the median and long description does not always give an exact Examined material lobe made of two groups of spines as in figs. 3-4. Material and methods identification of the various species. It is the observa- 1 1, Peru, Loreto, 100 m, Iquitos, 4-15.VI.2005, at The specimens of the present paper have been col- tion of the illustration of the aedeagus and/or of the light, R. Westerduijn leg.; 2 11, Peru, Loreto, 100 m, Comparative notes lected in Ecuador during the Italian “Otonga 2004” spermatheca, together with the habitus, which helps Iquitos, 16.VI.2005, at light, R. Westerduijn leg. This new species is different from C. debilis (Sharp, and “Ecuador 2006” expeditions, organized by the solving interpretative problems given by the descrip- 1883), from Guatemala, by the different colour of pro- World Biodiversity Association onlus to study the bio- tion alone, as confirmed by serious entomologists. Distribution notum and antennae. diversity of some areas of Ecuador. A group of 22 It is omitted that the pronotum is distinctly transver- Species hitherto known from South U.S.A., botanists, entomologists, and speleologists, helped by se and wider than the head, when this is obvious from West Indies, and Brazil. New for Peru. Etymology the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, were the photograph of the habitus. The comparative notes This new species takes its name from Ecuador. involved in the expeditions. Some of them: dr. are omitted when the key of the species is given. Adinopsis peruviana n. sp. Daniele Avesani, dr. Cesare Bellò, Filippo Bellò, prof. (figs. 1, 2, 509) Oligota (Holobus) ecuadorensis n. sp. Gianfranco Caoduro, Simone Ciocca, Fulvio Giachino, Acronyms (figs. 5, 6, 511) dr. Pier Mauro Giachino, prof. Giovanni Onore, prof. Acronyms for Museums or private Collections are Type series: HT 6, Peru, Loreto, km 12 on Iquitos- Giuseppe Osella, dr. Luca Picciau, and Margherita used as follows: Nauta Rd., 16.VII.2004, light edge white sand forest, Type series: HT 6, Ecuador Pichincha, Pasochoa m Pogliano, collected interesting specimens of FMNHC: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago R. Westerduijn leg. (UK). 3000, S 00°25’19.5’’ W 78°30’57.9’’, 26.VII.2006, G. Aleocharinae that were submitted to me to be stu- (U.S.A.) Caoduro leg. (MVR). died. To this material, I have added many specimens MVR: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona Description collected in Ecuador by my colleague Guillaume de (Italia) Length 1.81 mm (without head, lost). Body Description Rougemont (France) and in Peru by dr. Rob QCAZ: Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad faintly shiny and brown, with pronotum and first, Length 1.48 mm. Body shiny and black; elytra Westerduijn (U.S.A). G. de Rougemont, having used a Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador second, and third free urotergum reddish yellow; black-brown; pygidium yellow-brown; antennae new method of research for Ecuador, the flight inter- QCNE: Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Quito, Ecuador legs reddish yellow. Reticulation of pronotum black, with the four basal antennomeres yellow, ception trap (F.I.T.), discovered extraordinary spe- UK: Snow Entomological Museum, University of and elytra obvious. Puncturation or granularity and the fifth and sixth antennomere reddish; legs cies. Other specimens have been collected by the Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas (U.S.A.) missing on the whole body. Abdomen covered black-brown, with knees yellow-brown. Second botanist prof. Walter Rossi of the University of CBO: Collection Bellò-Osella in Museo Civico di with a sericeous pubescence. Aedeagus figs. 1-2. antennomere longer than the first one, the third L’Aquila and by S. & J. Peck from Canada. Storia Naturale, Verona (Italia) one much shorter than the second, the fourth one In earlier studies (Pace, 1985, 1986, 1987a, 1987b, CGi: Collection P.M. Giachino, Torino (Italia) Comparative notes longer than wide, the fifth one as long as wide, 1990a, 1990b, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2002), I have exami- CKL: Collection J. Klimaszewski, Ottawa (Canada) This new species is distinct from A. myllaenoides transverse from the sixth to the ninth, the tenth ned many types of Aleocharinae from Central and CPa: Collection R. Pace, Monteforte d’Alpone (VR) (Kraatz, 1857) by the presence of two long copulative one as long as the two preceding antennomeres South America in the collections of Fauvel, (Italia) phanerae in the sclerified structure of the inner sac combined. Eyes longer than the temples. Bernhauer, Solier (in the Institut Royal des Sciences CPi: Collection L. Picciau, Torino (Italia) of the aedeagus, while in myllaenoides there is only Reticulation of the head missing, that of the pro- Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels), Fairmaire (idem) CROU: Collection G. de Rougemont, Londinières one median phanera. notum transverse and very shallow, that of the and Erichson (Berlin). (France) elytra irregularly polygonal. Granularity of the The taxonomic study of the species from Ecuador and Etymology head fine and obvious, that of the pronotum Peru, compared with those of other zoogeographic The following acronyms are used for the type material: This new species takes its name from Peru. dense and very fine, that of the elytra shallow.

226 227 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398

Gyrophaena perinsidiosa n. sp. missing on the median longitudinal fascia. (figs. 34, 35, 36, 524) Granularity of the elytra sparse, very prominent and stronger on the posterior half. A faint fold Type series: HT 6, Peru, Loreto, 100 m, Picuroyacu on each external posterior angle of the elytra 3.VI.2005, on regrowth of Polypore in secondary that has three long lateral setae. Aedeagus as in forest, R. Westerduijn (UK). PTT: 39 specimens, Peru, fig. 37, sixth free urotergum of the 6 as in fig. Loreto, 100 m, Puerto Almendra, 8.IX.2005, ex on 38. bracket fungus under log, understory woodlands arboretum, R. Westerduijn (UK, CPa). Etymology This new species is dedicated to its collector, dr. Description Pier Mauro Giachino of Turin, a renowned scho- Length 1.81-1.92 mm. Body shiny and reddish lar, specialist of Cholevidae. yellow; head and free uroterga black-brown; ely- 38 tra reddish, with the posterior half brown; anten- Gyrophaena rossii n. sp. nae reddish yellow, with the three basal antenno- (figs. 39-42, 526) meres yellow; legs yellow. Second antennomere shorter than the first one, the third one shorter Type series: HT 6, Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Canton than the second, from fourth to tenth strongly Sigchos, Las Pampas, Otonga Natural Reserve, 25- 39 transverse, the eleventh one as long as the two 28.VII.2005, W. Rossi (QCNE). PTT: 58 specimens, preceding antennomeres combined. Eyes huge. Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Canton Sigchos, Las Pampas, Reticulation of the head isodiametric and shal- Otonga Natural Reserve, 25-28.VII.2005, W. Rossi low, that of the pronotum very transverse, and (QCAZ, CGi). that of the abdomen irregularly polygonal and faint. Puncturation of head and pronotum fine Description and shallow. Granularity of the elytra prominent Length 2.85-2.98 mm. Body shiny. Forebody red- and sparse. Aedeagus as in figs. 35-36, sixth free dish brown, with the posterior half of the elytra urotergum of the 6 as in fig. 34. brown; abdomen reddish yellow, with the fourth free urotergum reddish brown and its paratergi- Etymology tes reddish yellow; antennae reddish yellow, with The name of this new species means "very insi- the three basal antennomeres yellow; legs yellow. dious". Second antennomere shorter than the first one, the third one shorter than the second, the fourth Gyrophaena giachinoi n. sp. antennomere tiny and transverse, from fifth to (figs. 37, 38, 525) tenth transverse, the eleventh antennomere long 40 41 42 one and a half times the length of the preceding Type series: HT 6, Ecuador Napo, Archidona, S. one. Eyes huge. Isodiametric reticulation of the Domingo m 680, S 00°57’33.3’’ W 77°45’11.9’’, 28- head shallow, missing on the sides, that of the 31.VII.2006, P.M. Giachino (MVR). pronotum faint and isodiametric on the median longitudinal fascia and very shallow on the sides. Description Reticulation of the elytra irregularly polygonal Length 2.64 mm. Body shiny and reddish yel- and shallow, that of the abdomen irregularly low; head and posterior half of the elytra brown; polygonal and obvious, strong only on the fifth fourth free urotergum yellow-brown; antennae free urotergum. Puncturation of the head strong, reddish yellow, with the three basal antennome- missing on the median longitudinal fascia; that of res yellow; legs yellow. Second antennomere the pronotum gathered on the median longitudi- shorter than the first one, the third one shorter nal fascia, missing on the sides. Elytra of the 6 than the second, from fourth to seventh as long with an elongated callus on each internal poste- as wide, from eighth to tenth transverse, the ele- rior angle and a plica on each external posterior venth antennomere long one and a half times angle. Fifth free urotergum of the 6 with two fine the length of the preceding one. Eyes huge. median carinae very far from each other; the Reticulation of the head irregularly polygonal sixth free urotergum of the 6 with a median cari- and very shallow, that of the pronotum very na and two median stubs on the base of the cari- transverse and oblique, that of the elytra very na (fig. 42). Aedeagus as in figs. 40-41, sperma- transverse and slightly wavy and obvious, that of theca as in fig. 39. the abdomen present only on each side of the 43 44 45 fifth free urotergum. Puncturation on the head Etymology Figs. 38-45. Gyrophaena giachinoi n. sp. HT 6: 38) sixth free urotergum of the 6; Gyrophaena rossii n. sp.: 39) spermatheca (PT 1), only with some obvious punctures near the eyes, This new species is dedicated to its collector, 40-41) aedeagus in lateral and ventral view (HT 6), 42) sixth free urotergum of the 6; Gyrophaena osellai n. sp. HT 6: 43-44) aedea- missing on the median longitudinal fascia. Some prof. Walter Rossi of the University of L’Aquila, a gus in lateral and ventral view, 45) sixth free urotergum of the 6. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. sparse and obvious punctures on the pronotum, botanist and specialist of Laboulbeniales.

