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h k - l a w y e r . org 彭力克勳爵 Pannick Lord CoverStory Blackstone Chambers Blackstone Chambers Blackstone Chambers Blackstone Chambers 封面專題 TRUST LAW 控制權並避免存在虛假或偽裝信託？香港作為一個信託中心：財產授予人是否可以維持 Control andAvoidanIllusory orShamTrust? Hong Kong asaTrust Hub:Can a SettlorMaintain 信托法專訪 Face to Face with QC QC CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 公職人員為何宣誓？ Why doOfficialsSwear(anOath)? 行政及憲法 J anuary LAND LAWLAND (第344章)的時刻來臨修訂《建築物管理條例》 Management Ordinance(Cap. 344) Time forRevampingtheBuilding

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First American Title Insurance Company, and the operating divisions thereof, make no express or implied warranty respecting the information presented and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. First American, the eagle logo, and First American Title are registered trademarks or trademarks of First American Financial Corporation and/or its affiliates. ©2017 First American Financial Corporation and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. NYSE:FAF www.hk-lawyer.org Hong Kong Lawyer 香港律師 The official journal of The Law Society of Hong Kong (incorporated with limited liability) 香港律師會 (以有限法律責任形式成立) 會刊 HONG KONG LAWYER www.hk-lawyer.org THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE LAW SOCIETY OF HONG KONG 香港律師會會刊 Editorial Board 編輯委員會 Chairman 主席 Huen Wong 王桂壎 Inside your January issue Jenkin SF Chan 陳少勳一月期刊內容 Nick Chan 陳曉峰 Peter CH Chan 陳志軒 Heidi KP Chu 朱潔冰 Elliot Fung 馮以德 Steven Brian Gallagher Warren P Ganesh 莊偉倫 Gu Minkang 顧敏康 Julienne Jen 任文慧 Dave CK Lau 劉子勁 Byron TW Leung 梁東華 George YC Mok 莫玄熾 Michelle KM Tsang 曾憲薇 Adamas KS Wong 黃嘉晟 Tony YH Yen 嚴元浩 16 COVER STORY THE COUNCIL OF THE LAW SOCIETY OF HONG KONG 香港律師會理事會 President 會長 Thomas ST So 蘇紹聰 Vice Presidents 副會長 Melissa K Pang 彭韻僖 Amirali B Nasir 黎雅明 Council Members 理事會成員 Stephen WS Hung 熊運信 Huen Wong 王桂壎 Michael J Lintern-Smith 史密夫 Billy WY Ma 馬華潤 Cecilia KW Wong 黃吳潔華 34 TRUST Brian W Gilchrist 喬柏仁 Denis G Brock 白樂德 Nick Chan 陳曉峰 Bonita BY Chan 陳寶儀 Mark Daly 帝理邁 CM Chan 陳澤銘 Serina KS Chan 陳潔心 Warren P Ganesh 莊偉倫 Simon SC Lai 黎壽昌 40 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Roden ML Tong 湯文龍 Robert C Rhoda 羅睿德 Jonathan Ross 羅彰南 4 EDITOR’S NOTE 編者的話 Secretary General 秘書長 6 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 會長的話 Heidi KP Chu 朱潔冰 9 CONTRIBUTORS 投稿者 Law Society’s Contact: www.hklawsoc.org.hk 與律師會聯繫 Tel: +852 2846 0500 12 FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理事會議題 Annual Subscription 全年訂閱: HK$3,696 4 1 FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律師會秘書處資訊 Thomson Reuters Hong Kong Limited 16/F, Cityplaza 3, Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong 16 COVER STORY 封面專題 Tel: +852 2847 2088 Face to Face with 專訪 www.thomsonreuters.com Lord Pannick QC 彭力克勳爵 QC ISSN 1025-9554 22 LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞 © Copyright is reserved throughout. No part of this publication can be reproduced in whole or 34 TRUST LAW 信托法 part without the express permission of the editor. Hong Kong as a Trust Hub: Can a Settlor Maintain 香港作為一個信託中心：財產授予人是 Contributions are invited, but copies of work should be kept, as Hong Kong Lawyer can accept no Control and Avoid an Illusory or Sham Trust? 否可以維持控制權並避免存在虛假或偽 responsibility for loss. 裝信託？ 40 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 行政及憲法 Why do Officials Swear (an Oath)? 公職人員為何宣誓？ January 2018 二零一八年一月 HK$308

Editor 編輯 46 LAND LAW 土地法 Navin G. Ahuja Time for Revamping the Building Management 修訂《建築物管理條例》（第344章）的時刻 [email protected] Ordinance (Cap. 344) 來臨 Tel: +852 2841 5837 50 INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業界透視 Managing Editor 執行主編 Ranajit Dam 鄧文杰 58 CASES IN BRIEF 案例撮要 [email protected] Tel: +65 6870 3393 68 PRACTICE MANAGEMENT 執業管理 Five Techniques for Improving Profitability in 提高小型律師行利潤的五個技巧 Design and Production 設計及制作 Smaller Law Firms Samson Pang 彭振生 [email protected] 74 PRACTICE SKILLS 實踐技能 Translation team 翻譯組 Knowing what you do not know 懂得你不懂的 InfoPower 76 LEGAL MARKET 職場資訊 Tang Mei Kwan Legal In-House Positions to Create New 企業內部職位2018年創造新的就業機會 Special thanks to Hong Kong Law Reports & Headcount in 2018 Digest and Reuters News 特別感謝香港法律彙報與摘錄及 9 7 PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會員動向路透社新聞 82 CAMPUS VOICES 法學院新聞 For marketing/promotion opportunities 86 LEGAL TRIVIA QUIZ 法律知識測驗 please contact: Sales Manager 銷售經理 88 LAWYERS AT LEISURE 律師閒情 Henry Cheng 鄭裕康 Boxing – “The Sweet Science of Bruising” 拳擊 –「瘀傷的甜蜜科學」 [email protected] Tel: +852 2847 2016

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All information and views expressed by contributors and advertisements in Hong Kong Lawyer do not necessarily reflect the official opinion 68 PRACTICE MANAGEMENT of The Law Society of Hong Kong. Whilst every effort is made to ensure editorial and commercial integrity, no responsibility is accepted by the Publisher or The Law Society of Hong Kong for the accuracy of material appearing in this journal. Members are encouraged to contribute but the Editorial Board of The Law Society of Hong Kong reserves the right to publish only material it deems appropriate. 88 LAWYERS AT LEISURE

• January 2018

EDITOR’S NOTE 編者的話

Happy New Year to all our readers! The first issue of Hong Kong Lawyer 祝我們的讀者新年快樂! 《香港律師》在2018年的第一 in 2018 has a number of interesting and topical articles. The solicitor’s 期，有很多有趣和熱門的文章。律師在民事法律程序中 hourly rates for party and party taxation in civil proceedings which were 最後於1997年檢討的按小時計算的費用及各方訟費， last reviewed in 1997 have been revised by the Judiciary. The President’s 已由司法機構修訂。會長的話與大家分享了過時的訟費 Message shares the adverse impact the obsolete rates had on the 對成功當事人的利益，司法公正和香港作為一個國際爭 interests of successful litigants, access to justice and the status of Hong Kong as an international dispute resolution centre. The Law Society’s 議解決中心的地位所造成的不利影響。也透露了律師會 efforts involved in urging the Judiciary to update the obsolete rates are 推動司法機構更新過時訟費的工作。(第7頁) also revealed. (p.6) 土地法專欄是「修訂《建築物管理條例》(第344章)的 The land law feature “Time for Revamping the Building Management 時刻來臨」，該文將該條例與其他國家的類似法例作比 Ordinance (Cap. 344)” compares the Ordinance to similar legislation in 較，揭示如何改善條例。鑑於該條例自1993年以來並 other countries and reveals how the Ordinance can be improved. Such 沒有經過重大修訂，及香港有一半的人口居住在私人或 examination is important given that the Ordinance has not undergone substantial amendments since 1993 and half of the population in 資助房屋，而樓宇管理可能是一個難題，因此該審視是 Hong Kong is living in private or subsidized housing where building 重要的。(第48頁) management can be an issue. (p.46) 行政及憲法專欄「公職人員為何宣誓？」深入探討官 The constitutional law feature “Why do Officials Swear (an Oath)?” 員宣誓的歷史，從而了解「基本法」為何要求某些官員 digs into the history of official oaths so as to understand why the Basic (行政首長，高級官員，法官及行政立法兩會議員)應在 Law requires that certain officials (the Chief Executive, Senior Officials, 上任時誓言維護基本法並宣誓效忠中華人民共和國香港 Judges and Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils) should, 特別行政區。(第43頁) upon assuming office, take an oath to uphold the Basic Law and swear allegiance to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the 同樣值得注意的是，實踐技能一欄「懂得你不懂的」中 People’s Republic of China. (p.40) 討論了商業知識對於律師的重要性，因為單憑法律知識 Also noteworthy is The Practice Skills section “Knowing what you do 不足以贏得客戶或同一客戶的新工作，並提供一個實際 not know” which discusses the importance of business knowledge for 的例子。(第75頁) lawyers as knowledge of the law alone is not enough to win clients or new work and provides a practical example. (p.74) 以「一拳」為結束，律師閒情的部分採訪了Jonathan Crompton，他與大家分享了拳擊的經驗。(第83頁) Ending with a punch, the Leisure section features an interview with Jonathan Crompton who shares his experience with boxing. (p.82)

Navin G. Ahuja Navin G. Ahuja Editor, Hong Kong Lawyer 《香港律師》編輯 Legal Media Group Thomson Reuters Legal Media Group 湯森路透 [email protected] [email protected]

4 www.hk-lawyer.org

• January 2018 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 會長的話

A New Year Gift of Hong Kong as an international dispute resolved urgently. We had therefore resolution centre. tirelessly raised concerns about the Exactly one year ago in my Message outdated SHRs with the Judiciary. The Hong Kong prides itself in having a titled “20th Anniversary of SHRs” in the Law Society also commissioned an robust, efficient and fair legal system. January 2017 issue of Hong Kong Lawyer, I independent consultancy report in 2013 Public confidence in the legal system is wrote about the obsolete solicitors’ hourly (“2013 Report”) to study the level of built through various factors including, rates for party and party taxation in civil adjustments that should be made to the importantly, an expectation that there proceedings (“SHRs”). The SHRs were SHRs to reflect changes in the market is an effective mechanism to recover last reviewed in 1997 and had remained conditions. reasonable costs on the success of a static since then for 20 years. meritorious claim. A wide recoverability On the basis of the findings of the 2013 I am pleased to return to the same topic gap effectively penalises those who Report, the Law Society urged the in my January 2018 Message, with good have faith in our legal system and Judiciary to review and update the SHRs. news. choose to initiate proceedings here. The Judiciary responded by setting up a The Law Society’s effort over the past If this anomaly becomes the norm, Working Party in January 2014. We had years in urging the Judiciary to update the people will be discouraged to exercise monitored closely the work progress of obsolete SHRs has come to fruition. The their rights to seek justice by initiating the Judiciary’s Working Party and urged Judiciary has revised the SHRs with effect court proceedings and eventually it to progress the review expeditiously. from 1 January 2018. forced to settle with the counterparty We also reflected members’ comments on unfavourable terms even if they have on the review to the Working Party. For At the conclusion of a court case, the a strong case. This would result in a instance, we recently shared with the court will normally award costs to the denial of access to justice to individuals Working Party members’ observation on winning party. “Taxation of costs” by and corporations of different economic the faulty design of the questionnaire a taxing master will be required if the capacities. in the survey conducted by the Working litigating parties cannot reach agreement Party and the suitability of the survey The Law Society considered it important on the quantum of costs. SHRs are set for consultant. the purpose of taxation of costs on a party that the root of these problems be and party basis. They do not affect what the clients have agreed to pay to their own solicitors in accordance with their retainers. However, the ramifications of applying obsolete SHRs are far-reaching. They have adverse impact on the interests of successful litigants, access to justice and the status of Hong Kong as an international dispute resolution centre. Prior to the revision of the SHRs, the difference between the SHRs and the market rates could range from 15% to as much as 50%. What a successful litigant recovered from the losing party under a costs order, pursuant to the principle of “loser pays”, had become substantially insufficient to cover what he actually paid his solicitors. The widening recoverability gap had eroded the principle of “loser pays” and diminished the attractiveness

6 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE 會長的話

The Judiciary concluded its review at the end of 2017 and the revised SHRs came into 新年禮物 effect on 1 January 2018. The adjustments made by the Judiciary are close to the level 一年前2017年1月的「會長的話」以「律 recommended in the 2013 Report. However, those rates in the 2013 Report were rates recommended in 2013, which was five years ago. Nevertheless, it is still a step forward. 師每小時收費率20週年」為題，我談到 There is a substantial increment to the 1997 SHRs and our efforts have not been wasted. 檢討已過時的民事訴訟按訴訟各方對評基 The table below shows a comparison of the previous SHRs, the recommended rates in 準評定的律師每小時收費率(「收費評定 the 2013 Report and the new SHRs for the High Court and the District Court: 率」)。收費評定率自1997年檢討以來，已20年不變。 Post qualification Recommended SHRs in New SHRs (HK$) experience of Old SHRs (HK$) 我很高興在2018年1月的「會長的話」中 2013 Report (HK$) from 1 Jan 2018 solicitors 就此議題帶來好消息。

