This is a list of Latin words with derivatives in English
Nouns and adjectives
The citation form for nouns (the one normally shown in Latin dictionaries) is the Latin nominative singular, but this typically does not exhibit the root form from which English nouns are generally derived.
Latin nouns and adjectives Citation Declining Meaning English derivatives form stem
acer acer- maple aceric
acer acr- sharp acrid, acrimony
acerbus acerb- bitter acerbic, acerbity, exacerbate
acervus acerv- heap acervate, acervose
acētum acēt- vinegar acetic
acus acu- needle acuity, acumen, acupuncture, acute, acutifoliate
adeps adip- fat adipose
adversus advers- set against, hostile adverse, adversity, adversary
aedificium aedifici- building edifice
aequus aequ-, -iqu- even, level adequate, equality, equity, iniquity
aes aer- ore
aevum aev- age, eon coeval, eviternal, longevity, mediaeval, primaeval
ager agr-, -egr- field agriculture, peregrine
ala al- wing alar, alate, aliform
alacer alacr- quick alacrity
albus alb- dull white albarium, albedo, albinism, albino, album, albumen
alius ali- other alias, alibi, alien
amplus ampl- ample amplification, amplitude
anima anim- breath, soul, life animal, animate, animation
animus anim- mind, anger animosity annus ann-, -enn- year anniversary, annual, annuity, biannual, millennium, perennial
ānser ānser- goose anserine
aqua aqu- water aquamarine, aquarium, Aquarius, aquatic, aqueduct, aquifer
aquila aquil- eagle aquiline
arbor arbor- tree arboreal, arboretum
argentum argent- silver argent, Argentina
ars art- art, skill artifact, artificial
asinus asin- donkey asinine
audāx audāc- brave, bold audacious, audacity
auris aur- ear aural, auricle
aurum aur- gold aureate, aureole
avis avi- bird Aves, avian, aviary, aviation
baca bac- berry baccate, bacciferous, bacciform, baccivorous
bellum bell- war antebellum, bellicose, belligerence, rebellion
bellus bell- pretty embellish
bene ben- good benediction, benefactor, benefit, benignity
bestia besti- animal bestial, bestiary
bini bin- two each binary, binate, combination bonus bon- good bonify, bonitary, bonus – melior – melior- – better – ameliorate
– optimus – optim- – best – optimal, optimist
bōs bov- cow, ox bovine
bracchium brac- arm, support embrace, braces, bracelet
brevis brev- brief, short abbreviation, brevity
bucca bucc- cheek, mouth, cavity buccal, buccinator muscle
bulbus bulb- bulbous bulbous, bulbule
bulla bull- bubble, flask ebullient, ebullism
bursa burs- pouch, purse bursa, bursar, bursary, disburse butyrum butyr- butter butyric calc- calx heel inculcate -culc-
calx calc- limestone, pebble calciform, calcite, calcium, calculus, calculation camera camer- vault bicameral, camera
campus camp- field campaign, champion
canis can- dog canary, canicule, canid, canine, Canis Major
caper capr- goat Capricorn, caprine
capillus capill- hair capillaries
capsa caps- box, case capsule, encapsulation
caput capit-, -cipit- head cape, capital, decapitation, precipitation
carbo carbon- coal carbon
carcer carcer- jail incarceration
cardo cardin- hinge cardinal carnage, carnal, carnary, carnation, carneous, carnival, carnivore, charnel, incarnate, caro carn- flesh incarnation
caseus case- cheese caseic, casein
catena caten- chain catenary, catenative, concatenation
cauda caud-, cod- tail caudal, coda
caulis caul-, col- stalk, stem caulicle, cauliflorous, cauline
causa caus-, -cus- accusative, causality, causative
cavus cav- hollow cave, cavity, concave, excavation
celer celer- quick acceleration, celerity
centeni centen- hundred each centenary
centesimus centesim- hundredth centesimal, centesimation
centum cent- hundred cent, centennial, centurion
cera cer- wax ceraceous
certus cert- certain certiorari, certitude
cervīx cervīc- neck cervical, cervix
ceterus ceter- other et cetera
cilium cili- eyelash cilia
cinis ciner- ashes cinereous, cinerin, incinerator
circus circ- circle circular, circus
cirrus cirr- curl, tentacle cirrus
cīvis cīv- citizen civil, civilian, civility
clarus clar- clear clarity, declaration clāvicula clāvicul- little key clavicle
clavis clav- key clavier
clemens clement- mild clemency, inclement
collis coll- hill colliculus
collum coll- neck collar
color color- color Colorado, coloration, coloratura, discolor, tricolor
colum col- strainer colander
cor cord- heart accord, concordat, cordial, courage, discord
corbis corb- basket corb, corf
cornū corn- horn Capricorn, cornea, cornucopia, unicorn
corona coron- crown corona, coronation
corpus corpor- body corporal, corporation, corporeal, corps, corpse, corpulent, corpuscle, incorporation
cortex cortic- bark, rind corticosteroid
corvus corv- raven corbel, corvine
costa cost- rib costal
coxa cox- hip coxal
cras cras- tomorrow procrastinate
crassus crass- thick crass, crassitude
creta cret- chalk cretaceous
cribrum cribr- sieve cribble, cribellum, cribrate, cribriform
crimen crimin- criminal
crispus crisp- curled crispate
crista crist- crest cristate
crus crur- leg, shank crural
crux cruc- cross crucial, crucifix, crucify, excruciating
culina culin- kitchen culinary
culpa culp- blame, fault culpable, exculpate
cuneus cune- wedge cuneate, cuneiform
cura cur- care cure, curious
curtus curt- shortened curt
curvus curv- bent curvature cuspis cuspid- tip bicuspid