238 239 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398

Cotopaxi, S. Francisco de las Pampas, 1200 m, base of the third one dirty yellow; legs reddish yel- transverse in thaxteri), the transverse penultimate for this reason the new subgenus Acanthaktema 6.VIII.2004, leg. G. Osella; 1 1, Ecuador, Pichincha, low. Second antennomere shorter than the first antennomere (as long as wide in thaxteri), and the is here proposed. Lloa, Rio Blanco, m 2400, v. foresta, 1.VIII.2006, C. and as long as the third one, from fourth to tenth aedeagus, a little narrow apically, in ventral view Bellò, G. Osella & M. Pogliano; 3 specimens, Ecu., transverse, the eleventh one as long as the two pre- (very narrow in thaxteri). Description Cotopaxi, S. Francisco Las Pampas, loc. Esmeraldas, ceding antennomeres combined. Eyes shorter The pro-mesotibiae are spiny on the external 1400 m, 6.VIII.2006, M. & G. Osella; 1 1, Ecu., than the temples. Reticulation of the head confu- Etymology margin as in fig. 207. Aedeagus as in fig. 205, sper- Cotopaxi, S. Francisco Las Pampas, 1200 m, sed and shallow, that of pronotum and elytra com- This new subspecies takes its name from Ecuador. matheca as in fig. 204, mesotibia as in fig. 207. 15.VII.2005, C. Tapia leg. (CBO, QCAZ). posed of a mesh, often fused with the contiguous one but obvious, that of the abdomen transverse Hydrosmecta (Acanthaktema) n. subg. Type species Description and distinct. Granularity of head and elytra fine, (figs. 203-207) Hydrosmecta (Acanthaktema n. subg.) ecuadoriana n. sp. Length 2.2-2.3 mm. Head and pronotum dense, and prominent; that of the pronotum poorly slightly shiny, rest of the body shiny. Body black- prominent. Pronotum with a wide medial poste- Diagnosis Etymology brown, with elytra yellow-brown; antennae rior impression. Spermatheca as in fig. 202. Unlike the species of the genus Hydrosmecta The name of this new subgenus means "pur- brown, with the two basal antennomeres reddish Thomson, 1858, this new one presents the pro- chase of spines" from the ancient Greek yellow; legs reddish yellow. Second antennomere Comparative notes mesotibiae spiny on the external side (fig. 207), = purchase and = spines. shorter than the first one, the third one longer This new species, by the shape of the spermatheca, is than the second, the fourth and fifth one longer taxonomically close to H. pseudoimbellis (Pace, 1987). than wide, the following four ones transverse and It is distinct from the latter by the fourth transverse the eleventh one as long as the two preceding antennomere (as long as wide in pseudoimbellis) and antennomeres together. Eyes longer than the by the intermediate part of the spermatheca much post-ocular region, in dorsal view. Reticulation of shorter than that of pseudoimbellis. the fore-body evident, that of the abdomen shal- low. Puncturation of the head very shallow, that Etymology of pronotum and elytra indistinct. Two narrow This new species takes its name from Ecuador. basal transverse furrows on the abdomen. Granularity of the abdomen shallow and fine. Hydrosmecta (Acanthaktema) n. subg. Aedeagus as in figs. 167-168, spermatheca as in ecuadoriana n. sp. fig. 582. (figs. 203-207)

Comparative notes Type series: HT 6, Ecu., Pichincha Pr., 4 km W Aloag, This new species is well distinct from O. splendens 3000 m, 19-25.VII.1985, carrion trap, pasture at ravine Pace, 1984, of Venezuela, by the elytra yellow-brown edge, S. & J. Peck (CKL). PTT: 1 1, Ecu., Pichincha Pr., (black in splendens), the eyes longer than the temples 4 km W Aloag, 3000 m, 19-25.VII.1985, carrion trap, (shorter than the temples in splendens), and the very pasture at ravine edge, S. & J. Peck; 1 6, Ecu., Galap., 202 203 204 205 short proximal bent part of the spermatheca (that is St. Cruz, 4 km n Bellavista Media Luna, 620 m, carrion very long and thin in splendens). trap, pasture at ravine edge, S. & J. Peck (CKL).

Etymology Description This new species is dedicated to its collector, Length 2.1-2.2 mm. Body black-brown, with the my friend Giuseppe B. Osella, professor of the posterior margin of the fifth free urotergite red- University of L’Aquila and a well-known specia- dish; antennae black, with the basal antennome- list of Coleoptera Curculionidae. re brown; legs yellow-brown. Eyes shorter than the post-ocular region, in dorsal view. From New combination fourth to tenth antennomere transverse. Hydrosmecta pseudoimbellis (Pace, 1987), n. comb. Reticulation of head and pronotum evident, mis- Atheta (Microdota) pseudoimbellis Pace, 1987: 478 sing on elytra and abdomen. Puncturation of head, pronotum, and abdomen indistinct; that of Hydrosmecta (Hydrosmecta) ecuadorensis n. sp. the elytra very shallow. The pro-mesotibiae are (figs. 202, 601) spiny in the external margin as in fig. 207. Aedeagus as in figs. 205, spermatheca as in fig. Type series: HT 1, Ecuador, Pichincha, S. José de 204, mesotibia as in fig. 207. Minas, stream, 1500 m, str. S. Antonio-Perucho, 7.VIII. 2006, P.M. Giachino (MVR). Comparative notes This new species is taxonomically similar to H. thax- 206 207 208 209 Description teri (Bernhauer, 1921), from Argentina, of which I Figs. 202-209. Hydrosmecta (Hydrosmecta) ecuadorensis n. sp. (HT 1): 202) spermatheca; Hydrosmecta (Acanthaktema) ecuadoria- 6 Length 2.87 mm. Body faintly shiny and black- have examined the HT labelled: "Argentinien, leg. na n. sp.: 203) habitus (HT 6), 204) spermatheca (PT 1), 205-206) aedeagus in lateral and ventral view (HT 6), 207) protibia (HT brown; pronotum yellow-brown; base of the abdo- Thaxter, Atheta (Hydrosmectina) thaxteri Bernhauer, 6) ; Geitonusa salcedensis n. sp. (HT 6): 208) labium with labial palp, 209) maxilla with maxillary palp. Scale bars: 1 mm (fig. 203); men and pygidium yellow-brown; antennae black- Typus unic." (FMNHC). This new species is evidently 0.1 mm other figs. brown, with the two basal antennomeres and the different by a not very transverse pronotum (very

288 289 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398 first one, the third one as long as the second, the Comparative notes fourth one transverse, the fifth one longer than The reddish yellow pronotum and the bent shape of wide, the sixth one as long as wide, from seventh the proximal part of the spermatheca are characters to tenth transverse, the eleventh one as long as sufficient to distinguish this new species from the the two preceding antennomeres combined. Eyes other known species that show a brown pronotum longer than the temples. Reticulation of head and the proximal part of the spermatheca never bent. and abdomen missing, that of the pronotum very fine and obvious, that of the elytra very shallow. Etymology Granularity of the head prominent and dense; This new species takes its name from Ecuador. that of the pronotum very dense, fine, and pro- minent as well; that of the elytra fine and shal- Pseudomyllaena pichinchaensis n. sp. low. Abdomen covered with a sericeous pube- (figs. 471, 472) scence. Aedeagus as in figs. 468-469, spermathe- ca as in fig. 470. Type series: HT 1, Ecu., Pichincha Pr., 4 km W Aloag,

471 472 473 474

461 462463 464 465 466 475 476 477 478

467 468 469 470 479 480 481 482 Figs. 461-470. Parabainusa onorei n. sp.: 461-462) aedeagus in lateral and ventral view (HT 6), 463) spermatheca (PT 1), 464) anten- Figs. 471-482. Pseudomyllaena pichinchaensis n. sp. (HT 1): 471) habitus, 472) spermatheca; Polylobus klimaszewskii n. sp.: 473) na (HT 6); Pseudomyllaena mirantennalis n. sp.: 465-466) aedeagus in lateral and ventral view (HT 6), 467) spermatheca (PT 1); habitus (HT 6), 474) spermatheca (PT 1), 475-476) aedeagus in lateral and ventral view (HT 6); Tinotus klimaszewskii n. sp.: 477) Pseudomyllaena ecuadorensis n. sp.: 468-469) aedeagus in lateral and ventral view (HT 6), 470) spermatheca (PT 1). Scale bars: 0.1 habitus (HT 6), 478) spermatheca (PT 1), 479-480) aedeagus in lateral and ventral view (HT 6); Tinotus andensis n. sp. (HT 6): mm. 481-482) aedeagus in lateral and ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (figs. 471, 473, 477); 0.1 mm other figs.

362 363 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF NEW SPECIES

DEINOPSINI Parasilusa rossii n. sp. Adinopsis peruviana n. sp. Parasilusa giachinoi n. sp. Plesiomalota papallactensis n. sp. OLIGOTINI Plesiomalota bulbosa n. sp. Cypha ecuadorensis n. sp. Plesiomalota pallidipennis n. sp. Oligota (Holobus) ecuadorensis n. sp. Plesiomalota opacicollis n. sp. Plesiomalota atacazicola n. sp. HYGRONOMINI Plesiomalota caoduroi n. sp. Caloderella giachinoi n. sp. Plesiomalota ruficollis n. sp. Caloderella caoduroi n. sp. Plesiomalota belloorum n. sp. Caloderella nigrofemoralis n. sp. Plesiomalota fluminis n. sp. Plesiomalota maculitergalis n. sp. PRONOMAEINI (= MYLLAENINI) Plesiomalota ruficornis n. sp. Myllaena ecuadorensis n. sp. Plesiomalota lloensis n. sp. Myllaena giachinoi n. sp. Plesiomalota atacazomontis n. sp. Myllaena pichinchaensis n. sp. Plesiomalota varicornis n. sp. Pseudomniophila ecuadorensis n. sp. Plesiomalota yucaicola n. sp. Pseudomniophila cotopaxiensis n. sp. Plesiomalota pasochoensis n. sp. Plesiomalota squalida n. sp. GYROPHAENINI Plesiomalota giachinoi n. sp. Gyrophaena perucastanea n. sp. Diestota simplex n. sp. Gyrophaena peruflexa n. sp. Diestota loretensis n. sp. Gyrophaena loretensis n. sp. Eudera rougemonti n. sp. Gyrophaena perinsidiosa n. sp. Eudera huamboyasana n. sp. Gyrophaena giachinoi n. sp. Eudera napofluminis n. sp. Gyrophaena rossii n. sp. Gansiella peruviana n. gen., n. sp. Gyrophaena osellai n. sp. Gyrophaena peruviana n. sp. FALAGRIINI Gyrophaena westerduijni n. sp. Falagria otongensis n. sp. Gyrophaena cornelli n. sp. Falagria ecupallida n. sp. Gyrophaena vitreipes n. sp. Falagria ecuadorensis n. sp. Gyrophaena perpunctum n. sp. Falagria cotopaxiensis n. sp. Gyrophaena perpusillina n. sp. Meronera otongicola n. sp. Gyrophaena peruminima n. sp. Meronera ecuadorica n. sp. Gyrophaena bigranulata n. sp. Gyrophaena otongensis n. sp. ATHETINI Gyrophaena ecuadorica n. sp. Amischa quitoensis n. sp. Brachida spatulata n. sp. Serikendusa peruviana n. gen., n. sp. Brachida truncatella n. sp. Parapycnota otongensis n. sp. Brachida dimidiaticornis n. sp. Heterostiba nanegalitensis n. sp. Brachida improvisa n. sp. Heterostiba rossii n. sp. Brachida pasochoensis n. sp. Heterostiba insidiosa n. sp. Brachida ecuadorensis n. sp. Heterostiba osellai n. sp. Heterostiba caoduroi n. sp. PLACUSINI Parademosoma andensis n. sp. Placusa ruficollis n. sp. Ousipaliaglossa osellai n. sp. Placusa peruviana n. sp. Hydrosmecta (Hydrosmecta) ecuadorensis n. sp. Placusa loretensis n. sp. Hydrosmecta (Acanthaktema) ecuadoriana n. sp. Placusa westerduijni n. sp. Geitonusa salcedensis n. gen., n. sp. Kyrtusa curticornis n. gen., n. sp. Pseudoleptonia ecuadorica n. gen., n. sp. Pichinchusa miripennis n. gen., n. sp. HOMALOTINI Peruusa antegilva n. gen., n. sp. Homalota cotopaxiensis n. sp. Peruusa peruviana n. gen., n. sp. Peruusa huamboyasorum n. sp. DIESTOTINI Kaloxypoda ecuadorensis n. gen., n. sp. Parasilusa ecuadorensis n. sp. Lamprostiba rougemonti n. sp. Parasilusa otongensis n. sp. Lamprostiba ecuadorensis n. sp.