High Court 律師會過去幾年致力推動司法機構更新已 Over 15 Years – 5,500 to 6,000 5,800 過時的收費評定率的努力取得成果。司法機構已修訂收費評定率，由2018年1月1 9 -14 years 9 - 15 years Over 10 Years 3,200 to 4,000 4,900 to 5,700 5,200 日起生效。

7 – 8 Years 2,900 to 3,500 4,300 to 4,900 4,500 在案件審訊結束時，法庭通常會向勝訴方判給訟費。如訴訟雙方未能就訟費的數 5 – 6 Years 2,400 to 3,000 3,600 to 4,200 3,900 額達成共識，則需要由訟費評定官評定訟 2 – 4 Years 2,000 to 2,500 3,100 to 3,600 3,200 費。收費評定率是針對按訴訟各方對評基 Newly Admitted 1,600 to 2,000 2,500 to 2,900 2,600 準評定，而不影響客戶聘用律師時同意支付律師的費用。然而，採用過時的收費評 District Court 定率影響是深遠，對勝訴人的利益、司法 Over 15 Years – 3,667 to 4,000 3,860 公正和香港作為國際爭議解決中心的地位 9 -14 years 9 - 15 years 產生不利影響。 Over 10 Years 2,100 to 2,600 3,260 to 3,800 3,460 在修訂收費評定率前，收費評定率與市場 7 – 8 Years 1,900 to 2,300 2,860 to 3,200 3,000 收費的差距，可達15%至50%。根據「敗 5 – 6 Years 1,600 to 2,000 2,400 to 2,800 2,600 訴方支付訟費」原則，勝訴方根據訟費令從敗訴方獲得的訟費，實質上不足以支付 2 – 4 Years 1,350 to 1,650 2,060 to 2,400 2,130 其實際支付給律師的費用。這個差距不斷 Newly Admitted 1,066 to 1,280 1,670 to 2,000 1,730 擴大，令「敗訴方支付訟費」的原則失卻意義，亦削弱了香港作為國際爭議解決中心的吸引力。 Going forward, the Law Society will closely monitor the implementation of a regular review mechanism of SHRs. Never do we wish to see another 20th anniversary of SHRs! 香港以擁有健全、有效和公平的法律制度自豪。公眾對法律制度的信心通過各種因 Further, the Law Society is looking at other fixed costs that need to be reviewed and updated. One of them is the fixed costs for matrimonial causes under the District Court 素建立起來，其中重要的，是期望有收回 (Fixed Costs in Matrimonial Causes) Rules. The last review of these fixed costs was 17 合理訟費的有效機制。收費評定率與市場 years ago in 2000. It is time for an update. We will follow up with the Judiciary on the 收費的差距大，相等於懲罰相信法律制 progress of the review. 度、選擇在此提起訴訟的人。若這種異常 As we step into 2018, may I take this opportunity to wish all readers a healthy and 現象成為常態，人們即使有充分的理據， prosperous year ahead! 也將不願通過提起訴訟來行使尋求正義的權利，被迫答應不利條件進行和解。這將導致經濟能力不等的個人和企業不能訴諸司法。

律師會認為急需解決問題的根源，因而不斷向司法機構反映，對收費評定率過時表

Thomas So, President 示疑慮。律師會亦於2013年委託獨立顧

www.hk-lawyer.org 7 • January 2018

問撰寫報告(《2013年報告》)，研究收費評定率應作出的調整水平，以反映市場狀況的變化。

律師會根據《2013年報告》的結果，促請司法機構檢討及更新收費評定率。司法機構於 2014年1月就此成立工作小組。我們一直密切監察司法機構工作小組的進度，並促請小組盡快進行檢討。我們也向工作小組反映會員對檢討的意見。例如，我們最近就工作小組的問卷調查設計錯誤和研究顧問的適合性，與工作小組分享了會員的觀察。

司法機構於2017年年底完成檢討工作，經修訂的收費評定率於2018年1月1日生效。調整後的收費評定率接近《2013年報告》建議的水平。然而，《2013年報告》建議的收費率已經是5年前。儘管如此，是次調整仍然是一次進步，收費評定率較1997年增幅不少，我們的努力沒有浪費。

下表列出高等法院及區域法院舊有的收費評定率、《2013年報告》建議的收費評定率以及的新的收費評定率：

2018年1月1日起舊有的收費評定率 2013年報告建議的執業年資生效的收費評定率 (港元) 收費評定率 (港元) (港元) 高等法院

超過15年 – 5,500 至 6,000 5,800

9 -14年 9 - 15年超過10年 3,200 至 4,000 4,900 至 5,700 5,200

7 - 8年 2,900 至 3,500 4,300 至 4,900 4,500 5 - 6年 2,400 至 3,000 3,600 至 4,200 3,900 2 - 4年 2,000 至 2,500 3,100 至 3,600 3,200 新獲律師資格者 1,600 至 2,000 2,500 至 2,900 2,600 區域法院

超過15年 – 3,667 to 4,000 3,860

9 -14年 9 - 15年超過10年 2,100 至 2,600 3,260 至 3,800 3,460

7 - 8年 1,900 至 2,300 2,860 至 3,200 3,000 5 - 6年 1,600 至 2,000 2,400 至 2,800 2,600 2 - 4年 1,350 至 1,650 2,060 至 2,400 2,130 新獲律師資格者 1,066 至 1,280 1,670 至 2,000 1,730

展望未來，律師會將密切監察收費評定率定期檢討機制的推行情況。我們絕不希望看到收費評定率再次20年不變！

此外，律師會正研究需要檢討和更新的其他固定成本，包括《區域法院(婚姻訴訟定額訟費)規則》下的婚姻訴訟定額訟費。該等定額頌費上次檢討已是17年前(2000年)，是時候進行更新。我們會向司法機構跟進檢討進度。

踏入2018年，我藉此祝所有讀者身體健康，欣欣向榮！

蘇紹聰會長

8 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • CONTRIBUTORS 投稿者

CONTRIBUTORS 投稿者

Philip J. Dykes SC 戴啟思 Bernacchi Chambers, Barrister-at-Law Bernacchi Chambers 資深大律師 Philip Dykes was born in Warrington, Lancashire in 戴啟思於1953年在蘭開夏郡的沃靈頓出 1953. He was educated at St. John Rigby Grammar 生。1972年至1975年期間，他在威根的 School, Wigan and Lincoln College, Oxford University St. John Rigby Grammar School 及牛津大 between 1972 and 1975 where he read English Language 學林肯學院學習英國語言及文學。1977 and Literature. He was called to the Bar in 1977 and 年，他獲認許為大律師，並在香港御用大 practised on the Northern Circuit from the chambers 律師Goddard的曼徹斯特辦公廳內就北方 of H.K. Goddard Q.C. in Manchester. He came to 巡回法庭事務工作。他於1985年來港， Hong Kong in 1985 and joined the Attorney General’s Chambers. Between 1989 and 1991 he was an Assistant 加入律政司辦公廳。在1989年至1991年 Solicitor General with special responsibilities for human 間，他擔任助理律政專員(法律政策)，主 rights and constitutional affairs. He left government 要負責人權和憲制事務。他於1991年離 service in 1991 and joined the chambers of Denis 開政府部門，加入張健利資深大律師辦公 Chang, S.C. He took silk in 1997. He has served in the 廳。他在1997年成為御用大律師。曾在 Hong Kong Bar Council for a number of years and was 香港大律師公會執行委員會任職多年，並 elected Vice-Chairman in 1999, 2000, 2003 & 2004 and 於1999年，2000年，2003年及2004年 Chairman in 2005 and 2006. He ceased to be Chairman 當選為副主席及於2005年和2006年當主 in January 2007. 席。他在2007年1月辭任主席。

Seung Chong Seung Chong Alakriti Limited, Corporate and Family Office Services Alakriti Limited，企業和家庭辦公室服務 Alakriti Limited為客戶提供企業和家族辦公室服務。與客戶的 Alakriti Limited provides Corporate and Family Office services to clients. Working with a client’s legal adviser, we provide 法律顧問一起協合作，我們為企業，企業家，家族辦公室和 transaction-driven solutions to Businesses, Entrepreneurs, Family 私募股權基金提供有利交易的解決方案。請聯繫info@alakriti. Offices and Private Equity Funds. For more information, please co 獲取更多資訊。 contact [email protected].

www.hk-lawyer.org 9 • January 2018

Marta Verderosa Marta Verderosa Michael Page Hong Kong, Manager – Legal Michael Page Hong Kong， Marta has five years of legal recruitment experience 經理 ﹣ 法律業 with a dedicated focus on private practice in Michael Marta擁有5年法律招聘經驗，在Michael Page Hong Kong. She has extensive experience Page Hong Kong專注於私人執業。她在招 in the placement of lawyers covering all areas of 聘各執業領域律師方面擁有豐富經驗，從 practice from the newly qualified up to partner 新獲取資格律師至合夥人級別均有涉獵。 level. Her team of four recruiters work with Hong 她旗下4名招聘人員為香港律師行、國際企 Kong law firms, international firms as well as financial institution clients recruiting qualified legal 業及金融機構客戶招聘合格的法律專業人 professionals. Marta graduated from her LLM cum 員。Marta以優異成績取得法學碩士學位， laude and worked in a leading global insurance 加入Michael Page之前曾在一間全球領先的 company in Hong Kong before joining Michael Page. 保險公司工作。

Alan Hodgart Alan Hodgart Hodgart Associates Ltd, Managing Director Hodgart Associates Ltd 董事總經理 Mr. Hodgart is recognised as a leading strategic Hodgart先生作為全球多個專業服務機構的資 change consultant to professional service firms 深策略變更顧問，其客戶群包括：許多國家中 globally. His client base includes leading firms in 的大型專業服務機構(涉及各個主要專業範疇) all major professions and a wide range of smaller ，以及範圍廣泛的小型至中端市場企業，而 to mid-market firms in many countries. The legal 法律市場是一個格外受關注的範疇。Hodgart market is a particular area of focus. He works with 先生為全球各地區(包括亞太區)的客戶提供服 clients throughout the world, including in the Asia Pacific. 務。 Mr. Hodgart has written extensively on management Hodgart先生亦不時發表文章，論述各專業服 issues facing professional firms. His two most recent 務機構所面對的管理問題。他的兩本最近期著 books are Organizational Culture in Law Firms (Ark, 作分別為：Organizational Culture in Law Firms 2012) and Strategies and Practice in Law firm Mergers (Ark, 2012)；及Strategies and Practice in Law (Legalease, 2005). firm Mergers (Legalease, 2005) 。 Prior to his career as a consultant, he had a 在擔任現時的顧問工作以前，Mr.Hodgart是一 successful career as a professional cyclist. 位出色的單車職業運動員。

10 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • CONTRIBUTORS 投稿者

Katie Chung Katie Chung Norton Rose Fulbright, Of Counsel 諾頓羅氏富布萊特香港顧問 Katie Chung is an international disputes and arbitration Katie Chung是一位駐新加坡和香港的國 lawyer based in Singapore and Hong Kong. 際爭議和仲裁律師。 Katie has advised and represented clients in arbitrations Katie已經為國際商會，香港國際仲裁 conducted under the ICC, HKIAC, SIAC and UNCITRAL 中心，新加坡國際仲裁中心和《聯合國 Rules, as well as in ad hoc proceedings including those 國際貿易法委員會仲裁規則》的仲裁以 under the Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996. 及包括1996年印度仲裁和調解法案在 These disputes involve a wide range of applicable laws. The arbitrations generally have an Asian element and arise out 內的專案訴訟中的客戶提供諮詢和代理 of diverse subject matters, including infrastucture, mining, 服務。這些爭議涉及廣泛的適用法律。 oil & gas, power generation, real estate investment and 仲裁一般具有亞洲元素，由多個主題引 renewable energy. Katie has particular expertise in energy 發，其中包括基礎建設，採礦，石油及 and infrastructure disputes. Katie also sits regularly as an 天然氣，發電，房地產投資和可再生能 arbitrator. 源。Katie在能源和基礎建設糾紛方面有 Katie is the Singapore Representative of the Asia-Pacific 特別的專長。Katie也經常擔任仲裁員。 Forum for International Arbitration (AFIA) and a member of AFIA’s Publications Sub-Committee. She is an associate Katie是亞太國際仲裁論壇(AFIA)的新 editor of the Singapore Law Blog. Katie frequently 加坡代表，也是AFIA出版小組委員會 publishes articles and case notes on issues in international 的成員。她是新加坡法律博客的副編 arbitration and investor-state arbitration. 輯。Katie經常在國際仲裁和投資者-國家仲裁的問題上發表文章和案例闡釋。

