THE INA QUARTERLY BRINGING HISTORY TO LIGHT THROUGH THE SCIENCE OF

JOIN OR SUPPORT INA DETAILS INSIDE PG. 8

INA RESEARCHERS IN CROATIA THE 2015 CLAUDE DUTHUIT GRANT

IOPPA MARITIMA DEEP-SEA SURVEY RESULTS FROM THE 2014 SEASON

PUTTING THE PIECES TOGETHER LACED SHIP FRAGMENTS FROM THE ADRIATIC WINTER 2014 VOLUME 41, NO. 4 s

FOUNDERS DIRECTORS (CONTINUED) BODRUM RESEARCH TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY AFFILIATED SCHOLARS (CONTINUED) George F. Bass, Ph.D. ◊ Lew Ward CENTER STAFF (CONTINUED) GRADUATE FELLOWS Irena Radič-Rossi, Ph.D. CONTENTS Edith Trnka (CONTINUED) University of Zadar John Baird † Roger A. Williamson, M.D.* Süleyman Türel Mr. & Mrs. Ray H. Siegfried David Stewart, Ph.D. Michael Katzev † Robyn Woodward, Ph.D. II Graduate Fellows East Carolina University DEPARTMENTS Treasurer * Güneş Yaşar José Casabán Jack W. Kelley ◊ Kristine Trego, Ph.D. Sally M. Yamini Karl Krusell 4 LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT FACULTY, NAUTICAL Bucknell University OFFICERS/ Kenan Yılmaz Kevin Melia-Teevan ADMINISTRATION ARCHAEOLOGY PROGRAM Peter van Alfen, Ph.D. 6 NEWS AND EVENTS AT TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY Kotaro Yamafume President* ASSOCIATE DIRECTORS American Numismatic Society Deborah N. Carlson, Ph.D. 20 REVIEW Deborah N. Carlson, Ph.D. Gordon W. Bass Associate Professor, Sara W. AFFILIATED SCHOLARS Wendy Van Duivenvoorde, Ph.D. Vice President Raynette Boshell and George O. Yamini Fellow Kroum Batchvarov, Ph.D. Flinders University 21 TRIBUTE Cemal M. Pulak, Ph.D. University of Connecticut Allan Campbell, M.D. Filipe Vieira de Castro, Gordon P. Watts, Jr., Ph.D. 22 2014 DONORS, SUPPORTERS, Vice President* William C. Culp, M.D. Ph.D. Professor, Frederick R. John Broadwater, Ph.D. Tidewater Atlantic Research AND SPONSORS Mayer Professor of Nautical Spritsail Enterprises Kevin J. Crisman, Ph.D. Glenn Darden Archaeology II RESEARCH ASSOCIATES Offce Manager Grace Darden Arthur Cohn, J.D. FIELD REPORTS Tamara Hebert Kevin J. Crisman, Ph.D. Lake Champlain Maritime John A. Albertson Nicholas Griffs Associate Professor, Nautical Museum J. Barto Arnold, M.A. 6 10 PUTTING THE PIECES Offcer Robin P. Hartmann Archaeology Faculty Fellow TOGETHER Laura White Mariá del Pilar Luna Piotr Bojakowski, Ph.D. Faith Hentschel, Ph.D. Erreguerena, M.A. Examining the Roman-era laced Donny L. Hamilton, Ph.D. Lilia Campana, Ph.D. vessel technique in the Venice BODRUM RESEARCH CENTER Susan Katzev Professor, George T. & Gladys National Institute of Anthropology and History Lido III timbers H. Abell Chair in Nautical Massimo Capulli, Ph.D. Director James Kjorlien BY STACI WILLIS AND MASSIMO CAPULLI Tûba Ekmekçi Archaeology, Yamini Family Ben Ford, Ph.D. Chris Cartellone, M.A. William C. Klein, M.D. Chair in Liberal Arts Finance Manager Indiana University of José Luis Casabán 16 2014 IOPPA MARITIMA Thomas McCasland, Jr. Pennsylvania PROJECT: THE SEA SURVEY Özlem Doğan Cemal M. Pulak, Ph.D. Alexis Catsambis, Ph.D. Jeffrey Morris Associate Professor, Jeremy Green, M.A. INA archaeologists are Katie Custer Bojakowski, Ph.D. DIRECTORS Frederick R. Mayer Professor Western Australia Maritime searching for shipwrecks in Terry A. Ray Israel's ancient shipping lanes Oğuz Aydemir of Nautical Archaeology I Museum Matthew Harpster, Ph.D. Anne Darden Self using multibeam data and Edward O. Boshell, Jr. C. Wayne Smith, Ph.D. Elizabeth S. Greene, Ph.D. Rebecca Ingram, Ph.D. underwater robotics Betsey Boshell Todd Brock University BY SHELLEY WACHSMANN, DOUGLAS John Cassils, M.D. Associate Professor, Michael Jones, Ph.D. Ken Trethewey, Ph.D. INA Faculty Fellow INGLIS, MEGAN LICKLITER-MUNDON, Lucy Darden * Jerome Hall, Ph.D. Jun Kimura, Ph.D. VERONICA MORRISS AND HOLLY PERDUE Garry A. Weber Shelley Wachsmann, Ph.D. University of San Diego Margaret Leshikar-Denton, Ph.D. Thomas F. Darden ON THE COVER: Kastela Bay, Professor, Meadows Professor Faith Hentschel, Ph.D. John De Lapa BODRUM RESEARCH of Biblical Archaeology Berta Lledó, M.A 10 Croatia, to be explored by the 2015 Past Chairman* Central Connecticut State Claude Duthuit Grant recipient CENTER STAFF University Colin Martin, Ph.D. Carl Douglas Bilge Güneşdoğ̌du Akman EMERITUS FACULTY, Nicolle Hirschfeld, Ph.D. Veronica Morriss, M.A. Danielle J. Feeney * Miray Olcay Ata NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY Trinity University Robert Neyland, Ph.D. James A. Goold PROGRAM AT TEXAS Mustafa Babacık Ralph K. Pedersen, Ph.D. Secretary & General Counsel * A&M UNIVERSITY Frederick Hocker, Ph.D. Esra Altınanıt Biçer Museum Jeff Hakko George F. Bass, Ph.D. Robin C. M. Piercy Mehmet Çiftlikli Rebecca Martin Distinguished Professor Robert Hohlfelder, Ph.D. J. B. Pelletier Emeritus Zafer Gül University of Colorado at Juan Pinedo Reyes Greg Maslow, M.D. Boulder Fred van Doorninck, Jr., Ph.D. Sheila Matthews, M.A. Seçil Kayacık John Pollack, M.Sc. Mark Lawall, Ph.D. Gülser Kazancıoğ̌lu J. Richard Steffy† Pamela Matthews, Ph.D. University of Manitoba Mark Polzer, M.A. Dana F. McGinnis Şükran Köroğlu Donald Rosencrantz TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY Justin Leidwanger, Ph.D. Alex G. Nason Orkan Köyağasıoğ̌lu Jeff Royal, Ph.D. GRADUATE FELLOWS Stanford University Nurgül Külah Lynn Baird Shaw Marian M. Cook John McManamon, S.J. Miguel San Claudio, Ph.D. Jason Sturgis Muammer Özdemir Graduate Fellows Loyola University Randall Sasaki, M.A. Vice Chairman* 16 Adem Şirin Carolyn Kennedy Harun Özdaş, Ph.D. George Schwarz, Ph.D. Robert L. Walker, Ph.D. Aysel Tok Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Chairman* Staci Willis Cheryl Ward, Ph.D. WWW.NAUTICALARCH.ORG 3 * Executive Committee | ◊ Non-voting Board | † Deceased The Institute of Nautical Archaeology is a non-proft organization whose mission is to advance the search for the history of civilization by fostering excellence in A LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT

The INA Quarterly (ISSN 1090- 2015 CLAUDE 2635) is published by the Institute of Nautical Archaeology DUTHUIT GRANT Publication of the INA Quarterly is made possible by a grant AWARD RECIPIENT from the Ed Rachal Foundation

Editor Deborah N. Carlson, Ph.D. In 2013, INA established the Claude Duthuit Archaeology Grant, a $25,000 award made Assistant Editor Stephanie Koenig annually to the underwater archaeological project that best captures the spirit of Claude Designer Duthuit. The frst recipient of the award was Jacqueline Munz Many INA Quarterly readers are barrel vaults that are the architectural Dr. Kroum Batchvarov, in 2014. Printed by doubtless aware that, at the same time hallmark of the main ofce building. David Ruff, a former U.S. Navy submarine INA was excavating the Late Bronze Age I am delighted and honored to Newman Printing Co., Inc. captain, now completing his Ph.D. in Texas Bryan, Texas at Uluburun, in the acknowledge the generosity of a second 1990s, INA staf were also overseeing generation of INA supporters, who have A&M University's Nautical Archaeology Institute of Nautical Archaeology the construction of a dedicated INA made possible extensive roof repairs to Program, is the second recipient of this research center in Bodrum, just beyond the main ofce building and dormitory P.O. Drawer HG prestigious award. The funds will support College Station, Texas the city wall of ancient Halicarnassus of the BRC! Tese repairs, which are 77841-5137 USA and overlooking the Crusader Castle now underway, require that all of the his study, with Dr. Irena Radič-Rossi of the email [email protected] that houses the Museum of Underwater irregular stones lining each of the vaults University of Zadar, of a Roman ship scuttled phone (979) 845-6694 Archaeology (INAQ 21.4 and 40.2). be removed before the entire outer fax (979) 847-9260 Te unique design of INA’s Bodrum surface is covered with waterproofng to strengthen the sea wall in the Bay of www.nauticalarch.org Research Center (BRC) is that of material and the stones reinstalled and Kastela, Croatia. award-winning Turkish architect Turgut pointed by hand. Tose who have joined The opinions expressed in the Cansever, who combined Aegean together to support these important INA Quarterly articles are those materials with contrasting elements repairs include: our friends at the Ed of the authors and do not in unfnished concrete. In the 1990s, Rachal Foundation, and INA board I am humbled by and grateful necessarily refect the views more than a dozen INA directors members Allan Campbell, John DeLapa, for the support from INA for of the Institute and supporters stepped forward to Sheila Matthews, Garry Weber, and this research. It is a fascinating fnance the construction of the BRC’s Sally Yamini. historical era, and this grant If you are interested in main ofce building, research library, We could not be more grateful to submitting an article for publica- conservation laboratories, and 18-person these fantastic people for their generosity simultaneously supports tion please contact the Editor at dormitory with guest suite. in supporting a vibrant overseas research new exploration, educational [email protected] Since that time, INA’s BRC has center that is still the jewel in INA’s development, and international been the summer home of hundreds crown! ©April 2015 by the partnership. My thanks to the INA Archaeological of project directors, graduate Institute of Nautical Archaeology Committee, and to Mrs. Duthuit, for enabling this students, scientifc researchers, visiting All rights reserved archaeologists, and VIP guests. And 25 work to occur. -DAVID RUFF years later, the elements have taken their Deborah Carlson toll on the numerous concrete-framed [email protected] www.nauticalarch.org/duthuit NEWS & EVENTS INA Events in Turkey and Texas, NAP Alumni News

SILICONE OIL CONSERVATION Hole Oceanographic Institute and the attending ofcial events and meeting the COURSE IN BODRUM Greek Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities Emperor Meiji, the Turkish dignitaries and In early 2015, Wayne Smith, Associate returned to the site for one month and crew of Ertuğrul initiated their return to Professor in the Nautical Archaeology recovered additional artifacts associated Turkey on September 15, 1890. Shortly Program (NAP) at Texas A&M University with the shipwreck. after departure, a storm sprang up and (TAMU), travelled to INA's Bodrum the 76-meter frigate, according to the Research Center in Turkey to ofer a short ERTUĞRUL ARTIFACT EXHIBIT few survivors, split in half and sank. Tis Tk here course about his revolutionary silicone oil IN ISTANBUL unfortunate event remains to this day the conservation method. Organic artifacts Te Istanbul Naval Museum in the biggest naval disaster in Turkish history, recovered from dozens of INA excavations popular city quarter of Beşiktaş will host a but its circumstances cemented a long and in Turkey are potential candidates for collection of artifacts recovered from INA's enduring friendship between the modern silicone oil treatment, so the training underwater excavation of an Ottoman nations of Japan and Turkey due to the provided by Smith is valuable for INA's Frigate that sunk in Japan in 1890. immediate response of Emperor Meiji and Ertuğrul artifacts at the past and future projects. Te frigate Ertuğrul was built by the local Japanese villagers in helping with the Istanbul Naval Museum Tis summer, Smith plans to initiate a Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I in 1854 recovery of the survivors. project aimed at re-conserving the timbers and launched in 1864. In 1889, then An INA team headed by Berta Lledó and from the 1st-century B.C. shipwreck at 25-year-old Ertuğrul was chosen for Tufan Turanlı has been working at the Antikythera, Greece, discovered in the a noble mission: a diplomatic visit to site since 2007. In 2010 the frst exhibit in the Istanbul Naval Museum includes highlight of the day was two lectures by Objects from the Ertuğrul early 20th century and the source of the Japan. On June 7, 1890, at the end of opened, and since then the artifacts from relevant historical and archival documents Wendy Van Duivenvoorde, Assistant Shipwreck Exhibit famous and sophisticated Antikythera 11 difcult months at sea, the frigate Ertuğrul have traveled to six diferent in addition to the archaeological artifacts. Professor of maritime archaeology at mechanism. Last fall a team from Woods arrived in Yokohama. After three months museums in Turkey and Japan. Te exhibit Te exhibit will be open to the public Flinders University, on Dutch East from April 2 until December 31 2015. India Company Shipbuilding, and Arthur Cohn, co-founder and executive SHIPWRECK WEEKEND 2015 director of the Lake Champlain Maritime Shipwreck Weekend, an annual event Museum, on Benedict Arnold's gunboat, showcasing the feldwork and research Spitfre. conducted under the auspices of the NAP, the Center for Maritime Archaeology NAP ALUMNI NEWS and Conservation (CMAC), and INA John Albertson (M.A., 2014) is now took place on April 11, with generous employed as a marine archaeologist with support from INA, CMAC, the TAMU Geoscience Earth and Marine Services Department of Student Organization (GEMS), a consulting company at Forum Development and Administration, and the Energy Technologies, in Houston, Texas. TAMU Anthropology Department. Rebecca Ingram (Ph.D., 2014) has been Tis year's one day event, which took hired as the new curator of exhibits and place on the TAMU campus, included an collections at the Brazos Valley Museum of open house in the NAP laboratories of Natural History in Bryan, Texas. the Anthropology Building, with activities Staci Willis, currently fnishing her designed to introduce visitors of all ages to dissertation, has recently been invited as the methods, challenges, a visiting instructor to Stephen F. Austin and rewards of nautical archaeology. Te State University in Texas.