377 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398

Phisetophallia cotopaxicola n. sp. Apalonia archidonensis n. sp. Ragabrachydota ecuadorensis n. gen., n. sp. Apalonia margaritae n. sp. Atheta (Acrotona) loreticola n. sp. Apalonia westerduijni n. sp. Atheta (Acrotona) picciaui n. sp. Apalonia minor n. sp. Atheta (Acrotona) neasuspiciosa n. sp. Apalonia sigchosensis n. sp. Atheta (Acrotona) avesanii n. sp. Apalonia impressicollis n. sp. Atheta (Xestota) blancomontis n. sp. Apalonia clavicornis n. sp. Atheta (Xestota) nanegalitensis n. sp. Apalonia zaparos n. sp. Atheta (Xestota) veronensium n. sp. Apalonia rougemonti n. sp. Atheta (Microdota) ecufessa n. sp. Apalonia osellaorum n. sp. Atheta (Microdota) ecuangularis n. sp. Apalonia myrmecophila n. sp. Atheta (Microdota) cioccai n. sp. Apalonia napoensis n. sp. Atheta (Microdota) pichinchaiana n. sp. Zyras (Pella) ecuamazzonicus n. sp. Atheta (Datomicra) carchicuasmalorum n. sp. Macrogerodonia vitreifemoralis n. sp. Atheta (Kladobrachydotina) inflatheca n. sp. Macrogerodonia rougemonti n. sp. Atheta (Kladobrachydotina) huamboyca n. sp. Macrogerodonia osellai n. sp. Atheta (Kladobrachydotina) osellaorum n. sp. Macrogerodonia microptera n. sp. Atheta (Datomicra) subcolumbica n. sp. Macrogerodonia amazzonica n. sp. Atheta (Datomicra) ecuacuta n. sp. Macrogerodonia nigrogibba n. sp. Atheta (Datomicra) toachiensis n. sp. Atheta (Datomicra) hollinensis n. sp. OXYPODINI Atheta (Datomicra) napoensis n. sp. Haplochara lloensis n. sp. Atheta (Datomicra) huamboyasorum n. sp. Haplochara rougemonti n. sp. Atheta (Dimetrota) chimborazicola n. sp. Haplochara belloi n. sp. Atheta (Dimetrota) lindicola n. sp. Haplochara pichinchaensis n. sp. Atheta (Dimetrota) annularina n. sp. Haplochara crassa n. sp. Atheta (Dimetrota) andesplendens n. sp. Haplochara otongensis n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) atacazomontis n. sp. Haplochara otongicola n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) ecuterminalis n. sp. Somasterochara pichinchaensis n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) altocotopaxicola n. sp. Somasterochara ecuadorensis n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) microumbonata n. sp. Glossarhymenus otonganus n. gen., n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) cayambensis n. sp. Feluva pichinchaensis n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) poglianoae n. sp. Gastrorhopalus ecuadorensis n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) ecumaculata n. sp. Parabainusa osellai n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) biimpressicollis n. sp. Parabainusa onorei n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) ecucastaneipennis n. sp. Pseudomyllaena mirantennalis n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) ecucristata n. sp. Pseudomyllaena ecuadorensis n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) imbaburicola n. sp. Pseudomyllaena pichinchaensis n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) zaparosorum n. sp. Polylobus klimaszewskii n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) saxorum n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) pilae n. sp. HOPLANDRIINI Atheta (Pseudobessobia) lindensis n. sp. Tinotus klimaszewskii n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) caoduroi n. sp. Tinotus andensis n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) belloi n. sp. Paraplandria caraorum n. gen., n. sp. Atheta (Pseudobessobia) cerroblancoensis n. sp. Paraplandria ecuadoricola n. gen., n. sp. Leptonia klimaszewskii n. sp. Hoplandria ecunigra n. sp. Leptonia rougemonti n. sp. Hoplandria norisi n. sp. Leptonia pulchra n. sp. Bessoglossa ecuadoriana n. sp. Platandria loretensis n. sp. LOMECHUSINI Ecuadorusa andensis n. gen., n. sp. Orphnebius napoensis n. sp. Ecuadorusa osellai n. gen., n. sp. Orphnebius otongensis n. sp. Mesoplandria loreticola n. gen., n. sp. Orphnebius loretensis n. sp. Orphnebius curticornis n. sp. ALEOCHARINI Orphnebius iquitosensis n. sp. Aleochara (Xenochara) ecuadorensis n. sp. Orphnebius orejonesorum n. sp. Aleochara (Xenochara) ecuadoricola n. sp. Apalonia ancilloides n. sp. Apalonia ecuadorensis n. sp. Apalonia vicina n. sp.

378 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 225-398

569 570 571 572 581 582 583 584

573 574 575 576 585 586 587 588

577 578 579 580 589 590 591 592

Figs. 569-580. Habitus of: Plesiomalota yucaicola n. sp. (HT 6): 569; Plesiomalota pasochoensis n. sp. (HT 6): 570; Plesiomalota squa- Figs. 581-592. Gansiella peruviana n. sp. 6 metatarsum: 581. Habitus of: Falagria otongensis n. sp. (HT 1): 582; Falagria ecupallida lida n. sp. (HT 1): 571; Plesiomalota giachinoi n. sp. (HT 6): 572; Diestota simplex n. sp. (HT 6): 573; Diestota loretensis n. sp. (HT n. sp. (HT 1): 583; Falagria ecuadorensis n. sp. (HT 1): 584; Falagria cotopaxiensis n. sp. (HT 1): 585; Meronera otongicola n. sp. (HT 6): 574; Eudera rougemonti n. sp. (HT 6): 575; Eudera huamboyasana n. sp. (HT 6): 576; Eudera napofluminis n. sp. (HT 6): 578; 6): 586; Meronera ecuadorica n. sp. (HT 6): 587; Meronera ecuadorica n. sp. (PT 1): 588 ; Amischa quitoensis n. sp. (HT 1): 589; Gansia ecuadorensis Pace, 1 specimen from Otonga: 579; Gansiella peruviana n. sp. (HT 6): 580; Eudera huamboyasana n. sp. (HT Serikendusa peruviana n. sp. (HT 1): 590; Parapycnota otongensis n. sp. (HT 1): 591; Heterostiba nanegalitensis n. sp. (HT 1): 592. 6), aedeagus in lateral view: 577. Scale bars: fig. 569: 1.92 mm; fig. 570: 1.7 mm; fig. 571: 2.21 mm; fig. 572: 2.91 mm; fig. 573: 2.97 Scale bars: fig. 582: 3.6 mm; fig. 583: 2.97 mm; fig. 584: 3.63 mm; fig. 585: 4.12 mm; fig. 586: 2.8 mm; fig. 587: 2.97 mm; fig. 588: mm; fig. 574: 1.91 mm; fig. 575: 1.7 mm; fig. 576: 1.7 mm; fig. 577: 0.1 mm; fig. 578: 2.1 mm; fig. 579: 3.5 mm; fig. 580: 2.85 mm. mm; fig. 589: 2.1 mm; fig. 590: 2.8 mm; fig. 591: 2.82 mm; fig. 592: 3.13 mm.

386 387 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 407-416 World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy. ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0 Notes on some Germarostes s.str. Paulian, 1982 from the cloud forests of Ecuadorian Andes with remarks on allied Ceratocanthinae genera (Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea Hybosoridae)*** Alberto Ballerio* - Bruce D. Gill**

* Viale Venezia 45, I-25123 Brescia, (Italy). [email protected] ** Ontario Plant Laboratories, C.F.I.A., Bldg. 18, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, (Canada). [email protected] *** Results (in part) of the WBA Program “Biological Research in South America”. XI contribution.

Abstract imprecise label data, so that it is not possible to Three species of Germarostes (Germarostes) Paulian, indicate how many of them occur in the montane 1982 are reported for the cloud forests of Ecuador, forests. Judging from the few detailed collecting two of them are new to science: G. (G.) otonga n. sp. data we have, it seems that only a handful of the from the cloud forest of Otonga Reserve (Cotopaxi) described species have been found in the monta- and G. (G.) osellai n. sp. from the cloud forest of San ne forests, revealing once more that this area Jose de Minas (Pichincha). All the three species are needs a proper exploration for Ceratocanthinae. flight-less and their placement in Germarostes is ten- The aim of this paper is to describe two new spe- tative. Some remarks on the current definition of cies and provide additional data for a third one, Germarostes are added with reference to its allied all of which are flightless and have been collec- genera Aulisostes Howden & Gill, 2000 and Cloeotus ted in the cloud forests around Quito. Germar, 1843. Finally some remarks are provided for G. (G.) pullus Paulian, 1982. Methods and Acronyms We refer to Ballerio (2000a, 2000b, 2001) and Howden Key words: Systematics, New Species, Otonga, & Gill (2000, 2001 & 2005) for methods and termino- Tropical Andes, Aulisostes, Cloeotus, Germarostes logy conventions. In giving label data the “/” indica- tes a different label, author’s comments are in square Resumen brackets, and depository collection acronyms are in Tres especies de Germarostes (Germarostes) Paulian, round brackets. 1982 son mencionadas de bosques nubosos de Micrographs were obtained with a Zeiss EVO 40 XVP Ecuador, siendo dos nuevas para la ciencia: Scanning Electron Microscope at the Museo Germarostes (Germarostes) otonga n. sp. del bosque Tridentino di Scienze Naturali (Trento, Italy), after nuboso de la Reserva de Otonga (Cotopaxi) y gold coating. Habitus photographs have all been made Germarostes (Germarostes) osellai n. sp. del bosque using the auto-montage software by Syncroscopy with nuboso de San José de Minas (Pichincha). Las tres a Canon PowerShot S-40 digital camera. especies no vuelan y su posición en Germarostes is pro- EL maximum elytral length visional. También se añaden comentarios sobre la defi- EW maximum total elytral width nición actual de Germarostes en relación con los géne- HL maximum head length ros afines Aulisostes Howden & Gill y Cloeotus Germar. HW maximum head width Por último, se incluyen algunas observaciones sobre L length Germarostes (Germarostes) pullus Paulian, 1982. PL maximum pronotal length at middle PW maximum pronotal width at middle Palabras clave: Sistemática, Nuevas Especies, W width Otonga, Andes Tropical, Aulisostes, Cloeotus ABCB A. Ballerio private collection, Brescia, Italy. BDGC B. D. Gill private collection, Ottawa, Canada. Introduction CMVR Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona The montane forests of the Ecuadorian Andes collection, Italy. belong to the Tropical Andes hotspot, possibly QCAZ Museo de Zoologia - Pontificia Universidad the area with the richest biodiversity concentra- Católica del Ecuador collection, Quito, Ecuador. tion in the world (Rodríguez-Mahecha et al., 2004). Despite this our knowledge of their fauna Systematics of Ceratocanthinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Hybosoridae) is very poor. Until now 29 species Germarostes (Germarostes) osellai n. sp. of Ceratocanthinae have been reported for (figs. 1 - 2) Ecuador (Paulian, 1982; Howden & Gill, 2001; Ocampo & Ballerio, 2006) but this figure is surely Holotype, 6 [distended specimen, glued on a card, under-representative of the actual diversity of dissected: abdomen and aedeagus genital segment this subfamily in Ecuador. Of the 29 species glued in DMHF resin on a separate card, same pin] recorded thus far, many are known only by (CMVR): Ecuador, Pichincha, San José de Minas