Doreen Kong 江玉歡 Reed Smith Richards Butler, Partner 禮德齊伯禮律師行合夥人 Doreen’s primary area of practice is Hong Kong real estate 江女士的主要專業領域是香港房地產銷 sales and acquisition, leasing, real estate development 售和收購，租賃，房地產開發和金融。 and finance. She also frequently acts for clients in advisory matters involving land and real estate issues. 她也經常在涉及土地和房地產問題的諮 Her clients include multi-international clients, local listed 詢事務中作為客戶的律師。 companies, banks and financial institutions, developers and 其客戶包括國際客戶，本地上市公司， property investors. 銀行和金融機構，開發商和房地產投資者。

Jonathan Crompton Jonathan Crompton RPC, Partner RPC 合夥人 Jonathan is a Partner of RPC, advising clients in litigation Jonathan Crompton是RPC的合夥人， before national courts, in arbitrations and in direct 向客戶在國家法院的訴訟，仲裁及直接 settlement negotiations. 和解談判中提供諮詢。 He helps clients navigate complex cross-border disputes, 他幫助客戶處理複雜的跨境糾紛，專門 specialising in litigation and investigations involving the financial services industry. He also has extensive experience 從事涉及金融服務行業的訴訟和調查。 representing licensed corporations and individuals in 他在證券及期貨事務監察委員會的調查 investigations by the Securities and Futures Commission. 方面亦有豐富的代表持牌法團及個人的經驗。

www.hk-lawyer.org 11 • January 2018

FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理事會議題

CONSULTATION ON DELISTING AND OTHER 有關除牌及《上市規則》其他修訂的 RULE AMENDMENTS 諮詢 The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (“SEHK”) on 22 September 香港聯合交易所(「聯交所」)於2017年9月22日發表 2017 released a consultation paper on the delisting procedures in Hong 了有關除牌程序的諮詢文件。於該諮詢文件，聯交所 Kong. For this consultation, SEHK proposes to amend the Listing Rules 建議修訂《上市規則》以(a)新增一項除牌準則，令 to (a) add a separate rule to allow SEHK to delist an issuer after its 聯交所可在發行人持續停牌滿一段時間（建議為12 continuous suspension for a fixed period (proposed to be 12, 18 or 24 、18 或 24 個月）後將其除牌；及(b)制定一套為現 months); and (b) specify a delisting process that will apply to all the 行所有除牌準則適用的除牌程序。現行除牌準則包 existing delisting criteria: (i) insufficient public float, (ii) insufficient level of operations, (iii) insufficient assets for the continued operation of the 括：(i)公眾持股量不足；(ii)沒有足夠的業務運作；(iii) issuer; and (iv) unsuitable for continued listing. SEHK has the discretion 發行人沒有相當價值的資產以保證其證券可繼續上 to invoke either (a) or (b) above for the delisting of a listed issuer. There 市；及(iv) 其業務不再適合上市。聯交所可引用(a)或 are other proposed amendments which seek to ensure consistency in the (b)將發行人除牌。聯交所亦建議了其他修訂，以確 delisting process under both Main Board and GEM Rules. 保主板及創業板《上市規則》的除牌程序保持一致。 By the proposed amendments, the SEHK aims to deal with the 聯交所建議的修訂旨在解決發行人上市證券長時間暫 prolonged suspension of trading in issuers’ listed securities, which prevents the proper functioning of the market. 停買賣的問題，防止發行人長時間停牌窒礙市場正常運作。 The Law Society supports the proposed amendments to the Listing Rules. A copy of the submissions can be found on the Law Society’s 律師會審視了《上市規則》的建議修訂。意見書的全 website: 文，可瀏覽律師會網站： http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/submissions/20171122a.pdf http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ submissions/20171122a.pdf

12 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • FROM THE COUNCIL TABLE 理事會議題

CONSULTATION ON CAPITAL RAISINGS BY 有關上市發行人集資活動的諮詢 LISTED ISSUERS 雖然大部分發行人上市後的集資活動並無導致嚴重的監 Whilst capital raising activities by most listed issuers did not give rise to 管問題，但香港聯合交易所有限公司(「聯交所」)認為 material regulatory issues, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited 上市發行人集資的結構或上市發行人現採用的做法，包 (“SEHK”) considers that the structure or current practices of listed 括以大幅折讓價格進行的上市後集資活動以及股份合併 issuers in capital raisings, such as deeply discounted fund raisings 及分拆，會大幅攤薄公眾股東的投票權及投資價值。 and share consolidations and subdivisions, have materially diluted the voting rights and value of the public shareholders’ investment. 為確保所有股東得到公平及平等對待並維持有秩序的證券交易市場，聯交所建議禁止見高度攤薄效應的集資活 In the interest of ensuring fair and equal treatment for all shareholders 動，包括：所有（個別計算或12個月（滾動計算）期 and maintaining an orderly market for securities trading, SEHK proposes to disallow highly dilutive capital raising activities, which 內合計）會令累計價值攤薄效應達25%或以上的供股、 include rights issues, open offers and specific mandate placings 公開招股及特定授權配售，但特殊情況（例如發行人出 (individually or when aggregated within a rolling 12-month period) that 現財政困難）除外。聯交所就此於2017年9月22日發 would result in a cumulative value dilution of 25% or more, unless there 表諮詢文件，徵詢各界意見。 are exceptional circumstances, e.g., the issuer is in financial difficulty. A consultation paper on the above was issued by SEHK on 22 September 聯交所亦建議： 2017 to seek views. a) 廢除進行供股及公開招股須獲包銷的規定，但若發 The SEHK also proposes to:- 行人決定委聘包銷商，包銷商須為獲認可進行《證券及期貨條例》（第571章）第1類受規管活動的人 a) remove the compulsory underwriting requirement for all rights issue 士； and open offers, but if the issuer decides to engage underwriters, the underwriters should be persons licensed to carry out type 1 b)制限使用一般性授權以發行配售權證和配售可換股 regulated activities under the Securities and Futures Ordinance 證券； (Cap. 571); c) 要求發行人在中期報告及年報披露股本集資所得款 b) restrict the use of general mandate for issue of warrants and placing 項的用途；及 of convertible securities; d) 規定發行人必須採用額外申請安排或補償安排以處 c) require disclosure on the use of proceeds from equity fundraisings in 理在供股或公開招股中未被認購的股份。 issuers’ interim and annual reports; and d) require issuers to adopt either excess application arrangements 理事會在律師會公司法委員會協助下審視了該諮詢文 or compensatory arrangements for the disposal of unsubscribed 件。律師會支持對《上市規則》的建議修訂。意書見的 shares in rights issues and open offers. 全文，請瀏覽： The above consultation was considered by Council with the assistance http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/ of the Company Law Committee of the Law Society. The proposed submissions/20171122.pdf amendments to the Listing Rules are supported. A copy of the submissions can be found on the Law Society’s website: http://www.hklawsoc.org.hk/pub_e/news/submissions/20171122.pdf

www.hk-lawyer.org 13 • January 2018

FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律師會秘書處資訊

Ms. Heidi Chu, Secretary General 秘書長朱潔冰律師

Lost in Translation 譯求逮意

The circulation of Hong Kong Lawyer covers not only legal practitioners 《香港律師》的讀者不僅包括香港的法律從業人 in Hong Kong, but also those around the world. The journal’s bilingual 員，亦有世界各地的法律界人士。期刊的雙語內容 content attracts readers from both the English and the Chinese speaking communities, including our counterparts in Mainland China, Taiwan and 吸引了包括中國大陸、台灣和澳門(「地區」)在內 Macau (the “Region”). 的中、英語同業閱讀。 With the opening up of the legal service market in the Region, there are 隨著地區內的法律服務市場開放，法律界與說中 many opportunities for our legal profession to interact with Chinese-speaking 文的律師互動的機會良多。大多數同業中文水平優 lawyers. Most practitioners have excellent Chinese language skills and 秀，語言能力不是問題。相反，互動產生的主要問 language proficiency is not an issue. Rather, the major issue arising from 題，是《法律執業者條例》中barrister一詞的法定 such interaction is the confusion and resulting misconception caused by the statutory Chinese translation of “barrister” as “大律師” (big lawyer) in the 中文翻譯「大律師」造成混淆及誤解。 Legal Practitioners Ordinance. 與區內其他司法管轄區不同，香港的法律專業分 Unlike the other jurisdictions in the Region, Hong Kong maintains a split legal 流。律師分為律師和大律師兩種。仔細看兩個分流 profession. Lawyers are divided into two distinct branches - solicitors and 取得資格的過程及工作性質和範圍，就可看出詞不 barristers. A closer look at the qualification route and the nature and scope of 達意。 work of each branch will explain how much has been lost in the translation. First, the academic requirements for intending solicitors and barristers in 首先，香港對律師和大律師的學歷要求是一樣的， Hong Kong are the same. Both are required to complete a qualifying law 進入在職訓練之前，兩者都必須完成合資格的法律 degree and the postgraduate certificate in laws course before entering into 學位和法學專業證書。其次，大律師的在職訓練期 the vocational training stage. Second, the vocational training period for 比實習律師短。在獲取資格前，準律師必須在律師 intending barristers is shorter than that required of a trainee solicitor. To 行完成兩年的實習期；而成為大律師前，準大律師 be admitted as a solicitor, one must complete two years of training in a law firm, whereas for admission as a barrister, one must complete six months of 必須在大律師事務所完成六個月的實習期。 pupilage in a barrister’s chambers. 律師從事資本市場、銀行金融、併購、房地產建 Solicitors engage in a wide range of legal services relating to capital markets, 築、家庭和遺囑、爭議解決等多方面的法律服務。 banking and finance, mergers and acquisitions, real estate and construction, family and probate, dispute resolution and many other areas. 過去一個重要區別，是大律師在較高級法院(即原訟法庭及以上)有出庭發言權，而律師卻沒有這個權 One important distinction in the past was that barristers had higher rights of audience, i.e. the Court of First Instance and above, while solicitors did not 利。然而，自2012年起，隨著法律的修訂和引入 have such rights. However, since 2012, with the amendments to the law and 評估制度，符合條件的律師可以通過豁免或評估獲 the introduction of an assessment regime, eligible solicitors are able to gain 得出庭發言權，在高等法院和終審法院以訟辯律師 rights of audience through either the exemption or the assessment route and 的身份出庭。律師獲得較高級法院的出庭發言權， appear as Solicitor Advocates before the High Court and the Court of Final 可以擔任以往大律師專有的訟辯工作。 Appeal. With solicitors gaining higher rights of audience, solicitors are able to take up the advocacy work that was previously reserved for barristers. 除了出庭訟辯外，律師多年來也積極參與仲裁工 Apart from advocacy in court, solicitors have also been actively involved in 作。許多律師專門從事某些法律領域，有些專攻的

14 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • FROM THE SECRETARIAT 律師會秘書處資訊

arbitration-related advocacy work for years. Many solicitors specialise in various 程度與該領域的大律師一樣。 fields of law, and some are as specialised as any barrister in the same field. 自1996年起，英國已開始接受律師申請出任 Since 1996, England and Wales has started to accept applications from solicitors 御用大律師，律師早於1997年就獲此榮譽。在 for appointments as Queen’s Counsel and solicitors were awarded the honour 2017/18年度，五名訟辯律師被任命為英國御 as early as in 1997. For 2017/18, five solicitor advocates were recently appointed Queen’s Counsel in England and Wales. 用大律師。 Section 31A of Hong Kong’s Legal Practitioners Ordinance currently provides 《法律執業者條例》第31A條規定資深大律師 for the eligibility requirements for the appointment as a Senior Counsel, and 的委任資格要求，只有大律師才合資格獲委 only barristers are eligible to be so appointed. The Law Society addresses this 任。律師會建議修訂第31A條，讓擁有所需經 anomaly by proposing amendments to section 31A to allow solicitor advocates 驗及訟辯地位的訟辯律師，亦享有獲委任資深 who have the requisite experience and standing in advocacy work to enjoy the same opportunity to be accorded the status of “Senior Counsel”. 大律師的同等機會，以糾正現時的不合理情況。 Not only is there no distinction in seniority between the two branches of the profession, the academic qualifications and the nature and scope of work of both 法律界兩個分流不僅資歷上沒有區別，它們的 branches are similar and to some extent overlap with one another. 學歷、以至工作性質和範圍也接近，甚至一定 Yet, the misconceived seniority of one branch over the other comes when a 程度上互相重疊。 solicitor and a barrister are introduced together in Chinese. The solicitor is introduced as ‘lawyer’, while the barrister is introduced as ‘big lawyer’. As a result, 然而，用中文介紹律師和大律師時，人們就會 the solicitor will immediately and automatically be perceived as of a junior grade 對他們的資歷錯誤理解，律師自動被視為比大 to the barrister. This is solely caused by the Chinese translation and wholly unfair 律師資歷淺。這完全是中文翻譯造成的誤解， to the solicitor especially in professional networking occasions when he simply 對律師絕不公道，尤其是在專業社交場合，律 has no chance to correct any misunderstanding. 師根本沒有機會糾正誤會。 Unfortunately, the Chinese translation is an official term provided for in the Ordinance and to change it requires consensus from all relevant stakeholders, 不幸地，條例已定明這個詞語的官方中文翻 which can be a challenge. It therefore falls on those who see the unfairness to 譯，必須所有持份者有共識才能更改，這可能 actively educate others who are unfamiliar with the structure of a split legal 是個挑戰。因此，有賴那些看到箇中不公的人 profession about the true position of the two branches, and make up for what has 士，教育不熟悉法律界分流者，讓他們認識兩 been lost in translation. 個分流的真實地位，彌補翻譯的錯漏。