Smith teaches the BRC staff about silicone oil FOLLOW INA ONLINE: Find the latest news, excavation blogs, photos and more conservation treatments at www.nauticalarch.org. Like our Facebook page, too!

6 INA QUARTERLY 41.4 WINTER 2014 WWW.NAUTICALARCH.ORG 7 JOIN OR RENEW AND HELP INA BRING HISTORY TO LIGHT

Some Noteworthy INA Excavations

For more than 40 years, INA archaeologists have been BENEFITS OF INA MEMBERSHIP directing or participating in shipwreck excavations around the world. These archaeological projects, which represent > Four print or digital issues of the INA Quarterly, now all historical periods and geographic regions, are how INA in its ffth decade brings history to light through the science of shipwrecks. > Monthly e-news via the INA Insider, featuring behind-the- scenes feld reports and announcements about upcoming 14th-century BC Bronze Age shipwreck at Uluburun, Turkey lectures, publications, and book signings 13th-century BC Bronze Age shipwreck at Cape Gelidonya, Turkey > Exclusive access to members-only content on the INA 7th-century BC Phoenician shipwreck at Bajo de la Campana, Spain website 6th-century BC Archaic Greek shipwreck at Pabuç Burnu, Turkey > 50% discount on membership in the National Maritime 5th-century BC Classical Greek shipwreck at Tektaş Burnu, Turkey Historical Society (NMHS) which includes four issues of Sea 3rd-century BC Hellenistic shipwreck at Serçe Limanı, Turkey History magazine 1st-century BC Hellenistic column wreck at Kızılburun, Turkey > 30% discount on nautical archaeology titles from Texas 4th-10th century shipwrecks at Tantura Lagoon, Israel A&M University Press 4th / 5th-century Late Roman shipwreck at Yassıada, Turkey > 20% discount on membership in the Nautical Archaeology 7th-10th century shipwrecks at Yenikapı, Turkey Society (NAS) which includes two issues of the International 7th-century Byzantine Shipwreck at Yassıada, Turkey Journal of Nautical Archaeology (IJNA)* 9th-century Byzantine shipwreck at Bozburun, Turkey > 10% discount on merchandise available through INA’s 11th-century medieval glass wreck at Serçe Limanı, Turkey online store 16th-century shipwreck at Molasses , Turks and Caicos 16th-century Ottoman shipwreck at Yassıada, Turkey INA MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES 17th-century pipe wreck at Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic (as of January 1, 2015) 17th-century Nossa Senhora dos Mártires in Lisbon, Portugal Diver ($40)- Join at this level and receive the benefts of INA 17th-century Santo Antonio de Tanna at Mombasa, Kenya membership, as well as a gift featuring the INA logo and a 17th-century sunken city of Port Royal, Jamaica color photo from an INA excavation 18th-century shipwreck at Sadana Island, Egypt Surveyor ($75)- Join at this level and and receive all the 1830s side-wheel steamboat Heroine in Red River, Oklahoma benefts of Diver membership plus a DVD featuring an INA 1860s Civil-War blockade runner Denbigh in Galveston, Texas project 19th-century horse-powered ferry in Burlington Bay, Vermont 19th-century Gold Rush steamboat survey in Yukon, Canada Institutional ($100)- Libraries, museums, and educational organizations receive all the benefts of Diver membership and an acknowledgment in the INA Quarterly as a support- ing institution Excavator ($150)- Join at this level and receive all the ben- JOIN OR SUPPORT INA TODAY! efts of Surveyor membership as well as a select piece of Bringing History To Light Through The Science Of Shipwrecks INA merchandise Seafarer ($500)- Join at this level and receive all the ben- efts of Excavator membership plus a replica artifact The Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA) is a non-proft Today there is greater need than ever before to support the Explorer ($1000)- Join at this level and receive all the ben- international research organization committed to locating, work done by INA. The world’s submerged archaeological sites efts of Seafarer membership plus a book autographed by excavating, recording, preserving, and publishing shipwrecks are threatened not just by the ravages of time, but also by the INA Founder Dr. George F. Bass and other archaeological sites of maritime signifcance. INA was destructive activities of dredging and commercial fshing. With founded over 40 years ago by Dr. George Bass, who in the funding for archaeological feldwork and research always in short Navigator ($5000)- Join at this level and receive all the 1960s pioneered the science of archaeological excavation under supply, INA depends on friends like you to help us protect threat- benefts of Explorer membership plus the opportunity to join water. INA is devoted to the archaeological study of ships as ened sites and promote scholarship by supporting survey, excava- INA’s annual meeting as an Associate Director major vehicles of exploration, colonization, innovation, and cultural tion, conservation, preservation, and education. INA members are exchange. Based in College Station, Texas and affliated with institutions, professionals, enthusiasts, and students united in their Texas A&M University, INA conducts work around the globe on passion for discovering the untold stories that lie hidden beneath Vist us at www.nauticalarch.org to shipwrecks and submerged sites. the sea. Join INA today and become a patron of discovery! become a member or call (979) 845-6694

8 INA QUARTERLY 41.4 WINTER 2014 WWW.NAUTICALARCH.ORG 9 radiocarbon analysis which produced (2σ) calibrated dates of A.D. 140-260 and A.D. 270-330. In the summer of 2013, the authors, along with Dr. Alessandro Asta of the Superintendency for the Archaeological Heritage of Veneto, visited the facility where the laced timbers were stored and briefy examined them. Te peculiar na- ture of several of the timbers warranted further investigation, and so, the authors returned in 2014 to conduct a compre- hensive study.

