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Special Libraries, 1919 Special Libraries, 1910s

11-1-1919

Special Libraries, November 1919

Special Libraries Association

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NOVEMBER, x g I g No. 8

Safety Education and the Library

BY E. GEORGE PAYNE

Principal, Harris Teachers' College, St. Louis, Mo. Author, "Education in Accident Prevention"

One of the finest educational outcomes of defend the curriculum on the ground that it the Great World War has been the recog- develops a healthy citizenship and is worth nition on the part of educators as well as of while without being able deflnitely to show business men generally that school keeping the elements of citizenship and personality is an exceedingly serious and important busi- that are created through school instruction. ness. People have discovered that school We must be able to show how this is to be keeping is vitally significant because of the done. Therefore, the principle of impor- fact that the schools occupy a crucial place tance in the education of the chlld for the In the program of social reconstruction. The complex life of the community of the present wealcnesses and strength af our educaWonal dalr is that he is trained by learning, not systeqI have become apparent in the world the useless, but the useful things. The old struggle. Faults and failures of educational notion that a person by some mysterious endeavor have been magnified by the exi- way is being educated when he is learning gencies of the world struggle until, to any something that he can never use is doomed. but the blind, it has become evident that the We are committed to the principle, with all schools have a new task and a new oppor- its implications, that a person learns best tunity for service. and learns to think most effectively when he What are some ,of these shortcomings of is dealing with subject matter which has a the schools? The war made it evident that practical bearing and of the purpose of the new notions and habits of thrift are essen- study of which he is deflnitely aware. tial in the American people to make a It is obvious that a child as well as an healthy and robust nation. It is, moreover, adult writes and speaks best when he is clear that health, both socid and individual, dealing with subject matter with which he must be conserved and accidents must be is familiar. For that reason, the best pos- prevented if the American people are to face sible English exercises deal with accidents, with vigor the problems of democracy and as they come within the experience of the promote democratic civilization. It i8, child and possess enough of the dramatic furthermore, common knowledge that the character to engage his attention and in- American people must be created anew in terest. It is, moreover, true that the great- their civic, political, and moral life if they est stimulus to thinking is found in matter are to perform the world function forced that is related to the life interests of the upon them by an uninvited world conflict. individual. The child as well as the adult These problems and many others are not thinks best when he faces a situation the only vital, but their solution depends upon mastery of which seems necessary for the the school teacher in a very large measure. accomplishment of his purpose in life The The educators of the country are therefore point of view represented here is exactly facing the necessity of reconstructing their that from which we constructed a program method and subject matter so that social of education in accident prevention, a pro- outcomes may be realized; so that the re- gram that is not supplementary to the cur- sult of school instruction will be health, riculum, but is a vital part of it. The necea- safety, civic righteousness, and morality. sity of teaching accident prevention has long The problem of the educator looms large been apparent; and, therefore, this plan pre- on account of this very definiteness of the sented has been accepted and put into ope^ demand upon him made by the American ation in a remarkable way by the educator8 people who have come to fully appreciate of the country. education. The day is past when we can In recent years, however, there has grown 210 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

up in our midst an institution which is in- ports of the United States Government, re- 'dispensable to successful school keeping; ports of the national and local safety coun- and that is the library. In the complex life cils coroners' reports of the various cities, of the modern community one cannot, even daily newspapers and magazines. From if it were necessary, come into contact with these different sources may be gathered all all situations that he will have to face in the data necessary for effective work In his later career. Furthermore, the individ- arithmetic and an abundance for history ual may take many short cuts by having put and geography. (There is, however, a dearth at his disposal the experiences of others in of reading material that relates to safety.) the community. We have, therefore, found Third, such books as "Safety First for Lit- indispensable to our school work books and tle Folks" and "Sure, Pop" are valuable pub- libraries. The school and the library, then, lications, and use may be made of them, but cannot function separately; that is just as what we need is not so much stories con- true in safety education as in any other kind structed for the occasion with a protruding of education. moral, ,but actual stories as they are re- We are even at a much greater disadvan- ported in newspapers and statistical reports, tage when it comes to accident instruction which, because of their very nature, hold than we are in the regular school work be- the minterest of the child. cause of the fact that no textbooks are pre- The library is in a position to gather this pared in which safety material has found a material from its various sources, grade it, place. The book prepared by the National and make it available for the reading class Safety Council entitled "Education in Acci- in school. I do not need to g~ into detail dent 'Prevention," does, not purport to give and point out how material may be gathered the data. It is, rather a book in educational for English, geography, history, civics, draw- methods and principles with abundant con- ing and other subjects, because these ex- crete suggestions to help carry out the the- amples suggest the relation of the library ories discussed; but the plan there sug- to the movement of education in accident gested can be successful only when the class prevention. room teacher is provided with abundant In concluding this article I must empha- data from which she may draw a store for size the necessity of regarding the whole the enrichment of her instruction. question of education in accident prevention This material may be comprised under a in a comprehensive way. We must not number of heads: flrst statistics. ,One of conceive of safety education as simply the the most valuable publications of statistics development of certain controls that wilf 38 a book entitled "Mortality Statistics of keep the individual out of danger. Those Insured Wage Earners and Their Families"' controls are important, but we do more than Metropolitan Life Insurance Company 1919. that. The individual must become master This is the type of material that should be of his environment; and being master of his gathered together in the libraries and made environment demands knowledge, ideas, available by them for the use of the teacher ideals, attitudes, and points of view as well in her daily instruction. The teacher can- a8 habits and skill. The individual must, not construct problems out ot nothing. More- furthermore, have ideas about all those or- over the children themselves cannot con- ganizations and institutions that have for struct and solve problems without data of their aim the protection and Care of human this Mnd. There is an abundance of ma- life. This Ideal can only be realized when terial but it needs to be brought together the libraries do their share by putting, at and put ipto such shape as will make it the disposal of the class room teacher a available for the use of the teacher. Second, body of data and subject matter that she reports. These include the reports of the may uhe for the purpose of realizing her state departments, the census and other re- aims and ideals. Building Up a Safety Library BY SIDNEY J, WILLIAMS Secretary and chief Engineer, National Sufety Council The Librarian's present or potential in- but must also reflect more or less completely terest in safety rests on two facts: flrst, the many-sided and rapidly changing world that the modern library, if it is to be of in which the men and women of today live, real service to the community or tq the en- work, and play; and second, that the safety terprise with which it is connected, must movement occupies a deflnite and an impor- not only contain an epitome of the world's tant glace in present-day American life. I experience and the world's wisdom in such shall assume that every librarian who reads fields as history, philosa~hyand literature, this magazine is sufficiently intelligent to ac- SPECIAL LIBRARIES

cept the flrst of these propositions without notable results in accident prevention have argument, and that the preceding articles been obtained among the plants of the nlem- in this issue have demonstrated the second. bers of the Council. This being the case, the librarian's next The publications of the National SnfetY question is-"What sort of material on Saf'e- Council may be divided into fom- classes: ty should I have, and where may I get it?" Bulletins, safe practices ptlmphlets, groceed- The librarian undertaking this task will inm of the Annual Safetv Con~ress,and And it considerably less simple than select- m&ellaneous publications inclnding the oub ing a shelf full of boaks on Persian art or line of lectures delivered before the Council's on the fauna and flore, of North America. schools for safety sugervisors, foremen, The organized movement for accident pre- chauffeurs, and others. vention, as it exists today, is so new and is Four bulktins are issuecl by the Councll developing so rapidly that it has not yet each week, most of them being illustrated crystalized, to any great extent, in the form through the reproduction of photographs or of standard reference works. There are, of drawings These bulletins for the lllost part course, a few books of recognized authority describe accidents that are coinnlon :rnd the -a list of them will b'e furnished by the proper methods of eliminating such acci- Natlonal Safety Council on request-but dents. Thongh intended for bulletin board these do not by any means cover the fleld. service, these blrlletill~constitute u valufLbh3 To do this, even in the limited way neces- addition to any library where the inlorest in sary for a library of general circulation, safety is likely to be permanent. there must be added numerous pamphlets The safe Practices pamphlels are now he- and other pnblications of a more or less ing issued by the Council fortnightly. Each ephemeral character such pamphlet constitutes an orderly pres- Any Safety Library should have, first of entation in loose leaf form of a rrpeciflc all, as complete a collection of literature on group of accident hazards and the best prac- accident hazards and means of the11 elimina- tices for their elimination. Each safe prac- tion as it is possible to obtain. Because of tices pamphlet is the work of an safcty en- gineer who has given long and close ~ludy the newness of the whole fleld of systematic to the particular group of hazards involved. accident prevention work, the value of any To the research work of the mtllor in the treatise on accidents and their prevention preparation of a safe practices pamphlet, is depends largely on the extent of the expe- added the experiences of a conference com- rlences described. Thus, the accident expe- mittee of fifty safety engineers. Them rience of a particular plant during the period treatises are illustrated with photogrnphs, of one year may lead to certain conclusions charts, tables, and drawings. Safe practices and the accident experience of that same pamphlets have been issued by tho Council plant over a period of flve years may justify on the following subjects: ladder^, stalrs entirely different conclusions. Similarly, and stairways, boiler rooms, cranes, bnlt the experiences of one plant in a particulm shifters and belt shippers, knots, hendfl, industry may indicate certain causes and hitches, slings, belts and bclt guards, shafting, preventives of the accident hazards in that couplings, pulleys, gearing, engine gnar(2ing Industry, wheras the experiences of a great and engine stops, oiling devices and oilers, number of plants in the same industry might floors and flooring, scnFfolds, grlndlng justify a radical revision of the conclusions wheels, goggles, freight elevatorn, clothing, regarding the causes and cures of accident yards, power presses, exits, fire alarms, ant1 hazards resulting from the experiences of flre drills, woodworking xnachinery and any one plant in the industry. Going a step equipment, accident records, shop lighting, farther, whereas the experiences in a par- gas and electric welding, flre extinguish- ticular industry with a particular hazard may ment, acids and causticfi, Manila and wire lead to certain valuable conclusions, the ex- rope. perience of all the industries to which that safe hazard is common would obviously lead to A complete set of the practices Dam. a more thorough analysis of that particular phlet of the Council should be on hand In hazard and proper methods for its elimina- every library interested in accldent preven. tion. tion, though these pamphlets arc inte~~dod This, we hope, explains the necessity for for close study on the part of the Incn In charge of safety, superintendent nnd fore- and the advantages of a co-operative acci- man, rather than as a reference volume in dent prevention agency such as the National a safety library. Safety Council. ProbaBly in no respect is The nature of the groceedings of the an- the Council co-operative to a greater degree nual congresses of the Council are self GVI- than in its publications and it is largely be- cause of this co-operation of practically dent. Each year some two or three thou. sand members of the Council and their rop- the entire safety engineering talent of the twentative~gather for a four day exchange country in the preparation of the literature of experiences, opinions and ideas regarcling! of the National Safety Council that such accident prevention work and the other 21 2 SPEClAL LIBRARIES

phases of industrial relations in which the A complete set of the proceedings of tho members of the Council are interested. At eight eafety congresses held thus far con- the 1919 congress, in Cleveland, October 1 stitute, without a doubt, the most important to 4, one hundred and seventy speakers pre- contribution to safety literature at present sented formal papers. These were followed available. by round-table discussions of the subject in- Among the miscellaneous publications of the volved. There were four general sessions Council are hand boolrs for technical schools and about thirty-five sectional sessions de- and colleges, outlines of lectures for the voted to the discussions of problems in spe- safety schools conducted annually by m- ciflc industries. These papers and discus- rious local councils of the National Council sions, after being carefully edited for the and literature on the methods of organizing exlusion of irrelevant matter, constitute the safety work in plants conducting safety cam- Congress. Proceedings. paigns.