Monthly Statistics on the Profession 業界每月統計資料 (updated as of 30 November 2017): (截至2017年11月30日)：

Members (with or without Practising Certificate) 10,783 會員(持有或不持有執業證書) 10,783 Members with Practising Certificate 9,447 持有執業證書的會員 9,447 (out of whom, 6,939 (73%) are in private practice) (當中有6,939位 (73%) 是私人執業) Trainee Solicitors 1,071 實習律師 1,071 Registered Foreign Lawyers 1,416 註冊外地律師 1,416 (from 34 jurisdictions) (來自34個司法管轄區) Hong Kong Law Firms 892 (47% are sole proprietorships and 香港律師行 892 (獨資經營佔47%，2至5名合夥人的 42% are firms with 2 to 5 partners, 19 are limited liability 律師行佔42%，19間為按照《法律執業者條例》 partnerships formed pursuant to the Legal Practitioners Ordinance) 組成的有限法律責任合夥律師行) Registered Foreign Law Firms 85 (13 are limited liability partnerships formed 註冊外地律師行 85 (13間為按照《法律執業者條例》 pursuant to the Legal Practitioners Ordinance) 組成的有限法律責任合夥律師行) Civil Celebrants of Marriages 2,082 婚姻監禮人 2,082 Reverse Mortgage Counsellors 445 安老按揭輔導法律顧問 445 Solicitor Advocates 49 訟辯律師 49 (44 in civil proceedings, 5 in criminal proceedings) (民事程序：44位，刑事程序：5位) Student Members 306 學生會員 306 Registered Associations between Hong Kong law firms and 39 香港律師行與外地律師行 39 registered foreign law firms (including Mainland law firms) (包括內地律師行)在香港聯營

www.hk-lawyer.org 15 • January 2018

16 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • COVER STORY 封面專題

Face to Face with Lord Pannick QC

By Navin G. Ahuja

Lord Pannick QC was in Hong Kong to discuss how Brexit is in danger of making the United Kingdom one country with no system. He delivered the Keynote Speech “Miller – The Judgment and Beyond” on Saturday, 2 December 2017 at the Brexit Conference “Impact of Brexit on the Development of Common Law, Dispute Resolution and Judicial Co- operation in Civil and Commercial Matters”. The conference was held at and organised by the Department of Justice. Lord Pannick commented on the decisions of the High Court and Supreme Court in R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union. He also shared his views on the post-Brexit development of the legal system of the United Kingdom, having regard to the European Union (Withdrawal) Bill published on 13 July 2017.

The Hong Kong Lawyer was fortunate to be able to interview Lord Pannick. The following is an edited summary of the interview.

Early Life and Career to be a barrister at about the age of 16. I would go to the Old Bailey to watch criminal The interview began with a discussion of Lord trials.” Pannick’s educational background and what made him want to enter the legal profession. The discussion then progressed to the topic of legal practice encompassing a broad “I went to Bancroft’s School in Woodford range of practice areas and how Lord Pannick Green, Essex - a fee-paying school, but in became specialised in several areas of law, in those days the local authority paid for a few particular, public law and human rights. scholarship students, of whom I was one. My parents were not wealthy. My father owned a “I started off as a pupil in Chancery shoe stall in Romford Market, and my mother Chambers. I did not like the work. There was worked as a secretary in a local school. One a lot of drafting variations to will trusts, with of their main ambitions in life was to provide very little court advocacy. So I managed me with the chance to succeed. Then on to to transfer to public law Chambers as the Hertford College, Oxford. I decided I wanted pupil of Michael Beloff. Anthony Lester QC

www.hk-lawyer.org 17 • January 2018

brought me into a case in the Privy and women simply because of their woman - is able to challenge the Council while I was a pupil: about the sexual orientation; acting for Princess legality of government conduct on the constitutionality of a mandatory death Diana in an Industrial Tribunal when most important issue of the day, and sentence in Singapore. So my first client she was sued by a domestic servant she have the issues argued in public before was hanged. I could only do better after had dismissed; acting for Debbie Purdy, independent judges who give a reasoned that.” in the last case before the Appellate judgment.” Committee of the House of Lords Lord Pannick then responded to the “The Miller case attracted enormous before its replacement by the United question whether there was any area of public attention. The Supreme Court Kingdom Supreme Court in 2009, and law he found to be of particular interest broadcasts its hearings on the Internet. establishing that the Director of Public and had yet to handle. “In theory it The viewing audience usually consists Prosecutions must produce guidelines would be fun to defend in a murder case only of the relatives of the lawyers on prosecutions for assisting in a suicide; at the Old Bailey - but not fun for my appearing in court. The Gina Miller case and, of course, the Gina Miller Brexit client. So I stick to appellate advocacy on is the first to attract a mass audience. case, where the Supreme Court decided points of law.” Every evening of the four day hearing, in January that an Act of Parliament is SkyNews produced a “highlights” Lord Pannick was then asked about a required before the United Kingdom can programme (“will your Lordships and comment he had made in 2013 that leave the EU.” Your Ladyship please turn to Bundle 18, he would feel nervous when going into tab 199?”). A betting company opened court as an advocate can never be sure Brexit a book on the result, the odds changing about what will happen in court. The discussion then turned to Brexit, in as the hearing progressed. I received a “There are very few good advocates particular, where Lord Pannick was the few e-mails from people who failed to who do not feel anxious before the case lead counsel for Mrs Miller in R (Miller) v understand the issues. I had “missed starts. A failure to do so often means Secretary of State for Exiting the European the main point”: the Queen had not arrogance, which can prove disastrous in Union [2017] 2 WLR 583 in which he was been consulted, and so I should call Her court. Happily, the nervousness usually successful in arguing that the Ministers Majesty as a witness. One anonymous disappears once you start the case and could not notify the United Kingdom’s correspondent expressed his or her the adrenalin kicks in.” intention to withdraw from the European views succinctly: “you are just a bunch Union under Article 50 of the Treaty Apart from Brexit, Lord Pannick has of slimeball lawyers”. But these were, I on European Union without express also had many other fascinating as well think, atypical of public understanding authorisation by an Act of Parliament as high-profile cases and spoke of his of the legal issues. The publicity for the before the UK Supreme Court. He most memorable cases he had been case did much to educate people about illustrated the importance of the case. instructed on. the virtues of our legal system.” “The Miller case was important because “I have been fortunate to argue cases Lord Pannick was then asked about the it reasserted Parliamentary sovereignty of real interest and importance not impact of Brexit on the UK legal system as the fundamental principle of the just in London and Hong Kong, but as well as Hong Kong and its legal UK legal system, as of course, we have in many jurisdictions (Strasbourg, profession. no Basic Law or other constitution. Luxembourg, Trinidad, Bermuda, the Ministers cannot change the law of the “It is very hard to assess the impact of Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Brunei, land by exercising the Royal Prerogative. Brexit because, at present, we have one for example). I was even once briefed The case is also important because it country, no systems. The Government to speak as a representative of the demonstrated that the rule of law, and is unable to decide how it wishes to International Basketball Association the independence of the judiciary, apply proceed. It is one thing to have difficulty at a sports body hearing in Acapulco, in practice as well as in theory in the UK reaching agreement with our EU Mexico (I was substantially shorter even in respect of the most contentious colleagues. It is quite another to have than the other representatives). Of my political issue of our generation.” a British Government so weak that it successes (I cannot bring myself to speak cannot reach agreement even within its of my failures, from some of which the “Under the common law system, the own Cabinet.” wounds are still raw) I most enjoyed Government cannot compel obedience Further, “I doubt that Brexit, whatever establishing in the European Court of to its views. It is a litigant in the courts, form it takes, will alter Hong Kong and Human Rights that it was a breach of the reliant on the skills of advocacy of its its legal profession. Hong Kong has its right to private life for the armed forces counsel, in Miller the considerable skills own developed legal system, skilled of the UK to dismiss gay servicemen of James Eadie QC. An ordinary citizen - well, Mrs Miller is an extraordinary lawyers, and expert and independent

18 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • COVER STORY 封面專題

judges led by an outstanding Chief And third, the speech that went through to them. Also bear in mind that a short Justice, Geoffrey Ma. Hong Kong law his mind after the case had finished: with presentation, provided it covers the rightly has regard to jurisprudence in devastating points he should have made relevant issues, is more likely to persuade other jurisdictions - as does the UK legal in court.” than a lengthy speech which loses the system - but the development of Hong attention of the judges.” Next, Lord Pannick shared some advice Kong law will be influenced far more by for advocates in Hong Kong who wish to Finally, Lord Pannick was asked about matters relevant to Hong Kong than by pursue a path similar to his. how he would like for his career to be what sort of agreement the UK reaches remembered when he finally retires. with the EU.” “My advice to aspiring advocates is that detailed preparation for each case is “Few advocates are remembered. The discussion then raised the question essential, and in court listening is as Submissions vanish into the air. I would as to whether the United Kingdom could important as speaking. Your task is to hope that those who know me will withdraw the notification given under persuade the court on behalf of your remember me with affection as well as Article 50 and remain in the EU, at least client, and you can best do that by respect.” n until the government decides what it taking note of the judge’s concerns and wishes to do. interests and doing your best to respond “A nineteenth century British Prime Minister, Lord Palmerston, said that the answer to the Schleswig-Holstein question was known by only three people: one was now mad, one was dead, and the third person was Lord Palmerston himself, but he had forgotten it. The only people who know whether a member state can unilaterally revoke an Article 50 notice of withdrawal are the judges of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Luxembourg. And they will not be telling us the answer unless and until our government or Parliament decides that it wants to revoke the notification. As we lawyers like to say, “See you in court.””

Advice for Readers The discussion then moved on to advice for readers. Lord Pannick was asked if he could go back in time, whether he would do anything different with regard to his career. “There are many cases I wish I had argued differently. Robert Jackson, the US lead prosecutor at the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal, and a Supreme Court justice, said that there were three types of speech he had in every case. First, the one he prepared in advance of the hearing, logical and coherent, covering all the issues. Second, the submissions he made in court, disjointed, stumbling and inadequate.

www.hk-lawyer.org 19 • January 2018

專訪彭力克勳爵 QC

作者 Navin G. Ahuja

彭力克勳爵於2017年12月2日(星期六)出席香港律師會的「英國脫歐對普通法發展、爭議解決和民事與商業司法合作的影響」會議，討論英國脫歐對英國制度的危機。彭力克勳爵評論高等法院和最高法院對R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union案作出的裁決，並就2017年7月13日發佈的《歐盟(撤回)法案》，分享對英國脫歐後法律制度發展的看法。彭力克勳爵接受《香港律師》訪問，以下是訪問摘要。

早年生活和事業學赫特福德學院。大約16歲時，我就決所以我設法轉至公法的大律師行，擔任彭力克勳爵首先談及他的教育背景及投定當大律師，我會去Old Bailey(中央刑事 Michael Beloff的實習生。還是實習大律身法律界的原因。他說：「我就讀埃塞法庭)看刑事審訊。」師時，Anthony Lester御用大律師帶領我處理了一宗樞密院案件。該案關乎新加克斯的Bancroft’s School。那是一所彭力克勳爵接著討論廣泛領域的法律執坡一宗死刑案的合憲性。我的第一個客私立學校，但政府資助了幾個獎學金學業，以及為何他專注於公法和人權法。生，我是其中一個。我的父母並不富戶被吊死了。我以後只會做得更好。」「起初我在Chancery Chambers當實習裕，父親在Romford市場經營鞋攤，母彭力克勳爵接著談及他特別感興趣但尚大律師，但我不喜歡那份工作，我整天親在當地一所學校當秘書。他們的願望未涉足的法律領域。草擬遺囑和信託，法庭訟辯機會很少。是給我成功的機會。後來我入讀牛津大