2014 RESEARCH SEASON In the summer of 2014, Capulli secured permission to transport the timbers from the storage facility on Venice Lido to the fat in Piancada that serves as the home base for the summer research activities of PUTTING THE the Anaxum Project. A 3x2 m pool was purchased and set up in the downstairs room of the fat, providing a climate- controlled and protected area to store the PIECES TOGETHER timbers fully immersed in tap water. In The Laced Timbers of the Venice Lido III Assemblage this way, we had unlimited access to the timbers for about seven weeks from early BY STACI WILLIS AND MASSIMO CAPULLI June to late July. For weeks, Willis pored over these fragments of hull planking, noting every mark and feature, attempting to understand the kind of vessel from which they came. Te work was akin to Once the cordage was pulled tight and century A.D. Two additional fragments n November of 2012, a storm raged features and materials used. One of the feature of this tradition is that the planks tied of, the holes were plugged with of laced hull planking (Venice Lido II) across the northern Adriatic, sweep- three Mediterranean traditions of laced of the hull were held together only by wooden pegs. Even though the wooden were recovered around the Ospedale al ing debris onto the coast of Venice boatbuilding – discussed here as the means of cordage, which passed through components would once the boat Mare beach in 1997 and 2000, about Lido, the barrier island that sepa- northwestern Adriatic tradition – oc- diagonally-oriented holes, located 1-2 cm was placed in water, sealing the seams, 8-10 km (5-6 mi) away from the frst LIDO ratesI the Venice lagoon from the Adriatic curred in the river systems and along the from the internal edge of the plank to a this type of hull was still prone to leak- assemblage of timbers; no dates have Sea. Among the debris was an unpresum- coast of the northwestern Adriatic Sea trapezoidal cavity along the edge of the age and modern ethnographic reports been published for these remains. It ing assemblage of 10 timbers with holes from the Roman late Republic through external side of the plank. A bundle of indicate that the lacing must be replaced was on the same beach at Ospedale al ITALY drilled into the plank edges, which in this the Imperial period, with defnitive evi- plant material (known as seam wadding) every six months to one year. Mare that the third assemblage of laced region are the tell-tale signs of Roman-era dence between the 2nd century B.C. and was positioned along the internal seams Te 2012 timbers actually represent the timbers (Venice Lido III) was collected laced construction. While laced boat- 6th century A.D. between the strakes, and the cordage third assemblage of laced boat timbers after the November 2012 storm. Te building traditions have been docu- passed over it during the lacing process, discovered on Venice Lido. Te frst timbers were recovered from the beach mented around the world and from many NORTHWESTERN ADRIATIC thus providing sufcient leverage (and assemblage (Venice Lido I) were found at by Marcello Rossani and Dr. Luigi diferent time periods, even to the present LACED BOATBUILDING surface area) to pull the cordage taut. Alberoni beach in 1993. Italian nautical Fozzati of the Ministry of Cultural day, only three traditions are known from TRADITION archaeologist Carlo Beltrame of Cà Heritage and immediately stored at the the Mediterranean region. Each Mediter- Currently, there are 19 known examples A view of Venice from the ferry boat ride to Foscari University of Venice reported warehouses of Captain Andrea Falconi. ranean laced tradition is distinct from the of the northwestern Adriatic laced Venice Lido, an 11-km (7-mi) barrier island in fnding the fragmentary remains of a fat- Only one plank fragment from the third

other two in regard to their construction tradition of ship construction. Te basic Northern Italy. PHOTO: S. WILLIS bottomed hull dated to the 1st or 2nd assemblage of timbers has undergone

10 INA QUARTERLY 41.4 WINTER 2014 WWW.NAUTICALARCH.ORG 11 PUTTING ALL THE PIECES TOGETHER STACI WILLIS AND MASSIMO CAPULLI

solving a giant jigsaw puzzle with only accuracy and completeness, samples have holes at least along one plank edge. a handful of the pieces! Each plank was were taken from each timber for species At this stage in the research, it is not examined and drawn at a 1:1 scale on identifcation, radiocarbon dating, clear whether all the timbers in this as- transparent polyvinyl flm, and all aspects residue analysis, and pollen analysis of semblage came from the same laced boat of construction were noted. In order to the cordage. Willis was aided in this work or from multiple laced vessels. Te ends fully capture the intricacies of the lacing by Laura White, fellow Ph.D. candidate and edges of these planks are broken and system, all four sides of each timber were in the Nautical Archaeology Program at eroded; for this reason, the timbers are recorded – the internal face, external Texas A&M University. Te extensive catalogued as fragments. Te plank sur- face, and both edges. Each timber study of these timbers revealed a complex faces are also highly deteriorated making was also photographed during each picture of levels of preservation and it difcult, and in some cases impossible, individual stage of the documentation construction features. to detect tool marks. Each timber has process (i.e. detailed note-taking, evidence of exposure to a marine envi- sampling, packing for transport, etc.). CONDITION OF THE TIMBERS ronment, as evidenced by the presence Once all documentation (photographs, All timbers in this assemblage are from of teredo worm damage, imprints of scale drawings) was double-checked for the hull planking of a laced vessel as all seashells, and/or embedded marine life.

At this stage in the research, it is not clear whether all the timbers in this assemblage came from the same laced boat or from multiple laced vessels. Te fragmentary timbers range in Tere is a high degree of variability Comacchio laced vessel was discovered preserved length from 0.24-2 m. Only both between and within individual and excavated in the 1980s near the two of these fragments may have their timbers of this assemblage in terms of outskirts of the city of Comacchio, original length preserved, although observed construction features, including deterioration of the plank edges makes the shape, dimensions, and spacing of this difcult to determine. Te timbers the lacing holes and the dimensions AUTHORS range in preserved width from about and spacing of the treenails. Tese 6-36 cm. Four of the timber fragments construction features ofer points of have intact lacing holes along both plank comparison with other vessels of the edges, which indicates that the preserved northwestern Adriatic tradition of width of these fragments is representative boatbuilding. of the original width of the plank. Again, degradation of the plank edges does not THE LACING SYSTEM permit exact measurement of original Most of the timbers in the Venice Lido dimensions. Finally, the timbers range in III assemblage have lacing holes that thickness from about 3-7.5 cm. are oval in shape and measure about 20 STACI WILLIS During the 2014 research season, it was mm in width perpendicular to the plank Ph.D. candidate noted that one of the timbers (Fragment edge. Fragments 1 and 8 are exceptions Nautical Archaeology Program, 5) had sufered distortion during the to this general trend. Te lacing holes Texas A&M University preceding year, likely from being allowed of Fragment 1, while oval in shape, are to dry out. Te warping of this fragment noticeably larger measuring about 25 highlights the importance of expedient mm in width perpendicular to the plank and efcient examination of archaeological edge. In contrast, the lacing holes of materials. Fortunately, this timber was Fragment 8 are similar in width (about measured and photographed in 2013 20 mm) to the other timbers in this during our visit to the storage facility. assemblage, but are distinctly round in shape. Te dimensions of the lacing This page, from left: Willis draws one of the holes are larger than most other vessels Venice Lido III timbers; A channel cut in an of this tradition, being most similar MASSIMO CAPULLI opposing direction on Fragment 8 showing INA Research Associate evidence of ancient repair. Opposite page, to the Comacchio ship, which had University of Udine, Italy

THIS PAGE PHOTOS: M. CUSIN; OPPOSITE PAGE PHOTOS: (LEFT) L. WHITE, (RIGHT) S. WILLIS PHOTOS: M. CUSIN; OPPOSITE PAGE PHOTOS: THIS PAGE from top: Timber fragments 5, 1, and 8. holes about 18 mm in diameter. Te

12 INA QUARTERLY 41.4 WINTER 2014 WWW.NAUTICALARCH.ORG 13 PUTTING ALL THE PIECES TOGETHER STACI WILLIS AND MASSIMO CAPULLI