407 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 407-416 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 407-416

7.VIII.2004/Cerro Blanco 3100 mt. /00° 12’ 620” N 078° res, oriented forwards and leaving some small 21’ 045” W /vaglio lettiera bosque nublado/ leg. C. smooth areas mainly in the discal area. Bellò, B. Osella & M. Pogliano. Eight paratypes as fol- Scutellum: a little longer than wide; apex sharp lows: 3 66 2 11 [2 66 dissected] (ABCB, BDGC, and acute, with distal third narrow, each side CMVR): Ecuador, Pichincha, San José de Minas slightly curved inward; sides of base notched by 7.VIII.2004/Cerro Blanco 3100 mt. / 00° 12’ 620” N 078° articular process of elytron; surface smooth. 21’ 045” W /vaglio lettiera bosque nublado/ leg. C. Elytra: slightly longer than wide (W/L Bellò, B. Osella & M. Pogliano; 2 66 1 1 [1 6 dissec- ratio≈0.85); moderately convex, dorsal profile ted] (ABCB, MCVR): Ecuador, Pichincha, San José de relatively elongate-oval, surface with nine fine Minas 7.VIII.2006/Cerro Blanco mt. 3100/00° 12’ 620” shallow longitudinal striae, first four striae dis- N 078° 21’ 045” W /vaglio lettiera bosque nublado/ leg. tinct, the remaining less distinct, striae ending C. Bellò, B. Osella & M. Pogliano. just before apical portion of elytra, ten wide interstriae, almost impuncate, with irregular Description weakly raised very spaced out tubercles, apical HL: 0.9 mm; HW: 1.6 mm; PL: 1.6 mm; PW: 2.6 third of elytra with several irregular strongly rai- mm; EL: 3.0 mm; EW: 2.6 mm. sed small tubercles; elytral suture slightly raised, Medium sized flightless Ceratocanthinae. Body although blunt; sutural stria, inferior sutural moderately convex, dorsum glabrous (45x), shiny, stria, marginal area and articular area absent. 1 2 dark brown to black; underside, tarsi and anten- Epipleura marked by a strong serrated bead with nal scape reddish brown, antennal funicle and serrations very widely spaced, distal and median club yellowish. Head: W/L ratio ≈1.66; fore mar- area between longitudinal interstria and epi- gin irregularly arcuate, with apex blunt and obtu- pleuron broadly furrowed. Hind wings absent. se; genae not aligned to fore margin, distinctly Antennae short, ten-segmented, scape relati- produced outwards, acutely pointed; genal can- vely short, strongly securiform, pedicel rounded, thus almost complete, ending just before rea- slightly bent forward, funicle short, segments ching the occipital portion of head, triangular, noticeably wider than long, club as long and relatively thick and narrowing towards apex; dor- almost as wide as funicle, three-segmented, seg- sal ocular area small (interocular distance about ments small and setose, apart from the outer face 12 times the maximum width of the dorsal ocular of the first segment, which is less setose. Labrum area), ventral ocular area very reduced. Head microreticulated to smooth, distally distinctly surface unevenly convex; disc with a slightly rai- depressed, proximally fringed with four long fine sed wide smooth tubercle, vertex with a slightly setae (five in one of the paratypes), apically with raised V-shaped process; surface sculpturing a small indentation at middle. Mentum subsqua- with irregular shallow small horseshoe-shaped red, emarginated in the middle of anterior edge; dense punctures, centrifugally oriented, leaving labial palpi (including palpiger) four-segmented, a distinct smooth area at each side of head, bet- second palpomere about as long as third one, ween fore margin and genae, fore portion with a third palpomere plumper than the other palpo- few shallow irregular transverse long lines. meres and shorter than the fourth, fourth elon- Pronotum: relatively short (W/L ratio≈1.62), gate-ovoid (subpiriform), outer ligular lobes fore angles broadly triangular, fore margin dis- short and weakly developed. Mandibles with acu- 3 4 tinctly beaded, marked by two transverse fine tely pointed apiculus, without small secondary shallow lines one of which continues into the line tooth close to apical portion of apiculus. Maxillae marking the bead of sides and base; one trans- with four palpomeres (including palpiger), pal- verse smooth feeble carina, about as wide as pomeres two plump and short, palpomeres three head, marking the fore margin at middle; sides of and four slender, the fourth about as long as the pronotum and base with a visible bead shallower preceding two, slender. Epipharynx subrectangu- at sides than at base; pronotum regularly convex, lar, with medial process distinctly raised (fig. 7). sides with a longitudinal narrow weakly raised Procoxae subcontiguous; profemora slightly carina, bordering hind angles and extending rugose, covered by several fine long setae, with a toward the middle of base, interruped at about very slight emargination at distal third of fore one third of the length of base, then again pre- edge; protibiae with outer side serrated, serra- sent with a short transverse carina interrupted tions relatively widely spaced, apically with two again before reaching the periscutellar area and distinct outer teeth, apical spur of protibiae slen- finally present again as a swollen smooth trans- der, short with tip acute and slightly bent down- 5 6 verse carina to mark periscutellar area, disc with wards, sexually dimorphic, dorsal surface of pro- one short transverse very feeble carina at each tibiae covered by many very shallow fine longitu- Figs. 1-6. Germarostes (Germarostes) osellai n. sp. 1: habitus of holotype dorsal view ; 2: habitus of paratype lateral view; Germarostes side and two large blunt tubercles toward sides of dinal lines; meso- and metacoxae close to each (Germarostes) otonga n. sp. 3: habitus of holotype dorsal view ; 4: habitus of paratype lateral view; Germarostes (Germarostes) pul- pronotum; the whole surface covered by shallow, other; mesofemora with a few rugae and a dis- lus Paulian, 1982 5: habitus dorsal view ; 6: habitus lateral view. Scale bar: 2 mm small, anastomosing horseshoe-shaped punctu- tinct emargination at distal third of hind edge;

408 409 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 407-416 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 407-416 mesotibiae relatively slender, outer side strongly Germarostes (Germarostes) otonga n. sp. serrated, bearing regularly spaced strong short (figs. 3 - 4)) setae, outer face rugose: covered by several lon- Holotype, 6 [distended specimen, glued on a card, gitudinal to slightly transverse fine lines, apical dissected: abdomen, aedeagus and genital segment edge completely covered by a sparse short seta- glued in DMHF resin on a separate card, same pin] tion and bearing two sexually dimorphic apical (QCAZ): Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 mt. a.s.l. 00° spurs near inner apical angle; metatibiae relati- 25’ S 79° 00’ W 30 Apr. 1999, leg. T. Enriquez/ ex vely slender, slightly triangular, ending with two human dung. Twenty-three Paratypes as follows: 2 11 short, fine, straight apical spurs, sides bearing (ABCB, QCAZ): Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 mt. regularly spaced strong short setae, outer face a.s.l. 00° 25’ S 79° 00’ W 25 March 1999, leg. T. smooth apart from some longitudinal to slightly Enriquez/ ex trampa MP60 cebo pescado; 2 11 transverse fine lines and horseshoe-shaped punc- (QCAZ): Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 mt. a.s.l. 00° tures. Expanded apical truncation absent. 25’ S 79° 00’ W 25 Apr. 1999, leg. T. Enriquez/ ex pit- Ventral side of tarsi (with the exception of the fall trap human dung; 1 6 1 1 (BDGC, QCAZ): last tarsomere) with tufts of short setae. Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 mt. a.s.l. 00° 25’ S 79° Sexual dimorphism: males have the inner apical 00’ W 27 Apr. 1999 ex MP60 trap fish; 1 6 1 1 7 8 spur of mesotibiae distinctly bent inwards, while (QCAZ): Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 mt. a.s.l. 00° in the female both apical spurs are straight, 25’ S 79° 00’ W 27 Apr. 1999, leg. T. Enriquez/ ex pit- moreover males have the inner apical spur of pro- fall trap human dung; 2 66 2 11 (BDGC, ABCB, tibiae distinctly thicker than in the female. QCAZ): Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 mt. a.s.l. 00° Male genitalia: aedeagus with parameres late- 25’ S 79° 00’ W 29 Apr. 1999, leg. T. Enriquez/ ex pit- rally flattened, relatively short and moderately fall trap human dung; 1 6 1 1 (QCAZ): Ecuador, sclerotized, very slightly asymmetrical (fig. 18); Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 mt. a.s.l. 00° 25’ S 79° 00’ W 30 basal piece slightly twisted and slightly longer Apr. 1999, leg. T. Enriquez/ ex human dung ; 1 6 than parameres; genital segment subtriangular, (QCAZ): Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 mt. a.s.l. 00° with branches joining together without forming a 25’ S 79° 00’ W 16 May 1999, leg. T. Enriquez/ ex MP60 distinct manubrium (fig. 13). Trap fish; 1 6 1 1 (QCAZ): Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 mt. a.s.l. 00° 25’ S 79° 00’ W 18 May 1999, Variability leg. L. Torres & M. Thubert/ ex pitfall trap human The type series is quite variable in the sculpturing dung; 1 6 (QCAZ): Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 of elytra, whose interstriae show a strong variability mt. a.s.l. 00° 25’ S 79° 00’ W 23 June 1999, leg. T. as to the number and development of tubercles, some Enriquez/ ex NTP80 trap (with fish); 1 6 (QCAZ): of the interstriae at the sides of each elytron having Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 mt. a.s.l. 00° 25’ S 79° the appearance of a longitudinal carina. The same 00’ W 2 July 1999, leg. T. Enriquez/ ex pitfall trap 9 10 applies to the striae (apart from the first four) and to human dung; 1 6 (QCAZ): Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga the apical area of elytra with a variable number of 2000 mt. a.s.l. 00° 25’ S 79° 00’ W 22 September 1999, tubercles and carinae. The punctation of head and leg. T. Enriquez/ ex pitfall trap human dung; 1 1 pronotum is less variable. (QCAZ): Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 mt. a.s.l. 00° 25’ S 79° 00’ W 16 February 2000, leg. T. Enriquez/ ex Identification NTP80 trap with fish; 1 6 (QCAZ): Ecuador, The combination of elytral sculpturing pattern Cotopaxi, Otonga 2000 mt. a.s.l. 00° 25’ S 79° 00’ W 19 (and especially the presence of tubercles on inter- February 2000, leg. T. Enriquez/ ex pitfall trap human striae also basally and medially), elytral shape (elon- dung; 1 1 (QCAZ): Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga 1800 gate and ovoidal in dorsal profile) and pronotal punc- mt. a.s.l. (Monte Bajo) 78°57’00”W 00°19’11”S 28 tation are key characters to distinguish this species June 1997 I.G. Tapia P. Ponce. from all other described Germarostes. No other known species shows this pattern of tubercles on the elytral Description interstriae. HL: 1.2 mm; HW: 2.0 mm; PL: 2.1 mm; PW: 3.8 mm; EL: 3.3 mm; EW: 3.6 mm. Etymology Medium sized flightless Ceratocanthinae. Body Named after Prof. Giuseppe Bartolomeo Osella strongly convex, dorsum glabrous (45x), shiny, (Università degli Studi dell’Aquila), student of uniformly black; underside, tarsi and antennae Curculionidae and collector of the type series of reddish brown. 11 12 this new species. Head: W/L ratio≈1.62; fore margin very irregu- larly broadly arcuate, with tip blunt and obtuse; Figs. 7-12. Germarostes (Germarostes) osellai n. sp. 7: epipharynx; Germarostes (Germarostes) otonga n. sp. 8: epipharynx; genae not aligned to fore margin, slightly produ- Distribution and Habitat Germarostes (Germarostes) pullus Paulian, 1982 9: epipharynx; Germarostes (Germarostes) aphodiodies (Illiger, 1800) 10: epi- The type locality is about 40 km north of Quito. ced outwards, blunt; genal canthus complete, pharynx; Germarostes (Haroldostes) diffundus (Petrovitz, 1973) 11: epipharynx; Germarostes (Germarostes) otonga n. sp. 12: anten- The type series was collected by sifting leaf litter narrow, narrower distally than proximally and na (scape partly broken). Scale bar: 100 µm in a cloud forest. fused with the occipital portion of head; dorsal

