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The Pierid Butterflies of the Genera Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia Herrich-Schaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia Field, and Pierco Lias Staudinger

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The Pierid Butterflies of the Genera Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia Herrich-Schaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia Field, and Pierco Lias Staudinger The Pierid Butterflies of the Genera Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia Herrich-Schaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia Field, and Pierco lias Staudinger WILLIAM* D. FIELD and JOSE HERRERA SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 232 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. S. Dillon Ripley Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 232 The Pierid Butterflies of the Genera Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia Herrich-Schaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia Field, and Piercolias Staudinger William D. Field and Jose Herrera SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1977 ABSTRACT Field, William D., and Jose Herrera. The Pierid Butterflies of the Genera Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia Herrich-Schaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia Field, and Piercolias Staudinger. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 232, 64 pages, 198 figures, 5 maps, 1977.—The Andean genera Hypsochila, Phulia, Infraphulia, Pierphulia, and Piercolias are revised. Keys to the genera, species, and subspecies are provided. Infraphulia and Pierphulia are raised from sub- generic to generic status. Infraphulia ilyodes (Ureta) and Pierphulia rosea (Ureta) are raised from subspecific to specific status and Piercolias coropunae (Dyar) is raised from synonymy. The new taxa are: Phulia paranympha ernesta, P. garleppi, Infraphulia madeleinea, Pierphulia rosea maria, P. rosea annamariea, P. isabela, and Piercolias forsteri. The natural history, zoogeography, and classification are discussed. The species and subspecies are reviewed regarding their taxonomic history, identity, morphology, natural history, and distribution. Photographs of the adults and drawings of the male and female genitalia, venation, and claws are given. Maps illustrating the distribution of the genera and species are included. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIFS COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Field, William Dewitt, 1914- The Pierid butterflies of the genera Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia Herrich-Schaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia Field, and Piercolias Staudinger. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 232) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:232 1. Pieridae. I. Herrera, Jose, 1913- II. Title: The Pierid butterflies of the genera Hypsochila Ureta . III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 232. QLl.S54no. 232 [QL561.P5] 591'.08s [595.7'89] 76-608071 Contents Page Introduction 1 Natural History 2 Zoogeography 2 Classification 2 Key to the Genera 3 Genus Hypsochila Ureta 4 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Hypsochila 5 1. Hypsochila argyrodice (Staudinger) 6 2. Hypsochila tnicrodice (Blanchard), new combination 7 3. Hypsochila huemul Pena 9 4. Hypsochila galactodice Ureta 10 5. Hypsochila wagenknechti (Ureta) 11 5a. Hypsochila wagenknechti wagenknechti (Ureta) 11 5b. Hypsochila wagenknechti sulfurodice Ureta 12 6. Hypsochila penai Ureta 13 Genus Phulia Herrich-Schaffer 14 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Phulia 15 1. Phulia nymphula (Blanchard) 16 la. Phulia nymphula nymphula (Blanchard) 18 lb. Phulia nymphula nympha Staudinger, new status 20 2. Phulia paranympha Staudinger 21 2a. Phulia paranympha paranympha Staudinger 22 2b. Phulia paranympha ernesta, new subspecies 23 3. Phulia nannophyes Dyar 24 4. Phulia garleppi, new species 24 Genus Infraphulia Field, new status 25 Key to the Species of Infraphulia 26 1. Infraphulia illimani (Weymer), new combination 27 2. Infraphulia madeleinea, new species 27 3. Infraphulia ilyodes (Ureta), new status, new combination 29 Genus Pierphulia Field, new status 30 Key to the Species and Subspecies of Pierphulia 31 1. Pierphulia nysias (Weymer), new combination 31 la. Pierphulia nysias nysias (Weymer) 32 lb. Pierphulia nysias nysiella (Rober), new status, new combination 34 2. Pierphulia rosea (Ureta), new status, new combination 34 2a. Pierphulia rosea rosea (Ureta) 35 2b. Pierphulia rosea maria, new subspecies 35 2c. Pierphulia rosea annamariea, new subspecies 36 3. Pierphulia isabela, new species 37 Genus Piercolias Staudinger 37 Key to the Species of Piercolias 39 1. Piercolias huanaco (Staudinger) 39 2. Piercolias forsteri, new species 40 3. Piercolias coropunae (Dyar), resurrected species 42 Literature Cited 43 ill The Pierid Butterflies of the Genera Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia Herrich-Schaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia Field, and Piercolias Staudinger William D. Field and Jose Herrera Introduction Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; Dr. Harry K. Clench and Dr. George Wallace, Carnegie Museum This is the third and last in a series of papers by of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Mr. the authors treating the "Tatocheilae-Phulia" Henry Dybas and Dr. Rupert L. Wenzel, Field branch (Klots, 1933) of the pierid family tree. Of Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; Mr. this branch of nine genera two, Theochila Field D. S. Fletcher, Mr. P. R. Ackery, and Dr. R. I. and Tatochila Butler, have been revised earlier by Vane-Wright, British Museum (Natural History), Herrera and Field (1959) and a third recently London; Dr. Walter Forster, Zoological Collections described genus, Reliquia Ackery (1975), closely related to Tatochila, are not further discussed here. of the Bavarian State, Munich, Germany; Dr. A fourth genus, Baltia Moore, found in the Hima- Gerado Lamas, "Javier Prado" Museum of Natural layan Mountains of Asia was redefined in the first History, Mayor de San Marcos National University, of this series of papers (Field, 1958) and is outside Lima, Peru. The late Dr. E. M. Hering, Zoological the scope of the present treatment. In this paper Museum of the Humboldt University, East Berlin, we are presenting revisions of the five remaining greatly aided our work by the loan of Staudinger New World genera: Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia type material. The late Dr. Emilio Ureta, National Herrich-Schaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia Museum of Natural History, Santiago, Chile, loaned Field, and Piercolias Staudinger. us type material and many study specimens. Espe- cially valuable was the help and the great amount ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We wish to thank the of material furnished by Mr. Luis E. Pena, Santiago, following for the loan of material that made this Chile. study possible: Dr. Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., California We wish to acknowledge the assistance of Mrs. Vera Milbank, a former museum technician for William D. Field, Department of Entomology, National bibliographic aid. Mr. George L. Venable of our Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Wash- ington, D.C. 20560. Josd Herrera, Castillo Velasco 4148, staff of professional artists prepared all of the Santiago, Chile. drawings, the maps, and the painting (Figure 105). SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Mr. Victor E. Krantz of the Smithsonian Institution the Pamirs and other Middle Asiatic mountains must either photo laboratory made all of the photographs. be due to true faunal affinity or must be attributed to con- vergent evolution of related groups under comparable con- ditions of ecology. Natural History In support to there being a true affinity between There is no recorded information concerning the pierid fauna of the Himalayan mountains and adult dispersal, mate selection, and courtship the High Andes or between Baltia of the former behavior of the 19 species we assign to these 5 region and Piercolias, Pierphulia, Infraphulia, and genera. The life histories are also unknown for Phulia of the latter region we cite the resemblance these species. Even the food plants are unknown in wing habitus and the similarity in venation, in except that there are suspected food plants for two the shape of the claws, and in
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