20 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • COVER STORY 封面專題

「理論上，在Old Bailey替謀殺案辯護會很案件很重要，也因為它展示了，即使面據第50條給予的通知，留在歐盟？有趣，但對客戶來說並不有趣，所以我一對我們這一代最爭議的政治問題，無論「19世紀的英國首相Lord Palmerston 直做上訴訟辯。」實踐和理論上，英國也擁有法治和司法說過，只有3個人知道Schleswig- 獨立。」他在2013年說過，上法庭時會感到緊 Holstein問題的答案：一個瘋了，一張，因為訟辯律師永遠不能確定法庭上會「在普通法制下，政府不能強迫人們順從個死了，另一個是Lord Palmerston本發生什麼事。他說：「很少好的訟辯律師其意見。法庭上，訴訟當事人有賴律師的人，但他忘記了。只有歐盟法院在盧在案件開始前不感到焦慮，否則往往代表訟辯技巧。在Miller案，當事人有賴James 森堡的法官，才知道成員國是否可以他很傲慢，而傲慢在法庭上可能是災難。 Eadie御用大律師的超凡技巧。Mrs Miller 單方面撤回第50條的退出通知。除非令人高興的是，一旦案件開始，腎上腺素是一個普通公民 – 她是個非凡的女士 – 英國政府或議會決定撤回通知，否則上升，緊張感覺通常就會隨之消失。」能夠挑戰政府在重大問題上的行為的合法他們不會告訴我們答案。正如律師喜性，在獨立的法官前公開爭論這些問題，除了英國脫歐，彭力克勳爵還處理過許多歡說: 留待法庭見。」由法官作出合理的判決。」引人入勝的矚目案件。寄語讀者「Miller案引起了公眾廣泛關注。最高法他說：「我很幸運，不僅在倫敦和香港，院在互聯網直播聆訊。法庭觀眾通常只若能回到過去，他在事業上是否會有亦在許多司法管轄區(例如斯特拉斯堡、盧有出庭的律師的親屬，而Gina Miller案是所不同?彭力克勳爵說：「回想很多森堡、特立尼達、百慕達、開曼群島、直首宗吸引大批觀眾的案件。4天聆訊的晚案件，我或會以不一樣的方法訟辯。布羅陀、汶萊)訟辯過重大案件，甚至有一上，SkyNews都製作了特備節目。博彩公紐倫堡戰爭罪行法庭的美國首席檢察次在墨西哥阿卡普爾科代表國際籃球協會司就聆訊結果開盤，賠率隨著聆訊進展變官兼最高法院法官Robert Jackson說出席聽證會(我比其他代表矮得多)。在處理化。我收到了一些不知就裡的人的電郵，過，每宗案件中他作出三種辯詞。第過的成功案件之中(我不想談失敗的案件，說我『抓不到重點』，說『女王沒有被徵一是他在審訊前準備的辯詞：有邏因為有些仍然令我憂傷)，我最享受的案件詢過，所以我應該叫女王陛下作證』。一輯、連貫、全面；第二是他在法庭上包括：在歐洲人權法院確立英軍因性取向位匿名記者簡潔地表達了看法：『你們只作出的辯詞：不協調、結結巴巴、內而解僱同性戀男、女軍人，屬侵犯私生活是一群傻瓜律師』。但是，我認為這些是容缺乏；第三是是案件結束後他腦海權；戴安娜王妃被解僱的傭人起訴，我在公眾對法律問題的非典型理解。這宗案件內的辯詞：反覆想著他在庭上應該說勞資審裁處代表戴安娜王妃；2009年代表的宣傳對於教育人們法律制度的美德有很的論點。」 Debbie Purdy，該案是上議院上訴委員會大幫助。」被英國最高法院取代前審理的最後一宗案接下來，彭力克勳爵向希望追求這條件，並確立刑事檢控專員應制定協助自殺彭力克勳爵接著被問及英國脫歐對英國法道路的香港訟辯律師提供了一些建的起訴準則；當然還有Gina Miller英國脫歐律制度以至香港及其法律界的影響。議。案，最高法院於1月份裁定，英國脫歐前必「很難評估英國脫歐的影響，因為目前我「我對有抱負的訟辯律師的建議是: 對須先獲議會法令通過。們有一個國家，卻沒有制度。政府無法決每宗案件均充分準備至關重要，在法庭上聆聽與說話同等重要。你的任務英國脫歐定如何進行。難以與歐盟達成協議是一回事，英國政府如此軟弱，甚至內閣裏也不是代表當事人說服法庭，要注意和盡討論轉向英國脫歐，尤其是彭力克勳爵是能達成協議，這又是另一回事。」力回應法官的關注點。還要記住，簡 R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting 短的介紹比冗長的講話更具說服力，此外，「不論英國脫歐與否，不論形 the European Union [2017] 2 WLR 583 後者會使法官失去注意力。」案中代表Mrs Miller的首席律師。在該案式如何，我懷疑都會改變香港及其法律最後，彭力克勳爵被問及退休後如何中，他成功爭辯部長未經議會法案明確授界。香港擁有健全的法律制度，經驗豐令人記得他的事業成就。權，不能通知英國最高法院英國根據《歐富的律師及由首席大法官馬道立領導的盟條約》第50條退出歐盟的打算。他說明專業獨立法官團隊。香港法律正確地考「很少訟辯律師能名垂青史。辯詞消了這宗案件的重要性。慮其他司法管轄區的判例 - 英國的法律失於空氣之中。我希望那些認識我的制度也如此 - 但與香港有關的事宜對香人以感情和尊重來記住我。」 n 「Miller案很重要，因為它重申了議會主權港的法律發展的影響，將遠遠超過英國是英國法律制度的基本原則，當然，我們與歐盟協議的影響。」沒有《基本法》或其他憲法。部長不能通過行使皇室特權來改變國家的法律。這宗在政府作出決定前，英國是否可以撤回根

www.hk-lawyer.org 21 • January 2018 LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞

2017 Annual Conference of Limited. They were joined by Council a panel discussion on “Innovation and In-House Lawyers Member Chan Chak Ming as the Regulation: the Role of In-House Lawyers moderator. The session highlighted what during the Transition to the Fintech Era”, The 2017 Annual Conference of In-House decision-makers expect from their in- was a topic of interest to many in the era Lawyers (“Conference”) was successfully house legal teams and positively affirmed of technology-driven financial market held on 29 September 2017 at the that no in-house legal team would be reforms. Mr. Nelson Chow, Chief FinTech Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition considered by the CEO as an expensive Officer, Hong Kong Monetary Authority Centre. The Conference brought together cost centre if the business was legally (“HKMA”), introduced the regulatory over 400 legal counsel, directors and well-supported. requirements and HKMA’s initiatives in presidents from various sectors and promoting Fintech development in Hong The morning session ended with the industries to discuss a variety of topics Kong, whereas Mr. Leiming Chen, General panel discussion on “Will Apology that in-house lawyers were interested in. Counsel & Senior Vice President, Ant Legislation make Saying Sorry Less Financial Services Group and Mr. Simson The keynote speech was given by Difficult?”. Speakers included Ms. Ada Chu, General Counsel, EMQ Limited, Secretary for Justice Rimsky Yuen who Chan, Commissioner of the Joint Dispute shared their views from the perspectives shared his thoughts on several important Resolution Strategy Office, HKSAR and of an in-house practitioner on the areas concerning in-house lawyers Mr. Roden Tong, Deputy CEO - Hong business environment and challenges including the changing role of in-house Kong & Head of Claims, Financial Lines facing Hong Kong in the Fintech industry. legal professionals, the Belt and Road - Asia, Berkley Insurance Company. Mr. Sebastian Ko, Regional Director, Initiative as well as Hong Kong’s role as a Mr. Michael Beckett, an experienced Document Review Services APAC, and leading centre for international legal and mediation trainer and practitioner was Legal Counsel, Epiq Systems was the dispute resolution. the moderator of the session. The panel moderator. The keynote speech was followed by a explained the objectives, coverage, panel discussion titled “Prelude: What application and implications of the newly The session was followed by the panel does the Top Management Expect from enacted Apology Ordinance, and the discussion on “Governance, Risk and the In-House Legal Team”. The speakers challenges ahead for Hong Kong having Compliance - Managing Sustainability were Mr. Lennard Yong, Regional CEO achieved the milestone to become the of an Organisation” where speakers and CEO Hong Kong, FTLife Insurance first jurisdiction in the Asia-Pacific region Ms. Pru Bennett, Director and Head of Company Limited and Ms. Astor Chan, to introduce apology legislation. Investment Stewardship, BlackRock and Mr. Kenneth Chan, Senior Vice President, CEO and Founder, Solution in One The first session after the lunch break,

(From left) Ms. Diana Hui, OC Chairlady, Council Members Serina Chan and Nick Chan, President Thomas So, The Conference was kicked off by President Thomas So Secretary for Justice Rimsky Yuen, Council Member CM Chan, the then IHLC Chairman Grand Chan, the then IHLC with the welcoming remarks. Vice-Chairlady Maggie Tsui, and IHLC Member Cerin Yip. 會長蘇紹聰律師致歡迎辭。 (左起) 籌委會主席許慧玲律師、理事會成員陳潔心律師及陳曉峰律師、會長蘇紹聰律師、律政司司長袁國強大律師、理事會成員陳澤銘律師、時任企業律師委員會主席陳浩良律師、時任副主席徐若婷律師及委員葉雅婷律師。

22 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞

公司法律總監及創辦人陳倩敏律師，小組討論由理事會成員陳澤銘律師擔任主持人，並探討決策者對企業律師團隊的期望，肯定了一支優秀的企業法律團隊不會被管理層視為昂貴的負擔。

上午的會議以題為「道歉會否使『對不起』三個字更易說出口」的小組討論作結。講者包括爭議解決政策統籌辦公室主任陳潔儀律師及Berkley Insurance Company副執行官-香港暨金融保險理賠主管-亞州湯文龍律師，主持為資深調解 Mr. Grand Chan, the then IHLC Chairman, greeted the We were honoured to be once again graced by the audience with his opening remarks. presence of Secretary for Justice Rimsky Yuen as the 訓練員及調解員Mr. Michael Beckett。小時任企業律師委員會主席陳浩良律師致開幕辭。 keynote speaker after the 2013 Conference. 律師會很榮幸邀得律政司司長袁國強大律師繼2013年組討論了新頒布之《道歉條例》的目的、會後再次發表主題演講。 Compliance and Monitoring, Listing 涵蓋範圍、應用及影響，以及香港成為亞 Department, Hong Kong Exchanges 太地區第一個引入道歉法的司法管轄區所 and Clearing Limited, together with 2017企業律師年會面對的挑戰。 moderator Ms. Agnes Tai, Director, 由科技牽起的金融市場改革的大環境下， Great Glory Investment Corporation, 2017企業律師年會(下稱「年會」)於 provided practical insights on corporate 2017年9月29日在香港會議展覽中心順不少入場人士都對午休之後首節，題為「 governance issues and HKEx/SFC 利舉行。年會匯集了逾400名來自各行創新與監管︰金融科技轉型期間企業律師 regulatory updates to the audience. 各業的律師、董事和總裁，探討多項企的角色」的小組討論感興趣。香港金融管 The Conference was concluded by the 業律師感興趣的課題。理局金融科技總監周文正先生介紹了對市 topic “Doing Business in Japan”. We were 場的監管要求和金管局推動香港金融科技 delighted to have Mr. Michael Chan, 律政司司長袁國強大律師發表主題演發展的措施，而螞蟻金融服務集團首席 Founder and Chairman, Innova Global 講，就有關企業律師的幾個重要範疇分法務官及高級副總裁陳磊明律師及EMQ Inc. and Mr. Masayuki Kamata, Document 享見解，包括企業法律專業人員的角色 Limited首席法律顧問朱澄賢律師則從企業 Review Team Lead, Japan, Epiq Systems, 轉變、「一帶一路」及香港作為國際法 travelling from Japan to join this panel 律師的角度，講解香港在金融科技行業的律和爭議解決中心的角色。 as speakers together with Mr. Peter 商業環境和面臨的挑戰。小組討論由埃貝 Lam, Managing Director, KFT APAC. The 主題演講之後進行小組討論，題目為科技訴訟文件審閱服務總監-亞太區及法 panel, moderated by Mr. Grand Chan, the 「序幕：高級管理層對其法律團隊的期律顧問高一鋒律師主持。 then Chairman of the In-House Lawyers 望」。講者包括富通保險亞洲及香港區 Committee, shared their experiences 之後還舉行了題為「管治、風險與合行政總裁楊斌官先生，及合一國際有限 in doing business in or with Japan 規－管理組織的可持續發展」的小組 covering foreign investments, regulatory 討論，講者包括貝 environment, and business culture. 萊德Director and The Conference has been built on the Head of Investment success from past years. The In-House Lawyers Committee would like to thank all Stewardship – APAC of our panelists, sponsors and delegates Pru Bennett律師及 for their support, and the hard work of 香港交易所上市部合 the Organising Committee (“OC”) which 規及監察高級副總 contributed to the success of this annual 裁陳肇鈞先生，並由 event. If you have any feedback on the 2017 Conference, or have any suggestions, Great Glornvestment please do not hesitate to contact the Corporation 董事戴潔 Committee at inhouselawyers@hklawsoc. 瑩女士主持，就企業 org.hk. 管治及香港交易所／ (From left) Mr. CM Chan, Ms. Astor Chan and Mr. Lennard Yong shared what the top 證監會的最新監管資 management expects from their legal teams. (左起)陳澤銘律師、陳倩敏律師及楊斌官先生分享管理層對企業法律團隊的期望。訊提供真知灼見。

www.hk-lawyer.org 23 • January 2018

年會以題為「在日本營商」的小組討論作結。我們很高興邀請到 Innova Global 株式會社創辦人及主席陳浩然先生，及埃貝科技訴訟文件審閱服務鎌田正之律師，遠道從日本來港擔任講者。另外一位講者為KFT APAC董事總經理林煦基先生，主持是時任企業律師委員會主席陳浩良律師。他 (From left) Mr. Grand Chan with a panel of industry experts including Mr. (From left) Mr. Michael Beckett, Ms. Ada Chen and Leiming Chen, Mr. Simson Chu, Mr. Sebastian Ko and Mr. Nelson Chow, Mr. Roden Tong discussed about the newly enacted 們分享了在日本及與日本企業合 who exchanged their views on the Fintech development in Hong Kong. apology law. (左起)陳浩良律師與一眾業界專家，包括陳磊明律師、朱澄賢律師、高一鋒律 (左起)Mr Michael Beckett、陳潔儀律師及湯文龍律師作的經驗，當中涉及外商投資、師及周文正先生交換對香港金融科技發展的看法。討論新頒布的道歉法。監管環境及商業文化等議題。

