SQF Cannabis Definitions Guide 1 Definit Ions Cannabis

Definit ions Cannabis

Acidic Form Natural cannabinoid form from within the trichom es of raw cannabis flowers that have a carboxyl ring or group (COOH) attached to their chain.

Alcohol Ext ract ion Process by which the cannabis plant is stripped of essential oils and trichom es using ethyl or isopropyl alcohol. Once the extra plant m aterial is filtered out and the rem aining alcohol is evaporated, sticky hash oil rem ains.

Broad Spect rum Unrefined extract from the hem p plant that has not been refined to contain Hem p Oil/Ext ract only specific cannabinoids and plant parts, but one or m ore constituents (e.g. THC) has been rem oved.

But ane Hash Oil Process by which cannabis flowers are treated with butane creating an Ext ract ion am ber resin known as wax or shatter. This process allows tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to becom e soluble.

Cannabinoid Any of a group of closely related com pounds which include cannabinol and the active constituents of cannabis. C21 or C22 (for the carboxylated form s) terpenophenolic com pounds, their carboxylic acids, analogs and transform ation products that act on cannabinoid receptors within the endocannabinoid system of anim als. Cannabinoids exist in three prim ary form s, distinguished by their sources: (a) phytocannabinoids, (b) endocannabinoids, and (c) synthetically produced cannabinoids

SQF Cannabis Definitions Guide 1 Definit ions Cannabis

Cannabinoid Profile The com bined am ount of each cannabinoid that m ake up the plant or product.

Cannabis Cannabis is a plant genus that produces three species of flowering plants:

- Cannabis sativa L. a subspecies of Cannabis, is known as Hem p (see definition). Varieties have a THC content of less than 0.3%. Hem p is a non- psychoactive form of cannabis. Cannabis sativa L. is generally tall and random ly branched, high in fibre and grain. It is low in THC. Many fibre and grain products and industrial uses have been m ade from Cannabis sativa L. (hem p)

- Cannabis indica has poor fibre quality and is used to m ake drugs for recreation and m edicine. The plant is relatively short, conical and densely branched. Cannabis indica tend to have a higher ? 9- THC and a lower Cannabidiol (CBD) content than C. sativa L. Marijuana (see definition), dependent on the strain, can have THC concentrations of 18% to 38%.

- Cannabis Ruderalis a low- THC cannabis variety that is prim arily selected by breeders for its CBD- rich genetics. Unlike Cannabis sativa L. and indica, which use light cycles to flower, ruderalis is an ?autoflowering? variety, m eaning it flowers with age. Originating in Russia, ruderalis is a hardy plant that can survive harsh clim ates.

CBC Cannabichrom ene, CBC is a powerful, non- psychoactive cannabinoid, has the sam e origins as both THC and CBD do in that they all stem from Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA). Cannabis plants produce CBGA, the precursor to three m ajor cannabinoids: tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), and cannabichrom enic acid (CBCA).

SQF Cannabis Definitions Guide 2 Definit ions Cannabis

CBD Cannabidiol, CBD is the abbreviation for cannabidiol, one of the cannabinoids found in cannabis plants. CBD does not cause psychoactive effects (the ?high?) associated with THC. CBD is an antagonist to THC and is non- psychoactive as it blocks the form ation of 11- OH- THC and m itigates the psychoactive effects of THC. CBD has becom e popular for its therapeutic effects.

CBDA Cannabidiolic Acid is an active ingredient in cannabis derived from the hem p plant and m olecular precursor to CBD.

CBG Cannabigerol is a non- psychoactive cannabinoid that plays an im portant role in the biochem istry of the cannabis plant. CBG acts as a chem ical precursor to other cannabinoids such as THC and CBD.

CBGA Cannabigerolic Acid is, the precursor to three m ajor cannabinoids: tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), and cannabichrom enic acid (CBCA).

CBN Cannabinol, com es from the Cannabis sativa plant and serves as an indication of THC content and THC degradation.

CFIA Canadian Food Inspection Agency is a regulatory agency that is dedicated to the safeguarding of food, anim als, and plants, which enhance the health and well- being of Canada's people, environm ent and econom y. Working under Health Canada is it responsible for ensuring com pliance to the Safe Food for Canadians Regulation.