of the lacing holes is most similar to being another exception in this tradition). SUGGESTED READING the Comacchio wreck, which had holes Both the diferences in frame spacing and spaced 6-8 cm apart. the dimensions and shape of the lacing holes suggest that Fragment 1 came from Beltrame, C. 2000. “Sutiles Naves of Ro- THE FRAMING SYSTEM man Age, New Evidence and Technological a diferent vessel than Fragment 8. Comparison with Pre-Roman Sewn Boats.” While no frames were found in In Down the River to the Sea, edited by association with the Venice Lido III DISTINCTIVE CONSTRUCTION J. Litwin, 91-6. ISBSA VIII, Proceedings timber assemblage, four plank fragments FEATURES of the Eighth International Symposium on have traces of the framing system. In addition to the standard construction Boat and Ship Archaeology, Gdansk 1997. Gdansk: Polish Maritime Museum. Recovered treenails averaged 17 mm in elements of the lacing and frame diameter, which stands in contrast to systems, there were also traces within Berti, F. 1990. Fortuna Maris: La Nave the average width of the lacing holes, this assemblage of a unique construction Romana di Comacchio. Bologna. about 20-25 mm. Tese measurements feature for this boatbuilding tradition. highlight a common trend in this timber Some of the pegs of Fragment 1 exhibit Bonino, M. 1985. “Sewn Boats in Italy; Sutiles Naves and Barche Cucite.” In Sewn assemblage - the robust nature of the the use of chocks, here an angular Plank Boats, edited by S. McGrail and E. lacing system and the relatively small size wedge within the peg. In laced boat Kentley, 87-104. BAR International Series of the frame attachments. construction, pegs are used to seal the 276, Oxford. Two fragments provide evidence for lacing holes once the cordage was in the spacing of framing, which can be place. Chocks are used to tighten the This damaged and incomplete assemblage of laced timbers represents Capulli, M. 2013. “Ships of Aquileia. determined when multiple treenails are join and are most often observed in use Underwater Archaeological Research for a community of builders practicing their craft in a context of increasing the Study of Marine and Inside Routes in preserved along a length of a hull plank/ with treenails. Tis assemblage marks interconnectivity with the various peoples, customs, and technologies the Upper Adriatic Sea.” Skyllis 13.1. strake. Fragment 8 has treenails spaced the frst known instance of chocks being about 57 cm apart. Tis spacing of the used in laced construction. Te chocks of the Mediterranean basin. ------.2014, “Waterlands. The Eco- framing system is comparable to most observed in Fragment 1 may have been historical Landscape of the Stella River.” other vessels of the northwestern Adriatic used to tighten pegs that had loosened the hull. Fragment 1 tapers along its terminal end or rail of the vessel. mortise-and-tenon joinery. Tis tradition Skyllis 14. tradition, with frame spacing about 45-65 with use, or they may have been original width, with distinctive diferences in also coincided with Rome’s imperial Fozzati, L., M. Capulli, and F. Castro. 2012. cm on average. In contrast, the treenails of to the construction if some pegs were not thickness between each edge of the plank ONGOING WORK expansion across the Mediterranean “The Stella 1 Shipwreck, Udine, Italy.” Fragment 1 are spaced about 32 cm apart initially large enough to seal the holes. - approximately 7 cm thick along one Our study of the Venice Lido III world. Tis damaged and incomplete CMAC News & Reports 3:2. suggesting a more closely-spaced framing Furthermore, a few timbers have edge and 4 cm thick along the other. timber assemblage is ongoing. Willis is assemblage of laced timbers represents system than most other northwestern distinctive features that invite Tis intentional tapering of the plank producing fnal construction drawings, a community of builders practicing Adriatic laced vessels (the Stella 1 barge speculation about their position within indicates that it may have been either identifying the fbers from which the their craft in a context of increasing about 100 km (60 mi) south of Venice. a garboard strake or from the turn of cordage was made, and conducting pollen interconnectivity with the various Te Comacchio ship is one of the most the bilge, where this plank would have analysis of the cordage to understand peoples, customs, and technologies of the well-preserved vessels of the northwestern served as a transitional strake between other aspects of construction (location, Mediterranean basin. Adriatic laced tradition, and also the two parts of the vessel with variable season, etc.). In addition, wood samples largest yet discovered at about 21 m (70 thickness. Fragment 5 is a particularly have been sent to various laboratories for ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ft) in length; the associated cargo date odd shape, being long and narrow with a species identifcation, residue analysis, All work was conducted under the auspices the wrecking of the ship to the end of distinct tapering of the end. Tis timber and radiocarbon dating. While a of the Sutiles Project, a collaboration the 1st century B.C. likely represents either a hood end (the reconstruction of the vessel (or vessels) is between the Department of History Te spacing between the lacing holes section of plank that fts into the stem not possible, bit by bit, these timbers are and Preservation of Cultural Heritage within the assemblage of timbers ranges or sternpost) or a repair, either of which ofering up clues about their construction of the University of Udine and the from 4.4-9.5 cm. Te variability of this could have necessitated its peculiar and the nature of the original vessel. Superintendency for the Archaeological spacing both between and within indi- shape. Fragment 4 shows evidence of During the period when this tradition Heritage of Veneto and Friuli Venezia vidual timbers suggests that the builders cutting along the edge without lacing fourished in the northwestern Guilia. Te authors would also like to were marking and/or drilling by eye or holes, suggesting that this plank was a Adriatic, shipbuilding in the rest of thank Mirco Cusin and Fabio Case for using rough measuring tools (such as the Mediterranean was dominated by their contributions. multiple fngerwidths). Te average spac- ing of the lacing holes for each fragment This page: Assessing the laced timbers where they washed ashore on Venice Lido is about 6-7 cm; the lacing holes of Frag- after the 2012 storm. Opposite page: FOLLOW INA ONLINE: Find more information about the Lido III timbers and ment 8 are spaced further apart at about Samples were collected from each timber for other INA projects at http://nauticalarch.org/projects/2014_projects/ species identifcation and pollen analysis. 8 cm between holes. Again, the spacing S. WILLIS PHOTOS:

14 INA QUARTERLY 41.4 WINTER 2014 WWW.NAUTICALARCH.ORG 15 2014 IOPPA MARITIMA PROJECT: THE DEEP-SEA SURVEY An INA team searches for shipwrecks in Israel using multibeam sonar and an ROV

BY SHELLEY WACHSMANN, DOUGLAS INGLIS, MEGAN LICKLITER-MUNDON, VERONICA MORRISS AND HOLLY PERDUE

he 2014 Ioppa Maritima coast in the general vicinity of Jafa at Project was designed to depths of 30-250 m. Ronnie Sade, a add a maritime dimension navigation specialist, supplied us with to current archaeological 22 potential shipwreck targets based Twork being carried out at Tel Jafa, on multibeam (swath) sonar data from Israel. Tis expedition took place both a bathymetric survey he had directed on land and in deep water, a rather for the Geological Survey of Israel; he unusual combination of venues for an looked for changes in the sediment archaeological project. Te land portion caused by man-made objects in areas of the feld season examined a geological devoid of benthic rock features. depression located east of Tel Jafa, Te Ocean King, a 41-ft catamaran, which might have served as an inland served as the team’s base of operations. harbor in antiquity (see INA Quarterly Te vessel and the remotely-operated 41.3: 20-25). vehicle (ROV) employed during the Te deep-water portion of the 2014 project belong to Ishay Nazhan of Ioppa Maritima Project began on 31 Vampyro Marine Exploration. Te August in the presumed ancient shipping ROV was a SeaEye Falcon, rated to 300 lane paralleling Israel’s Mediterranean m (984 ft), with 400 m (1,312 ft) of . So that he could focus vehicle's camera failed. We attached the During the survey we located three interesting discovery during the deep- power. We retrieved it rapidly to avoid on the ROV operation, Ishay enlisted GoPro housing to the underside of the iron-hulled ships. Target 9, which lay water survey was the last of Sade’s targets, entanglement in the wreck. “Captain Mike” Casdi to pilot Ocean onboard camera in order to mirror its tilt. at 79 m (259 ft) appeared both very 22, which turned out to be a large early During three visits we examined the King. First Mate Lior Ohana controlled We downloaded the video each day modern and entirely wrapped in nets 20th-century warship. shipwreck. It has an elliptical stern the cable manually, while graduate and checked for anything we might and fshing lines. Due to the distinct On 7 September, the ROV’s sonar with what is indeed a stern gun, and students assisted in all ROV operations have missed in real time. Te GoPro danger of entanglement of the ROV picked up what appeared to be a large, what is possibly a single, asymmetrical except piloting the craft. outperformed the ROV’s onboard we abandoned it without examination. 50- to 80-m (164-262 ft) long, iron anti-aircraft gun emplacement on its Te ROV’s onboard camera displays camera on the sea foor or when looking Target 5, located at 98 m, turned out vessel sitting upright on the seafoor at a starboard quarter. Ghostly lifeboat DEIR AL WEST real-time, recordable footage with at nearby objects; however, it did have its to be—of all things—a lifeboat from a depth of 188 m (617 ft). Once in range, davits faced outboard, indicating that BALAH BANK information about depth, heading and limitations. Te GoPro footage was poor Russian cargo ship. Already on our frst the ROV's video feed revealed a marine at least some of the light craft had been GAZA STRIP other positioning data. For this project, at greater depths, due to the attenuation pass over the vessel we could read the growth-covered iron hull. As the ROV deployed prior to sinking. We also ISRAEL however, we added a GoPro Hero 3+ of light, and when flming distant objects name of the mother ship—the Tolya rose to the ship’s deck level we briefy noted a centrally-positioned bridge and camera with a 4.5-hour battery pack and beyond the reach of the ROV’s lights. Komar. Te lifeboat presumably sank glimpsed what appeared to be a stern- superstructure, a collapsed funnel and a placed it in an aluminum deep-water sometime between 1971, when the Tolya mounted gun—or was it a fallen spar?— large forward-mounted turret missing its housing. Tis supplied a high-defnition Ohana and Morriss "work the cable" as Ishay Komar was built, and 1997 when it was before the ROV suddenly went dead cannon emplacement. Te vessel’s bow