年會如過往幾年一樣成功舉行。企業律師委員會感謝所有講者、贊助商和出席者的支持，以及籌委會的辛勞，令年會得以成功。如果你對2017年年會有任何意見，或希望提出任何建議，歡迎電郵至inhouselawyers@ hklawsoc.org.hk。 (From left) Ms. Agnes Tai, Mr. Kenneth Chan and Ms. Pru (From left) Mr. Grand Chan, Mr. Peter Lam, Mr. Masayuki Bennett exchanged views on corporate governance. Kamata and Mr. Michael Chan shared their experience in doing (左起)戴潔瑩女士、陳肇鈞先生及Pru Bennett律師交換對企業 business in Japan. 管治的看法。 (左起)陳浩良律師、林照基先生、鐮田正之律師及陳浩然先生分享他們在日本營商的經驗。

In-House Lawyers: Sweat & Glory Series 2017 企業律師的苦與樂2017 － Legal Mind for Esports: Press for Connect 從法律的角度看電子競技 On 26 October 2017, the In-House Lawyers Committee (“IHLC”) organised a seminar under 企業律師委員會於2017年10月26日舉 the In-House Lawyers: Sweat & Glory Series 2017 with the topic “Legal Mind for Esports: 辦了企業律師的苦與樂2017 －「從法 Press for Connect”. The seminar was attended by around 60 members comprising in- house members from a variety of backgrounds. The panel discussion was moderated by 律的角度看電子競技」研討會，吸引了 IHLC Member Ms. Cerin Yip. 約60名來自不同背景的企業律師會員 Speakers on this panel included Mr. Alex Norman, Foreign Registered Lawyer, Bird & 出席。 Bird, Mr. Charles To, Senior Legal Counsel, Tencent and Ms. Karen Law, Vice President – 研討會由委員會成員葉雅婷律師主持， Strategy & Legal, Lan Kwai Fong Group. IHLC would like to express its heartfelt thanks to 講者包括鴻鵠律師事務所註冊外地律師 the panelists who shared with us on the emergence and development of this innovative idea of “sports” as well as the potential legal and regulatory issues behind it. Alex Norman律師、騰訊高級法律顧問杜軒榮律師及蘭桂坊集團副總裁 - 策略及法律事務羅家欣律師。委員會衷心感謝一眾講者分享這個創新「體育」理念的冒起和發展，以及潛在的法律和監管問題。

(From left) Ms. Cerin Yip (moderator) and speakers Mr. Alex Norman, Ms. Karen Law and Mr. Charles To. (左起) 企業律師委員會成員葉雅婷律師(主持)與講者Alex Norman律師、羅家欣律師及杜軒榮律師。

24 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞

Visits to Independent Commission Against Corruption (“ICAC”) and High Court & Legal Aid Department (“LAD”) In collaboration with the Education Bureau, the Working Group on Business-School Partnership Programme of the Pro Bono Committee organised two guided visits and sharing sessions for Form 4 to Form 6 secondary school students to ICAC on 12 October 2017 and to High (From left) : Mr. Ben Wong , Mr. Eric Chan, Mr. Hui King Cheung, Project Executive (Career and Guidance) of Education Bureau, Ms. Serina Chan, Council Member and Chairlady of Pro Bono Court & Legal Aid Department (“LAD”) on 28 November Committee, Mr. Alan Schiffman, member of Pro Bono Committee and Ms. Ada Chan, Senior Youth 2017. & Education Officer of ICAC at the Visit to ICAC. (左起)：黃國基律師、陳柏豪律師、教育局項目行政主任(升學及就業輔導)許景祥先生、理事會成員兼公 The Visit to ICAC started with a guided tour of 益服務委員會主席陳潔心律師、公益服務委員會成員Alan Schiffman律師及廉政公署高級廉政教育主 its exhibition hall, while students were given the 任陳慧茹女士在參觀廉政公署活動上合照。 opportunity to observe court proceedings during the Visit to High Court and LAD. Subsequent to the respective 參觀廉政公署和參觀高等法院及法律援助署(「法 Visits, sharing sessions were held in which the staff of 援署」) ICAC and LAD introduced their daily work and their 公益服務委員會商校合作計劃工作小組與教育局合作，為中四至中六學 experience to students. Volunteer solicitors were also 生舉辦了兩項參觀活動：分別為於2017年10月12日舉行的參觀廉政公 invited to give an introduction of the legal profession 署及「識」法工作坊以及於2017年11月28日舉行的參觀高等法院及法 and an explanation of the differences between a solicitor and a barrister. We were also honoured to have Mr. Ben 援署活動。 Wong, member of Criminal Law & Procedure Committee 於參觀廉政公署活動當日，學生們獲安排參與展覽廳導賞活動；而參觀 as our guest speaker to give an inspiring talk on Criminal 高等法院和法援署的學生，也被安排觀察法庭審訊程序。兩項參觀活 Law to students at the Visit to ICAC. 動後，廉政公署及法援署職員分別向學生們介紹他們的日常工作和分享 The two visits received positive responses. 78 students 經驗。義務律師亦向學生們介紹法律專業，以及講解律師與大律師的分 and 30 students participated in the Visit to ICAC and 別。我們很榮幸邀得刑法及訴訟程序委員會成員黃國基律師擔任嘉賓講 the Visit to High Court & LAD respectively. Through participating in the two visits, students were able 者，向參觀廉政公署的學生們講解刑事法。 to understand more about the legal profession and 這兩項參觀深受學生歡迎，分別吸引了78名和30名學生參加。透過這兩 different career options. 項參觀活動，學生們加深了對法律專業和不同職業選擇的認識。

Group photo at the Visit to High Court & LAD. 參觀高等法院及法援署活動大合照。

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Welcome Cocktail Reception for Trainee Solicitors On 6 November 2017, the Young Solicitors’ Group (“YSG”) held its annual flagship event “Welcome Cocktail Reception for Trainee Solicitors”. It was a drizzling Monday evening, but that did not dampen the interest of about 110 trainee solicitors and 30 practitioners and guests who graced the occasion. The evening kicked off with welcoming speeches of the officiating guests, followed by an introduction of exciting activities organised by the YSG as well as the Law Society. Officiating guests and YSG members The event would not have been a success 主禮嘉賓與年青律師組成員 without the officiating guests, including notably 實習律師歡迎酒會 the Solicitor General of the Department of Justice Mr. Wesley Wong, President Thomas So, 年青律師組於2017年11月6日舉行年度旗艦活動「實習律師歡迎酒會」。當晚 as well as various other Council Members. 下著微雨，但無阻參加者的興致，約110名實習律師和30名從業者和嘉賓出席了酒會。 The YSG welcomes again our new members to the legal profession. We wish you (new 酒會由主禮嘉賓致歡迎辭揭開序幕，隨後介紹年青律師組及律師會舉辦的精彩活 members) every success in your legal career and 動。 we hope to meet you one day in the upcoming YSG events! 主禮嘉賓包括法律政策專員黃惠沖資深大律師、會長蘇紹聰律師及理事會成員。

Reported by : Desmond Cheung 年青律師組再次歡迎新成員加入法律界，祝新成員在法律界事業有成，期望在不久將來的年青律師組活動中見到大家！

由張志銓律師報導

26 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞

“In Style • Hong Kong” 時尚潮流•魅力香港 The HKTDC promotion campaign “In Style • Hong Kong” was held in 香港貿易發展局(「貿發局」)於2017年11月7日在馬 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 7 November 2017, highlighting the advantages 來西亞吉隆坡舉辦大型推廣活動「時尚潮流•魅力香 of Hong Kong as a trendsetting hub, and how Hong Kong could support 港」，突顯香港作為潮流之都的優勢，以及香港如何 the business expansion of Malaysian companies. 支援馬來西亞企業擴展業務。 At the invitation of HKTDC, Council members Mrs. Cecilia Wong and Mr. Denis Brock participated in the event on behalf of the Law Society 應貿發局邀請，理事會成員黃吳潔華律師及白樂德律 and shared their insights on IP protection and changes and trends 師代表律師會出席是次活動，就知識產權維護、國際 in international dispute resolution process as well as the reasons for 爭議解決程序的變化和趨勢，以及選擇香港作為解決 choosing Hong Kong as the venue for resolving international commercial, 國際商業、投資和船務糾紛，分享了他們的觀點。 investment and shipping disputes. 他們亦參與了由律政司司長率領的「香港法律服務 They also joined the “Hong Kong legal services delegation” led by the 團」，向吉隆坡的商界和法律界推廣香港的法律及仲 Secretary for Justice promoting Hong Kong’s legal and arbitration services to the local business and legal sectors in Kuala Lumpur. 裁服務。

Council Members Cecilia Wong and Denis Brock shared their insights with the symposium participants. 理事會成員黃吳潔華律師及白樂德律師與高峰論壇參加者分享他們的見解。

Welcome Reception of IP 知識產權大使計劃歡迎儀式 Ambassador Programme 律師會知識產權委員會於2017年11月10日參加了在知識產權署舉行的「知識產 Members of the Law Society’s Intellectual 權大使計劃歡迎儀式」。 Property Committee took part in the “Welcome Reception of IP Ambassador Programme” held 知識產權大使計劃由知識產權署、香港大學法律學院、香港中文大學法律學院和 on 10 November 2017 at the Intellectual Property 香港城市大學法律學院合辦。獲招募為「知識產權大使」的法律學生，會為中小 Department. 學及大專院校學生講解知識產權。律師會知識產權委員會支持該計劃，委員會成 The IP Ambassador Programme was launched 員會見了2017-18年 jointly by the Intellectual Property Department, 獲招募的知識產權大 the Faculty of Law of the University of Hong 使，並與他們分享了 Kong, the Faculty of Law of the Chinese 意見和經驗。 University of Hong Kong and the School of Law of City University of Hong Kong. Law students were recruited as “IP Ambassadors” to help deliver talks on intellectual property matters for primary, secondary and tertiary school students. The Law Society’s Intellectual Property Committee supported the Programme. Members of the Committee met the IP Ambassadors recruited for 2017-18, and shared their views and experiences with them.

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Teaching at Renmin University of China Law School At the invitation of the Renmin University of China Law School, Council member CM Chan and Greater China Legal Affairs Committee member Catherine Mun travelled to Beijing in November 2017 to deliver a lecture for year 3 and year 4 undergraduate law students and graduate students. The course focused on arbitration-related topics, including common law, commercial dispute resolution, contracts, etc. Last year, the Law Society also arranged similar courses for the Renmin University of China Law School which were favourably received. 中國人民大學法學院授課應中國人民大學法學院邀請，律師會理事陳澤銘律師、大中華法律事務委員會委員文理明律師於2017年11月先後前往北京，擔任該校法律實務課程的導師。課程內容圍繞與仲裁有關的課題，包括普通法、商業爭議解 Mr. CM Chan with students at the Renmin University of China Law School. 陳澤銘理事與中國人民大學法學院學生合照。決、合同等等；對象以法律本科三、四年級學生和碩士研究生為主。律師會去年亦為人民大學法學院安排同類課程，廣獲好評。

Lujiazui Law Forum in Shanghai The 9th Lujiazui Law Forum was held in Shanghai on 18 November 2017 with “The Belt and Road Initiative and Internationalisation of Legal Services” as the theme. As a joint organiser, the Law Society sent a four-member delegation to participate in the event. Vice President Melissa Pang, Council members CM Chan and Bonita Chan spoke to 300 attendees respectively on legal affairs under the Belt and Road Initiative and the protection on legal services, legal issues in China’s international mergers and acquisitions and investment, as well as opportunities and challenges for young lawyers. Mr. Lawrence Yeung, member of the Greater China Legal Affairs Committee, also attended the event and met with local lawyers.