cutis cut- hide, skin cuticle damn- damnum harm condemn, damage, damnation, indemnity -demn-
decem decem- ten December, decemfid, decempedal, decemviri
decimus decim- tenth decimal, decimate, decimation
decus decor- decorous, decorum
deni den- ten each denarius, denary, dinero
dens dent- tooth dental, dentifrice, denture, indent, trident
densus dens- thick condense, density
deus de- god deification, deity
dexter dextr- right dexterity, dexterous, dextral
diēs diē- day diary, quotidian
digitus digit- finger, toe digit, digital
dignus dign- worthy condign, dignity
discipulus discipul- student disciple
dominus domin- lord domain, dominate, dominion
domus dom- house dome, domestic, domicile
dorsum dors- back dorsal, indorse
dos dot- dowry dotal, dotation
dulcis dulc- sweet dulcet, dulcimer
duo du- two dual, duality, dubious, duet, duo, duplex
durus dur- hard durable, duration, duress, endure, obdurate
ensis ens- sword
equus equ- horse equestrian, equine
faba fab- bean faba bean, fabaceous
faber fabr- fabric
faenum faen- hay
falx falc- sickle falcate, falciform
fames fam- hunger famine, famished
fanum fan- temple profanity
fascis fasc- bundle fasciculation fatuus fatu- foolish, useless fatuous, infatuation
fauces fauc-, -foc- throat faucal, suffocate
fēlēs fēl- cat felid, Felinae, feline
fēlix fēlic- happy felicitations, felicitous, felicity
fēmina fēmin- woman effeminate, femininity
femur femor- thigh femoral, femur
fenestra fenestr- window defenestration
ferox feroc- fierce ferocious, ferocity
ferrum ferr- iron ferrite, ferrous
ferus fer- wild feral, ferine
ficus fic- fig Ficus
fides fid- faith, trust confidence, fidelity, infidel, infidelity, perfidy fīlia fīli- daughter affiliation, filial fīlius fīli- son
filum fil- thread bifilar, filament
fīnis fīn- end, limit affine, affinity, confines, confinity, definition, final, finish, finite, infinity, infinitive
firmus firm- firm confirmation, firmament
fiscus fisc- basket confiscation, fiscal
fistula fistul- pipe, tube fistula, fistulate
flaccus flacc- flabby flaccid
flavus flav- yellow flavin, flavivirus, flavonoid
flōs flōr- flower floral, florid, floriferous, florist, floruit
focus foc- hearth bifocal, focal
foedus foeder- confederation, federal
folium foli- leaf defoliant, foliage, folio, folivore, portfolio
follis foll- bellows follicle, follicular
fons font- fountain, spring font, fontal, fontanelle
foris for- outdoors foreclose, foreign, forest, forum
fōrma fōrm- form, shape conformity, deformity, formal, formation, formative, formula, formulary, information
formica formic- ant formic
formus form- warm
fornix fornic- vault fornication, forniciform fors fort- luck fortuitous, fortune
fortis fort- strong effort, fortification, fortify, fortitude shallow round fovea fove- fovea, foveal, foveole depression
frāter frātr- brother fraternal, fraternity, fratricide
fraus fraud- fraud defraud, fraudulent
frequens frequent- often frequency, frequentative
frōns front- forehead affront, confront, front, frontage, frontal
frustum frust- piece frustule, frustulent, frustum
frūx frūg- fruit frugal
fūmus fūm- smoke fume, fumigation
fundus fund- bottom fundamentalism, profundity
fungus fung- mushroom fungal, fungicide
funis fun- rope funicular
fur fur- thief furuncle
furca furc- fork bifurcation
furtum furt- theft furtive
fuscus fusc- dark obfuscation
gens gent- gentile, gentility, gentle
genu genu- knee genuflection birth, offspring, genus gener- general, generation, generic, generous, genuine creation
glacies glaci- ice glacial, glacier
gladius gladi- sword gladiator, gladiolus
gluten glutin- glue agglutination, glutinous
gradus grad- step degrade, gradation, grade, gradient, gradine, gradual, graduation, prograde, retrograde
granum gran- grain granary, granite, granule
gravis grav- heavy aggravate, gravamen, grave, gravid, gravitation, gravity
grex greg- flock, herd aggregate, congregation, egregious, gregarious, segregation
grossus gross- thick gross
gula gul- gullet, gully
gurges gurgit- regurgitate gustus gust- taste disgust, gustatory, gusto
gutta gutt- drop guttifer, guttiform
guttur guttur- throat guttural
herba herb- grass herbaceous, herbal, herbicide
hibernus hibern- hibernacle, hibernal
hiems hiem- winter hiemal
homō homin- man (human being) homicide, hominid
hortus hort- garden cohort, horticulture
hostis host- enemy hostile
humus hum- ground humiliate, humility
ignis ign- fire igneous, ignite, ignition
inguen inguin- groin inguinal
īnsula īnsul- island insular, insulate, peninsula iocus joc- jest jocular, joke jocus iūdex iūdic- judge judge, judicial, judiciary, adjudicate judex iugum iug- yoke conjugal, conjugate jugum
iūs iūr- right, law abjure, conjure, justice, jurisdiction iuvenis juven- young juvenile juvenis
labia labi- lip labial, labium
labor labor- toil elaboration, laborious
labrum labr- lip labrose, labrum
lac lact- milk lactate, lactic, lactose
lacrima lacrim- tear lachrymose
lapis lapid- stone dilapidate, lapidary
lassus lass- lassitude
latex latic- liquid laticifer
latus lat- broad, wide latifoliate, latitude
latus later- side collateral, lateral laus laud- praise laud, laudable, Lauds
laxus lax- loose laxity, relax
lenis leni- gentle leniency
lens lent- lentil lenticel, lenticular