back-up recording in the event that the guides the ROV just prior to a dive. D. INGLIS PHOTO: rechristened. Undoubtedly, our most in the water, losing both telemetry and had been ripped open.

16 INA QUARTERLY 41.4 WINTER 2014 WWW.NAUTICALARCH.ORG 17 THE 2014 IOPPA MARITIMA PROJECT: DEEP-SEA SURVEY SHELLEY WACHSMANN, DOUGLAS INGLIS, MEGAN LICKLITER-MUNDON, VERONICA MORRISS AND HOLLY PERDUE

Although the ship sits upright on the November the UC-38 penetrated the on 28 June 1942. A year later—on 16 Yosef Sprinzak, and “bomb chucker” seabed, the loss of the forward gun naval defensive perimeter and sank two June 1943—U-97 went to the bottom Matti Sukenik, the brother of Yigael mount suggests that the ship capsized British warships: HM Staunch and HM of Haifa, destroyed by Australian depth Yadin, a prominent Israeli archaeologist. or rolled during the sinking process, M15 Monitor. Some reports had the charges. Te next step will be to return Te Argus Fairchild has become part allowing the attachment of the gun, ship sinking near Deir el Balah, which to the vessel to generate a multibeam of the local lore: fshermen speak of a which would have been gravity-mounted is located south of Gaza, but reports in cloud-point image of the ship in its cur- fshing spot known as “Te Airplane,” in the turret to fall out, and then righted war can be confused. With guidance rent state. and recall how a net snagged a two- herself before reaching the seabed. We from Matt Skelhorn from the British Another goal of the deep-water survey seater plane. suspect that the cannon emplacement Ministry of Defense’s Salvage & Marine was to locate an airplane lost during Meir Baram has been on the trail of lies just forward of the ship’s bow: the Operations and Serena Cant, an Historic Israel’s War of Independence. On 4 June the Fairchild Argus and its two lost ROV’s sonar picked up a large object Environment Intelligence Analyst for 1948, three Egyptian naval ships sailed crew members for several decades. here, but we were unable to examine it. English Heritage, we acquired copies of towards Tel Aviv. At that time, Israel’s Although Wachsmann realized that the Until recently, our working hypothesis, both the logbook of the UC-38, as well nascent navy was ill-prepared to stand up likelihood of fnding the airplane was frst suggested by Douglas Inglis, was as the British Court Martial Report to to the Egyptian naval assault. Eilat A-16, minimal at best, he invited Baram to that this vessel is HM M15 Monitor, verify the location of the ship's sinking. a ship that had been used previously to participate in the survey as several of torpedoed and sunk by the German Both confrm that HM M15 Monitor bring Jewish refugees from Europe, was Sade’s targets lay inside the area where, submarine UC-38 on 11 November sank of Deir el Balah, making it on patrol near Tel Aviv when the trio based on his research, Baram believes 1917. Twenty-six of her 69-man crew impossible for it to be our shipwreck. of Egyptian ships appeared. Hopelessly that the Argus Fairchild crashed. Sadly, perished with the ship. We continue to search for the identity outgunned and outnumbered, Eilat none of the examined targets proved to HM M15 Monitor was one of two of this shipwreck. Te British Ministry A-16 called for air support. Two Israeli be the aircraft. ships lost following the Tird Battle of Defense has records for only two ves- “bombers” soon arrived: a Beechcraft During our 15 days at sea we of Gaza during the Southern Palestine sels in the general region: two merchant Bonanza and a Fairchild Argus. completed 19 ROV dives on 14 targets. Ofensive of World War I. Te Royal vessels, SS Zealand and SS Memmas, Losing the element of surprise, the Today, work on the identifcation of the Navy had been relentlessly bombarding which were torpedoed during World Egyptian ships aborted their mission. Te mysterious warship continues. the Ottoman troops entrenched at War II by the German submarine U-97 Fairchild attacked the retreating Egyptian Gaza. On 2 November 1917, the British ship, but was shot down. Although Eilat ACKNOWLEDGMENTS under General Edmund Allenby A-16 subsequently searched for survivors, Te authors would like to thank the broke through the Ottoman defenses Clockwise from top: Lickliter-Mundon and Ohana the airplane’s crew was never found. Te MacDonald Center for the Arts & attach the GoPro to the ROV prior to a dive, while forcing the Yıldırım Army Group to Perdue watches from the water; A deck-height airplane is the war grave of the pilot, Humanities for its generous support of the withdraw northwards. By the second view of the warship; Starboard stern quarter gun David Sprinzak, the son of noted Zionist Ioppa Maritima Project. week of November, Allenby’s rapidly emplacement; Members of the deep-water part of advancing army had moved well beyond the 2014 Ioppa Maritima Project, from left: Megan Lickliter-Mundon, Shelley Wachsmann, Douglas the range of naval support. On 11 Inglis, Ishay Nazhan, Holly Perdue, and Lior Ohana. FOLLOW INA ONLINE: Check out the Ioppa Maritima project blog for Not pictured: Ronnie Sade, "Captain Mike" Casdi, updates and additional photos, or take a look at other INA project Hila Casdi, and Meir Baram; Tolya Komar's lifeboat. blogs: http://nauticalarch.org/blogs

AUTHORS

SHELLEY WACHSMANN DOUGLAS INGLIS MEGAN LICKLITER-MUNDON VERONICA MORRISS HOLLY PERDUE Meadows Professor of M.A. Graduate Ph.D. Student M.A. Graduate Ph.D. Student Biblical Archaeology, Nautical Archaeology Program, Nautical Archaeology Program, Nautical Archaeology Program, Nautical Archaeology Program, Texas A&M University Texas A&M University Texas A&M University Texas A&M University Texas A&M University PHOTOS: (TOP) D. INGLIS; (BOTTOM) L. SHARON L. SHARON D. INGLIS; (BOTTOM) (TOP) PHOTOS:

18 INA QUARTERLY 41.4 WINTER 2014 WWW.NAUTICALARCH.ORG 19

REVIEW TRIBUTE SHIPWRECKS OF THE BALTIC WILLIAM KLEIN, M.D. (1939-2014) By Björn Hagberg, Jonas Dahm, and Carl Douglas We bid farewell to a longtime INA Associate Director and friend

William "Bill" Klein, a native of Wisconsin, was an Associate Director and supporter of INA for the past two decades. After earning his PRISMA, 2007 In the conclusion, the authors address the al. do an excellent job of reminding us that Bachelor's and M.D. degrees at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Bill interned in Los Angeles and entered a radiology residence at Yale ISBN 978-9-15185-269-0 documentation of shipwrecks, and how shipwrecks may be exciting, but they are University, before spending two years in the U.S. Air and two years on the faculty of the Medical College of Wisconsin. Bill has served REVIEWED BY CAROLYN KENNEDY improvements in technology including so- also solemn grave sites. as Chief of Radiology at University Community Hospital since joining the Tampa-based radiology group Sheer, Ahearn and Associates in nar and mapping equipment and technical While the textual content is captivating 1973. Bill passed away at age 74 on November 9, 2014, and is survived by his wife Ginny, two children, and fve grandchildren. Te tone of this book is set on the very diving have allowed for extensive research and easy to read, the descriptive full-color frst page. Shipwrecks of the Baltic includes in the Baltic. images are truly spectacular. Te Baltic Sea I frst met Bill Klein in 1996 on an INA of INA. After sufering a heart attack, amazingly intelligent and interested in a plethora of stories and tales from the Tough Sweden’s position in the world is known for its preservative qualities, so cruise down the Turkish coast. One Bill wisely decide that he should not be all the wonders of the world. Medi- 18th to 20th centuries. Flipping through wars was ofcially neutral, its geographic these high-quality images are both ghostly evening he and his wife Ginny asked diving with us, but he sat thereafter on cal science, astronomy, , the pages, one might assume it includes position between Germany and Russia and personal. On the other hand, occasion- Don Frey, then INA president, and me the INA board. cosmology, ancient history, archaeology, detailed archaeological data to accompany made it a target. Each chapter begins with ally the images do not integrate well into to have dinner with them. During the I always looked forward to spending economics are just a few of his varied the sonar images and underwater a short history of a specifc year in one of the stories. Most of the images appear to conversation, Bill expressed his inter- time with Bill and Ginny not only at interests. Whether driving, exercising or photographs. Tis is a false assumption, as the two wars, followed with stories of the show the spectacular preservation, rather est in INA and said he would like to be board meetings but on my visits to their simply relaxing he was never without an the pages are flled with mostly personal wrecks caused by the warring nations. Te than illustrate the content, therefore creat- more involved. Because he was not only home in Tampa. I shall miss our always educational CD or tape. stories of historical events. narratives are very descriptive and personal, ing some interruption in the fow of the a physician but, as we soon learned, a interesting conversations, his sympathetic On a cruise along the Turkish coast we Whereas titles containing ‘shipwreck’ and bring to life the emotions of the indi- text. truly superb photographer, we invited ear, and never fagging fondness for INA. were fortunate to meet George Bass and tend to describe specifc ships or viduals involved in each story. By no means One shortcoming with this book is the him on a current shipwreck project. - GEORGE F. BASS, INA FOUNDER Don Frey. Tus began a lasting friend- archaeological sites in detail, Hagberg et are these stories all-encompassing, but they lack of in-text citations; a number of direct Shortly thereafter Bill and Ginny hosted ship and our involvement with INA. We al. take a diferent approach. Tey include capture the reader and bring real meaning quotes are not cited in the ‘further read- a fund-raising party for Don and me Bill was an awesome man and a million have been thrilled to meet the INA fam- heartbreaking tales of love lost to sea, to the photographs of the dark, foreboding ing’ section in the back. Tis is acceptable, at their Florida home in Odessa, near words would not be enough to do him ily and attend the annual meetings. heroic stories of great naval success, and wrecks in the following pages. Hagberg et however, for a non-scholarly book that Tampa, where we met future supporters justice. He was kind, loving, generous, - GINNY KLEIN even stories of seal pups trained to detect is essentially a collection of interesting, submarines. "Every shipwreck has a well-illustrated stories. Minor grammati- In the world of nautical archaeol- cal errors, possibly due to translation, are On a cruise along the Turkish coast we were fortunate to meet George Bass and ogy, shipwrecks are too often reduced to name, although we do present, hardly detract from the stunning Don Frey. Thus began a lasting friendship and our involvement with INA. information about shipbuilding and trade not always know what it descriptive passages. routes, and the stories of the passengers Overall, this is a beautiful collection of on board are lost. For many, archaeology is... If no one tells their images and stories that pays tribute to those is a subdiscipline of anthropology because story, they will remain who lost their lives during the two world its goal is to tell the story of people of the forgotten." wars in the Baltic, and serves as a poignant past. It may seem that the lack of archaeo- reminder to nautical archaeologists that logical discussion is a downfall, but that shipwrecks are more than just the sum of was clearly never the intent of the book. their timbers. Shipwrecks of the Baltic is an Instead, the authors tell the story of experi- excellent read with stunning images to keep ences of being shipwrecked in the frigid the reader stimulated throughout. waters of the Baltic Sea. Hagberg et al. introduce Shipwrecks with a quick discussion of early diving, from Carolyn Kennedy is a Ph.D. student in the dive bell to ’s inven- the Nautical Archaeology Program at Texas tion of SCUBA, and follow up with a A&M University, working in the New World brief description of the Baltic Sea’s unique Laboratory under the direction of Dr. Kevin cold, dark, and low- properties. Crisman. Her dissertation focuses on four Tey launch into what becomes the main 19th-century Lake Champlain steamboats scuttled in Shelburne, VT. From Left: George Bass, Bill Klein, content of the book: the two world wars. Fred Campbell, Ginny Klein.