The Library and Informat~onBureau of the National Safety Council, Chicago

BY MARY BOSTWICK DAY Librarian and Associate Editor of "Special Libraries"

The Library and Information Bureau of Through circulation of pamphlets, ab- the National Safety Council is a working stracted articles, accession lists, book bulle- reference library, specializing in the literat. tine and notes, charts, blueprints, etc., the ure of safety, industrial relrttions and allied very best and latest thoughts on safety are subjects. It is a clearing house for the solu- brought directly to the desks of members. tion of thousands of technical and non-tech- Much of his material is noted in the "Weelc- nical problems which arise among workers ly News Letter," which goes to members. interested in the conservation of human In this condensed form, an individual, be he Hves in industries, on the railroads, on the a safety engineer, a workman or a busy ex- streets, in the school and in the home. ecutive, may keep up to date on all phase8 Starting in 1913 with forty members the of the saEety movement. That this service Natlonal Safety Council now has a mem,ber- is appreciated by members is shown by the ship of some 3,800 members, including hundreds of specific requests which pour factories, railroads, public service compa- into the Library. These inquiries are vital, nies, mines, insurance companies, technical -a man has been killed in the shop, what achools, libraries, etc. It is a voluntary, can be done to guard that special machine; cooperative association of employers and a man has lost an eye, what kind of goggles athers, non-political, not for-proflt. A cen- can be used for this special work. The fol- lowing are ,a few reference requests which tralized Library-containing very complete came to the Library one day: and specialized material carefully analized, "We have under consideration the ques- is maintained at headquarters for the use of tion of equipment with lockers or properly members. With a library staff of five (four of designed coat and bat hangers and wish to whom are trained librarians) every effort is compare these two arrangements on tho put forth to bring the very best and latest following points. Floor space, initial cost thoughts on safety to the workman' and exec- per capita, general advantagea and disad- utive. Only subject material bearing directly vantages; we should appreciate your com- an safety is kept. Through a close co-opera- ment." tion with the other libraries of the city, an "Have you a bibliography on "Women in exchange is often made. As an illustration, industry?" articles, pamphlets, etc., on cement and con- "Do yod know of any concern selling flre- proof duck caps to be worn by women work- crete which drift into our Library are sent ers using Bunsen Burners, to protect them aver to the Portland Cement Association, from the flre hazard?" and in return they send us many valuable "Have you the fatal industrial and street duplicate copies of material on safety. Much accident statistics for 1919 for the following time is also spent in the John Crerar Library cities: St. Louis, Chicago, Rochester and In research work. Cleveland?" SPECIAL LIBRARIES

"Our oilers object to keeping sleeves it is an acid used in thc tanning industry, rolled up, stating that they have had trouble the letters will go to tanneries. As the re- with burns and bruises lo arms when lean- sults come in, the data is carefully tabu- ing over revolving shafting; do you know lated, duplicate copies made and a copy of any specially made closefltting sleeves furinshed the individual who asked for this which we could reconlmend or furnisli to information. It is carefully cataloged and oilers." filed, and me are in a position to give out "Is carbon nlonoxide explosive and just the inl'or~nationwhenever it is called for. what are its properties?" The Library contains besides these inval- "We are considering a 'No accident wcelc' uabIe reports, statistical data, thousands of in our plant. Can you tell us how to or- clipl~ings, pamphlets, magazines, bulletins, ganize such a campaign?" photoqraphs, blueprints, etc. Last Spring "We desire to offer a prize to the inoet the librarian visited fifteen business libra- careful elevator operator, and wish to know ries in the East with a view of obtaining what bas~swe can use in judging a contest literature on industrial relations and allied of this character?" subjects. The Library has very complete "One of ou1* policy holdel-s asks if mica fiIes on such subjects as "shop conlrnittee goggles are serviceable for use of the bark- plans," "prolit sharing," "bonus syetems," ernlen in the srrlphite inill wood-room, sug- "co-operative stores," "indnstrlal housing," gesting that these goggles have the nd- etc, etc. vantage of light weight and lorn cast." Among the Bve "safety librarians" in the If the i~ifornlationis not in our files anh co~untry,-Safety Institute of America, New not obtainable 111 other libraries, a ques- Yorlr, National Worlimen's Conipensation tionnaire is sent to our members interested Service Bureau, New York; Independence in this special subject, asking just lvhat Bureau, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Rating their experience has heen. For example, if '&ard, Philadelphia, and the National Safe- a person should desire to lmow the effect of ty Council, Chicago, a "round robin" enve- a certain acid on worlrmen's eyes-possibly lope has been circulat~ngwith great success. they have had some serious trouble,-Ietters Unique and usual items regarding safety will be sent to our melnbers interested in are included. The system of routing was this specific acid, .as to their experience. If worlreli out at the meeting oil the SpeclaI 214 SPECIAL LIBRA.RIES

I,IIIR.\ILY ROOTII .IT 1I)lD SAPETT CONGRESS

h "IAl,r~n.y Hontl~" \\oh n feature of the n~lnilnlCongrew of ll~rSntionnl bt~fetyC0111icil in CIerr- Inrld, Sc-~)telnl)iv-2Otll-Oclul1rr 4th. The booth n.u.j Int*ntrcl in Orny'~.\rlnnry, wl~eretl~c most preml- nent m~~nufnc'tuncrsof ~nfetytlerirch hnd their rrllibitu. An i~nrncnkobook, ro~)rehelltlapthe' nnnunl ~~rnr~crtlingu01' the Co~lncll,nccoglecl the entire spnce of the booill. Thr ~ngcu an~inglng bullelin 11ol~l.d~.cwntnlnrtl !a~lonh rshibitk shoning the a~tivitich11nd resourcrs of 111~Li1)rltry of lllo Nn- Ciunlrl Safely Cl~llnvllon the literntl~reof nccideul wev vent ion nnrl indnntrlnl rdnllon.r. A uniclur ex- Illbit \\#I\ nlw on "wtfela" from Jnpnn. Thlu collection included posteru nnrl hullctlns used in n "no nc.6-iclcbnt rreclc" in Tolcio, nntl IL cwpy of the flrsl book wrlt,ten In Jnlluneee on Llln ~~~~~~~~~t UP "unPt:tv." Bovernl Ilunclrc-tl incl~vi~11~alfir.In1Lctl the booth. ~vercerl~lnined tho exlllbltb by two 1netnber8 UP the li111'ni-y htnfl, nncl wcre zircn ~1~fet.yliterntl~re. Studmta Prom tho Wefit~rnllererre Llbrnry Scllool, men11)erw of the Cl~rcln~lclI'nbli~ 1,Il)rluy +tall' nnd I)llsinesn 1il)rltrlnnw of Clcvelsad cxnml~lellthe ex- hlbll~.IN welt nr mnny kufety engineers, ~nnnllfnrturcraand i\elCare worlccrh. Tllc "cln~airnlntlllo- nr~hcrc" n11r di~tur1)~rlfr(1111 tlnw to tin10 by n "tluht (wlie(aior"on one mlde nnd 11 brnw 1~11nd nn the other %hie. 3Ils.i Wury 13. Imy, Librnrian nf tllc St~llonnlRn,Cety Council, Chlcngo, nns in CllurW.

Libraries Associatio~~at Asbury Park, when The Accident Prevention Bureau the "safety librarian" had a sectional meet- ing. All have felt tlmt this close co-opera- and the Library of the Port- tion has been VGrS valuable. A special en- land Cement Asso- velope is used for the enclosures, with the names and addresses of each member, and ciation the date sent. As the "round robbin" comes BY MARY A. HATHAWAY to our clesli, our previo~ls acce&ions are withdrawn, a careful analysis is made of the Librarian, Portland Cement Associa- material sent by the four other parties, tion, Chicago, 111. notes made, new material enclosed and the letter sent to the next on thc list. As a The work of the Accident Prevention type of the n~atcrialenclosed, one week we Bureau of the Portland Cement Association sent as our contr~butiona typewritten list has nlore ,than a commercial value, for it of "builcling and loan associations in indns- has as its end the saiaty and welfare of the triesw-a list mhich we had ohtamed from worker in cement mill and quarry, and is the U. S. Dei~artmentof Labor. instrunlental in bettering his worlring con- It is by such close touch with our men- (litlons. bers, ou~r co-operation w~tll the b~;slne& The bureau is lcdpt constantly in tcuch libraries of the city, and our "round robin" with affairs, both through vivits to ccnient envelol~ewith the other safety librarians in lllills, and through live co-operation with the the country that we have been able to act National Safety Council and hlre organiza- as the nat~onnlo~~ganization for the dissemi- tions; and also, in a soincwhat cllfferent wag nation of safety literature. by the activity of the Portland Cement Asso- SPECIAL LIBRARIES

ciatioa Lib,raly. Here all incoming litera- This is really a resum6 of accidents in the ture is received, recorded, and from here industrial fleld, and suggestions for prevent- sent out with pages carefully marked. This ing them in the fu'ture. A few paragraph material varies greatly, from current mag- headings give an idea, of the scope. The azines, such as Factory, Industrial Manage- followjng are very good. ilIustrations: "Gog- ment, Concrete (with its Cement mill sec- gles," "The danger of falling hot clinker," tion) "Rock Products," Safety Engineering, "An opinion on the value of physical and and "Cement, mill and quarry," to bulletins medical examinations," "Fly wheel explo- of the United States Bureau of Mines, or the sion," "The result of disobedience," ''Work- Department of Labor. Then there is much ing on high tension circuits," "Washing with trade literature, from manufacturing con- gnsolene." This bulletin is circulated free- cerns, showing dust eliminators, safety ap ly among Member Companies, and two COD- DlianCeS, goggles, machine guards, gloves, leg af each issue are kept on file in the masks, and so on. Also there are variou~ library. A study of accidents for the Year house organs, which sho'w industrial rela- preceding is published annually by this bu- tions, such as the South Works Review, reau, and is a summary of the year's acci- "published by and for the employeerr of the dents, and of the progress made in eliminat- Illinois Steel Co.," and the Cary Works ing them. Circle, on the cover of which appears the The manager of the bureau co-operates motto "Safety flrst." with the National Safety Council in its an- All of this material after being circulated nual exhibit and confesence, and is granted is systematically arranged on the shelves. e cement section in the exhibit. Through An index is kept of the current magazines, this co-operation, and through the circula- and of the pamphlets and books, which 1st- tion of department bulletins, and his con- ter are classifled and filed together accord- ferences with executive omces aud visits to ing to the Dewey decimal system. Even the cement plants, the manager is able to spread trade catalogs are indexed. S&I that if a abroad his information on accident preven- request comes to (the Library for the names tion methods and welfare to effect the form- and addresses of firms handling machine ing of safety committees in practically all guards, it is only necessary to turn to this cement plants, and in many ways to insure heading in the trade catalog index, where the safety and health of the workers. the desired names are listed alphabetically. That tho work of this bureau has a bu- I8 is a simple matter ,to have lists copied mane feature is self-evident; and it is equal- in duplicate from the card index. These may ly true, though less apparent, of tho work be then mailed if the request has come from of the entire Association, when it is remem- outside of the office. bered that all forces toward beauty, sanita- Besides the specialized literature men- tion, safety and economy are factors that tioned there are many general reference make for better living, and are therefore of works which are of value to !the bureau. real service to mankind. The library in Twice a month the "Accident Prevention such an organization is very essential, and Bulletin" is published By this department. grateful that It is so. Seeking Safety" BY R. LOUISE KELLER L,ibt.at*ian, Independence Bureau, Philadelphia When my work at the Bureau was not but it implies a complication greater even more than a year old I began to keep a than forty-eight states. It is a quostfon work diary, and now, looking back over the not merely of l~w,but of clepartment reEu- reference questions recorded therein, I feel lations and rulings, and on top of these the justifled in saying my work has been both insurance requirements in connection with varied and exciting. Yet certain types of morlrmen's compensation and employers lia- question8 are so often repeated in one form bility; for all must be considered and given or another, it has occurred to me that the due weight by a safety engineer who would experience I have gained in answering them perform hifi full duty to n client or an em- might be of value to librarians engaged in ployer. To keep all this constantly chang- other branches of work, and I have accord- ing information carded and charted for in- ingly selected three for exposition. stant use would be a task that nothing but STATE REQULREMENTS is easily said hourly need- would justify, and in a library where the demand may come for New York *(The Independence Burenu is n flrm of consult- one month and for California the next, it lug engineers in flre protection, accident preven- tion, and industrial relntions. The librnry was is not to be wondered that the chart lies in the librarian's knowledge of her tools. 216 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