上海陸家嘴法治論壇第九屆陸家嘴法治論壇於2017年11月18日假上海舉行，主題為「一帶一路」和法律服務國際化。作為論壇的合辦機構，律師會派出四人代表團參與活動。副會長彭韻僖 Vice President Melissa Pang spoke at the forum in Shanghai on 律師、理事陳澤銘律師和陳寶儀律師，分別就「一帶一路」的法律事務與法律服務保 behalf of the Law Society. 彭韻僖副會長代表律師會在上海的論壇上演講。障、國際併購等國際投資業務的難點，以及青年律師的機遇和挑戰，向300名與會者發表演說。大中華法律事務委員會委員楊先恒律師亦出席了活動，與當地律師交流。

Belt and Road Seminar on Hong Kong Legal and Dispute Resolution Services On behalf of the Law Society, Mr. Eric Woo, member of the Arbitration Committee, attended the Belt and Road Seminar on Hong Kong Legal and Dispute Resolution Services held in Beijing on 21 November 2017, and shared with 150 legal professionals and business representatives from the Mainland and Hong Kong the procedures of enforcing Chinese arbitral awards in Hong Kong. The seminar was jointly organised by InvestHK of the HKSAR and the China Overseas Development Association as one of the sessions of the 9th China Overseas Investment Fair.

「一帶一路」香港法律及解決爭議服務研討會仲裁委員會委員胡慶業律師代表律師會出席了於2017年11月21日假北京舉行的「一帶一路」香港法律及解決爭議服務研討會，向150名來自內地和香港的法律界和商界代表，分享在香港 Mr. Eric Woo, member of the Arbitration 申請執行內地仲裁裁決的程序。該研討會由香港特別行政區政府投資推廣署和中國產業海外 Committee, spoke at the seminar in Beijing. 發展協會合辦，為第九届中國對外投資合作洽談會的其中一個分論壇。仲裁委員會委員胡慶業律師在北京舉行的研討會上演講。

28 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞

Belt and Road Legal Services Forum in Shenzhen China (Guangdong) Belt and Road Legal Services Forum cum the Annual Forum for Foreign-related Chinese Legal Talents was held on 2 December 2017 in Shenzhen. A total of 300 participants attended the forum. As a supporting organisation, the Law Society’s delegation attended the event. Vice President Melissa Pang delivered a speech at the forum, while Past President and Council member Huen Wong also spoke at the event. Other delegates included Ms. Julianne Doe and Ms. Clarice Kan, members of the Belt and Road Committe, as well as Mr. Lawrence Yeung and Ms. Natalia Cheung, members of the Greater China Legal Affairs Committee.

深圳「一帶一路」法律服務論壇中國(廣東)「一帶一路」法律服務論壇暨中國涉外律師領軍人才深圳年會於2017年12月2日假深圳舉行，共吸引300名參加者出席。作為論壇的支持機構，律師會派出代表團出席活動，副會長彭韻僖律師代表律師會於活動上致辭，理事及前會長王桂壎律師擔任演講嘉賓。其他代表包括「一帶 Law Society representatives attended the Belt and Road Legal Services Forum in Shenzhen. 一路」委員會委員杜珠聯律師和簡雯泰律師，以及大中華法律事務委員會律師會代表出席於深圳舉行的「一帶一路」法律服務論壇。委員楊先恒律師和張翹欣律師。

Mainland delegations visited the Law Society 內地代表團訪問香港律師會 The Law Society received two delegations from the Mainland in November. 律師會於11月先後接待兩個來自內地的訪問團。來自 A seven-member delegation from the Guangzhou Tianhe Commerce 廣州市天河區商務和金融工作局的七人代表團於2017 and Finance Bureau visited the Law Society on 20 November 2017. 年11月20日訪問律師會。潘晟副局長於會上介紹了天 Mr. Pan Sheng, Deputy Director of the Bureau, introduced the investment 河區的投資環境和政策，並與出席會議的律師會副會 environment and policies of Tianhe District at the meeting and exchanged with Vice President Melissa Pang, as well as Mr. Gary Yin and Ms. Natalia 長彭韻僖律師、大中華法律事務委員會委員饒詩傑律 Cheung, members of the Greater China Legal Affairs Committee. A five- 師和張翹欣律師交流。上海市東方公証處的五人代表 member delegation from the Shanghai Oriental Notary Public Office 團則於11月29日到訪。彭韻僖律師和張翹欣律師向訪 visited the Law Society on 29 November. Ms. Melissa Pang and Ms. Natalia 問團介紹了香港律師會的角色和功能，以及香港法律 Cheung introduced the roles and functions of the Law Society as well as 服務業的發展概況。 legal services in Hong Kong to the delegation.

Vice President Melissa Pang presented a souvenir to the Deputy Director of A delegation from the Shanghai Oriental Notary Public Office visited the Law Society. Guangzhou Tianhe Commerce and Finance Bureau. 上海市東方公証處代表與律師會代表於會後合照。彭韻僖副會長代表律師會致送紀念品予廣州市天河區商務和金融工作局副局長。

www.hk-lawyer.org 29 • January 2018

15th IAVE Asia Pacific Regional Volunteer Conference Invited by the Agency for Volunteer Service, Vice President Melissa Pang represented the Law Society in the 15th IAVE Asia Pacific Regional Volunteer Conference held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 23 to 26 November 2017. Ms. Pang spoke at a workshop titled “Strategic partnerships - pro bono work and access to justice in Hong Kong”. At the workshop, Ms. Pang introduced the pro bono and volunteer work carried out by lawyers in Hong Kong in the context of strategic partnership. Further, she explained how the Law Society mobilised members for active participation in pro bono and community work and organised innovative and attractive pro bono and volunteer programs. She also gave an overview on the legal aid system in Hong Kong and the status of litigants in person.

第15屆亞太區義工會議應義務工作發展局邀請，副會長彭韻僖律師出席於2017年11月23日至26日在馬來西亞吉隆坡舉行的第15屆亞太區義工會議。

副會長在題為「戰略夥伴關係 – 香港的義務法律工作與司法渠道」的研討會上發言。在研討會上，副會長介紹了香港律師在戰略合作夥伴關係背景下的義務法律工作。此外，她亦解釋了律師會如何推動會員積極參與公益法律和社區工作，組織創新而具吸引力的公益法律和義工計劃。副會長還概述了香港的法律援助制度和訴訟當事人的地位。

Strengthen our connection with Eastern and Central Europe The Law Society signed two Memorandum of Understandings (“MoUs”) with the Georgian Bar Association and the Bar Association of Slovenia respectively on 1 December at the occasion of the Paris Bar Opening of the Legal Year 2017. Georgia, an emerging market with potential for further growth, is located at the junction of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. According to a research, its logistics economy is transit-oriented: around 60% of all types of overland international freight throughput are in transit. Furthermore, Georgia has signed free trade agreements (“FTA”) with many of its neighbours such as Ukarine, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Russia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Turkey. Hong Kong is also negotiating an FTA with Georgia. Hong Kong plays an important role as a “super-connector” between Slovenia and Mainland China. Just at the beginning of April, Hong Kong had signed a MoU with Slovenia on co-operation in wine-related businesses. Slovenian businesses in all sectors can start making use of the unique advantages of Hong Kong to extend their businesses to the Far East like the wine industry. The signing of the MoUs with the two organisations not only provide an opportunity to formalize our commitments to collaborate and support each other, it will also generate international opportunities to our members to fully participate in and capitalise on the opportunities brought by the Belt and Road Initiatives in these two countries.

30 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞

加強與東歐和中歐的聯繫律師會於12月1日在巴黎2017法律年度開啟典禮期間，與Georgian Bar Association和Bar Association of Slovenia分別簽署了兩份諒解備忘錄。

格魯吉亞是具有發展潛力的新興市場，位於西亞和東歐的交匯處。據研究指出，格魯吉亞的物流經濟以轉運為主，佔陸路國際貨運量約 60％。此外，格魯吉亞已與烏克蘭、白俄羅斯、阿塞拜疆、亞美尼亞、俄羅斯、摩爾多瓦、哈薩克、吉爾吉斯、塔吉克、烏茲別克、土庫曼和土耳其等鄰國簽署了自由貿易協定。香港亦正與格魯吉亞商討簽署自由貿易協定。

香港作為斯洛文尼亞與中國內地之間的「超級聯繫人」，角色舉足輕重。四月初，香港與斯洛文尼亞簽署了葡萄酒貿易的合作諒解備忘錄。斯洛文尼亞各行各業可把握香港的獨有優勢，像葡萄酒業一樣，把業務擴展到遠東地區。

透過與兩個協會簽署諒解備忘錄，正式確認兩會合作的關係和互相支持，也同時為會員帶來國際機遇，積極參與和把握「一帶一路」倡議下在兩國帶來的機遇。

YSG Explore Hong Kong Event 年青律師組「探索香港」活動 On 22 October 2017, the Young Solicitors’ Group (“YSG”) organised its 年青律師組於2017年10月22日舉辦了本年度第二個 second Explore HK event for 2017 when members went on a tour of Tai 「探索香港」活動，帶領會員遊覽大澳文物遺址及參 O heritage sites and Yi O farm in Lantau Island with guides from Yi O 觀大嶼山二澳農作社。 Agricultural Cooperation Ltd. Yi O is an ancient village with 200 years of history, located about 10 minutes 二澳村是擁有200年歷史的古老鄉村，離大澳約10分 away from Tai O by boat. Although farming had stopped in Yi O at one point 鐘船程。雖然二澳村的農業曾一度停止，但在2012 in time, since 2012, Yi O has become home to a successful agricultural 年透過農地復耕計劃重新復耕。 rehabilitation program. 參加會員先於大澳集合成小組，然後乘船前往二澳。 The group gathered at Tai O and travelled to Yi O by boat. The guides first 導遊先帶組員登上二澳著名的萬丈布天池，欣賞大嶼 took the group on a hike to Yi O’s famous Man Cheung Po infinity pool to 山西南面的壯麗景色，然後在二澳農作社吃午餐。組 take in the gorgeous views of southwest Lantau Island, followed by lunch at the Yi O farm. The Group then went on a tour of the rice fields as well as the 員接著參觀了二澳農作社的稻田和菜園，該處種植了 vegetable and herb gardens at Yi O farm, whilst identifying herbs used in 各種烹飪用的香草。 various cuisines. 最後參加者參觀了二澳和大澳文物遺址，包括紅樹 The day concluded with a walking tour of Yi O and Tai O heritage sites, 林、蝦醬廠和寺廟。 including red wood forests, a shrimp paste factory and temples. 我們希望未來繼續舉辦「探索香港」歷史文化的活 With your support, we hope to continue to organise future Explore HK events discovering Hong Kong’s heritage, so please stay tuned and do get in touch 動，期待你的支持，請留意年青律師組的最新資訊， with the YSG if you have any great ideas of where we should visit next! 如對下次參觀地點有任何意提議，歡迎向我們提出！

Reported by : Kenneth Lee 由李立勤律師報導

Group photo at Yi O farm rice fields. 在二澳稻田合照。 Group photo at Tai O’s Man Cheung Po. 在二澳萬丈布合照。

www.hk-lawyer.org 31 • January 2018

Marathon Challenge for Fundraising 為慈善出力挑戰馬拉松 On 22 October 2017, the Hiking Team sent two teams to join a charity 遠足隊於2017年10月22日派出兩支小隊參加「苗圃挑 marathon (ranging from 12km to 51km) titled Sowers Action Challenging 12 戰12小時」慈善馬拉松(12至51公里)。 Hours (the “Challenge”). 是次馬拉松由非牟利組織苗圃行動舉辦，自2000年起 The Challenge is organised annually by Sowers Action, a non profit organisation, since 2000 as a fundraising event for various projects 每年舉辦一次，為中國貧困或殘疾兒童的教育項目籌 promoting education for the underprivileged or disabled children in China. 款。不同組別的參加者須在限時內完成衛奕信徑的指定 Participants, through taking part in different divisions to complete the 路線，感受山區學童上下課的艱辛。 designated routes of Wilson Trail within time limits, would be able to get 兩支律師會隊伍分別參加了26公里和42公里的項目。 the feel of the hardship of the children travelling to and from home for school in the mountainous areas. 較短的路線由慈雲山起步，而較長的路線則由油塘起步，兩條路線均以大埔為終點。馬拉松從來不易應 The Law Society teams joined the 26km and 42km categories as corporate 付，但隊員都很樂意為慈善出力，參與這項挑戰。律 teams. The shorter route started at Tsz Wan Shan whereas the longer route started at Yau Tong with the finishing point located at Tai Po for both routes. 師長期於辦公室工作，隊員認為是次馬垃松是挑戰體 Marathons of such distances is no easy task but team members were all 能的好機會。 excited about sweating for a good cause and witnessing the success of the 兩支小隊感謝所有善長慷慨解囊和周到的安排。 Challenge. As lawyers who spend long hours staying at office, they also found the race a good opportunity to challenge their physical abilities. The teams were thankful for all the kind hearted donors for their support through donation and for the thoughtful arrangement of the Hiking Team.