lentus lent- lentic, relent
leo leon- lion leonine
lepus lepor- hare leporid, leporine
levis lev- light (weight) levity, relieve
lēx lēg- law alleged, legal, legislation, privilege
liber liber- free liberal
liber libr- book library
libra libr- balance, scales equilibrium
lignum lign- wood ligneous, lignite
limbus limb- edge limbate, limbic, limbo
linea line- line collinear, linearity
lingua lingu- tongue bilingual, lingua franca, linguistics, multilingual
lira lir- furrow delirium
littera litter- letter alliteration, literary, literature
locus loc- place locality, locative
longus long- long elongate, longitude, oblong, prolong
lucrum lucr- lucrative, lucre
lumen lumin- light luminary, luminous
lūna lūn- Moon lunar, lunate, lunatic
lupus lup- wolf lupine
lux luc- light Lucifer, luciferous
macula macul- spot immaculate, macula, macular, macule
magister magistr- master magisterial, magistrate magnus magn- big, great magnate, magnitude – māior – māior- – bigger – majority – maximus – maxim- – biggest – maximum malus mal- bad malevolence, malice, malignant – peior – peior- – worse – pejorative – pessimus – pessim- – worst – pessimist
manus manu- hand manicure, manual, manuscript
mare mar- sea marine, mariner, maritime, ultramarine
Mars marti- Mars martial, Martian
māter mātr- mother material, maternal, maternity, matrimony, matrix, matron, matter immediate, intermediate, media, medial, median, mediator, mediety, medieval, mediocre, medius medi- middle medium
mel mell- honey mellifluent
memor memor- mindful commemorate, memoir, memorial, memory
menda mend- blemish emend
mens ment- mind mental
merus mer- pure mere
miles milit- soldier militant, military, militia
mille mill- thousand millennium, millipede
modus mod- modal
mollis moll- soft emollient
mons mont- mountain montage, montane, monticule, montiform, montigenous
mora mor- delay moratorium
morbus morb- sickness morbid, morbidity
mors mort- death mortal, rigor mortis
mortuus mort- dead mortgage, mortuary,morgue
mos mor- custom morality, mores multus mult- many multitude – plus – plur- – more plurality
mulus mul- mule mular
mundus mund- world mundane
murus mur- wall mural
mus mur- mouse murine
nasus nas- nose nasal
navis nav- ship naval
neuter neutr- neither neutral
niger nigr- black denigrate nihil nihil- nothing nil, nihilism, annihilate
nodus nod- knot nodal, nodule
nomen nomin- name ignominy, nominal, nominative, postnominal, trinominal
nonageni nonagen- ninety each nonagenarian, nonagenary
nōnus non- ninth nonary, None
norma norm- carpenter's square enormous, norm, normal, normative
novus nov- new innovative, novelty, novice
nox noct- night equinox, nocturnal
nudus nud- naked denude, nudity
numerus numer- number enumerate, innumerable, numeracy, numeral, numerator, numerous
octāvus octav- eighth octaval, octave
octō oct- eight octal, octangular, octennial, octuple
octōni octon- eight each octonary, octonion
oculus ocul- eye inoculation, ocular
omen omin- ominous
omnis omn- all omnipotence, omnipresence, omniscience, omnivore
onus oner- burden, load exonerate, onerous, onus
opacus opac- shady opacity
ops op- copious, opulent
opus oper- work opera, operose, opuscule
orbis orb- ring orb, orbit
ordo ordin- order ordinal, ordinance, ordinary, ordination
os or- mouth oral, orifice
os oss- bone exossation, ossify, ossuary
otium oti- leisure negotiate, otiose
ovis ov- sheep ovine
ovum ov- egg oval, ovary, oviposition, ovule, ovum
palus pal- stake impale, pale, palisade
par par- equal comparative, comparator, disparage, disparity, parile, parity, peer
paries pariet- wall parietal
pars part- piece compartment, departure, partial, particle parvus parv- small parvovirus
passer passer- sparrow passerine
pater patr- father paternal, paternity, patrimony, patron, perpetrate
paucus pauc- few paucal, paucity
pavīmentum pavīment- ground pavement
pax pac- peace pacific, pacify
pectus pector- chest pectoral
pēs ped- foot biped, expedient, expedition, impediment, pedal, pedestrian, pedicure
pestis pest- pest pesticide, pestiferous, pestilence
pinna pinn- feather pen, pinnate, pinniped
pinnaculum pinnac- gable/peak pinnacle
pirus pir- pear piriform
piscis pisc- fish pisces, pisciform, piscine
planta plant- sole plantar
planus plan- flat planar, plane
platea plate- place placement
plebs pleb- common people plebian
plenus plen- full plenary, plenitude, plenum
pluma plum- feather plumage
pluvia pluvi- rain pluvial
pondus ponder- weight ponderous, pound, preponderance
pons pont- bridge pontine, pontoon
porcus porc- pig porcine
porta port- gate porch, portal, portico
prandium prandi- lunch prandial, preprandial
pravus prav- crooked depravity
pretium preti- price depreciation, precious
prex prec- prayer preces prior prior- former priority
– prīmus – prīm- – first – primal, primary, prime, primer, primordial
privus priv- own privacy, private
probus prob- probable, probation, probative, probity, reprobate proprius propri- proper appropriate, propriety
prunus prun- plum prune
pulcher pulchr- beautiful pulchritude
pulmo pulmon- lung pulmonary
pulvis pulver- dust, powder pulverize
punctum punct- point contrapuntal, punctual, punctuation
purus pur- pure impurity, purity
pus pur- pus purulent
quadrini quadrin- four each quadrin
quadrum quadr- square quadrate, quadratic, quadrature