So far as law texts are concerned, I place men's compensation laws furnished a strong my main dependence on the series of bulle- reason for good accident statistics and the tins, "Labor Laws of the United States," increasing use of tabulating machines and issued by the United States Bureau of Labor punched cards makes scientific methods Statistics. Bull. 148 in two large volumes more practicable. Not a few of my ques- contains the labor laws in force in 1913, tions deal with methods of keeping statis- while each succeeding year down to, and tics, so we have a good book on statistical including, 1918 has a separate volume. This methods and another on graphic methods ot leaves 1919 uncovered until next spring or stating facts. Naturally we collect all the summer, but even this calamity will be part- accident graphics we can lay our hands on, ly obviated when the "American Labor Leg- but so far the collection has won little praise islation Review" sends out its annual Re- for its graphical accuracy. After a$ graph- view of Labor Legislation. This issue of ics are only a form of statistics. the quarterly comes out either as the fall Information concerning tabulating ma- or winter number and consists of: lst, chines has appeared from time to time in Analysis by Subjects and States, and Znd, technical papers and the Annual Reports Topical Index by States. In case of need of the Director of the Census 1910, 1911 and one can, of course, enter into direct com- 1912 give an interesting description of the munication with the state and may even be mechanical work of that office. We have able to get an up-to-date pamphlet of the supplemented this with information obtained labor laws. directly from manufacturers of the ma- New York for some years past has brouglft chines, and in our otn office we have done out~-~ each--- fall the New York State Labor considerable work on the compiling of codes Law with Amendments, and several other to he used in punching the cards. A very state labor departments are p~blishingla- interesting account of similar worlc will be bor laws promptly; but on word of warn- found in the pamphlet, "Workmen's Compen- ing: in a collection of laws published by a sation StaUElticnl Plan," issued by the Na- labor department, laws which are not en- tional Workmen's Compensntion Service forced or executed by that department will Bureau. likely be omitted. In this respect Labor One outcome of the growing interest in ac- Laws of tho United States is more truat- cident statistics was t'he discovery, that the worthy, but-even here the preliminary por- total time lost, and the results of accidents, tion of each volume should be consulted were of more significance than the number to ascertain what has been omitted. For of accidents occurring. This led to the idea one thing, the later volumes omit work. of accident weighting, that is, for statistical men's compensation laws, .which are issued purposes a scale of days lost from work is in another series; nor is it wise, or even assigned to each type of injury, including possible, to depend upon the Series for the loss of life itself. The scales advocated by regulations issued by the boards and com- the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the missions of certain states, to which have International Association of Industrial Ac- been granted legislative powers. In some cident Boards and Conlmissions are de- cases, the regulations are listed by title only, cribed and compared in the Monthly Labor while in the 1918 volume not so much as a. Review of July, 1916, Octotber and Novem- reference can be found for Pennsylvania, al- ber, 1917. though at least four "Safety Standards" Statistics of actual accidents we look for were issued during the year. This is un- in government reports and reports of insur. fortunate for the safety engineer, since to ance companies, of industries, and individual him tho regulations, with their exact detail companies. Several of the national socie- and specifications, are the true meat of the ties have committees on accident prevention, matter. Consequently, I obtain regulations notably the National Electric Light Associa- directly from the body issuing them. Usual- ti,on, while the Portland Cement Association ly n request to be placed upon the mailing has studied the accidents of member com- list is sumcient; but I take care to check panies for the last half dozen years. Some receipts by any means in mv power "The conpanies publish magazines in the inter- American Labor Legislative Review" ignores est of safety, which contain accident figures, regulations in its Review of Labor Legisla- and the National Sdfety Council has collect- tion, which is to be regretted, as an accu- ed and published from time to time, in Bul- rate yearly list would be valuable; but the letins and Weekly Letters, figures showing "Monthly List of State Publications" is very accident reduction due to safety work. helpful and more timely. The United States Bureau of Mines issues ACCIDEINT STATISTICS. This is another yearly accident statistics for metallurgical of the questions with endless variations, and works. coal &nes, coke ovens and quarries. disheartening work a good bit of it has The United States Bureau of Labor Statis- been: for it is only lately we seem cm- tics has made studies of machine building, cerned that statistics should not be in the and of the iron and steel industry, and issued same category as a lie. The spread of worlc- several .other studies of statistical interest. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Among these is "Industriul Accident Statis. longer but its possiL~il~tieshave been indi- tics," +y Frederick L. Hoffman, published cated. "Safety Engineering reflects the in- in 1916. This drew upon much of the best terest in literature of this type, and in its material, then in existence, at home and section," "Rlaterials, Apparatus, Processas," abroad, and has numerous references scat- as well as in nits advertising pages gives tered through it. It is, in itself, an excellent safety trade informalion. Tbe Safety Insti- beg.inning for an accident statistical library. tute of America, maintaining the American EQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCES. It is Museum of Safety, has collected trade in- natural that many safety questions should formation for years. I understand it is now deal with this. The first thought upon find- planning a library page in e~chissue of it0 ing a defect is how can it be remedied, and bulletin, Safety, which will list boolm and the second may we11 be, can we buy it on the trade devices. The National Safety Coun- market? That auestion is not usually cil is also a collector of trade llterature. answered by a trade manufacturer's direc- tory. Drinking fountains, ~lafety goggles, and even many more articles may be listed, The work may sound a little cut and but it will not be specified whether or not, dried, but it has exciting moments, and I the Dash-Blank Company sells hoods with its have dealt with only a portion of the ques- grinding wheels. tions. The remainder include subjects as The Bureau's collection of literature at diverse as the measurement of fatiye, the tho time the library mas organized, consist- lubrication of air compressors, and the hax- ed in part of trade catalogs and leaflets. TO ards of fertifizing plants. The war has made this we have steadily added at the cost of a its imprint on my diary. In 1916 came considerable expenditure of time Trade questions concerning picric mid, toluol and periodicals have been examined in the office other coal tar products. The year 1916 and engineers ,have made observations while brought a question as to the handling of an at their work. We have gathered the chaff incendiary bomb, and 1918 an interest in tho as well as the wheat, for it is almost as im- problem of women in industry. Going back portant to study bad examples as good. From to the earliest ~ecords,in June, 1913, I flnd the first we have considered our collection noted a request for a report on the Ameri- not as purchasing data, but as technical lit- can Museum of Safety and the National erature, and have filed it as such, with other Council for Industrial Safety, no+ the Na- technical books and papers. tional Safety Council; and in November of Closely associated with safety trade Itt- the same year, 1 answered "no" to the quefl- erature is the growing body of enginwring tion, whether we were members of the latter. reports and specfflcations concerning it. I think we joined the next month. Verily, The Underwriters' Laboratories, Chicago, verily, much water has run under the bridge maintained by the National Board of Fire since that time. Underwriters, tests, and inspects, aopliances, devices. Machines and materials, in respect Scientific Literature in New South to life and flre hazards, and accident pre- vention. Products submitted it, and that Wales meet with its approval, are admitted to Its "We learn that a well attended meeting label service, and Lists of these are pnb- mas held Idst month at tho Elducntion De. lished semi-annually and sent free upon re- partmenrt, Sydney, to discuvs the manner in quest. The U. Sm Bureau of Mines tests and which the usefulness of the Public Library approves permissible explosives, lamps, and can be extended in connection with scionti- mining euuipment, and publishes schedules flc and trade literature. F. Leverrier, of procedure for establishing certain lists K.C., R.Sc., chairman of the New South of permissible products. Its publication in Wales Stnta Committee of the Institute, ex- Technical Paper 77, of the Report of the plained the object of the meeting, and Committee on Resuscitation from Mine pointed out that both scientific and indus- Gases hastened improvements in the me- trial mcn are equally interested in the im- chanical devices in use for that purpose. portance of technical literature. A com- The U. S. Bureau of Standards in Technolo- mittee, including representatives of the gic Papers No. 93 and 119, gives the results Royal Society of New South Wales and its of examinations of glasses jn respect to the Industrial Section. the Austrnlinn Chemical transmission, or non-transmission, of rays Inst~tute,the Society of Chemical Industry, injurious to sight The University of Minne- and the Sydney Technical College Chenifsts' soto made an ~nvestigationof drinking foun- Societv, was appointed to wait upon the tains which proved that this recognized Government to i~rgethe necessity for more means of promoting health might easily be- co~nrnodious library premises and for ill- come a death trap. The investigation was creasing the grant to the Public Library for published by the IT. S. Public Health Sorvice the, purchase of scientiflc periodicnls." in Public Health Reports, volnme 32, No. 19, From Science and Industry, Melbourne, and as Reprint No 397. The list might be (vol. 1, no. 6, Sept. 1919.) SPECIAL LIBRARIES Library of the Safety Institute of America BY MARY R. THOMAS Librarian