20 INA QUARTERLY 41.4 WINTER 2014 WWW.NAUTICALARCH.ORG 21 Mr. Paul A. Levitsky Osaka Maritime Museum Sterling C. Evans Library at TAMU Mr. Kenneth Leyton-Brown Ms. Emel Özkan Mr. Ricardo Stulgis Mr. Xin Li Palmarina of Yalıkavak, Turkey Mr. Jason Sturgis Mr. Daryl Libow Mr. Greg E. Paprocki Ms. Irene Szeliga DONORS, SUPPORTERS, AND SPONSORS Dr. David Lightfoot Partner University Fund Mr. William B. Tabler, Jr. Dr. Matthew Partrick INA thanks all those who supported our archaeological work in 2014 Macdonald Center for the Arts & Texas A&M University Humanities Mr. Michael Paschetag (TAMU) Mr. William MacMichael Mr. Ed Pecjak Texas A&M University Foundation Mr. Daniel E. Mader Texas A&M University Press Mrs. Carole F. Alexander Ms. Grace Darden Dr. Steve Harris Lt. Col. Martin A. Perryman Dr. Roxani E. Margariti Texas Historial Foundation Mr. Cristobal Alvarez Mrs. Lucy Darden Hartley Library Mr. Merton Pritchett, Jr. Mr. Ben Marich Dr. Frank W. Putnam Mr. David C. Tompson American School of Classical Studies Mrs. Barbara Dauphin-Duthuit Mr. Robin P. Hartmann Lt. Col. Steven R. Markman Mr. Terry Ray Tobago House of Assembly American Research Institute in Turkey Mr. John De Lapa Mr. Nathan Helfman Ms. Ipek Martinez Dr. Elizabeth S. Richardson Dr. Douglas Tolbert Mr. David Anderson Mr. and Mrs. Everett E. Deschner Dr. Faith Hentschel Dr. Greg Maslow Dr. Warren Riess Archaeological Institute of America Dr. Count Carl Douglas Dr. Ellen Herscher Mary Auspland Tooze Fund Ms. Sheila Matthews Dr. Peter Rindlisbacher John and Eleanor Baird Trust Mr. Donald C. Dressel Herzstein Charitable Foundation Tozzer Library at Harvard University Mr. James D. McCarthy Mr. Steven Rine Mr. Joseph Bates Dr. Bob Droleskey Mr. Rodney Hilton Brown Dr. Kristine Trego Mr. Brendan McDermott Dr. Dominique Rissolo Mr. Kurt F. Baty Ms. Ann A. Duwe Foundation Dr. Kenneth Trethewey Mrs. Margaret McDermott Mr. Daniel S. Robison Mr. and Mrs. Frank Beaz Ms. Kelsey Dwyer Mr. Takahiko Inoue Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in First Nation Mr. Dana McGinnis Rosenberg Charitable Foundation Mr. Gary Bingham Mrs. Jean K. Eckert Institute for Aegean Prehistory Turkish Institute of Nautical Dana and Myriam McGinnis Mr. David Ruf Archaeology (TINA) Mr. Gary S. Blair Ed Rachal Foundation Istanbul Archaeological Museums Charitable Fund Mr. George Runkle Mr. Ben B. Turner, Jr. LTC David L. Blose Dr. Cynthia J. Eiseman Iulius-Liviu Rusu Ms. Laurie McLaren Mrs. Marian H. Sagan Université de Montréal Bodrum Museum of Underwater Mr. Peter L. Engel Jamaica National Heritage Trust Archaeology Melbern G. Glasscock Center Dr. Lynn Samuel University Ca' Foscari Dr. William F. Farr Ms. Isabel Johnson for Humanities Research Bodrum Özel Hospital San Antonio Area Foundation University of Cincinnati Mrs. Danielle Feeney Mr. Robert Johnston Mr. Neil Menard Mrs. Elizabeth S. Boeckman San Francisco Maritime Library University of Haifa Library Mr. John R. Fix Dr. Paul F. Johnston Mr. Shane Merz Collections & Research Center Mr. and Mrs. Edward O. Boshell Ms. Christina van Doorninck Mr. P. Erik Flynn Dr. Stacey Jones Ms. Catarina P. Meyer Mr. Allan M. Saunders Mr. Christopher Brink Mr. Ronald Vandehey Mr. Dean Fortune Mr. David C. Jones Mr. Michael A. Michaud Dr. Daniel Schowalter Mr. John Broderick Mr. Bernard S. Victorino Dr. and Mrs. Bud Frazier Mr. Toby N. Jones Mr. Mitch Michelson Dr. Robert L. Schuyler Dr. Bridget Buxton Mr. Edward Von der Porten Ms. Cathy Friday Mrs. Joan P. Kahn Ambassador Lucita Moeniralam Mr. H. Rodney Scott Mr. Tomas H. Caldwell Ms. C. Elizabeth Wagner Dr. Peter H. Fries Mrs. Susan Katzev Mr. Tomas A. Mueller Mr. Tomas H. Sebring Dr. Allan C. Campbell Mr. David Friestad Kemper Educational and Mr. Alex G. Nason Dr. Robert Seibert Mr. Hans W. Wanders Canadian River Maritime Museum Mr. Scott Ian Fulmer Charitable Fund National Endowment for the Humanities Mrs. Lynn Baird Shaw Mr. David Warther, II Center for Maritime Archaeology and Conservation (CMAC) Dr. Chrysanthi Gallou Mr. Stephen C. Kinnaman National Geographic Society Mr. Barry Shull Dr. Erika Washburn Mr. James B. Chaney Ms. Jinky Gardner Dr. James Kirklin Nautical Archaeology Program (NAP) Mr. Gerard Simon Mr. Garry A. Weber Mr. Peter B. Clark Mr. Martin Garvie Mr. James E. Kjorlien Nauticos Mr. George Paul Sloup Ambassador Beatrice Welters College of Liberal Arts at TAMU Mr. Ben Gilbert Dr. William C. Klein Ms. Sandra Newton Mr. Michael Smith Dr. Roger A. Williamson Department of Anthropology at TAMU Ms. Caroline Golt Dr. Peter I. Kuniholm Dr. Ernestine O'Connell Fund St. Mary's College Richard and Mollie Williford Fund Cornell University Library Ms. Christy Green Kushimoto Municipality Mr. Peter M. Olofson Mr. David Stefy Mr. Patrick S. Wilson Corning Museum of Glass Gulf Coast Air Mr. Louis J. Lamm, Jr. Ms. Valerie Olson Mr. Loren Stefy Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wood Dr. William C. Culp Mr. Steven F. Hanson Mrs. Francine LeFrak-Friedberg Mr. John Oppermann Ms. Muriel Stefy Lipp Ms. Sally Yamini Darden Discovery Fund Mr. Gary Harmon Dr. Margaret E. Leshikar-Denton Ms. Cynthia Orr Mr. Robert Stenuit Government of the Yukon

22 INA QUARTERLY 41.4 WINTER 2014 WWW.NAUTICALARCH.ORG 23 MARITIME STUDIES IN THE WA K E OF THE BYZANTINE SHIPWRECK AT YA S S IADA, TURKEY

EDITED BY Deborah N. Carlson, Justin Leidwanger, AND Sarah M. Kampbell

Foreword by George F. Bass

MARITIME STUDIES IN THE WAKE OF THE BYZANTINE SHIPWRECK AT YASSIADA, TURKEY Edited by Deborah N. Carlson, Justin Leidwanger, and Sarah M. Kampbell Foreword by George F. Bass Seventeen papers delivered at a 2007 symposium and featured in this book broadly illustrate varied topics such as ships and seafaring life, maritime trade, naval texts, commercial cargoes, and recent developments in the analysis of the Yassıada ship itself. 8 1/2x11. 256 pp. 32 b&w photos. 12 maps. 26 line art. 22 graphs. Bib. Index. $75.00 hardcover

DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY SHIPBUILDING The Archaeological Study of Batavia and Other Seventeenth-Century VOC Ships Wendy van Duivenvoorde | Foreword by Jeremy Green Wendy van Duivenvoorde presents a fve-year study of Batavia, the only hull of an early 17th-century Indiaman to have been excavated and conserved. Her detailed examination is based on data retrieved from the archaeological remains and interpreted in the light of archives, ship journals, and Dutch texts on the shipbuilding of this period. 8 1/2x11. 356 pp. 125 b&w photos. Map. 85 line art. Bib. Index. $90.00 hardcover

WWW.NAUTICALARCH.ORG 24