quartus quart- fourth quartal, quartan, quartic
quaterni quatern- four each quaternary, quaternion
quintus quint- fifth quintal, quintan, quintessence, quintic
radius radi- ray, spoke radial, radian
radix radic- root eradicate, radical, radicand
ramus ram- branch ramification, ramose
remus rem- oar bireme, quinquereme
rēn ren- kidney adrenal, renal, reniform
res re- thing reality
rete ret- net reticulate, retiform, retina
rēx rēg- king regal, regent
ripa rip- bank riparian
ritus rit- rite ritual
rivus riv- brook derive, rival, rivose, rivulet
rosa ros- rose rosaceous, rosary
rota rot- wheel rotary, rotation
ruber rubr- red erubescent, rubric
rūdis rūd- rude erudite, rudimentary
ruga rug- wrinkle corrugate, rugose
rūs rūr- countryside, farm rural, rustic
sacer sacr- sacred sacrifice, sacristy saepes saep- hedge septum
sal sal- salt salary, salinity
sanguis sanguin- blood consanguineous, sanguine
sanus san- sound insanity, sanatorium
semen semin- seed disseminate, semen, seminal, seminar, seminary
semis semi- half semicolon, semiconductor, semiconscious, seminatural
senex sen- old man senator, senility, senior
seni sen- six each senary
septem sept- seven septangular, septemvir, septennial
septeni septen- seven each septenary
sex sex- six sexangular, sexavalent, sexennial
sexageni sexagen- sixty each sexagenarian, sexagenary
sexagesimus sexagesim- sixtieth sexagesimal
sextus sext- sixth bissextile, Sext, sextan, sextans, sextic, sextile
sibilus sibil- hiss sibilant
siccus sicc- dry desiccant, desiccation
sidus sider- constellation consider, sidereal
silva silv- forest silvan, silviculture
similis simil- like similar, verisimilitude
sincerus sincer- sincerity
singulus singul- one each singularity
sinister sinistr- left sinister, sinistral
sinus sinu- curve sinuous
sol sol- sun insolate, solar, soliform
solum sol- bottom insole, sole
solus sol- alone, only sole, solitary, solitude, solo
somnus somn- sleep insomnia, somnolent
sonus son- sound absonant, assonance, consonant, dissonance, resonance, sonorant, sonority
sopor sopor- deep sleep sopor, soporific
soror soror- sister sororal, sororate, sororicide, sorority
spes sper- hope desperado, desperate spina spin- thorn spinal, spinescent, spiniferous, spiniform
squama squam- scale squamate, squamella, squamiform, squamose, squamous
stria stri- furrow striation, striature
strix strig- owl strigine
suavis suav- sweet suave sucus succ- juice succulent succus
sulcus sulc- furrow sulcal, sulcate, sulciform
tardus tard- slow retard, tardy
tempus tempor- time contemporaneous, contemporary, temporal, temporary
tenuis tenu- thin attenuate, extenuating, tenuous
terminus termin- boundary interminable, terminal, terminative
terni tern- three each ternary, ternion
terra terr- dry land terrace, terracotta, terrain, terrestrial, extraterrestrial, territory
tertius terti- third Terce, tertial, tertian, tertiary, tertiate
testis test- witness intestate, testament, testimony
totus tot- all, whole totality
tres tri- three triangle, triceps, triennial
tricae tric- tricks extricate
turba turb- disturbance, turbidity, turbine
umbra umbr- shade, shadow adumbration, penumbra, umbrage, umbrella
uncia unci- twelfth ounce, quincuncial, uncial
unda und- wave abundant, inundate, redundant, undulate
unus un- one coadunate, unary, unate, uniformity, union
urbs urb- city suburb, urban
ursus urs- bear ursine
vacuus vacu- empty vacuous, vacuum
vagus vag- wandering vagile, vague
vallum vall- rampart interval, vallate
vanus van- empty, vain vanity
varius vari- varying variable, variety, various
vas vas- vessel vasal, vase vastus vast- empty devastate, vastitude
vehiculum vehicul- wagon vehicle, vehicular
velox veloc- quick, swift velocity
velum vel- sail, veil velamen, velar, velate
vena ven- vein venation, venous, venule
venter ventr- belly ventral, ventricle, ventriloquy
ventus vent- wind ventilator
venum ven- venality
venus vener- desire venerable, venereal
verbum verb- word adverb, proverbial, verbal, verbatim, verbose
vermis verm- worm vermian, vermicelli, vermicular, vermiculite, vermiform
vernus vern- spring vernal
vērus ver- true veracious, veracity, verify, veritable, verity
vesper vesper- evening vespertine
vestigium vestig- trace, track vestigial
vestis vest- clothing vest, vestment, vesture
vetus veter- old veteran
via vi- way devious, obvious, trivial, viaduct, vialis
vicis vic- change vicarious, vicissitude
vicus vic- vicinal, vicinity
vigesimus vigesim- twentieth septemvigesimal, vigesimal
vilis vil- cheap, vile revile, vilify
vīlla vill- country house villa, village
vinum vin- wine viniculture
vir vir- man (masculine) triumvirate, virile, virility, virtue
virga virg- rod, twig virgate, virgule
viscus viscer- internal organ eviscerate, visceral
vita vit- life vital, vitality
vitium viti- vice, vicious, vitiate
vitrum vitr- glass vitreous, vitriol
viverra viverr- ferret viverrid, viverrine vola vol- palm volar
vox voc- voice advocate, vocal, vocative, vociferous
vulgus vulg- crowd vulgar, vulgarity, vulgate
vulnus vulner- wound vulnerable, vulnerose
vulpēs vulp- fox vulpicide, vulpine
Verbs
In some Latin verbs, a preposition caused a vowel change in the root of the verb. For example, "capiō" prefixed with "in" becomes "incipio".