The Safety Institute's fleld covers acci- home on the farm. A vast aniount of infor- dents and their prevention industrial, hy- mation suitable for a working collection is giene, occupational diseases and inclustrial contained in pamphlets and rcports to be relations. had for the asking, papers that give the last The library, a highly specialized collection word nbout many form of social work of up-lo-date material on these subjects, We do not atteinpt to lrcep all the printed consists of pamphlets reports, omcia1 docu- matter that comes to us and legitimately ments, periodicals, plant publications, bulle- inighl find a place in our files. We are glad tins, clippings, ~)Botographs,blue prints, lan- to have it all and most of it is routed to the tern slides and trade catalogues. We (lo not clirectors and members of the staff, for theif have many hoolrs. Aside from those which information, but only those pul~licationsare really are encyclope(1ias upon their subjects filed that give the vicws of autllorities, state and are so used, such as Beyer'~Industrial a new or unusual attitude toward a subject, Accident Prevention, Oliver'sa Dangerous or give reliable statistics. The only period- Trades, and reports of safety congresses and icals kept intact are those on safety, indus- state industrial coinn~isslons,there are few trial relations industrial physiology and hy- bound volumes, for the aim of the Institute giene. The others are clipped, the clippings is not to cluglicate the resources of public Aled appropriately, though no card is made libraries but to possess inforlnation which unless the clipging is likely to be perma- they do not hnve ant1 in a form that is ensily nently valunblc. A weecling-out process is accessible. Our ollject is to have on file constantly going on which discards super- more recent information than may be found cedecl material, a method wl~iclikeeps the in #books,in order that we may be of service files from beconling choked up with useless, to authors and magazine writers and to en- out-of-date papers. The librarian is charged quirers desiring to organize any lrind of vvlth the collect~ionof the right kind of liter- safety work, whether lois the general public, ature ancl is expected to be always on the for inihistnal worlrers, In the scl~ools,in the loolrout for news. items and ideas that might

MUSEI'JI, SAFlCTP INSTITDTE OF .LBIEIIICA. SPECIAL LIBRARIES promote safety work, an'd desirably adver- search of safeguards for machinery, protec- tise the Institute's activities. tive clothing, etc,, by men and women who Photographs are ldaned for illustrations, are studying to pass civil service examina- lantern slides for lectures and exhibitions. tions for factory inspectors, by magazine The documents that we keep permanently and newspaper writers, by ministers inter. are closely analyzed. Dewey is used as a ested in social work, college students and basis for classification with the difference pupils in the public schools. We would be that subjects are spread all over the ten very glad to have it used more than is done classes instead of being confined to the few at present by foremen and working men. numbers resemed for them. For instance, Probably it is too much to expect these busy safety in building con~tructioeis classed workers to come to us even when they know (190 with subdivisions for accidents, safe- of our existence and our desire to serve guards, orders and standards; Are protec- them. Without doubt these men condne tion is 352.3, with subdivisions; in like man- their reading to the daily newspapers be- ner 542.7 is used for the gas industry, 616 cause they do not know what else to read, for occupational diseases, 640 for safety in where to get it, or have the time to look the home, (130 for safety on the farm, 796 for for it. It is here that industrial librarians sports and their hazards. Electrical en- can extent their influence from managers to gineering, except lighting, is now being workers in the lowest ranks, and greatly ad- classed 800 instead of 621.3, to avoid the vance the cause of safety. Whatever tends long numbers which would be necessary in to lower the cost of production and to stabil- using Dewey. The selection of 800 is merely ize their personnel 5s bound to interest the an arbitrary choice but one which ,is safe officials of any concern. Whatever makes for us because we will never have purely for security and physical protection in his literary productions in our library. jab cannot fail to strike a responsive chord All sorts of liberties are taken with the with tho workman. Safety work meets both library system, unconventional methods are of these needs. Beginning with the Novem- used which "work" and give quick relief. ber number, each issue of Safety, the Insti- For instance, we sometimes have inquiries tute's bulletin, will contain a selected bibli- over the phone for accident statistics to be ography upon some phase of accident pre- used that evening in a lecture. There are vention and also a list of trade catalogues cards in our dictionary catalogue which con- received during the previous month. We tain the latest figures about accidents, acci- hope these lists will prove helpful and we dent reduction, cost of industrial sickness, will be glad to have librarians, industrial proportion of accidents to non-English spealr- and others, call upon us for further lists ing workers as compared to English spealr. upon any of the subjects within our province. fng workers, etc., with authorities given. There are clippings short enough to be pasted directly on the cards, under subject headings done on the typewriter. These Chemical Literature and Its Use cards are a great labor-saving device for the "Chemical Literature and Its Use" by few moments required to make them are Marion E, Sparks, Library Assistant in more than balanced by the saving in time Chemistry of the University of Illinois, is a and hurried searching through patnphlets pamphlet of 46 pages representing an out- and papers while the inquirer waits, more line of a series of 12 lectures prepared for or less patiently, at the other end of the classes of students registered in the chemi- phone. Then, when these figures are out of cal and chemical engineering courses of the date it is the matter of a moment to de- University of Illinds. These notes were stroy the cards. compiled to serve as a brief wide to the Though primarily for reference, we also immense amount of literature on chemistry. are a lending and distributing library. When- The importance of instruction in the use of aver possible, duplicates are obtained, one chemical literature is gradually being real- copy to be kept on file for the use of direc- ized by educational institutions teaching tors and staff and visitors who prefer to do chemistry, and this publication should prove their own reference work here at the Insti- of invaluable assistance to both instructors tute, others to lend to personal inquirers, and students. It presents an excellent worlr- and by mail to those who consult us by let- ing bibliography of the important textbooks, ter, as well as to give away to those whom reference works and serial publications, and we think would make good use of them. is classifled under the following headings: There is an extensive file of trade cata- History of Chemistry, General Works, In- logues of safeguards, of safeguarded machin- organic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, In- ery, protective clothing, goggles and equip. dustrial Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry ment of employees' service, commonly and Biochemistry. called welfare work. Thousands of these This pamphlet can be secured from the catalogues are distributed during the year. author at 60 cents per copy. The library is used by business men in E. D. GREENMAN. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Accident Prevention Data as Found in the Library of the National Workmen's Compensation Service Bureau BY ESTELLE L. LIEBMANN Librarian

The keeping of accident prevention and Keeping track of standardized and ag- safety data should bB of interest to any proved safety devices 1s an especially im- technical and industrial library in particular portant function. Insurance companies and and to every library in general. The princi- associations for the advancement -of safety pal aspects of safety are (1) Public safety do not care to be used as mediums for ad- including the street and the home (2) Indus- vertising. To avoid tbis, the library keeps trial safety applying to the workman and (3) a record of all devices'that adequately guard Safety in transportation applying to both the machine and leaves it to the manufac- the public and the mo~krnan. turer to choose the one he prefers. Trade Any library using the Dewey Decimal catalogues describing safety devices are classification will find itself somewhat at a flled with the machine or tool for which it loss to classify accident material properly. is made, but the general trade catalogues The Decimal Classification Includes accident are arranged by themselves. A safeguard prevention as R part of public health (G14) for a punch press is classified under punch which it clecidodly is not. Only a small part presses but a trade catalogue of punch of safety is a health problem, it is distinat- Dresses in general, with the trade cata- ly an engineering problem and as such it has logues been treated in the Library of the National The library contains a card index which Workmen's Compensation Service 13ureau. lists nnder each machine or device the It has been placed in engineering under class names of the manufacturers whose appli- 621.7, industrial management. While there ance has been approved by either our own may be objections to this, it wau found best engineers or by those whose judgment is in the long run as it did not displace other trusted. There are also on Ale the cards of classifications that were needed. So far, the the Unclerwriters Laboratories of the Na- use of 621.7 for safety engineering has tional Board of Fire Underwriters. These worked out very well. cards give very full information as to the Occupational diseases and industrial hy- name and address of the manufacturer; the giene are a part of accident prevention in device is simply explained and they are con. industry. Class 613 was retained fo? hy- stantly being revised. The Casualty Sec- giene, but an entirely new classification for tion of the Underwriters Laboratories is industrial diseases had to be drawn up. In the newest department, and not many de. the book on occupational diseases by Dr. vices have as yet been tested and approved. Gilman-Thompson there 1s a grouping which Material on education in safety is mostly was used This classification has beea in- to be found in pamphlet form. The govern. serted in class 616. The grouping as used ment has been standing sponsor to the is as follows: movement to introduce safe practices in Occupational diseases due to harmful sub- trade and technical schools. The National stances (with expansions). Safety Council and the Alnerican Society of Occupational injuries and traumatism Mechanical Engineers have standing com- (with expansions). mittees to promote safety courses in col- Diseases due to the nature of the industry. leges, technical and public schools. Material on safety engineering may be Industrial hygiene and diseases are mod- divided into the following groups: ern subjects. They have been brought into 1. Engineering standards and codes in. prominence in this country only during the cluding rules and regulat~ons of associa. past decade. There is now quite an extenil- tions, corporations and state laws. ed literature to be found in books, health 2. Spec~fic devices for safeguarding of reports, pamphlets and medical journals. certain machines and appliances This mnter~alhas been classifled in accord- 3. Education and publicity for the engi- ance with the principles stated above and neer, for the workman and for the public. has been tl~oroughlycatalogued. Provision was also made for the social Wherever possible, everything pertaining side of accident prevention in which the to a given industry has been brought to- work of the Bureau is less vitally interested. gether. Thls is necessary as in the process SPECIAL LIBRARIES

of ratemaking for workmen's compensation distinction between accident prevention, insurance the actuarial and rating commit- that is possible dangers and their elimina- tees study each industry from many angles. tion by speciflc safeguards and the statis- Every industry is included under the work- tics of accidents or accidents enumerated by men's compensation laws, and there are numbers and kinds. This is due to the na- practically no limits to the material which ture of the actuarial work. In making a can be used in the Library. For this very classiflcation for insurance iC was found ad- reason the utmost care has been taken in visable to drop class 200 (religion) from the the selection of the material. Dewey Classiflcation and adapt it to insur- Public safety is a question that must be ance. Accident statistics have been pro- treated separately from industrial safety. vided for -in this class. They are grouped To the insurance world, public safety comes accordingly to (1) Causes, (2) Specific In- under liability insurance and is not a part dustry, (3) Public Accidents. of workmen's compensation, but the lceep- In cataloguing it was found advisable to ing of statistics for public liability being a give each subject heading three sub-divi- part of the work of the Bureau is included sions beside the general one, as for in- in the material to be found in the Library. stance : Public safety includes accident prevention Iron and steel industry (general). in streets, highways, on trains and street Iron and steel industry-Accidents (statis- cars, on and by automobiles and other forms tics). of traffic, on elevators, In and about baild- rron and steel industry-Hazards (health). ings and the like. Data on accidents may Iron and steel industry-Safeguards (me- be found in building reports, coroner's re- chanical). ports, highway reports, in fact in almost any place according to the city or state govern- While these details are applicable to this ment in-which the accidents occur. This library in particular, libraries in general is the most difficult kind of information to will flnd it advisable for the purpose of mak- keep track of, and it is impossible to enu- ing their safety material of the greatest merate the bibligraphical sources. A place value, to follow these suggestions: (1) to for public safety has been included in class classify material with the specific industry, 621.7, although for the average library this machine, process or hazard to be safeyard- is the only kind of safety to which 614.8 is ed; (2) to catalogue so as to bring safety strictly applicable. subjects together as well as under the spe- The library has had to make a decided ciflc heading.