410 411 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 417-463 World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy. ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0 The species of Elytromena Motschulsky, 1860 with observations on Elytrosphaera Chevrolat, 1836 and related genera (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae) Mauro Daccordi *

* Museo Civico Storia Naturale, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 9, 37129 Verona (Italy). [email protected]

Las escalas más diversas de ortogénesis muy variadas se encuentran en la parte oriental de los Andes ecuatoriales, donde han formado la “Fauna de Las Yungas”, que costituirían un “laboratorio natural” de la mayor importancia y extensión. (J. Bechyné, 1980).

Abstract sidera un género independiente de Elytrosphaera In this work Elytromena Motschulsky, 1860 is considered Chevrolat, 1836 y se piensa que es próximo a a genus separate from Elytrosphaera Chevrolat, 1836 Calligrapha Chevrolat, 1836. Casi todos los tipos de las and is believed to be close to Calligrapha Chevrolat, especies conocidas de Elytromena han sido estudiados 1836. Almost all the types of the known species of (11 de 13) y 16 especies nuevas han sido descritas (E. Elytromena have been studied (11 of 13) and 16 new ballerioi, E. bordoni, E. caoduroi, E. casalei, E. constanti- species are described (E. ballerioi, E. bordoni, E. caodu- ni, E. geae, E. giachinoi, E. inopinata, E. joliveti, E. lacri- roi, E. casalei, E. constantini, E. geae, E. giachinoi, E. ino- ma, E. maculata, E. naponensis, E. obesa, E. paravariega- pinata, E. joliveti, E. lacrima, E. maculata, E. naponensis, ta, E. parva, E. ulianai). Mientras se examinaban críti- E. obesa, E. paravariegata, E. parva, E. ulianai). While camente todas las especies de Elytrosphaera y examining critically all the species of Elytrosphaera and Elytromena, los tipos que han sido encontrados, algu- Elytromena, including the types, some of these are now nos de éstos últimos se atribuieron a diferentes géne- attributed to different genera, such as: Elytrosphaera ros, tal como: Elytrosphaera pamela Bechyné, 1954, pamela Bechyné, 1954, Elytrosphaera pamela subsp. dor- Elytrosphaera pamela spp. dormina Bechyné, 1954, mina Bechyné, 1954, Elytromena marginicollis (Jacoby, Elytromena marginicollis (Jacoby, 1891), Elytromena 1891) and Elytromena quadrimaculata (Jacoby, 1883) quadrimaculata (Jacoby, 1883) in Stilodes Chevrolat, are now placed in Stilodes Chevrolat, 1836; Elytromena 1836; Elytromena annulata (Jacoby, 1883), Elytromena annulata (Jacoby 1883), Elytromena erratica (Jacoby, erratica (Jacoby, 1891), Elytromena mexicana Jacoby, 1891) and Elytromena mexicana Jacoby, 1883 now pla- 1883 in Strichosa (Desmogramma) Chevrolat 1836; ced in Strichosa (Desmogramma) Chevrolat, 1836; Elytromena aciculata (Stål, 1860), Elytromena bifascia- Elytromena aciculata (Stål, 1860), Elytromena bifasciata ta (Jacoby, 1881), Elytromena tibialis (Jacoby, 1884), (Jacoby, 1881), Elytromena tibialis (Jacoby, 1884) and Elytromena villica (Stål, 1860), in Leptinotarsa Elytromena villica (Stål, 1860) now placed in Chevrolat, 1836 (que todavía se cree un género inde- Leptinotarsa Chevrolat, 1836 (that is still believed to be pendiente de Stilodes); Elytromena faceta (Stål, 1865) a genus separate from Stilodes); Elytromena faceta (Stål, in Cryptostetha Baly, 1858; Elytrosphaera xanthopyga 1865) is transferred to Cryptostetha Baly, 1858; spp. montana Bechyné, 1950 es considerada un sinòni- Elytrosphaera sulcipennis Bechyné, 1950 is considered a mo nuevo de Elytrosphaera noverca Stål, 1858; valid species. Elytrosphaera xanthopyga subsp. montana Elytrosphaera sulcipennis Bechyné,1950 es considerada Bechyné, 1950 is a new synonym of E. noverca Stål, 1858; una buena especie; Elytrosphaera brevicollis (Jacoby, Elytrosphaera brevicollis (Jacoby, 1883), Elytrosphaera 1883), Elytrosphaera loja Bechyné, 1954, Elytrosphaera loja Bechyné, 1954, Elytrosphaera melas Jolivet, 1950 are melas Jolivet, 1950 son transferidos a Proseicela transferred to Proseicela Chevrolat, 1836 and the new Chevrolat, 1836 y por P. melas se propone un nuovo subgenus Elytroatra is proposed for E. melas. subgénero (Elytroatra). Se establece la siguiente sino- The following new synonymy is established: Jolivetia nimia nueva: Jolivetia obscura (Philippi, 1864) = obscura (Philippi, 1864) = Jolivetia ovatula (Stål, 1860). Jolivetia ovatula (Stål, 1860).

Key words: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae, Palabras clave: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae, Elytrosphaera, Elytromena, Jolivetia, Elytroatra: nov. Elytrosphaera, Elytromena, Jolivetia, Elytroatra: nov. sp., nov. comb., nov. subgen., nov. syn., Argentina, sp., nov. comb., nov. subgen., nov. syn., Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru. Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Resumen Introduction En este trabajo, Elytromena Motschulsky, 1860 se con- In any discussion of biodiversity one must keep

417 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 417-463

Elytromena types examined stockier and more compact shape, short, smooth, con- vex, with fine, sparse punctures (fig. 10). Apical third of Elytromena cartographica (Bechyné, 1950) epipleural inner margin without row of stiff setae. (figs. 1-10, 64-65) Intercoxal process of the metasternum whit thickened margin with a deep furrow in the middle of posterior The 6 HT is labelled “Macas, Ecuador”, “coll. margin. Lateral sides of the prosternal process thicke- Achard” “Elytrosph. cartographica m Type 1948 Det. J. ned. Body L = 6.9 mm; Body W = 4.0 mm. I could exa- Bechyneˇ ”, preserved in the NMPC and is in very bad mine a small series of this species from Ecuador, 7-IV- condition. Maxillary palpi, antennae and legs are mis- 85 Prov. Cañar KM 10, Cañar,Azogues ss. pierre 3550 m, sing, except for the femora of the left fore and middle Pierre Moret legit (1 6 in the BMNH; 1 6, MBc; 1 6,2 legs. I extracted the aedeagus (figs. 1-2) that I glued on 11 in PJc; 1 6,1 1 in MDc). Another 6 specimen from a pointed card placed under the card that bears the Ecuador, Cañar between Biblian – Cañar, 7 Km S Cañar, specimen, that was originally pinned. It is a characte- 3750 m, 19-V-1997 leg. Casale in MDc. Maxillary palpus ristic species with a yellow pattern on the elytra for- in fig. 4; antennae in fig. 8; onychium very short and med by wide longitudinal stripes (fig. 64). Prothorax swollen (fig. 6). The female of this species differs from transverse (L = 1.5 mm; W = 2.8 mm) (fig. 9) decidedly the male by a shorter antennae (fig. 7). Tarsomera narrower than elytra. Elytra not anteriorly declivitous slightly narrower (fig. 5). Spermatheca as in fig. 3. like in other Elytromena but raised giving altogether a Slightly larger size (Body L = 7.0 mm; Body W = 4.0 mm). 0.5 mm

4 0.5 mm

1

2 0.5 mm

5 6 7 8 0.2 mm

3 0.5 mm 1.0 mm 0.5 mm

910

Figs. 1-10. E. cartographica: 1) aedeagus, dorsal view. 2) aedeagus, lateral view. 3) spermatheca. 4) maxillary palpus. 5) protarsus 1. 6) protarsus 6. 7) antenna 1. 8) antenna 6. 9) lateral sides of pronotum (schematic). 10) elytral punctures (schematic).

422 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 417-463 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 417-463

Fig. 64. E. cartographica. HT, 6. (Photo: A. Ballerio). Fig. 65. E. cartographica. 1. (Photo: A. Ballerio). Fig. 68. E. fulminigera. HT, 6. (Photo: A. Ballerio). Fig. 69. E. graphiptera. HT, 1. (Photo: A. Ballerio).

Fig. 66. E. famosa. PT, 1. (Photo: A. Ballerio). Fig. 67. E. flammigera. HT, 6. (Photo: A. Ballerio). Fig. 70. E. testudinaria. HT, 6. (Photo: A. Ballerio). Fig. 71. E. jacobyi. HT, 1. (Photo: A. Ballerio).

430 431 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 417-463 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 417-463

Also the punctation has considerable variability both on the pronotum and elytra, in some specimens it is very thick and uniform. In the male specimen from Papallacta the punctures are the double in size those in the type and tend also to form short rows.The male spe- cimen from Pichincha has a more oval shape, and the elytral punctures are coarser than described for the type. In some specimens the elytra are slightly declivi- tous anteriorly. I also found some slight differences in the median lobe of the aedeagus, the apex of which in 1 specimen of E. naponensis from Tungurahua (Piscuyambo lagoon) is wider than in the type (fig. 210). E. naponensis is a spe- cies close to E. jacobyi, but in this taxon it has a yellow stripe in the middle of the thorax, the sides of the tho- rax are very widened and broadly arcuate, and the sutures on the head, particularly the metopic one, are neatly incised in E. jacobyi. E. naponensis is also similar to E. parva n. sp., but this species shows the frons raised where the metopic suture joins with the frontoclypeal sutures, while it is completely flat in E. naponensis; the margins of the thorax are more sinuous near the poste- rior angle in E. naponensis, straighter in E. parva.