Latin verbs Citation Present Perfect Participial Meaning English derivatives form stem stem stem
aceō ac- acu- – be sour acid action, actual, actuary, agenda, agency, agent, agility, agitate, ambiguous, agō ag- castigate, coagment, coagulate, cogent, cogitate, exact, exigent, fumigate, eg- āct- act, drive -igō -ig- indefatigable, intransigent, litigate, mitigate, navigate, purgatory, purge, redact, retroactive, variegate al- alit- alō -ol- alu- nourish adolescent, adult, alimentary, alimony, alma mater, alumnus, coalesce, coalition alt- -ul-
ambulō ambul- ambulav- ambulat- walk amble, ambulance, ambulatory, preamble
amō am- amav- amat- like, love amateur, enamor
appello appell- appellav- appellat- call, address appeal, appellant, appellate, appellation ap- apt- apō api- ap- fasten adapt, apt, inept -ept- epi-
ardeō ard- ars- ars- be on fire ardent, ardor
areō ar- – – be dry arid
arguō argu- argu- argut- argue, argument
audeō aud- aus- - be bold, dare audiō aud- audiv- audit- hear audible, audition, auditorium
augeō aug- aux- auct- increase auction, augmentation, augmentative
aveō av- - avarice, avid
bibō bib- bib- bibit- drink bibulous, imbibe cadō cad- cecid- cas- fall accident, cadence, case, decadent, deciduous, incident, recidivous -cidō -cid- caed- caes- caedō cecid- cut caesura, concise, decision, excise, incision, precise, succise -cid- -cis-
caleō cal- calu- - be warm calid, calor, calorie can- cant- canō cecin- sing cantata, canticle, cantor, cantus, incantation, recant -cin- -cent- capiō cep- capt- accept, capable, capacity, caption, captious, captive, capture, concept, deception, cap- take -cipiō -cip- -cept- except, incipient, intercept, recipe, recipient, receptacle, reception
careō car- caru- carit- lack charity, precarious carpō carp- carpt- carps- pick, pluck carpe diem, excerpt -cerpō -cerp- -cerpt-
caveō cav- cav- caut- beware caution, caveat, precaution abscess, accede, concede, decedent, excessive, intercede, precede, precession, cēdō cēd- cess- cess- yield, depart précis, recede, recession, secession cēlō cēl- celat- celav- hide conceal, occult -culō -cul- -cult-
cenō cen- cenav- cenat- dine
cernō cern- crev- cret- separate, sift discern, discrete, excretion, secretion
cieō ci- civ- cit- excitement, incite
cingō cing- cinx- cinct- encircle, gird cincture, succinct
clāmō clām- clāmāv- clāmāt- call acclamation, clamor, exclaim, proclamation claudō claud- claus- claus- close clause, conclude, exclusive, occlusion, preclude -clūdō -clūd- -clūs-
clinō clin- clinav- clinat- lean decline, inclination, recline
cogitō cogit- cogitav- cogitat- think, ponder cogitate
colligō collig- colleg- collect- collect collect col- colt- colō colu- colony, cultivate, culture cul- cult- cōnor con- conat- – try conation
coquō coqu- cox- coct- cook coctile, concoct, decoction, precocious
consulō consul- consulu- consult- consult consult, counsel
creō cre- - creat- make creation, creature
crescō cresc- - cret- grow accretion, crescendo, crescent, decrease
cubō cub- cubu- cubat- lie concubinage, incubator, succubus -cumbō -cumb- -cubu- -cubit- lie incumbent, recumbence, succumb
cupiō cup- cupiv- cupit- desire cupidity
currō curr- cucurr- curs- run course, current, cursive, cursor, discourse, occurrence, recursion
dicō dic- dicav- dicat- dedicate, predicate
dicō dic- dix- dict- say diction, edict, prediction ded- dat- dō d- give addendum, dative, editor, perdition, redditive, tradition -did- -dit-
doceō doc- docu- doct- teach doctor, doctrine, document
doleō dol- dolui dolit- grieve dolor, condolence
dormiō dorm- dormiv- dormit- sleep dormitory
dubitō dubit- dubitav- dubitat- doubt indubitable
ducō duc- dux- duct- lead abductor, conductor, deduce, deductible, deduction, duct, educe, reduction
edō ed- ed- es- eat edible, esculent emō em- em- empt- buy exempt, preemptive, redeem, redemption -imō -im-
eō e- i- it- go ambient, ambit, ambition, coitus, exit, obituary, preterite, sedition, transit
errō err- errav- errat- stray errant, erratic, erratum confect, confectionery, deficient, difficulty, effective, efficiency, facile, fact, faciō fac- fec- fact- make faction, factious, factory, factual, faculty, infection, office, official, perfection, -ficiō -fic- -fic- -fect- perfective, prefecture, proficient, semelfactive
fallō fall- fefell- fals- fallacy, falsity
faveō fav- favu- favit- favor
fendō fend- - fens- defend, fence, offensive ablative, allative, conifer, correlation, difference, delative, elative, fertile, fertility, ferō fer- tul- lāt- bear, bring illative, inference, interfere, lative, perlative, preference, prolate, prolative, refer,
reference, referendum, relate, sublative, superlative, transfer, translation
ferveō ferv- - - fervid, fervor fīgō fīg- fīx- fix- fix affix, crucifixion, fixure, suffix