What Does Safety Mean? BY ALBERT W. WHITNEY General Manager, National Workmen's Compensation Service Bureau

Librarians. I assume, will be particularly the safety problem in its expanded fork- interested in tho scope of the Safety move- the ,bringing about of right conditions affect- ment and in its tendencies in order that ing life and happiness. These a1.0 the ra- they may be prepared to deal with its biblio- diations of the idba; the kernel of it is of graphical side. The word safety suggests course the problem of ,personal physical dan- a narrow, negative and mecllanicsl range ger of ideas,-largoly inhibitory and restricted The ind~s~trialsafety problem, which has to personal physical danger. In actual prac- been up to the present the chief problem tice the connotations and implications of the that has been attacked, on its more obvious idea turn out to be far more voluminous and side involves such processes as the guarding opulent. of machinery, the organization of shop com- In 'the first place safety is not a negative mittees, tlie design and construction of idea, that is it does not impoverish life by buildings and the influence of workmen's removing adventure but rather substitu.tes a compensation laws, particularly through the worth-while adventure for a mean adventure. economic pressure of insurance. Secondly, it is not a merely personal and The public safe,ty problem involves ques- physical matter, but involves the family, the tions of traffic and other huinan relation- community, the state, the nation and even ships in which large numbers of people are the world. Nor can tlie idea of danger be invilvecl as well as the more individual haz- confined solely to physical danger. ards that are found in home life. The ap- In actual practice the National Safety proach to public s'afety is largely through Council has found it necessary to deal with education, for in the field of both industrial SPECIAL LIBRARIES and public safety the problem is fundamen- There was also a long narrow poster: tally psychological. " A-m-e-r-i-c-a-n-i-z-a-t-i-o-n," spells "Civic The child must be taught safe habits and Safety." the young engineer must be brought up to On a stand were laid out piles of library realize that the conservation of human life lists and circulars, the best of those on is certainly as important as the conserva- hand which were adapted to the probable tion of material and energy. interests of the visitors to the Exhibit. They In this connection it is intmesting to note inclucled business lists, lists for mechanics, that safety education in practice is turning nnd night school students, and circulars out to have a nlentnl and spiritual value in setting forth library service. All this liter- itself aside from its effect in the reduction ature disappeared at a gratifying rate. of accidents. For the rest, safety posters were displayed That our accident record needs to be im- at the Main Library and branches, and one proved every one knows, but few realize the branch had an exhibition of safety jingles enormity of our sin. It can be oxpressed composed by school children. this way: The drain upon our community From the foregoing snmmary of activities, in killed and seriously injured by accident it will be realized that several desirable is equivalent to more than two European things mere left undone, for reasons which wars going on all the time; in other words, mere good, be it said, but which need not the killed and injured through accidents in be specified. Nevertheless, from the Library the United States during the period of our Staddpoint, participation in Safety Xreelr participation in the war was over twice as was felt to be worth while as an opportunity great as our loss during tho same time on to advertise. It is hoped that its co-operation the field of battle may have been worth while to the cam0 of safety. G. 0. WARD, The Cleveland Public Library Technical Librarian, and Safety Week Cleveland Public Library. "Safety 'Flreeli" in Cleveland bogan SeP- tember 29 and closed October 4. Litany of Labor Long before the opening of the exhibit in "I believe in safety first because the loss Grays Armory, school teachers and pupils of my abil~tyto labor means suffering for clescended on the Library and its branches those I love most on earth; it leaves to the for study material on safety. Right here mercies of a more or less indifferent world was developed an apparent gap in the liter- those whom every worlrman desires most of ature of the subject. Much as has been writ- all to protect. ten on safety, there is very little which I believe in safety first, because it tend^ was satisfactory from the standpoint of the to conserve my ability to labor and that school; and books from the industrial stand- ability is my sole capital; losing it, I am point were accepted chiefly as substitutes for bankrupt. more wsily digested material. I believe in safety first, because my safety Berrinning with Monday OC Safety Week, nlenns the safety of my fellow workmen. the show case at the street entrance to the In risking myself I rislr others. Main Library was fillcd with an exhibit of I believe in safety first, because the bread safety literature. This included a good eizecl I carn with my own hands is sweeter to me poster bearing the familiar safety emblem, and mine a thousand times than charity in with the TVO~~S,"Safety Boolrs." Besides any form."--National Bafetu Oo~mcQ the poster there were shown safety publica- tions of one sort or another, and the clever verses by Mrs. Beyer, "Safety Last," taken "A little neglect may breed great mischief. from Safety Engineering. For want oP a nail the shoe was lost, for The part of the Lihrary in the exhibit at want of a shoe the horse was lost, and for Grays Armory was impromptu, as it was want of a horse the rider was lost, being not known until the last moment, owing to overtaken and slain by the enemy; all for delay in the mails. whether there would be want of a little care about a horseshoe nail." an available booth. However, we at last -Benjmh li'ranklin. found ourselves assigned a spaco at one end of the gallery, which we shared with our "Chance will not do the work-chance sends good friends, the Americanization Council. the breeze The logic of the Library position was, that But if the pilot slumber at the helm. what makes for. intelligence, makes for The very wind that wafts us towards the safety. Consequently the sizable map of port Cleveland showing the distribution of the May dash us on the shoals. library branches, with its explanatory legend The steerman's part is vigilance, was actually if not superficially, decidedly Blow it or rough or smooth." appropriate. It attracted ~nuchinterest. -Ben 307w.qoi~ SPECIAL LIBRARIES 223

sions, and the danger also of so much talk Special Libraries from the platform ad to reduce the time for discussion from the floor or force hasty Published Monthly except July nnd Auguat thought or hurried action. Therefore no Edltorlal Ofnee more than two sessions will be held each 120 Peterburough St., Tho Fm~way,Bostan, Mass. day and the aim will be to draw as many as possible into the discussion. Entcred at the Post Omce nt Bostoh, Mass., as C,onventions that do not result in inter- second' clnss matter under the Act of change of opinion have no reason for being hlnrch 3, 1879. held; the measure of success of an annual meeting is not in the number of papers that 8ubacriptiona (10 issuea) ...... $4.00 a year have been read or the set addresses which Single copies ...... @.W have been made, but in the thoughts with Correspondence with reference to contributions which those attend~ngthe meeting have gone to Sj~cidL~Qrarics should be addressed to the away. As special librarians with a definite Editor-in-chief. obligation to the Arms or organizations to Subscriptions, npplicntione for membership in the Specinl Libraries Assoclatlon, nnd remittances which we are attached, the only sound Tea-, should bo sent to the Secretmy-Treasurer. son for attending this or any other conven- tion that we can give is the concrete gai~ SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION that we expect to derive-whether those President ...... Muud A. Cnrnbln gains be informational or inspirational. Detroit Edison Co., Detrolt, Mich. Lest misconception arise as to the reason Vice-Preslclent ...... Ii)dward H. Redstone for holding this meeting both at a different Mass. State Librnry, Boston, hinss. place and at a different time from, that of Secretnry-Trensurer...... Estelle L. Liebmnun the American Library Association, we wish Ronald Press Co., 20 Vesey St., NcmYorlc, N. Y. to emphasize again tho-fact that our Asso- EXECUTIVE BOARD ciation is bound to consider the interests The President The Vice-President and welfare of its members flrst. The ma- The Secretnry-Trensurer jority of our membership is to be found east nud J. H. Friedel, Boston, hIass. of the Mississippi. Elxperience with con- 1. XI. McClelland, Pittsburgh, Pa. ventions held farther west does not seem Guy B, hlnrion, New York. to warrant trying the experiment again at this time. The conferences that have been SPECIAL LIBRARIES best attended have been those held in the Editor-In-Ohlet, ...... J. H. ITRIEDEL East. Furthermore, never was there a ASSOCIATEI EDITORS period so important for special libraries and Agilculturnl and Government Llhraries special librarians .as now. More business Olaribel R. Barmtt men, more institutions are interested in Buslnesa and Commercial Librnries. .Nnw B. Dw special libraries and the uses to which they Binnncinl Librnriea...... Ella v. Gonuns can be put than ever before. The oppor- Technological' nnd Elngineorinp Librnrles Edwnrd D. Oreenlnan tunity for special librarians is so great that Theologicnl nnd Fine Arts Librariee we dare not jeopardize it. A well-attended my A. Pillsbury convention at which action on important Lnm Libmries ...... Edward H. Redstone matters will go hand in hand with well-con- sidered thought is essential. That is in a word the situation as it presents itself to the Executive Board EDITORIALS Announcement of such matters as will be placed before the annual meeting for con- sideration will be made in these pages at The Annual Meeting of 1920 another time. At the December meeting ;sf the, Eluecutive It is hoped that all special librarians mill Board it was voted to hold the eleventh an- plan to attend this Opportunity Conference nual meeting of the Special Libraries Asso- in April, 1920. Those that wish will, because ciation in New York City in April, 1920. The of the different dates of meetings, be en- exact dates fixed are April 14-17, 1920. The abled to attend also the American Library flrst and opening session is to be held on Association Conference in June at Colorado the evening of April 14; thereafter there will Springs. be two sessions daily except on Saturday, the 17th. Committees on arrangements, pro- gram, publicity and other phases of conven- The Need of the Moment tion work have been appointed. While eager At the First %Monthly Conference of the to provide a program that will be attractive, National Association of Employment Mana- substantial and also clirectly useful to every gers held in New Yorlr in October, 1919, the special librarian, the Executive Board feels subject of "Training the .Supervisory Force" deeply the inadvisability of too many ses. was discussed. The following aids to train- 224 SPECIAL LIBRARIES ing foremen8 were agreed upon as of great fanner and other associations who may be assistance. interested, and each other group must try to reach en masse those whom we can aerue. Individual attention We must not rely on passive effort alone. Correspondence courses S'pecial Libraries does much, but it cannot hlanuals do everything. House organs Already an effort in the right dlirection Bulletins has been made. Early this year before the Questionnaires Buffalo meeting of the American Chemical Charts Society an afternoon was given over to Pamphlets chemical libraries, and several librarians Library Assigned reading told by word of mouth, by picture, by cita- Assigned problems tion of example what they were doing. At Social gatherings the more recent convention of the National Meetings Safety Council a booth was given over to Lectures the National Safety Council Library, and the Shop tallcs by foremen large number of industrialists and safety Observation trips men who came to the meeting carried away Optical projections witli them a definite idea of the library as Product exhibits a living, active force presenting numberless points of contact and opportunities for use. Seminar fulness. The Medical Library Association Survey of supply and demand gocs even further, holding its meetings with Shop talks by ttaff men. the American Rledical Assoc~ation. Its of- Notice the large part that library ma- ficers are as frequently physicians as libra- terials play. Notice, too, how many of these rians. A direct and intimate contact has aids the library can supply. Does this not thus been developed with mutual advantage. suggest something? What is your library For most special librarians the problem doing to make better foremen? To make is not as easy of solution. We have not yet better managers and managerial assistants? sold the business man in every instance. Have we thought of this phase of our work There are many reasons for this, but two as broadly as me might? Is it not too true stand out quite definitely. that too often we have been too much con- First, the Special Libraries Association is cerned with catalog cards, witli clipping yet In its teens. We are just entering on the files, magazine routing systems and other second decade of our existence. Without matters of library economy? Can we ex- any ass~stanceexcept that of our member- pect that the librarian will come into his ship, and sometimes in the face of the active own so long as this is the case? The fact is and more often passive resistance of the that the business Iibrarian, the law libra- sister association that should be doing rian, the medical and institutional librarian, everything in its power to help us, we have the special librarian in every field must take forged ahead until today the business con- the broadest view of his work, side by side cern ns well as the special librarian comes with the men who are doing things, making to us as the recognized and mofit efficient things, thinking things. Individually and body for information, for advice, for opinion as an Association we must take a more in the many problems that are encountered active part in plant and community activi- each day. We are, in spite of our youth, ties than we have. today the recognized clearinghouse for in- Too frequently in the past have we tried formation on special libraries-recognized to build a narrow wall about ourselves, to because we have always stood for service encircle ourselves in a cocoon or cyst of the and have always given that service. In the technique of librarianship. We have met same way that our members have made always among ourselves and ~ithourselves. good in the organizations in which they are Book and pamphlet collections have at times employed, we have as an Association tried stood out too much as an end than as a to "deliver the goods." means to an end. Intimate knowledge of A glance at the mail that comes daily to libraly economy is presumed, and quite the editor's office shows clearly how we naturally, in the special librarian. But we have succeeded and the esteem in which must go beyond this, We must make the in- the Association is held. Similar letters formation serve a useful purpose. Only as come to the President and to the Secretary. we do this, do we justify our place. But should we rest satisfied with this? Does But beyond this we must engage in an this not in itself indicate the larger useful- active effort to acquaint others with what ness to which we may aspire and the larger we are doing. The business librarian should service which we may in time extend? Here try to reach every body of business men and is an aspect of our work worth a prominent lay before them what we are doing; tho part in the cliscussions at the annual rneet- agricultnral librarian must do this with the ing. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