SQF Cannabis Definitions Guide 3 Definit ions Cannabis

Concent rat e (or Refers to any m aterial created by refining cannabis flowers or by synthesizing Ext ract ) phytocannabinoids. The substance is obtained by separating naturally occurring chem ical constituents of Cannabis, such as cannabinoids, from insoluble Cannabis plant m aterial by m echanical, chem ical, or other processes. Concentrates or extracts have m uch higher cannabinoid concentration. Som etim e referred to as Cannabis Extracts. They m ay:

I. Contain solvents in allowable am ounts and Ingredients used to prom ote a desired physical state, texture, or flavor in the Cannabis Concentrate, but no other Ingredients; and

II. Be intended for use in the production of Cannabis- Infused Products; or

III. Be a finished product intended for hum an consum ption or use.

Crude Hem p Is an unrefined extract that contains all com pounds found naturally occurring Oil/Ext ract in the Cannabis plant, including terpenes, essential oils and other cannabinoids from the hem p plant that has not been refined to contain only specific cannabinoids and plant parts. Also known as Full Spectrum Hem p Oil/Extract

DEA The Drug Enforcem ent Adm inistration is a United States federal law enforcem ent agency under the United States Departm ent of Justice, tasked with com bating drug trafficking and distribution within the United States. The DEA is the lead agency for dom estic enforcem ent of the Controlled Substances Act.

Decarboxy lat ion The process by which, when exposed to heat, the carboxyl ring or group (COOH) is rem oved. During decarboxylation, Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) is converted to THC and Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) is converted to CBD (Cannabidiol).

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Dosage/Dosing Individualized am ount of cannabinoids within a product. Dosing depends on titration, which is the process of increasing m edication am ounts until the desired effect is achieved.

Dronabinol (Marinol A synthetic THC pharm aceutical approved in the U.S. for the reduction of and Sy ndros) nausea and vom iting in cancer chem otherapy and increased appetite in HIV- wasting disease.

Dry Biom ass Dried whole of m illed plant m aterial of cultivars of Cannabis spp.

DSHEA The Dietary Supplem ent Health and Education Act of 1994, is a 1994 statute of United States Federal legislation which defines and regulates dietary supplem ents. Under the act, supplem ents are effectively regulated by the FDA for Good Manufacturing Practices under 21 CFR Part 111.

Edibles (also see Edibles are m edicated edible goods that have been infused with cannabis Ingestible extracts. They are com m only baked goods such as cookies and brownies, but Cannabis- Infused options as varied as flavored coffee drinks, breads, and candies exist as well. Product) Dispensaries also often sell m arijuana- infused butters or oils for patients or consum ers to m ake their own edibles. Consum ing edibles m eans the active com ponents from the extracts require longer to take effect as they need to be absorbed through the digestive system .

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Endocannabinoid Is a biological system com posed of a group of receptors that m ake up a very Sy st em (ECS) com plex regulatory system throughout the hum an brain, body, and central and peripheral nervous system s. The m ain function of the ECS is to m aintain the body?s internal stability (hom eostasis) by adjusting the flow of neurotransm itters and regulating bodily functions, including appetite, sleep, em otion, and m ovem ent.

Endocannabinoids Are endogenous (m ade within the body) lipid- based retrograde neurotransm itters that bind to cannabinoid receptors, and cannabinoid receptor proteins that are expressed throughout the vertebrate central nervous system (including the brain) and peripheral nervous system .

Epidiolex A cannabidiol drug, approved by the Food and Drug Adm inistration in 2018 for treatm ent of epilepsy associated with Lennox?Gastaut syndrom e or Dravet syndrom e in patients 2 years of age and older.

Ext ract ion The different processes by which cannabinoids within the plant can be extracted for use. These processes include alcohol extraction, butane hash oil extraction, etc.

FDA The Food and Drug Adm inistration (or also USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Departm ent of Health and Hum an Services, one of the United States federal executive departm ents. The FDA is responsible for protecting and prom oting public health through the control and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplem ents, prescription and over- the- counter pharm aceutical drugs (m edications), vaccines, biopharm aceuticals, blood transfusions, m edical devices, electrom agnetic radiation em itting devices (ERED), cosm etics, anim al foods & feed and veterinary products.