findō find- fid- fiss- cleave, split bifid, fissile, fission, fissure, fistula fashion, fingō fing- finx- fict- fiction, fictive, figment invent
fiō fi- – – be made fiat
flectō flect- flex- flex- bend deflect, flexible, flexure, inflection, reflex
fligō flig- flix- flict- strike affliction, conflict, inflict, profligate
flō fl- flav- flat- blow conflate, flatulence, inflate, soufflé, sufflate
fluō flu- flux- flux- flow affluent, confluence, effluent, flume, influx
fodiō fod- fod- foss- dig fossil
for f- fat– – say, speak affable, fabulous, fame, fate, ineffable, infamy, infant frangō frang- freg- fract- break diffract, fractal, fraction, fracture, fragile, fragment, infringe, suffrage -fringō -fring-
fricō fric- fricu- frict- rub fricative, friction
frigeō frig- - - be cold frigid
frigō frig- frix- frict- parch
fruor fru- fruct- – enjoy
fugiō fug- fug- fugit- flee fugitive, refugee
fundō fund- fūd- fūs- pour confound, effusive, fusion, profusion, refund
fungor fung- funct- – do defunct, fungible, function
gaudeō gaud- - gavis- rejoice
gerō ger- gess- gest- carry agger, congestion, digestion, gerund, gestation, gesture, ingest, suggest gradior gradi- gress- – step egress, gradient, ingredient, progressive, transgression -gredior -gredi- -gress-
gustō gust- gustav- gustat- taste gustation, gustatory habeō habe- habit- habu- have exhibit, habitual, inhibitory, prohibitive, rehabilitation -hibeō -hibe- -hibit-
haereō haer- haes- haes- cling, stick adhere, cohesion, hesitation hal- halō halav- halat- breathe exhale, inhalation -hel-
hauriō hauri- haus- haust- draw exhaust
hiō hi- hiav- hiat- gape hiatal, hiatus iaceō iac- iacu- jacit- be thrown, lie adjacent iaciō iec- jact- iac- throw abject, conjecture, ejector, inject, objective, projectile, reject -iciō (j)ic- -ject-
irascor irasc- irat- – be angry irascible, irate
labor lab- laps- – slide, slip collapse, elapse, labile, prolapse, relapse laciō lac- – -licu- lure delicious, elicit, illicit -liciō -lic- -lect- laedō laed- laes- laes- hurt collide, elision, lesion -lidō -lid- -lis- -lis-
langueō langu- - - languid, languish, languor
laudō laud- laudav- laudat- praise laud, laudable, laudatory
lavō lav- lav- laut-, lot- wash lavatory, loment, lotion, loture
lēgō lēg- legav- legat- send allege, delegate, relegation legō leg- choose, collect, diligence, election, eligible, lecture, legend, legible, neglect, negligence, leg- lect- -ligō -lig- gather, read selective let- leō l- - deletion, indelible -lit-
libō lib- libav- libat- pour libation
libō lib- - libit- please libido
ligō lig- ligav- ligat- bind ligament, ligature, obligation
linquō linqu- liqu- lict- abandon delinquent, derelict, relinquish, reliquary
liveō liv- - – livid, livor
locō loc- locav- locat- place, put allocate, location
loquor loqu- locut- – speak circumlocution, colloquial, eloquence, grandiloquent, interlocutory
luceō luc- lux- – be light, shine lucent, pellucid
luctor luct- luctat- – wrestle reluctance
lūdō lūd- lūs- lūs- play allusion, collude, illusion, ludicrous
luō lu- lu- lut- wash dilute, elution, pollution
maneō man- mans- mans- stay immanent, mansion, permanent, remain
mānō mān- manav- manat- flow emanation
meō me- meav- meat- go, pass permeate
mergō merg- mers- mers- dip emerge, immerse migrō migr- migrav- migrat- emigrate, immigrant, migration
minuō minu- minu- minut- lessen diminuendo, diminution, diminutive
misceō misc- miscu- mixt- mix admixture, miscible, mixture
mittō mitt- mīs- miss- send commissure, commit, manumission, missile, missive
molō mol- molu- molit- grind demolition, emolument, molar
moneō mon- monu- monit- warn admonition, monitor, premonition
monstrō monstr- monstrav- monstrat- demonstrate
moveō mov- mov- mot- move demotion, commotion, emotion, motile, motion, motive, motor, move, promotion
narrō narr- narrav- narrat- tell narrative, narrator nat- nascor nasc- – be born agnate, cognate, innate, nascent, natal, nation, native, nature, prenatal, supernatural gnat-
natō nat- natav- natat- float, swim natatorium
necō nec- necav- necat- kill enecate
nectō nect- nexu- nex- join, tie annex, connect, nexus nōt- nōscō nōsc- nosc- -gnōt-, - know cognitive, ignoble, nobility, notable, notice, notion -gnōscō -gnōsc- gnit- bring news of, nuntiō nunt- nuntiav- nuntiat- announce, renunciation announce
nutriō nutr- nutriv- nutrit- nourish nutrient, nutriment, nutrition, nutritious
ōdi od- - – hate odious, odium
oleō ol- olu- - smell olid, redolent
optō opt- optav- optat- choose adopt, opt
orior ori- ort– – rise abort, orient
orō or- orav- orat- speak orator, perorate
palleō pall- pallu- - be pale pallid, pallor pangō pang- pepig- pact- fasten compact, impact, impingement -pingō -ping-
pareō par- paru- parit- be ready apparent, apparition, disparition, transparent