Elytromena parva n. sp. (figs. 225, 226-235) Loc. Typ. : Ecuador, Cotopaxi. Type series: HT 6, Ecuador, Cotopaxi, prairies alpi- Fig. 220. E. lacrima. HT, 6. (Photo: R. Constantin). Fig. 222. E. geae. HT, 1. (Photo: R. Constantin). Fig. 223. E. ulianai. HT, 6. (Photo: R. Constantin). nes à 4200 m, III – 1965, N. & C. Leleup. ( IRSNB); 1 1, same data, (IRSNB); 1 6,1 1, same data, (MDc).

Diagnosis Small, round, convex. Frons raised in the middle, particularly where metopic suture (not visibile) meets the frontoclypeal sutures. Antennae slender. Thorax wide and arcuate with sinuous sides. Elytral punctures very small and dense. Apical third of epi- pleural inner margin without line of setae.

Description A small species. Body shape short, round, con- vex. Head and thorax (except lateral and Chrome Orange anterior margins) Warm Sepia in colour. Elytra Brick Red with a Spectrum Orange pat- tern laterally and on epipleura, with an isolated spot near base, two symmetrical sickle-shaped spots reach scutellum, a transverse zig-zagging stripe on posterior third, lateral stripe widens on apex covering it. Legs and ventral parts Mahogany Red (fig. 213). Head large with sparse punctures, the clypeus is practically impunctate; frons wide with some coar- se punctures close to ocular margin, frontoclypeal sutures slightly incised on vertex, where they flow with metopic suture (not perceptible except as slight rise in frontal surface); eyes round. Last seg- ment of maxillary palpi elongated, truncate on the apex (fig. 228). Antennae long and thin (fig. 236). Fig. 221. E. casalei. HT, 1. (Photo: A. Ballerio). Fig. 224. E. naponensis. HT, 6. (Photo: A. Ballerio). Fig. 225. E. parva. HT, 6. (Photo: A. Ballerio). Prothorax wide, transverse (L = 1.3 mm; W = 2.3

458 459 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 417-463

KEY TO CLASSIFY THE ELYTROMENA SPECIES

1 Wide continuous yellow stripe (Spectrum Yellow) along the elytral suture, other stripe, that start from this, covering the whole elytral surface with a sinuous longitudinal pattern. Elytra raised at the base. Onychium short and enlarged. Apical third of the epipleural inner margin without setae ...... cartographica Bechyné - Pattern on the elytra not as above. Elytra declivous at the base. Onychium narrow and elongate. Apical third of the epipleural inner margin, usually, with a row of setae ...... 2 2 Punctures on the elytral disc tending to form some regular rows that delimit more or less short and prominent ridges ...... 3 - Punctures on the elytral disc irregular; elytra smooth, without ridges ...... 12 3 Apical third of epipleural inner margin with 2-4 thin setae either not easily visible, or not present ...... 4 - Apical third of epipleural inner margin with 10 or more setae ...... 8 4 Elytra blackish. Thorax very wide; yellow-reddish pattern on elytra and on sides of the thorax very reduced, poorly visibile ...... joliveti n. sp. - Elytra light brown. Thorax narrow; yellow pattern on elytra in wide squiggles that involve whole elytral surface; anterior and posterior margins of the prothorax with continuous yellow line, often present also in middle of pronotal disc ...... 5 5 Pattern on elytra consisting of thin yellow lines, some forming irregular circles basally, subapi- cally with connecting lines sublaterally and another cutting through basal circle near humeri ...... 6 - Elytra with weak ridges. Yellow pattern on elytra with wide stripe, in part fragmented and con- fused ...... 7 6 Disc of the thorax smooth and without the yellow median line ...... graphiptera Stål - Disc of thorax with coarse, sparse punctures; yellow longitudinal line in middle of pronotum ...... testudinaria Stål 7 Sides of thorax sinuous at the base ...... variegata Achard - Sides of thorax not sinuous at base ...... paravariegata n. sp. 8 Elytra brown or reddish ochre. Epipleurae ochre like elytral margin or Ochre with yellow zone continuing with yellow stripe on elytra. Ventral parts of thorax reddish brown ...... 9 - Elytra black or Ultramare Blue or Indigo Blue with yellow spots and stripe not reaching com- pletely black epipleurae. Ventral parts of thorax black ...... 11 9 Prothorax weakly raised, wide, flat, with sinuous margins. Sides of thorax mostly Ochre with a wide brown spot in middle of disc. Scutellum narrow, triangular; Mahogani Red colour with chro- me orange spots and lines. Reddish stripe along margin of elytra that spreads covering comple- tely epipleurae and extends into a loop on elytral disc and that reaches the narrow and elonga- te apex, an isolated subhumeral spot shaped like an upside down eight ...... caoduroi n. sp. - Prothorax narrow with straight margins. A narrow yellow stripe laterally, on anterior margin and in middle of disc of thorax. Scutellum enlarged, ogival. Elytra light brown in colour with yellow stripes and squiggles on all elytral surface. Epipleurae with yellow spots extended with yellow lines on elytra. Elytral apex rounded with a yellow ringlike spot ...... 10 10 Legs reddish. Frontoclypeal sutures deeply incised ...... ballerioi n. sp. - Legs black. Frontoclypeal sutures weakly incised ...... giachinoi n. sp. 11 Lines yellow or reddish yellow on the elytra in a complicated twisting pattern. Maximum width of thorax before middle ...... nivalis Kirsch - Yellow lines on elytra reduced to a thin serpentine stripe on the sides, 5 isolated yellow spots slightly elongate. Maximum width of the thorax in the middle ...... sculptilis Kirsch 12 Apical third of epipleural inner margin with row of setae ...... 13 - Apical third of epipleural inner margin without row of setae ...... 26 13 Epipleurae monochromatic without spots or yellow pattern ...... 14 - Epipleurae with spots or yellow pattern extending from lines on elytra ...... 20 14 Elytra with 7 isolated large yellow spots of an irregular shape only ...... maculata n. sp. - Elytra having a yellow or brownish pattern with arabesques or squiggles or zigzags or with small isolated fragmented spots or with a yellow stripe on sides and one or more yellow or reddish spots on elytral disc ...... 15

461 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 465-468 World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy. ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0 Description of a new species of Melyrodes Gorham, 1882 from Ecuador (Coleoptera, Melyridae) Robert Constantin *

* 103 impasse de la Roquette, 50000 Saint-Lô (France). [email protected]

Abstract material (inclusive of the types) is deposited: Melyrodes lojaensis, a new species from Vilcabamba and MNHN: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris Catamayo (Loja province) is described with illustra- QCAZ: Pontificia Universidad Cátolica del Ecuador, tion of the habitus, of the antennae, of the last abdo- Museo de Zoologia, Quito minal segments and of the genitalia. Differences from RCC: Robert Constantin collection, Saint-Lô. Melyrodes atricolor Pic, 1927, described from Bolivia, are discussed. The anatomical terms employed below follow Majer (1987,1994). Specimens were mounted on cards. Key words: Coleoptera, Melyridae, Melyrodes,new Dissections were carried out after a short immersion species, Ecuador. of the abdomen in a solution of potassium dioxyde; the tiny genital pieces were included in a drop of Resumen polyvinylpyrrolidone' solution on an acetate support Se describe Melyrodes lojaensis nov. sp. a partir de (Liberti, 2005) pinned with the specimen. ejemplares procedentes de Vilcabamba y Catamayo (provincia de Loja), se illustra con la fotográfia del Taxonomy adulto, los dibujos de las antenas, de los ultimos seg- mentos abdominales y de la genitalia masculina. Se Melyrodes lojaensis n. sp. separa con el proximo Melyrodes atricolor Pic, 1927, (figs. 1, 2, 3-13) procedente de Bolivia. Type series: Holotype 6: ECUADOR, prov. LOJA, 30 Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Melyridae, Melyrodes, km W of Catamayo, road to Tambara y Cola, 3°58'S, nueva especie, Ecuador. 79°32'W, 2008 m, 22.XI.2007, R. Constantin (MNHN). Paratypes: 1 1 2 11, ECUADOR, prov. LOJA, same Introduction data as the holotype; 1 6 2 11, ECUADOR, prov. Melyridae, in the restricted sense defined by LOJA, 30 km S of Vilcabamba, forest 8 km S of Majer (1995), are represented in the neotropical Yangana, 4°23'S, 79°09'W, 2122 m, 20.XI.2007, R. regions by two subfamilies Astylinae and Melyrinae. Constantin (QCAZ, RCC). The Astylinae include two genera Astylus Laporte de Castelnau, 1836 and Arthrobrachus Solier, 1849, Description with many species in South America. The neotropi- Black, except major parts of the antennae and cal Melyrinae are represented only by the genus apical half of the tibiae yellowish brown. Second Melyrodes Gorham, 1882. antennal joint and basal parts of the tibiae ful- This genus, shortly defined by the lack of elytral vous yellow. Ventral side pitchy brown, lateral costae, includes 8 species according to Pic (1929) sides of the abdomen reddish brown. and Mayor (2002): – 3 occuring in the USA: Melyrodes basalis (LeConte, 1852), M. cribrata Holotype 6.– Head subopaque. Frons slightly (LeConte, 1852) and M. floridana (Casey, 1895); – 4 depressed before the antennae, fitted with thin, occuring in Central America: M. crenata Gorham, yellowish setae. Eyes strongly prominent. 1882, M. cupripennis Pic, 1898, M. perforata Interocular space 1.4 times longer than the maxi- Gorham, 1886 and M. serricauda Champion, 1914; – mum length of the eye. Antenna long, very slender, 1 described from Bolivia and briefly quoted from reaching the middle of the abdomen, fitted with South Peru (PIC, 1954): M. atricolor Pic, 1927. thin, long, brownish setae (figs. 3, 4). Antennal A collection of Dasytidae and Melyridae in joint I moderately inflated, II short and globular, Ecuador, carried out by the Author, has brought to III very short and small, IV-IX triangular and elon- light a new species of Melyrodes, here described as gate, X-XI elongate, 3 times longer than wide. new. Temples short, narrowed toward the base. Pronotum small, transverse, 1.5 times wider Material and Methods than long, its maximum width in the middle, Abbreviations of Institutions in which the studied feebly convex crosswise. Lateral sides regularly

465 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 465-468 rounded, basal edge rounded, with posterior lobe with two series of ventral denticulations. angles undefined, front edge nearly straight. Dimensions (holotype): total length (TL) = 2.2 Bordered with a thin, slightly crenulated margin. mm; – antennal length (AL) = 1 mm; – head width Discal surface feebly lustrous, with umbilicate (HW) = 0.54 mm; – interocular width (IOW) = shallow puncture, their interval smaller than the 0.31 mm; – pronotum length (PL) = 0.38 mm; – puncture. Scattered pubescence of short adpres- pronotum width (PW) = 0.56 mm; – elytra length sed yellowish setae converging toward the center. from humerus to apex (EL) = 1.6 mm; – elytrae Elytrae elongate, subparallel, 2.3 times longer width together at the base (EW) = 0.71 mm; – pro- than wide together, gradually widened poste- tibia = 0.43 mm; – protarsus = 0.31 mm; – mesoti- riorly, non costate. Surface lustrous. Puncturation bia = 0.5 mm; – mesotarsus = 0.36 mm; – metati- rather thin, the points confused and not arranged bia = 0.53 mm; – metatarsus = 0.38 mm. in rows, intervals feebly microreticulate. Suture Other male paratypes: Length = 2.2-2.4 mm. feebly raised in the apical third. Pubescence of thin, adpressed, yellowish setae directed back- Paratypes 11. Differ from the male by the much wards. The apical margin explanate, bordered shorter antennae (fig. 5), the smaller eyes with with a crenulate thickening and fitted with an wider frons, the much bigger pronotum 1.5 times inferior apical tooth. Legs slender. Tarsal claws wider than long, the shorter elytrae. Abdomen long, thickened at the base, simple (without teeth with tergite VIII simple, feebly emarginate (fig. or denticulations). 13), sternite VIII emarginate-sinuate (fig. 12). Abdomen with spicular fork forming a complete Dimensions, four female paratypes: TL = 2-2.4 mm; ring, lateral struts atrophied before apical edge – AL = 0.48-0.57 mm; – HW = 0.47-0.53 mm; – IOW (fig. 9), tergite VIII (pygydium) truncate, apical = 0.31-0.36 mm; – PL = 0.38-0.47 mm; – PW = 0.58- edge slightly emarginate (fig. 11), sternite VII 0.70; – EL = 1.45-1.67 mm; – EW = 0.69-0.82 mm. emarginate, sternite VIII subtruncate, feebly con- cave at the apical edge, without median keel (fig. Notes on the habits of adults 10). Aedeagus (fig. 6-8) peculiar by the apical part The present material was collected in two different of the tegmen forming two hooks, the median places. The locality near Catamayo is a low mountain

1 2

Figs. 1, 2. Melyrodes lojaensis n. sp.:1) male holotype; 2) female.