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Fem inized Fem inized plants com e from seeds that have been selectively bred to produce only fem ale plants. Since fem ale plants are the ones that produce flowers (which is where m ost of cannabis? cannabinoids are found), they are the only ones that are used to create cannabinoid containing products.

Flow er Known as the hairy or sticky parts of the plant which are harvested for consum ption in various products, also known as the reproductive organs of the plant.

Healt h Canada The departm ent of the governm ent of Canada that is responsible for national public health. The departm ent is also responsible for num erous federal health- related agencies, such as the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and the Public Health Agency of Canada, am ong others. These organizations help to ensure com pliance with federal law in a variety of healthcare, agricultural and pharm aceutical activities. They also collaborate and partner extensively with num erous other federal and provincial departm ents and agencies in order to ensure the safety of food, health products, and pharm aceutical drugs, as well as regulate facilities involved in health research and pharm aceutical drug m anufacturing and testing.

Hem p The plant of the genus Cannabis or any part of the plant, whether growing or not, with a delta- 9- tetrahydrocannabinol concentration that does not exceed 0.3% on a dry weight basis of any part of the plant of the genus Cannabis. Hem p is a fibrous product that can be produced from the m ale cannabis plant and can be used for extraction of CBD and in the m anufacture of rope, paper, beauty products, and a vast array of other products.

Hem p CBD Isolat e Is the purest form of CBD, which is produced by rem oving all other com pounds found in the plant including terpenes, flavonoids, plant parts, and other cannabinoids.

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Hom ogeneit y Refers to how evenly distributed the cannabis extract is through a product. For exam ple, if 10% of the infused portion of the cannabis product contains less than 20% of the total THC contained in the product, it is hom ogenous. Hom ogeneity allows users assurance that they are consum ing a consistently prepared edible.

Inebriat e Make (som eone) intoxicated / stupefied or excited by a chem ical substance

Ingest ible a product that contains Cannabis and at least one other Ingredient, is Cannabis- Infused intended for consum ption or use other than by sm oking or vaporizing, is Product intended to be taken into the body, and is one of the following subcategories:

I. An Edible Cannabis- Infused Product, or ?Edible,? which is an Ingestible Cannabis Infused Product that is intended to be taken by m outh, swallowed, and prim arily absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Edible cannabis- infused products m ay be Psychoactive when used as intended. Without lim itation, Edible Cannabis- Infused Products m ay be in the form of a food, beverage, capsule, or tablet; or

II. A Transm ucosal Cannabis- Infused Product, or ?Transm ucosal,? which is an Ingestible Cannabis- Infused Product that is intended to be placed in a body cavity and absorbed through the m ucosal lining of the cavity and m ay be Psychoactive when used as intended. Transm ucosal Cannabis Infused Products include, but are not lim ited to, cannabis- infused tinctures, anal suppositories, lozenges, and nasal sprays.

SQF Cannabis Definitions Guide 8 Definit ions Cannabis

Licensee Any Person licensed, registered, or otherwise authorized by a regulatory authority (e.g. Health Canada, U.S. state regulators) to engage in com m ercial Cannabis cultivation, processing, extraction, m anufacturing, packaging, labeling, testing, transportation, distribution, wholesale, delivery, or retail sale, or any allowable com bination of these activities.

Marijuana A slang term for the dried flowers, leaves, stem s, and seeds of the cannabis plant. Marijuana is the general term for fem ale cannabis plants or their dried flowers. Fem ales are distinct from m ale plants in that they are the ones that produce flowers which contain the high percentage of cannabinoids that hold both their m edicinal and psychoactive properties.

Medical Use of The acquisition, cultivation, possession, processing (including developm ent of Cannabis related products such as food, tinctures, aerosols, oils, or ointm ents), transfer, transportation, sale, distribution, dispensing, or adm inistration of cannabis for the benefit of qualifying patients in the treatm ent of debilitating m edical conditions or the sym ptom s thereof.

Nabilone (Cesam et ) A synthetic THC pharm aceutical approved in the U.S. for the treatm ent of the nausea and vom iting associated with cancer chem otherapy.