The second reason why we have had to eradicated has already been made at the creep when we might be able to walk is the outset. But in our relations with other as- too narrow conception we have at thnes sociations, whether library or other, as with taken of our work. The library has too the outside world, we have got to recognize often bound us as a straightjacket. A11 this this fact: We ?nus1 do our own louil~g;no has been too evident to warrant extended one will do it )'or us. In other words, our discussion. TIE cl~ssatisfaction with the success is conditioned by our own efforts. name "librarian" is the most clefinite testi- Realizing this truth, is it not fair to ask, mony of the existence of the fact. A sug- whal shall we do about it? gestion as to how this condition may he J. 11. FRIEDEL.

Chemical Warfare BY DR. CLARENCE J. WEST Information Department, Arthuc D. Little, Inc.

Among the many modern innovations of While there was n certain hesitation on the present war, grobably none had a greater tlls part 01: the Allics xbont acloptlng gas influence upon the fighting forccs than did warfare, it was not long before they were chemical warfare To the man in the front forced to do so, llccause of its contlnucd use Iine, chemical warfare did not nlcan much by the Gernlans. It mas not until September, more than a gas alarm and a gas mask. But 1916, that the Allies were ready to use this he soon learned that one of the best friends new form of warfare. This gives us the he hnd was his mask. The ixnportanc~of measure of time that must have elapsed be- gas is shown by thc figures that 30 tween the Germans' clccision nnd the flrst Per cent of all the casualties were from gas. attack. Since that time, gas has been one The humanity of gas warfare is shown by of the deciding factors in every large battle. the fact that not over 4 per cent of the gas At flrst the advantage certainly was always casualties were fatal, whereas with all the in the Germans' favor. In December, 1915, other cases from 20 to 25 per cent were fatal. they introduced a mixtllro of phosgene and As far as we can judge, the idea of using chlorine, and while the British had warning poison gas in attack originated with the Ger- of this, it caused many casualties until the mans about Christmas, 1914. It may have men became used to its ncw properties. been much earlier, but could not have been Thcn followed, during the course nf the year much Inter. Tho time intervening between and a half that rolloweti: "vomiting gas," this and the date of the first gas attack, chloropicrin; "sneezing gas," cliphenyl- April 22, 1915, was filled with ])reparations chloroarsine; and "blistering" or lnustard of all kinds. First, n. gas had to be selected gas, dichloroethyl sulfide. Each of these and manufactured. Because it was readily created a temporary advantage for the Ger- accessible, as a commercial product, and also man Army. because it met, as nearly as possible, the As the war progressed, it becnme more requirements of an ideal mar gas, cblorlne and more evident that it was not so much was the flrst poison gas used. Then a the number and nat~rreof the gases em- cylinder hacl to be developed, which would ployed as the quantity that could be ex- permit of the reacly discharge of a large pended in any one attack that was impor- volunie of gas within a colnparatively short tant. J1 was this fact that flliallv enabled the period. Troops hacl to be trained in the art Allies to win through Gas Warfare. Especi- of making a gas ~ttaclr. A certain amount ally after the United States had entered of defense hacl to be provider1 in case of serfonsly upon its gas program, the monthly accident. Field conditions, such as the production of the various gases usetl by the nature of the country and the clirection and Allies grew by leaps and bounds, unti1 finally the velocity-of the wind, hacl to be studied the United States itself was producing gases When all these things seemed ready, the on a lnuch greater scale than Germany was first attack was launched against a troop, ever able to attain. who had no idea of the nature or effect of The production of toxic gases was paral- the new form of war, and who had absolutely leled by the development of tbe methods of no protection against it. Fortunately for all protection, and especially of the gas mnsk. concerned, the Germans did not realize'the Starting with the types used by the British advantage they had gained through this St- and French, the Americans were abIe to im- taclr: and did not press it to the full. The prova the absorbents and modify the face way was clear to Calais, had they only piece until they had a mask which waa the known it. equal of the best type developed by the 226 SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIAL LIBRARIES 227