466 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 469-476 World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy. ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0 Two new species of Howdeniola Osella (1980) from Ecuador (Coleoptera Curculionidae Cossoninae)*** Cesare Bellò* - Giuseppe Osella**

* Via A. Vespucci n. 11/A, 31033 Castelfranco Veneto, Treviso, (Italy). [email protected] ** Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università dell’Aquila, Via Vetoio s.n. Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila (Italy). [email protected] *** Results of the WBA Program “Biological Research in South America”. XII contribution.

Abstract dent eyes, the presence of a small scutellum, the Howdeniola margheritae n.sp. and Howdeniola onorei coxae more widely separated, and the distinct n.sp. (Curculionidae Cossoninae) from Ecuador, speci- metepisternum: see also Kuschel (1959a, 1959b). mens collected by sieving forest humus in the “bosque We here describe two new species of nublado” of Otonga (Cotopaxi-Las Pampas) and in the Howdeniola from Ecuador. This work is based on subparamo of Cerro Blanco (Pichincha-S. Josè de the study of material collected by the authors; Minas), respectively, are described, illustrated and dis- collected in projects studying the biodiversity of cussed. Some preliminary considerations on the ecolo- Andean mountain forests and, in particular, of gical and zoogeographical attributes of blind the bosque nublado and of the paramo. Curculionid Coleoptera of the Americas are presented. Materials and Methods Key words: Howdeniola, new species, soil weevils, Aside from specimens collected by themselves, the Ecuador. authors have also used material collected by H. Pierotti in 2002 and the material present in the ento- Resumen mological collections of the Pontificia Universidad Howdeniola margheritae n.sp. y Howdeniola onorei Catolica de Quito. Personal collecting was carried out n.sp. (Curculionidae Cossoninae) del Ecuador, reco- by sieving litter, with 1 cm mesh sieves, sampling down gidas con el tamiz Winkler en el humus forestal to a depth of about 10 cm. The sieved material was respectivamente del “bosque nublado” de Otonga then passed through a second sieve having a 0.5 cm (Cotopaxi-Las Pampas) y del subpáramo del Cerro mesh (Fig.1). The collected material was preserved in Blanco (Pichincha-S. Josè de Minas), son diagnostica- a mixture of 70% ethanol and glacial acetic acid, with das y discutidas. El trabajo se concluye con las consi- a ratio of 95:5, respectively, and then prepared dry.The deraciones preliminares de las caracteristicas ecoló- genitalia were dissected and cleaned from the sur- gicas, sistemáticas y zoogeográficas de la población rounding membranes, then they were placed dry on a de Coleópteros Curculiónidos ciegos de las Américas. white card (provisional preparation) and on a transpa- rent DMHF plastic tag (final preparation). Palabras clave: Howdeniola, nuevas especies, gorgojos Photographs of the specimens, of the habitus, and of edáficos, Ecuador. the different details, were taken by means of a stereo- microscope Olympus SZH10 connected with a digital Introduction camera Nikon Coolpix 4500. The genus Howdeniola was described by Osella (1980) to place two curculionids of the This material is preserved in the collections of Cesare Columbian Andean area (Howdeniola sulcipennis Bellò (CB), Giuseppe Osella (GO) and that of the and Howdeniola nitidipennis) collected in forest Pontificia Università Catolica de Quito (UCQ). litter and characterized by vestigial eyes, shiny integument, elongated tibial uncus, and 7-articu- Howdeniola margheritae n. sp. lated funiculus. Osella (1980) did not specify the (Fig. 2) placement of this taxon at a sub-family or tribal level. Howden (1992) subsequently placed the Type locality: Ecuador, Cotopaxi: Las Pampas, Otonga genus in the subfamily Cossoninae on the m 1800/2200, 79°00’ W, 00°25’5’’S. grounds of the structure of the stylus of the fema- le coxite and of the vestigial eyes. According to Type series: 6 holotype labeled “Ecuador, Cotopaxi; Howden (1992), Howdeniola appeared to be more Otonga m 1800/2200, 23.VII.2004 legg. Bellò, Osella & closely related to some (not yet described) spe- Pogliano. The holotype, temporarily, is preserved in cies of Micromimus Wollaston (1873) from Osella’s collection (GO). Panama. These Micromimus differ however from Paratypes: 1 6, Ecuador, Cotopaxi, las Pampas m Howdeniola by the less evidently narrowed junc- 1500, 78°57'042’’ W – 00°25’16’’S, 2.VII.1997, legg. tion between the head and rostrum, the weaker Tapia Ponce (UCQ); 1 6, Ecuador, Cotopaxi, las narrowing of the prothorax, the presence of evi- Pampas m 1500, 78°57'042’’ W – 00°25’16’’S,

469 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 469-476 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 469-476

Fig.1. Cotopaxi: Las Pampas, Otonga; sieving litter.

28.VI.1997, legg. Tapia–Ponce (UCQ); 1 6, Ecuador, Cotopaxi, las Pampas m 1500, 78°57'042’’ W – Fig. 3. Cotopaxi: Las Pampas, Otonga: “bosque nublado”. Fig. 4. Howdeniola onorei n.sp., holotypus 6: habitus. 00°25’16’’S, 24.VII.1999, legg. Tapia–Ponce (UCQ); 4 11, Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga m 2000, 1.III.2003, 79°00’ W, 00°25’5’’S, leg. M. Mora (pitfall traps) (2 11 in UCQ, 2 11 in CB, GO); 3 11, Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga m 2000, 20.VII.2002, leg. H. Pierotti (CB, GO); 1 1, Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Otonga m 2000, 22.VII.2002, m 2000, legg. G. Osella–M. Pogliano (GO).

Diagnosis This species is characterized by a cylindrical elongate pronotum, ovaliform sulcate-striate ely- tra, slightly carinate and setulose interstriae, strongly punctured striae, vestigial eyes (one white ommatidium), punctured ventrites, and an elongate pointed aedeagus.

Description of the 6 holotype Integument red–brown, elytrae with thin and erect setae. Body elongate, slightly ellyptical, antennae and tibiae light red. Rostrum cylindri- cal, bent, slightly broader from the apical fifth onwards, dorsally variously punctured, with a thin median carina, apically shiny, smooth. Scrobes bent, reaching the base of head. Antennae inserted at the apical fifth or rostrum; scape claviform; funiculus cylindrical, faintly wider distally, reaching the base of the rostrum, Fig. 2. Howdeniola margheritae n.sp., holotypus 6: habitus. of 7 articles of a progressivley wider form (from Fig. 5. Pichincha: S. Josè la Minas, Cerro Blanco, m 3000-3100; subparamo. the 2nd to the 7th), the 1st article wider than lon-

470 471 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 477-481 World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy. ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0 Two new species of the Pyramica gundlachi-group from Ecuador (Hymenoptera Formicidae)*** Fabrizio Rigato* - Antonio Scupola**

* Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Corso Venezia 55, I-20121 Milano (Italy). [email protected] **Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 9, I-37129 Verona (Italy). [email protected] *** Results of the WBA Program “Biological Research in South America”. XIII contribution.

Abstract Total length (TL). The length of the outstretched spe- Pyramica osellai n. sp. and P. heterodonta n. sp. from cimen from the mandibular apex to the gastral tip. Ecuador are here described and assigned to the Head length (HL). In full face view, excluding the Pyramica gundlachi-group because of their long man- mandibles, from the occipital border to the clypeal dibles, and to the P. gundlachi-complex because of margin. In case of concave occiput and/or clypeus, it their long trigger hairs, the presence of just 2 inter- is taken from a line tangent to the most protruding calary denticles between apical mandibular teeth portions of occiput and/or clypeus. and absence of a large preapical denticle around the Head width (HW). The maximum head width in full midlength of each mandible. Both new species differ face view. from other members of the complex for their preapi- Cephalic index (CI). HWx100/HL cal mandibular dentition and some minor characters Mandibular length (ML). In full face view with fully and may form a separate species cluster. closed mandibles, from the mandibular apex to the clypeal margin. Key words: ants, Pyramica, Dacetini, Neotropics, taxo- Mandibular index (MI). MLx100/HL. nomy. Scape length (SL). Excluding the basal condylar bulb and “neck”. Resumen Scape index (SI). SLx100/HW. Se describen Pyramica osellai n. sp. y P. heterodonta n. Pronotal width (PW). The maximum pronotal width sp. de Ecuador. Ambas especies son asignadas al in dorsal view. grupo-Pyramica gundlachi, por sus largas mandíbulas, Alitrunk length (AL). Weber’s length of the alitrunk: y al complejo-P. gundlachi por sus largos pelos de in profile from the anteriormost point where pronotal alarma, la presencia sólo de 2 dentículos intercalares convexity meets the cervical shield to the posterior- entre los dientes apicales mandibulares y la ausencia most angle of the metapleuron. de un ancho dentículo preapical cerca de la zona All measurements were taken by means of a Leica 9.5 media de cada mandíbula. Estos dos nuevos táxones stereomicroscope with an ocular graticule and a “car- difieren de otras especies del complejo por su denti- rier AX”, which allows to work on a single optic path ción preapical mandibular y algunos otros caracteres and a fully perpendicular view in order to obtain de menor importancia y pueden formar un grupo de more precise data. especies independientes. Photographs were taken from uncoated specimens by means of a SEM Jeol JSM 5610-LV. Palabras clave: hormigas, Pyramica, Dacetini, Neotropical, taxonomía. Depositories ASPC: Antonio Scupola personal collection. Introduction MSNM: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, In 2006 one of us (AS) participated in a scienti- Italy. fic expedition to Ecuador, organized by WBA MSNV: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, (World Biodiversity Association, non-profit orga- Italy. nization) in collaboration with prof. Giovanni QCAZ: Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Onore (“Pontificia Universidad Católica del Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador. Ecuador”), where some ant material was collec- ted. Among those specimens there were some Pyramica osellai n. sp. interesting ones, including two still undescribed (figs. 1-3) species of the genus Pyramica with long mandi- bles and belonging in the gundlachi-group as Holotype worker.TL 2.5, HW 0.45, HL 0.60, CI 75, ML defined by Bolton (2000) in his recent worldwide 0.38, MI 63, SL 0.35, SI 78, PW 0.30, AL 0.65. revision of Dacetini. Mandibles relatively long and narrow with several preapical teeth and denticles: 7 on the left and 5 on Materials and methods the right; the right mandible lacks two of the smallest Measurements and indices are as in Bolton (2000): denticles. The distalmost preapical tooth is very close