pareō par- paru- parit- obey parent, parenthood par- part- pariō peper- biparous, parent, vivipary -per- -pert-
parō par- parav- parat- make ready disparate, prepare, reparation, separate pascō pasc- pav- past- feed pastor, pasture, repast
pateō pat- patu- – be open patent
patior pat- pass- – endure compatible, passive, patient
paviō pav- paviv- pavit- beat pavement
pellō pell- pepul- puls- push compel, depulsion, propel, repulsion be hanging, pendeō pend- pepend- – dependent, pending, pensile, propensity hang
pendō pend- pepend- pens- weigh compendium, dispense, expend, pension, pensive, suspense
perior per- - – experience, experiment, peril
petō pet- petiv- petit- seek, attack appetite, compete, impetus, petulant, repetition
pingō ping- pinx- pict- paint depict, picture, pigment placeō plac- placit- placu- please complacent, placid -pliceō -plic- -plicit-
placō plac- placav- placat- implacable, placate
plangō plang- planx- planct- plangent plaudō plaud- plaus- plaus- clap applaud, explode, plaudit, plausible -plodō -plod- -plos-
plectō plect- plex- plex- plait complexity, perplex completion, deplete, implement, plenary, plenitude, plenum, replete, supplement, pleō ple- plev- plet- fill suppletion
plicō plic- plicav- plicat- fold complicate, duplication, multiplicand, replicate
plōrō plor- plorav- plorat- deplore, implore
poliō pol- poliv- polit- smoothen interpolate, polish, polite
pōnō pōn- posu- posit- put component, composite, depositor, juxtaposition, postpone, repository
portō port- portav- portat- carry comport, deportation, export, import, portable, portage, transport, transportation
potō pot- potav- potat- drink potable, potion
precor prec- precat- – pray deprecate, precarious prehend- prehens- prehendō prehend- grasp apprehension, comprehend, prehensile, reprehensible prend- prens- premō prem- press- press- press, push imprimatur, oppress, pressure, repression, reprimand -primō -prim-
pugnō pugn- pugnav- pugnat- fight impugn, pugnacious, repugnant
pungō pung- pupug- punct- prick puncture, pungent putō put- putav- putat- prune, think amputation, compute, deputy, dispute, impute, putative, reputable, reputation quaerō quaer- quaesit- quaesiv- search, seek acquisition, inquire, inquisitive, perquisite, query -quirō -quir- -quisit- quatiō quat- quass- - shake concussion, decussation, percussion -cutiō -cut- -cuss-
radō rad- ras- ras- scrape, shave abrade, erasure
ranceō ranc- - - be rotten rancid, rancor rapiō rap- rapt- rapu- rapacious, rape, rapidity, rapt, raptor, rapture, surreptitious -ripiō -rip- -rept- remember, recordor record- recor- recordat- record recall regō reg- rex- rect- keep straight correction, director, dirigible, incorrigible, rectitude, resurrection -rigō -rig-
repō rep- reps- rept- crawl, creep reptile
rideō ride- ris- ris- laugh, smile derision, ridiculous, risible
rigeō rig- – – be stiff rigid, rigor
rodō rod- ros- ros- gnaw corrode, erosion, rodent
rogō rog- rogav- rogat- ask abrogate, derogatory, interrogation
rumpō rump- rup- rupt- break, burst abrupt, corrupt, disrupt, eruption, interrupt, rupture saliō sal- salu- salt- jump assail, assault, resilient, salient -siliō -sil- -silu- salt- saltat- saltō saltav- desultory, exult, result -sult- -sultat- scandō scand- scans- scand- climb ascend, condescension, descent, scansion, transcendental -scendō -scend- -scens-
scīō sci- sciv- scit- know conscience, nescience, plebiscite, prescient, science
scrībō scrīb- scrips- scrīpt- write describe, prescription, scripture, scribble, transcribe bisect, dissection, intersect, intersectionality, secant, sectile, section, sector, secō sec- secu- sect- cut segment, trisectrix, vivisection sedeō sede- dissident, insidious, obsession, presidium, reside, sedentary, sediment, sessile, sed- sess- sit -sideō -side- session, subside, supersede
sedō sed- sedav- sedat- sedative
sentiō senti- sens- sens- feel assent, consensus, dissent, sentence, sentient, sentiment sequor sequ- secut- sum – follow consecutive, persecute, prosecutive, sequence, sequent, subsequent
serō ser- seru- sert- desert, insertion, series
serpō serp- serps- serpt- crawl serpent
serviō serv- serviv- servit- serve servile, servitude
servō serv- servav- servat- save conservation, observant, preserve
sistō sist- stet- stat- cause to stand consistent, insist, persist, subsist
solvō solv- solv- solut- loosen absolutive, absolve, dissolve, resolve, soluble, solution, solvent
sordeō sord- sordu- - be dirty sordid speciō spec- spex- spect- look aspect, conspicuous, inspector, introspection, respect, specimen, specious -spiciō -spic-
spirō spir- spirav- spirat- breathe aspiration, inspire, respiration
splendeō splend- splendu- - splendid, splendor
squaleō squal- squalu- - squalid, squalor statuō statu- statu- statut- cause to stand constituent, destitute, institution, restitution, statuary -stituō -stitu- -stitu- -stitut-