Methods of gne wnrfnre. J. Fnsh. Acad: ---Scl. 8 45-58' J Ind. Bng. C'hem. 10 207-301 hem.' Met. ling: 10, 150 ; Sci, Am. sup: 85, 142-4 Cherdcnl ' ----,.llllA\~ dhislon~ B. A. Les a pnreils respirntoires cloa. Nnture, Ens. Chem. 10, Pnris 40, 131-130 (1018). Clymists nnd ~ ~' Bncon, R. F. Work of the Tcchnicnl Division, Chemical WnrPnre Service. 5. Ind. Xng. Chem. 11, 13-15 (1010). -onwood chnrconl ns n catnlgxer nnd its use as nn nbsorbent in fins mnslrs. (Lctter) J Ind. Eng. Chem. 11, 801-2 (1019). Rncoll W.8. Proving Division Chemicnl Wnrinre ~erdcc. J. ~nd.~ng. Chcm. il, 513-8111 (mu). Baker Newton D Chemistry in wnrinre. J. Ind. EX,;. Chern. 11, '021-023 (1010). Bnncroft W. D. Chemicnl wnrinre rescnrch. J. Ind. gng. Chem. 10, 785-0 (1018) ; Chem. Yet. E~R.111, 5-14 (1018). (nlnlj. Burrs, R. Americn's most terrible Tpenpon, the Combinntion of prl~ssicacid nnd nrsenutcil hydro- greutcst poieon gas plnnt in the world. Cur- gen anid tn Re uurd hy Germnns. Militrw rent IIlstory, 0, pnrt 2, 125-8 (1010). Surgcon 593 (May, 1D10); Arms nnd the Blunt April (;. 'INO. Bnslterville, C. Gnscs in this wnr. Rcview of Coiiipetitlon 111 poison gns. Sci. Am. 120, 618 Reviews, 68, 273-280 (11118). (loin). Bnttle of poisonous gnsea. Scl. Am. 110, 101 Cory, .C, R Jr. New Tnnlcee gns bomb. Illas. (Sent. 7. 1018). World 20: 524-529 (1018). Bentin, A. F. . Gns-flow rnoter for smnll rntes of ~ushmaiA S. Rolc of chcnliatry in the wnr. flow. J. Ind. Eng Chem. 11, 023-9 (1910). J. Bini1;lin Insl. 181. 1G3-100 (Web.,. . 101Ol. (See Berolzhelmer. D. D. Blbliogrnphy of cnrbonyl PP. 180-180). chlorlde (phosgene). J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 11, Dnnpcr of using nrnlv gns mnslrs in mlncs nnd 203-268 (loin,. inctoriea. Cur. Opln'ion, 07 04 (1010). Gnscs n6cd in mnrhrc. References to the stnnd- Dnnnemnnn, Frcidrlch. TI); mnr's enil nnB the ard reference books. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 11, chemist. Chml. Ztg. 43, 48-40, 68-69 (1010). 250 (1019). Delnforcc, E. F. Wenthcrcocks. J, Roynl Artll- Uertlielot, Dnvid, and Trnnnoy RenB. Abeorbcnt lery 43, 16-17 (Apr., 101U) ; I. nf, D. t017, 13. power of clry or moist enrth townras chlorine ~evel6~in~gns helmets. Army and hnvy Regis- gns. Compt. rend. 108 121-123 (1010). ter 61 634 (Mny 5, 1017). Best d~fcnsewninst c~l~drine.Formuln. Sci. Am. ~eveiopnticnt of mustard gns. Am. 3lnch. 4% 113, 405 (Nov. 27, 1916). 1100-1200 (1918). Bemnre the Ide(n)s of Bfnrch. Editorlnl. J. Ind. Devcsc nnd Orsnud, nfnslr for nsphvxinting Illng. Chem. 11 814-0 (1D10) vnpora. S. Presse XI6d. Pnris, 28, 176 (i015). Blum, Wm. Mi1l1tnry applicntion of electrofllnt- Dewey, Brndley. Production of gns deiNIRe lug Trans. Am. Electrocbern. Soc. 34, 1110-176 eqnipment for the nrmy. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. (1018). 11, 185-107 (1010). Bomh~'em1ttlngnsphyxinting gnfies used by Ocr- Dickena P. B. Germnn cliemlcnl frialitfulnesa; mnns in Flnnders. Army nnd Nnvy J., 62, 1008 historb of onc of tho nrst gnses urrcd in th (Mny 1, 1016) ; I. Bf. D. 1015, 35 wnr. U. 8. Nnvnl Mcd. Bull. Suppl. 13, 44-47 Bourcler, m. Gns nttnck. Scribnor's bfng., 03, (1010). 725-8 (101.9) Dispersing naghyxintlng gnscs. Sci. Am, ll3, 03 Brndley Bnrold C. Protectire clothinfi. in the (JIIIY 31 1015). wnr ins industry. J. Ind. Hygiene, 1, 265-258 Division df gns wnrfnre of the Wnr Depnrtment. rialor . Science. 43, 0-7 (10181. Brndwood Wnt. Wnr mlsalea snclent nnd othcr- Dodgo, W. D. Liquid fire nntl nephyxinting wise. TIIC Field. The Fr~rni.The Gnrden, Lon- ~IISPS. Army nnd Nnvy Register, 00, 8 (Jnly 1. don 125 525-7 (Mar. 27, 1915). 1010). ~rcilih.i'rrdcrick E. ~hoPersonnel Section oi Dornev, B,nf. Tho Derelopmcnt DivInton Clield- the Chemlrnl Wnrfnrc Servlce. J. Ind Eng. cnl '~ni-farcService. J. Ind. Bng. ~h~ru.11, Chem. 11, 510-618 (1019). '81-291 (1910). Brooke R T. Metllorls of uslng mustard gns. ~hblrrole of chlorine in wnr. Bo~tonMet1 rind currdnt kistory, 8, Pnrt 2 203-4 (1018). Surclrnl J. 1015. 28-4 (July 1. 1015) ; I. 11. D. Brothers in nrms. British 'nnd French soldiers mo; 33. wenrlng thelr poison fins mnslts. Sphere, 03, Dudley, 1-1 \Ir. Gns wnrfnre both offensive nud 217 (Nov. 27, 1915) ; I. M. D. 1010, 618 clrfensivr. Chem. Xet. lCrig,' 10, 706-700 (1018). Crown, Chns. 0. U. S. ch~mlcnlplnnt for mnnn- Durgln, Allicrt G. Wnr uscfl of pulp nnd pnpcr. fncturin~ odium cvnnirle, Snltvillo Virglnia. Pnprr, 24, 510-1, 606-002 (lDl3). J. Ind. nna. Chem li. 1010-1013 (lfll9\. Enrl~,Rnlp11 Chemistry nnd the nnry. J. Ind. Burrell, G. A Resenrch D~rlsion.'Chemlcnl Tnr- Enp. Cl~ctn.11, 924-027 (1910). f~rpService. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 11, 03-1M BdAy, S. Poison gns in wnrfnre. Current Ills- (1010). tory S P11rt 2 201-3 (19181. Burrows, E R Most flendiah mnchine of the ~'~mlhoides ins nspllysinnts n In gocrrr en prent wnr: the chloropicrin phosgene gns minr. fi2;ernagno nu XVe si8cle. Qdnie C., 1018, 274- Illuu. World. 30, 40-7 (1018). LID. Cnnnrlinn nt Yprcs, Brona Arrow, London, 114, Employment of nspiiynfntin~gnses. Ammr and 611-3 (1015). Nnvy Register 68 200 (Aug. 28, 1015) ; LC Cnnnries in rmrfnr~. Llternrg Digest, 54, 1058 Temps, nlny !), i915'; I. 31. D 1016, 95,, (June 23, 1017). Bnemy on "precedents for poison gns A Ger- Cnrvcntcr, D. N. Smoke and powder gnsea in man d1squi':itiou on the lilytory of "chemicnl nnvnl wnrfnre. Mllitnry Surgeon, 30, 401-473 nttnrk" in mnr Illus. T~onilonNews. 147. Part Dl . . I1,-"a", L\ 1-178-(~ig7 1316j1~ C~ir.c!, P. ChPmistr~.chenllstu nnd the war. Rev. ~nhinsde t'rnilch~rs nllcmmir~s pri~en ~11nm- sc~.5R, 233-36 (1014). pnpnc. VIllustrntion 14G, 483 (Nov. 6, 1015). Chapmfln J. I3 W Poison ERE. Letter to edltor. Eyemitnes': of the "pns Imttle" nt Ypres. Lit. ~ntion.'37.613 (July 17. 1016). Dipst, 51. 483-485, (1915). Chemlcnl Wnrfure Srrvlce. Science 48, 133-135 Ferrrro di Cnvnllerleonc, I,. Agphyxlnting gasen (1018). Sclence Monthly, 7. 470-480 (1018). nntl protective mnslrs. Giornnla delln renle Chrrniml Wnrfnrc Service Nxtionnl nrmy nnd list Accnd. di Med. (11 Torino, (4) 21, 366-370 (In=). 228 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Fleldner, A. C., and Katz 6. H. The use of nrmy Germnn use of nsphyxiutlng pus: Army nnd Navy $ns lnnsks in ntmosheres contninlng sulfur Reglster 57 676 (MnY 20, 1916). I. M D. 1016, ioxlde. Chem. Met. Eng. 20, 582-586; Mining 35. ~rit:hied. 5. 1915, I, 774; !he. sphere, 81, Sci. Press, 118, 773-777; Bug. Mjnlns J. 107, 202 (May 29, 1016). 13-095 (1919. Germnn use of gas. Army and Nnvy Qnaette, 66, Ficldner A. C., Tengue, M. C., and Yoe, J. H. 424 (1916l. Protection n!Tordcd by nrrny gas masks ngainst ~ermnnus6 of poisonous gns. The Brond Arrow various industrial gnaes. J, Ind. Eng. Chem. 95, 185 (Aug. 13, 1915); Army nn'd Nnvg J. 62: 11 m-623 (1910) 1617 (Aua. 28. 1915). Flelhner A. C oberiell Q Tengue M. C. ~ermnn$'sbe -of gns. Brltlsh declarptlon nnd ~'nwren; J. N. hiethod'; of testing gns flxing the responsibilitf for its introduction masks nnd nhjlorbents. J. Ind. Eng, Chem. 11, into thc war. Current History, 9, Pnrt 2, 128. 510-40 (Junc, 1010). 1x (1919). F1 ht ngninst gus. Hnrper's Weekly, 01, 323 (61015\. Gogglea, masks, and bnyonets defylng the enemy Fikhting Germnn gns. Lit. Digest, 68, 23-24 poison gas. Illus. London Ncws, 147, Part 1, (1018). 114 (July 24, 1916). Fightill with li uid flre. Lit Digest, 52, 924- Gomberg M. Bthylene chlorohydrin and B.B.. 0% .&Dr. 1, 1918 dlchlorbethyl sulflde. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 41, Figbtlng the war gas. Lit. Digest, 51, 61 (July 1414-1431 (1919). 10. 1915). Goss, B. C. An artillery ns attnck. J. Ind. Hlng. ~i6fin:'kith fumce-a humnn innovation. In- Chem. 11 820-836 (1~in7. dependent 82 227-228 (1015) -G~S warfare nt tho front. Eng. 6oc. W. Flame projehtor; Artny ond ~hyJ., 53, 527 (Dec. Pa. 35, 181-1!+4 (1019). 25, 1915). I. bf. D. 1010, 258. -- Projectors-British nnd German. Nat. For wnr's grlm masquerade. Illus World, 30, Servlce with Intecu, Milltary Digest, 8, No. 6 380 (1018). (May, 1010), 276-280. Franklnnd P B Chnllenger F and Nicholls, Qrcelc fire. Chnmbers' J., London (3) 20, 200-201 N. A, ~keparationof methviam?ne from chloro- (1863). picrln. J Chcm. ~oc.115, im-162 (1910). Greek flre of the Qermnns. Illus. bondon News. Freeman, A. Liquld fire nnd poi.;on gas. Livlng - 149, Pnrt 1, 108 (~ug.5, 1010). Age (8) 6 406-498 (May 20, 1917). (Tnken from Green Arthur M. The history of "mustnrd gas." ~hnbber's'J ). J. S'oc. Chem. Ind. 38. 303-364 R. (1010). Fries, Amos A. Gus in Attack. Nnt Servlcc Green S. M. united Stnteq government chlorlne- with Intern. hlilitnry Digest, 5, 327-33G (1910) ; 0, cnuAt1c soda plnnt at Edgewood, Md. Chcm. 7-12 (19191. Met. Eng. 21, 17-24 (1010). ' ~himicnlwnrfare-The brenth of death. Grignnrd, V. nnd Urbnin, md. Prepnrntlon of Dnugllters of tho Am. Revolution Bing. 63, 450- phosgene from carbon tetrachloride nnd fuming or ordmnry sulfuric ncid. Compt. rend. 109, 17. 473 (1010). mfi ,.*.a, Gus ns n wpnpon. Lit. Digest, 50, 1323. (June 5, zu ((IUIY). 1015). Qunreschl. I. Sln~ularnronerties of sodn lime (Absorption of ~&XJIIO~H ind irrltntlng gaserr). Atti. nccad. aci. Torino. 51, 4-20, 69-82, 203-78, 1094-1113 (1010). Hansen N. L. De kvnelende nsarter. Dnnek ~rtil~kri-tjdskrjft,No. 6, 104-l~f(Sept. 1DlS) ; I. M. D. 1915 33. Hnrrom, ~en'jnmin. The cllernlsts of Amcricn. Sci. Monthly 7 3!33-300 (1018). Henilrick, 11l;vobd Cl~emicnl mnrfnre-n new Gds ninsks have industrlnl limitations Iron weapon. Chem. Met. Enp. 20 152-154 (1810 . Trnde Rev. 01, 1559-1Z00; Eng hiin. J. 107, 472- Heritnp, A. M. ~efrigerntioi requiremenia of 478; Chem. Mot. Eng. 20, 220-221; Iron Ape, Chcm~cnlWnrfnre. Am. Soc. Refrigerntin Ing 103. 755 i1910). 5. 6 403-415 (May 1919) ; Mech. mug. 4f, 806: Gas inn~lcii-Ghustry. Sci. Am. 121, 421. sio bet, KIICI). Gus masks, respuntors and oxygen breathing ap- Hllrlrlmmd. Jocl H. Orgnnlzatlon nnd work of pnrntus for fire fighters. Am. City, (C. Ed ) E@pn Field. J. Ind. Bug. Chem. 11, 201-202

20. M3-M5 l191Dl.>----, - Cns ' offense prcpnrntions in the United States n record of achicvcment. J. Ind. %g. Chem. '11, 5-12 (lnl9); Scj, Am. S. 87, 180-2 (Mar. 22, 1910). Gns oisnning In wnr. Cannda Lancet, 48, 641 (19f4-191.51.

LYL", to suit everybody. Lit. Digest, 57, 20-21 ). G&es used in lnorlcrn trench marfnre. Enr. hiin. J. 103, DOG-007,L117 (my 20, June xi, 1917). Gnutler, C1 Utiliantion of war gnscs nnd liqulrl flre in ngrlculturfil nractice. Compt. rend ncnd. agr, Frnnce. ,5. 377-551 i10lnl. German flnme projector8 in-'ke Illus. London News, 147, 330-33i (Sept. 11. isis. In the gas musk fnctorv. Sci. Am. 110 275 (1918). German gns nttacks. Lit. Digest, 55, 37, 38, 40 Industrinl uses nnrl iimitntious of kespirators, (1017). ans ~nnslts nnd oxygcn oppnrnLus Eng. Mln. ~ermaG~gnsnttnclc seen from the nir. Illus. Lon- J. 107, 472-3 Chem. Met. Eng. 20, 220-221. Scl. don News, 147, 789 (Dec. 18, 1015). Am. S. 87, 254 (1919). German improvements In "Flammenwerfer." Jennings W. L. nnd ~cottW. B. Preparation of cynhopen chloride. J.' Am. Chem. Soc. 41, Illus. London News, Bj, 37 (Sept. 6, 1917). 1!241-1248 (1919). Germnn methods of gns attack in Polnnd. The TCershaw, J. B. C. The war from n chemist's nnd Tlmes, London, June 18, 1016. p. 530. engineer's standpoint. The use of poisonous German methods of trench marfare. Prof. hfcm. gaserr by the Germans in trench wnrfare, Army 9, 551 (Sept., Oct., 1917). nml Navy Gazette, 50, 496-407 (Jllne 6, 1If15). SPECIAL LIBRARIES 229