SQF Cannabis Definitions Guide 9 Definit ions Cannabis

Non- Ingest ible A product that contains Cannabis and at least one other Ingredient, is Cannabis- Infused intended for consum ption or use other than by sm oking or vaporizing, is Product intended for external use only, and is one of the following:

I. A Topical Cannabis- Infused Product, or ?Topical,? which is a Non- Ingestible Cannabis- Infused Product that is not Psychoactive when used as intended. Topical Cannabis- Infused Products include but are not lim ited to Cannabis- infused cream s, salves, bath soaks, and lotions; or

II. A Transderm al Cannabis- Infused Product, or ?Transderm al,? which is a Non- Ingestible Cannabis- Infused Product that contains at least one skin- perm eation- enhancing Ingredient to facilitate absorption through the skin into the bloodstream and m ay be Psychoactive when used as intended. Transderm al Cannabis- Infused Products include but are not lim ited to Cannabis infused adhesive patches that are applied to the skin surface.

Pharm acokinet ic/ The absorption, distribution, m etabolism , and excretion of a drug and the Pharm acody nam ics effect the drug has on the body.

Phenolics Relating to or having the characteristics of a phenol. Phenolics are broadly distributed in the plant kingdom and are the m ost abundant secondary m etabolites of plants.

Phy t ocannabinoids or exogenous cannabinoids, are plant- derived cannabinoids produced by glandular trichom es covering the surface of the cannabis plant.

SQF Cannabis Definitions Guide 10 Definit ions Cannabis

Psy choact iv e A term that is applied to chem ical substances that change a person's m ental state by affecting the way the brain and nervous system work. This can lead to intoxication, which is often the m ain reason people choose to take psychoactive drugs. The changes in brain function experienced by people who use psychoactive substances affect their perceptions, m oods, and/or consciousness.

Refined Hem p A refined extract from the hem p plant that has been refined to contain only Oil/Ext ract specific cannabinoids.

Sy nt het ic Man- m ade cannabinoid m olecules that are m ade to bind to cannabinoid Cannabinoids receptors in the body.

Terpenes Fragrant oils secreted from the resin glands of flowers that provide arom atic diversity. They are not just found in the cannabis plant, but other plants as well (hops). Terpenes m ay bind to different receptors in the brain to give different effects.

Trichom es Sm all hair or other outgrowth from the epiderm is of a plant, typically unicellular and glandular responsible for producing cannabinoid com pounds.

SQF Cannabis Definitions Guide 11 Definit ions Cannabis

THC An abbreviation for tetrahydrocannabinol. It is the m ost well- known and m ost abundantly available cannabinoid in m arijuana plants. THC is also the com ponent in m arijuana that is responsible for the psychoactive effects, or the ?high.? Also known as delta- 9- tetracannabinol, it was first isolated in 1964 and is thought to serve as a natural defense for the plant against pests. Research has shown THC to be an effective m edical treatm ent for a range of conditions. There is no known lethal dose of the com pound in its natural form .

THCA Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid and m olecular precursor to THC.

THCV Tetrahydrocannabivarin, is a com pound in cannabis that offers a unique array of effects and m edical benefits that sets it apart from other cannabinoids like THC and CBD.

THCVA Tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA) is a non- psychoactive cannabinoid and m olecular precursor to THCV.

Tinct ure A liquid form of cannabis that is m ade from glycerin or alcohol. Tinctures are usually distributed in an eyedropper under the tongue to provide fast absorption to the body, leading to quicker effects than edibles and inhalation.

Trim All parts of the cannabis/hem p lam p not inclusive of the flower.

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USDA The United States Departm ent of Agriculture (USDA), also known as the Agriculture Departm ent, is the U.S. federal executive departm ent responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farm ing, forestry, and food. It aim s to m eet the needs of farm ers and ranchers, prom ote agricultural trade and production, work to assure food safety, protect natural resources, foster rural com m unities and end hunger in the United States and internationally.

Wet Biom ass Whole or m illed plant m aterial of cultivars of Cannabis spp. that has not been processed to lower water content.

? 8- THC - ? 8- Most abundant cannabinoid found in the plant that is decarboxylated and Tet rahy drocannabinol form ed into THC by heating.

? 9- THC - ? 9- The m ost com m on cannabinoid found within the cannabis plant. THC Tet rahy drocannabinol accounts for m ost of the psychoactive effects as the 11- OH- THC m etabolite, form ed after first pass m etabolism , is 4 tim es m ore psychoactive than THC.

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