477 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 477-481 to the base of the apicodorsal teeth on both mandi- sed. Postoral transverse groove visible in profile, but bles. The two largest teeth are at the apical third of not very deep. each mandible. Apical fork with two intercalary den- Pronotum anteriorly delimited by a transverse carina ticles. Labral lobes well developed but distinctly marking a step above the cervical shield. Alitrunk shorter than trigger hairs. Anterior clypeal border profile with a convex promesonotum; mesonotum slo- convex medially. Antennal scrobe moderately impres- ping gradually to the weakly convex base of the pro- podeum. Metanotal impression faint. Mesonotum and metanotal groove laterally marked by a weak carina. Propodeal teeth strong, slightly upturned and some- what raised; their posterior edge forms a carina bor- dering the propodeal declivity. Petiole with a dome- like node, slightly convex above and posteriorly deli- mited by a transverse lamella just before the inser- tion of the postpetiole. Postpetiole much wider than petiole; in profile slightly lower and weakly convex above. The postpetiolar tergite bears anteriorly a transverse spongiform carina and posteriorly a trans- verse spongiform lamella at the insertion of the gaster; this lamella laterally widens and becomes lobiform. Postpetiolar sternite with a well developed spongiform appendage, which is bluntly subtriangu- lar in profile. Gaster anteriorly with a transverse spongiform thin 1 500 µm lamella fitting that of the postpetiolar tergite. Sculpture. Head, alitrunk and waist mostly densely reticulate-punctate; meso and metapleuron and post- petiolar disc chiefly smooth and shining. Gaster smooth with very short longitudinal costulae basally. Pilosity. Main erect setae on the body long and slightly clavate (remiform) and with the following arrangement: a pair apicoscrobal, two pairs on head dorsum (one on the vertex and one on the occiput), a humeral pair, a pair anteriorly on mesonotum, two pairs on the petiolar node, 8 hairs on the postpetiole arranged in two transverse rows. Gastral tergites bear several regularly arranged hairs. Ground pilosity (pubescence) sparse and slightly raised on head and alitrunk, a little more abundant on the appendages, including mandibles. Gastral sternites apically with 2 100 µm long simple hairs, proximally the first sternite bears the usual transverse fringe of curled hairs. Anterior clypeal border fringed with spatulate hairs. Leading edge of scape with several standing, curved, simple to weakly spatulate hairs: the first two are bent toward the apex of the scape, the following 2 or 3 are bent toward the base and the few remaining ones are bent toward the apex. Colour. Body brown; mandibles, antennae and tarsi testaceous; coxae, femurs and tibiae light brown.

Paratype gyne. TL 2.8, HW 0.49, HL 0.66, CI 74, ML 0.41, MI 62, SL 0.38, SI 78, PW 0.35, AL 0.75. Mostly as the worker, and with the usual caste diffe- rences. 3 50 µm Preapical mandibular dentition differs as follows: left mandible with 5 preapical teeth and denticles, Figs. 1-3. Pyramica osellai, holotype worker: body profile (1); right one with 6. When compared with worker’s man- head (2); apical forks of the mandibles (3). dibles the gyne keeps these consistent features: at least two close proximal denticles, well separated by

478 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 483-496 World Biodiversity Association onlus, Verona, Italy. ISSN 1971-1557 ISBN 978-88-902816-0-0 A preliminary avifaunal survey along the Rio Yanayacu-Pucate, Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, Loreto, Peru (*****) Ottavio Janni* - Giovanni Boano** - Marco Pavia*** - Fabrizio Silvano****

* Via Monte Muto 29, 81016 Piedimonte Matese (CE) (Italy). [email protected] ** Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Carmagnola, Via San Francesco di Sales 188 I-10022 Carmagnola (TO) (Italy). [email protected] *** Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, I-10125 Torino (Italy). [email protected] **** Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Stazzano, Villa Gardella, I-15060 Stazzano (AL) (Italy). ***** this is publication n.1 of the ECOMUSA Project.

Abstract south of the Amazon/Maranon river, and east of the We present the results of a rapid avifaunal survey Ucayali, two important biogeographical barriers along the Rio Yanayacu-Pucate, an area hitherto unvi- (fig. 1), and its avifauna thus differs to some extent sited by ornithologists, within the Pacaya-Samiria from that of other localities in Loreto located on National Reserve (PSNR), Loreto, Peru. We recorded the north bank of the Amazon/Maranon. Extensive 246 species in eleven days of field work, including five ornithological field work was conducted in PSRN new records for PSNR (Cathartes burrovianus, by Begazo & Valqui (1998a), resulting in a total of Picumnus castelnau, Catharus ustulatus, Sporophila bou- approximately 495 species recorded from the reser- vronides, Hemithraupis guira). We also present note- ve (Begazo &Valqui, 1998b). Nevertheless, vast worthy distributional and ecological data on an addi- areas of the PSRN remain unexplored by ornitholo- tional 13 species. gists. Ours is the first ornithological survey along the Rio Yanayacu-Pucate, which is a different river Key words: bird diversity, western Amazonia, varzea. from the Rio Yanayacu where Begazo & Valqui (1998a) conducted part of their field work. Resumen Se presentan los resultados de un inventario ornitoló- Study Sites gico rapido a lo largo del Rio Yanayacu-Pucate, un sitio XX de Enero (4° 39’ S, 73° 49’ W; 102 m a.s.l., March 14 que no ha sido visitado antes por ornitologos, en la and March 21-24).This is a small village on the right bank Reserva Nacional Pacaya-Samiria (PSNR), Loreto, of the Rio Yanayacu-Pucate, about 1 km upstream from Perú. Se han registrado 246 especies en onze dias de its confluence with the Maranon River. Habitats near the trabajo de campo, con 5 nuevos registros para PSNR (Cathartes burrovianus, Picumnus castelnau, Catharus ustulatus, Sporophila bouvronides, Hemithraupis guira). También se presentan datos nota- bles sobre la distribución y ecología de otras 13 especies.

Palabras clave: avifauna, diversidad, Amazonia occidental, varzea.

Introduction This paper presents bird records based on sight records, tape recor- dings, mist net captures, and speci- mens collected during a preliminary multi-taxa survey (ECOMUSA Project) conducted by the Museo di Storia Naturale di Carmagnola (Torino, Italy) and the Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos (Loreto, Peru) at two sites in the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve (PSNR), Loreto, northeastern Peru, from March 14 to March 24, 2002. The PSNR is the largest protected area in the Peruvian Amazon, covering Fig. 1. Map of the Rio Yanayacu-Pucate with the localization of Yarina and XX de Enero. over 2 million hectares. It is located

483 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 483-496

village where field work was conducted include orchards, second growth, rather degraded varzea forest behind the village, flooded varzea forest (surveyed by canoe), and flooded, Cecropia dominated second growth.

Yarina (4° 45’ S, 73° 59’ W; m 110 a.s.l., March 15-21). This is another small village on the right bank of the Yanayacu-Pucate, about 20 km upstream from XX de Enero. Human impact is much more limited here, and there are no other settlements on the Yanayacu-Pucate upstream from Yarina. Most of the field work here was concentrated in varzea and transitional forest. Sporadic observations were also made during boat travel bet- ween the two sites.

Methods Birds were recorded through visual observations using 8 x 42 and 10 x 40 binoculars and tape recorded with a Sony TCM 5000 tape recorder and Sennheiser ME 80 directional microphone. Surveys were conducted either on foot, or by canoe on the Rio Yanayacu-Pucate. In addition, mist-nets set from ground level to 2 meters high were used at both XX de Enero and Yarina in order to sample the understory avifauna. Mist-net lines of 10-20 nets (using 12-meter nets) were run for a total of 570 net-hours at Yarina and 300 net-hours at XX de Enero. A total of 196 individuals of 58 species were mist-netted in both sites among them 8 species were detected exclusively by mist-net capture. Field work Fig. 2. Views of the flooded varzea forest close to XX de Enero. (Photo S. Zucca).

Fig. 3. View of the Rio Yanayacu-Pucate close to Yarina. (Photo M. Pavia).

484 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 483-496 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 483-496

Fig. 6. Galbula cyanicollis. Fig. 7. Galbula cyanescens. Fig. 12. Formicarius analis, juvenile. Fig. 13. Formicarius colma.

Fig. 8. Pteroglossus azara was present with the brown-mandi- Fig. 9. Deconychura stictolaema, male. Fig. 14. Phlegopsis nigromaculata, male. Fig. 15. Hylophylax naevius, male. bled subspecies mariae.

Fig. 10. Xenops minutus, male. Fig. 11. Hypocnemis cantator, female: according the split proposed Fig. 16. Arundicola leucocephala, male. Fig. 17. Pipra filicauda, male, the commonest species in the by Isler et al. (2007), the taxon found in PSRN is H. peruviana. mist-net sample.

488 489 Biodiversity of South America, I. Memoirs on Biodiversity, 1 (2008): 483-496

Appendix 1 - List of the species observed during the common (recorded on most days, usually less than 5 ECOMUSA survey in the Pacaya-Samiria National individuals), U: Uncommon (not recorded most days), Reserve. For the two different localities an indicative R: Rare (no more than 1-2 records per site). abundance value is also given, based on our own data. C: Common (5+ individuals recorded daily), F: Fairly The (*) mark species documented with photo and/or specimen.

Common Name Scientific Name Yarina XX Enero Documented

Cinereous Tinamou Crypturellus cinereus FU Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui UU Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulatus FF Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus U Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum U Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus FU Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius U Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis U Striated Heron Butorides striata UC Snowy Egret Egretta thula U Great Egret Ardea alba UF Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi CC Agami Heron Agamia agami R Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis F Horned Screamer Anhima cornuta U Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata UU Black Vulture Coragyps atratus FC * Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura UC * Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus F* Greater Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes melambrotus F King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa UU Osprey Pandion haliaetus U Slender-billed Kite Rostrhamus hamatus UU Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea FF Slate-colored Hawk Leucopternis schistaceus U Great Black-Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga U Black-collared Hawk Busarellus nigricollis CC * Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris UC Red-throated Caracara Ibycter americanus U Black Caracara Daptrius ater U Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima FC Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans U Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis F Blue-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cumanensis R Pale-winged Trumpeter Psophia leucoptera R Sungrebe Heliornis fulica CF Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana C* Pied Lapwing Hoploxypterus cayanus U* Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia U Large-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex C Yellow-billed Tern Sternula superciliaris C Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis F Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea FF Ruddy Pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea UU Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla FF * Blue-and-yellow Macaw Ara ararauna F

492