staurō staur- staurav- staurat- instauration, restaurant, restoration
sternō stern- strav- strat- spread, strew prostrate, stratum, substratum constant, distance, extant, instant, reinstatement, stable, stamen, stamina, staminal, stō st- stet- stat- stand stance, stanchion, state, stationary, stative, stature, status, stet
stringō string- strinx- strict- squeeze astringent, restriction, stricture
struō stru- strux- struct- construe, destruction, instruct, instrumental, superstructure
studeō stud- studu- - student, studious
stupeō stup- stupu- - be stunned stupid, stupor
suadeō suad- suas- suas- dissuade, persuasion absent, adessive, antessive, essence, essential, essive, exessive, future, inessive, sum es- fu- futur- be present, subessive
sūmō sum- sumps- sumpt- take assume, consumption, presumptive, resume, subsume
suō su- su- sūt- sew assument, suture tac- taceō tacu- tacit- keep silent reticent, tacit -tic- tangō tang- tetig- tact- touch contact, contingent, intact, integral, pertingent, tactile, tangent, tangible -tingō -ting- -tig-
tegō teg- tex- tect- cover detect, integument, protect tendō tend- tetend- tens- stretch extend, intense, portend, tendency, tendentious, tension, tensure teneō ten- tenu- abstinence, content, continent, detention, discontent, maintain, malcontent, retain, tent- have, hold -tineō -tin- -tinu- retinue, sustain, tenet, tenor
tergeō terg- ters- ters- wipe detergent, terse
terō ter- triv- trit- rub, wear attrition, contrite, detritivore, detritus
texō tex- texu- text- weave context, pretext, subtext, textile, texture
timeō tim- timu- – be afraid timidity, timorous
tinniō tinn- tinniv- tinnit- ring tinnitus
torqueō torqu- tors- tort- twist contort, extortion, torque, torture
torreō torr- torru- tost- torrent, torrid
trahō trah- trax- tract- drag, draw abstract, detract, distract, extract, protractor, retract, subtrahend, traction
tueor tu- tut-, tuit- – intuitive, tuition, tutelage, tutor
tumeō tum- tumu- - be swollen tumescent, tumid, tumor
turgeō turg- - - turgid
umeō um- - - be moist humidity
urō ur- uss- ust- burn adustion, urn
utor ut- us- – use use, usufruct, usure, usurp, usury, utility
vacō vac- vacav- vacat- be empty vacant, vacation
vadō vad- vas- vas- go evade, invasion, pervasive
valeō val- valu- valit- be strong ambivalent, prevalent, valence, valid, valor
vehō veh- vex- vect- carry convection, convex, inveigh, vector, vehicle
vellō vell- vuls- vuls- convulse, revulsion advent, adventist, adventure, contravene, convene, convent, convention, eventual, veniō ven- ven- vent- come intervention, prevention, provenience, venture adverse, averse, controversy, convertible, extrovert, incontrovertible, inversion, vertō vert- vert- vers- turn reverse, revert, subversive, versicle, version evidence, improvise, invisible, provident, proviso, video, visage, vision, visor, videō vidē- vid- vīs- see televise, advice, vidō vid- vis- vis- dividend, individual, divisor
vincō vinc- vic- vict- conquer, win convince, eviction, victory
vivō viv- vix- vict- live revive, survivor, victim, vivacity, vivid
vocō voc- vocav- vocat- call convocation, provocative volō vol- volav- volat- fly volatile
volō vell- volu- – wish benevolent, malevolent, volition, voluntary
volvō volv- volv- volūt- roll convolution, evolve, revolution
vorō vor- vorav- vorat- swallow carnivore, devour, voracious
voveō vov- vov- vot- vow devotion, votive
Prepositions and other words used to form compound words
Latin prepositions and other words Word Meaning Prefixes ā, ab away from ab-, a-, abs-, as- ad to, toward ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, ar- aequus equal equi- ambo both ambi-, amb- ante before ante-, anti- bis twice bi-, bis- circum around circum- cis this side of cis- contrā against, opposite to contra-, contro- cum together, with con-, co-, col-, com-, cor- dē down from de- dexter right, to the right hand dextro- dis- apart dis-, di-, dif-, dir- ex, ē from, out of ex-, e-, ef- extrā outside extra- in in, into in-, il-, im-, ir- īnfrā below infra- inter among, between inter-, intel- intrā within intra-, intro- iuxtā beside juxta- malus bad mal- multus much, many multi- non not non- ob, obs toward, against, in the way of, by reason of ob-, oc-, of-, op- paene almost pen- per thorough, through per- post after, behind post- prae before pre- praeter by, past preter- prō for, in front of pro-, por-, prod- (re) again, back re-, red- retro backwards retro- sē apart, without se-, sed- sub from below, under, up to, close to sub-, su-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sus- subter beneath subter- super above, over super- suprā above, more than supra- trāns across trans-, tra-, tran- ultrā beyond ultra-