Usc of poisonous enscs in wnrfare. How -gnses nre generated nnd how men nmy protcct themselves from them. Scl. Am. 112 5135-59s (June 12, 1916). Cnssier's Eng. bl. lbl6, 51-0 (Jnlv)..- --" ,- IItaly, 18, 421-33 (Nov., 1915) ; I. AT. U i~17). inx----, cci-- Norris, Jnmes I?. Mnnufncturc of wnr gnses in Sherlock, C. C. Poiso~~ousfumrs nud vnpors. Germnny. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 11, 817-820 (191!)). I'owcr, 48, 072473 (1918). Korthrup, J I<., Ashr, L. LI. nnd lIorg:~n R. lt Slbcrl. Wm. 1, Innovntiona of thr recent wnr Fern~cntntion process for tlic produc~lon of J. develnn(1 Ens. soc. 11, 272-281 (i\Inrcl~,UII!I): ncetone and cthyl nlcohol. J. Ind. Png. Chem. -- Prepnretlne~~rind Chemicnl Wnrfilw. 11, 723.727 (1010). Clleru. Eng. 27 205407 (1010) ; J. In(1. Ihg. Oberfell G. G nnd Mase, R. P. An nntonlntlc (yl~c~n.11. IUIKI-C'~. 1!)10 compekntln< flow meter. J. Ind. Eng. Cl~cm. 11, 29.1-296 (1019). Wii guic; nFe of vltnl xnilitnrv impor- Otter C. G, yon. Gnses ns instrumcnta of mnr- tnncc. Gns di~e,44, 245-8 (Sept. 15, ~nio). fnr;. Artlllerl-Tidslcrift, Sweden! 46, 69-60 Slrruaon, E ID Wttnt Germany escaped. Ind DS, X5-367 (1910). Smith, R -c. hmufncture of U~RI~IILC trlcl~lorlde J. Ind. Eng. Chcm. 11, 10D-110 (1019). 1,I. I Nntionnl gurirdsmnn or1 tl~r Gnlicinn front. h'ntlonal Gunrd. Mag. 13, 1:12- 13.3, 1-40-141 (July, 1910). Sobre gnscs nsflxu~ntcs. Ln Guerrn y su Prcpn- rncibn. 1. 114-119 (lOlGI. Sponr fi. '13. ~omkpioblcrns of gns mnrinre Sci 'Monthly, 8, E5-283 (1010). Spraying llqu~d flrc. Illo~.London Kerns, 147, Part 1. 253 (Aua. 21. 1015). (1918). Pench stones for gas mnslcs. Llt. Digest, 59, 24- St~vens,0 E 'en< ~efenae.'Stone & Webst~rJ., 23 (1015). 24, No. 5. 305-371 (hIfly, 1919) Pelton, II. A. rind Swnrtz, 11 TV. hIwnufnct~~reof Stokes. Wilfrcd. The Stokes gun nnd shell nnd hydrocyanic ncid. Chcm, &!eta Eng. 20, lG-1GO their development. Prof. Mom., 10, 706-788 (1910). (1018). Perrott, G. St. J., nnd Plumb, A. E. Edect of Strccter, Elford. Contlnuou~ vnsuum stlll for 230 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

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~s'e-~~~'asphyrintinggnees. Sci. Monthly, 7, 381 (1018). uh of poisonous gases in wnrfnre. Ned. Nag. (Lontlon), 24. 200-8 (1015). Vnughan, V. C Use of ~olvonousgnaea in the present wnr. J. Lnh Clin. JIed. 3 70-74 (1017) Vlctorln, Cntlos. Modern wnr, nsg1;yxlntmg nnd noxlous gnses. Mclnor~nlde Caballerin, Madrid, I, No. 3, 257-260 (1010). I. M. D. 1917 13. Vitnli, D. Sodn lime inbsorptlon of' asphyxi- nting gnses). G~orn.fnrm. chlm. 64, 433-9 WaegenlnpI1, E. vlln. Sornethlng nbout gns marrka Eet Reggingwcgen in Vredea en oorlogstijd, Rottcrdnm, a, NO. 03, 49-55 (1017). Wninwright Lennox. What 1s the gas? Lnncet, July 24 lb16 108. Walker, kllli&n H. Gus, smoke nnd flnme in this war nnd the next. Bng. Soc. W. Pn. 36, 195-214 (my. 1910). Ghs -%nrfnr'e nnd the development of Edyewood Arsennl. blanufncturcrs' Record 76 05-6 (1910); Trans. Am. Electrochem. SO; 38 (1919). War by noxious gns; p0Sdhle enemy wnys nnd mcnna. Illns London News 148 653 (1015) Wnr by poison. Spectntor, 114, 048-~3(1016): Wnr of gobes. Ind 05, 53 (1918). SPECIAL LIBRARIES 231

Bnrbeuai O. Dlsturbi nervosi conscc~~tlvlnll'nzl- tion gnr les gnz nsphyxlnnts lt sen trnitenlcllt one dil gnu nstisslnntl. Rlv. dl. clin. rued. Arch. med, bclges.-. 70, . 575-Btill fi017) ; J. A. 31. A. plrenze 10 170-8 (1918). On, 1203. ~nskervllie,'~hnrles. Ccrtn~n wnr gnsev and De Conclllls. Action of nspliyxlatlng pnses. Poll- hcnlth. Sclencc, 50, 50 (1010) clin. 24, 88 (Mar., 11118) ; J A >I.A. 70, 1508 Bertrnnd, Gnbrlcl. Hlgh tosiclty of cliloroplcrin Cormlo, R Kote ellniche c ter~lpeutlclle sull' towards certn~nlower nnlninls and tllc possibll- ~~v~ellt!nurnentotlu ~IIS ~~sfissiarltl. Pt~ll~l!n., ity of uslng thls substnnce nu n pnrnslticitlc. 23, 1231-184 (1910) ; Qazz. med. lomb. JIllnno, Compt. rend. 168, 712-744 (1010). 7U, 6'2-55 (l!)l7) ; Gazz, rned Slcil., Cntnlr~,20, Bertrnnd Gnbriel nod Roscnblntt >I Compnru- 146-5i (1017). tlre tdxic nct1;n of some voln'tile substnnces Covey, O. W nnd Bnrron M. Pntllology of (ruus- upon various inaccts. 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Chron, mbcl., Pnrls, 25, 25U (1018). polsoning by venesection. Brlt, hied. J. ,1816, Leporsky N. J. Behuvlor of thc vcgetntlve nerv- 1 107-100. ous sydtem during poisoding from nsphyxlntlng ~eit'z,J. Sur lee troubles ~nrdln~nSClllaIre~et nnses. Russk. Vrnch. 16. 391 (1017). I'etnt du snng lea intoxlcntions pnr leg gnz LC% gaz naphyxinnto. Ann. d'hyg. .publ., Pnria, ssphyxlnnts dcs Allemnnds. Arch. P, mnl, du (4) 24 162-176 (1916). coeur (etc) Pnrls, 8, 447-4N (1015) Lcsllc h. M. Asphyxlntln gnses In wnr. Brlt, Henderson Y. Carbon monoxlde poisoning. J. J. dursing 55, No. 3 (10157 ; Mldlnnd Mod J. 14, A. M. A( 87, 580-W9 (Aug. 19 1916). 115 (1915). Hendry, A. W and Horsburgh 'El L Some gen- ~'siie;-HT'.~. Cllntcnl elfccts of nsphyxlntlng eral notes Zn sufiocntion h$ dois'onous gnses gases. Am. Med. 10, 875-882 (1916). with detnlled notes on one fatnl cnse Brit bfed lGEects of the poison gnses used by the J IB15, 1, 9M; J. Royal Army Med. Corpa, a4; Germans. Clln. J. 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De ~'ln&flsnnce cnrdinque s8quelle de 644-848 (111.9). l'l~toxlcatlon par lea gnz chlor0e. Presse med. Hill L-eonard.'~~aspoisoning pathologlcnl symp- -25. ., 49. 11017).,. .. toms and clinical treatment. J. Roynl Army -$&a ~htoxlquespnr les gnz nsphyxinnts Mcd. Corps 26 110-121 (1918). Lnncct 1916 1 av post88 de secours. Bull mem. Soc, med, d. 124B-9 (~ei.4j ; Brlt. hied. i. 11, 8oi-4, &2zf hop de Paris 3) 30, 1067-1073 (1015). SPECIAL LIBRARIES 533

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-Stud1 a111 gnz asllssinntl Ricbhere iltolog- gnses en mnsse. Sibirski Vrnch. 2. 180-101 iscl~esulle ulteroelonl polnionarl consecutive nd ,----,IlrIlJ>.. Intllazlouo. Arcli. fnr~n.sperm 24, 58-64 (1917). Snmmnrtino U. Ln gnstrlte da "gns os5ssinntl.'1 IJlccn P. Prlmn {lei gns naflsslnntl. Itiv, oapedal, Arch. far;. sperm. 25, 300-390 (1018). RO&, 7, 594 (1017). Sntre A nnd Guov P. Deux cas d'lnsutBmnce piccinlni P. Pcr la difesn {lei sns nsfkslnntl. surhnAie nlgue clltez dcs ~oldntsintoxiquea pnr GRZZ. ;led. dl Ro~nn,43. 30-35 (10171. lea gnz. J. de m&d. et cl~ir.prnt. 80. 400-4113 pick. ~eitrngzu den Si~utgnserkrnnkungen der (19lR1 Augen. Ueutaclle metl. W. 4.1, 1394-1306 (1918). sc'iiiie're E On the lrnmedlnte effects of the pick F. Ueber Rrlrrnnlcnllg durch Knmpfgns. inhnlntibn of chlorine gas. Urlt. Bled. J. 191b, ~ienklin. W. 31, 4M (1018). 11, 245-247. Sereisky, N. Y. Nervous n?cl psvchic condition Plcknrd, H. L. 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Contrlbuto nllo studio degll nffetti ~hnrelio,C. ~el&lookaugl!,elTettl morbosi delle dei gna tosfilci cli guerrn con I'illnstrnxlone dl prnnuti cariche nd "yprite. Gior. (la med. ulll. un cnso (11 gar&reue schemica dell'nrto s11- 00. 128-134 (1018) periore. Rlformn Med., Nnples, 33. 28-30 [19183. Poisouous gassee. Brit. hlod. J. 1015, I, 1010. Slsto P L'avvelenamento -per- g& nsflsainnto. Poiso!~ous gnses nt the Acntl8mle cle blcdiclne. ~ldorninMcd. 32, 1234, 1285, 1200 (1918). Arnw nnd Xnvy Register, 58, 2110 (1015). Skvortsofl V. I. Trcntment o$ those oisoned Poisonous gnses nt the front. Med. Mng. London, wit11 nsbhyx~ut~nggnseh. nusslc, ~rncE14, 793 24. 101 clolsl. (1915). ~oehriske,I.' B Pathologo-anntolnicnl nltern- ~ni~tb,iIomer. w., ~lowes,G. 11. A, and hInr~ll~II, tions in the bodles of those dead from nsphyxi- G. I<. hlechnnism nnd absorption of mustnrd uting gnsea, Russlr. Vruch. 14, 073-U77 (ItllB). pus by the skin. J. Phurm. ncol. 13, 1-30 (1010). 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