Legal Eagles 1 Legal Eagles 2

Team 隊伍 Members 隊員 Legal Eagles 1 (26km) (26 公里 ) Mr. Chan Hiu Kwan Hugo 陳曉軍律師 Mr. Luk Kwan Wai 陸鈞韋律師 Ms. Luk Wing Kiu 陸詠翹律師 Ms. Tam Suet Yan Sharon 譚雪欣律師 Legal Eagles 2 (42km) (42 公里 ) Ms. Chung Wai Yin, Hiking Convenor 遠足召集人鍾慧賢律師 Mr. Tse Koon Yiu 謝貫堯律師 Ms. Wong Sha Caroline 王莎律師

32 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • LAW SOCIETY NEWS 律師會新聞

The Law Society of Hong Kong Dragon Boat Team – 2017 Review 2017 has been a long year for the Dragon Boat Team. In the first half of the year, the team started strongly with tremendous results in the Stanley Warm-Up Race and the Sun Life Stanley International Championships. However, luck was not on their side towards the end, and the team could only capture the 2nd Runner-Up at the Legal Professional Cup and 1st Runner- Up in the lower division of the RSCP Dragon Boat Race, both held in June. After a short July break, the team recharged and regrouped for the second half of the year. The team started with Mr. Roden Tong, Council Member and Vice Chairman of the Recreation and Sports Committee (right on front row) and the Law Society Dragon Boat Team at the 7th Legal Professional Cup. a short-course race in Cheung Chau in 理事會成員兼康樂及體育委員會副主席湯文龍律師(前排右)與律師會龍舟隊在第7屆法律專業盃龍舟邀請賽合照。 September, followed by another short- course race in Macau in October. It is the second consecutive year that the Law Society was represented in Macau. This 律師會龍舟隊：2017年回顧 year, the team fielded a men’s team and a women’s team, and 對龍舟隊來說，2017年是漫長的一年。於上半年，龍舟隊在赤柱龍 the men’s team staged a strong performance by finishing first 舟熱身賽及永明金融赤柱國際龍舟錦標賽戰績彪炳，不過，運氣未 in the qualifying round and directly proceeding to the semi- 能持續到6月，在法律專業盃龍舟邀請賽僅得季軍，在香港專業團 finals. 體康體會龍舟競渡亦只屈居亞軍。 To draw this year to a close, the team would like to thank 經過7月份短暫休息，龍舟隊在下半年重組，首先於9月份在長洲參 all past and current team members for their tireless commitment, and the Recreation and Sports Committee for 加短途賽，10月份又在澳門參加短途賽。這是律師會連續第二年赴 its support. Dragon boating is a tough but amazing sport 澳門參賽，今年派出男、女子隊，男子隊在預賽排名第一，直接晉 that demands every stroke and inch from the team. If you are 級準決賽。 looking for a sporting challenge, please contact the team at [email protected]! 龍舟隊感謝所有前任和現任隊員的努力付出及康樂及體育委員會的支持。龍舟是一項艱巨但有趣的運動，講求團隊合作。如果你想參加具挑戰性的運動，請電郵至[email protected]聯絡龍舟隊！

Our Men’s (left) & Women’s (right) Teams at the Macau Mid-Autumn Race. 參加澳門中秋龍舟賽的男子隊(左)及女子隊(右)。

www.hk-lawyer.org 33 • January 2018

Hong Kong as a Trust Hub: Can a Settlor Maintain Control and Avoid an Illusory or Sham Trust?

By Seung Chong Alakriti Limited

34 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • TRUST LAW 信托法

ong Kong continues to grow b) the Protector of each trust was the The Protector of each trust was the in strength as a trust hub Settlor but, upon his death or if he Settlor Hattracting settlors who desire came “under a disability”, one of his The fact that a Protector is also the a modern trust law in a settled and adult sons from a previous marriage Settlor is not unusual. The court mature legal system. Many settlors would assume the role of Protector; commented that the expression seek the assurance of a trust but at the and “Protector” was not a term of art and same time desire to retain a degree of c) the discretionary beneficiaries were that the role of a Protector is to provide control over their settled assets. This is the Settlor himself, and certain a check on the trustees. In this case, true whether for settlors of Hong Kong named beneficiaries ie the children however, the Protector was conferred trusts or of offshore trusts administered of the Settlor from his relationship both strong negative control rights as from Hong Kong. The transfer of assets with Alexandra Tolstoy. well as significant positive control rights. into a trust should be a true divestiture So much so that they lent weight to of those assets. This article examines The Grounds for Challenge the conclusion that the Settlor had not whether a settlor can alienate assets divested of the settled assets. The liquidator had two arguments to whilst retaining control over the destiny challenge the trusts. It argued that, Negative control of the Protector of those assets. Can the settlor have his properly construed, the trusts were cake and eat it? The terms of the trusts provided that the not effective in divesting Pugachev of consent of the Protector was required This important point was the subject of a his beneficial ownership to the settled for: (a) declaring any person to cease recent English High Court decision: JSC assets. As such, the trusts were illusory. being a discretionary beneficiary; (b) the Mezhdunarodniy Promyshlenniy Bank v Alternatively, the claimant argued that appointment of further discretionary Sergei Pugachev and others [2017] EWHC the trusts were sham trusts that had no beneficiaries; (c) the distribution of 2426 (Birss J) (‘The Pugachev case’). effect. In either case, what the claimant income and/or capital (including any The decision is a timely reminder that was saying was that the supposedly distribution to a beneficiary to the there are limits on the kind and degree settled assets were not in fact held on exclusion of all other discretionary of control that can be imposed by a trust and thus not beyond the reach beneficiaries); (d) the investment of trust settlor. Too much of the wrong kind can of the claimant. The claimant was funds; (e) any variation of the trust deeds; jeopardize the trust. successful on both grounds. We will and (f) releasing and revoking any power discuss the illusory trust argument first. conferred on the trustees. So (a) and (b) The Pugachev Case permitted the Protector to define who Sergei Pugachev, a Russian oligarch, The Illusory Trust Argument could benefit, (c) allowed the Protector to founded the Mezhprom Bank (‘the Bank’) Each trust was a discretionary trust determine who could receive money and in 1992. The Bank had subsequently What was significant is that the trusts when, (d) gave the Protector the right to become insolvent with a shortfall of were discretionary. The court pointed decide how funds were to be invested, US$2.2 billion in assets. The Bank’s out that a simple trust is helpful in and (e) and (f) entrenched the powers liquidator claimed US$1 billion against concealing legal ownership of assets of the Protector. This bundle of control Pugachev and others. The underlying because public records will show the rights effectively gave the Protector a claim was the allegation that Pugachev trustee as the owner. But it is helpful high degree of negative control. had misappropriated very large sums of only up to a point because a settlor Positive control of the Protector money from the Bank. (who is also a beneficiary) might be The terms of the trusts also conferred What Pugachev had done was to compelled in court proceedings to admit positive control rights on the Protector. establish five trusts comprising real to beneficial ownership. A discretionary So the Protector has the power to estate in Chelsea, St. Barths and trust is helpful because a trustee has remove trustees with or without cause Switzerland. The defendants included the discretion whether or not to advance and to appoint additional trustees. In a descendant of Leo Tolstoy, Alexandra property to a beneficiary. Because effect, if the trustees do not make a Tolstoy, with whom Pugachev had there is no certainty, the settlor has no distribution to the Protector-Settlor or to children. The family circumstances lent proprietary interest and in court or other a beneficiary he chooses, the Protector a sad glamour to the case. The terms of proceedings can say hand on heart that can remove the trustees and appoint the trusts were materially the same and he has no interest in the settled assets. more compliant ones. In essence, this the main elements were as follows: This means that an unscrupulous person was not a discretionary trust at all. The can use a discretionary trust to try to a) each trust was a discretionary trust; Settlor retains effective control. shield assets from creditors.

www.hk-lawyer.org 35 • January 2018

Are powers personal to the Protector or The Settlor also being a beneficiary and control of the trustee and both settlor fiduciary in nature? other overlapping roles and trustee always intended that that The court also considered whether The decided cases show that a court is would be so … the word sham accurately the Protector’s powers were purely entitled to look at the powers and duties describes the trust deed.” The scheme personal and could be exercised for of the Protector as a whole to work out was set up to facilitate a pretence selfish purposes or if they were fiduciary what is in substance the reality. In Re about ownership or rather its absence in nature. To be clear, in the case of AO Revocable Trust [2010] 13 ITELR 260, of ownership. The supposedly settled the former, it was not a question of the settlor was the sole trustee with the assets were therefore not held in trust lawfulness or dishonesty - the question power to absolve himself of any breaches and available to meet the claims of the was whether the Protector could act of trust and the power to revoke the Bank’s liquidator. lawfully on selfish grounds. If so, it was trust at any time. This “concatenation of not a misuse of power. The court held rights and powers” coupled with the fact Take Away Points that the Protector could exercise those the settlor was the sole trustee rendered Settlors and their advisers should note rights freely for his own benefit. They the trust illusory. that ultimately there must be a genuine were not fiduciary in nature but personal In the Pugachev case, the court held that alienation of the assets. A factual powers conferred on the Protector the “true effect of the trust” was that matrix designed to give some control giving him the ability to act in his own Pugachev had not divested his assets or oversight back to the Settlor or the best interests in an unconstrained and retained beneficial ownership of Protector may be acceptable but all the or even selfish manner. He did not them. The flaw was the extensive nature indicia must be looked at collectively and need to consider the interests of other of the Protector’s powers combined with individually as a court is entitled to work discretionary beneficiaries as a class. the fact that he was also the Settlor and out what is really going on (those being In what circumstances would the also one of the named beneficiaries. the words used). A single factor such as Protector be “Under a Disability”? If the facts had been different, eg if the Settlor not being a beneficiary goes a Where the Protector is “Under a the Protector was a third party, or the long way and can almost be a knock-out Disability” then he automatically and Settlor was also not a beneficiary (ie a point but everything needs to be looked immediately ceases to be the Protector. mere watchdog), or if less powers had at as a whole. In addition to what would typically been conferred on the Protector, or if Advisers and trustees need to be understood to be a disability, the the Protector did not have the right to be cautious in not being too definition of “Under a Disability” also remove trustees without cause, or if there accommodating of a settlor’s wishes included imprisonment, involuntary was a purpose to the trust, then the where there is an aggressive scheme in detention, physical and mental duress, outcome could have been different. terms of retention of control. Advisers and “coercion by operation of law”. and trustees need to have independent Essentially, if the Protector does not The Sham Argument thought and action to avoid a finding want to do something but is compelled Strictly speaking, there is no such that their intention has been fused with to do it under duress or coercion, the thing as a sham trust. It is the acts or that of the settlor. That can lead to a person ceases to be the Protector. documents that purport to set up a trust finding of a sham. The court held that if the Protector’s that are the sham. In Snook v London In the case of a sham, there was never powers were limited to acting for the and West Riding Investment [1967] 2QB a trust so the position is irretrievable. discretionary beneficiaries as a class 786, Lord Diplock said (at 802) that the In the case of an illusory trust, there is (excluding himself), then there would parties “must have a common intention a trust but a bare trust. If behaviour is be no need for this evolved form of that the acts or documents are not to modified and/or the terms of the trust definition of “Under a Disability”. But, create the legal rights and obligations can be changed, the position is not as drafted, the Protector would cease which they give the appearance of immutable and what is an illusory trust to have effective complete control creating.” It is an open point whether can become a genuine trust. n the moment he is compelled to do there needs to be a “common intention” something he does not want to do such between all the parties (compare as handing over assets to a creditor. Midland Bank v Wyatt [1995] 1 FLR 696 The Settlor was attempting to make and Shalson v Russo [2003] EWHC 1637). the trusts “judgment proof”. All these However, in this decision, after going indicia supported the argument that through the evidence, the court held that there was no true alienation of the “the whole scheme always was in truth assets. that the settlor would exercise covert

36 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • TRUST LAW 信托法

香港作為一個信託中心：財產授予人是否可以維持控制權並避免存在虛假或偽裝信託？

作者 Seung Chong Alakriti Limited

港作為一個信託中心，其地位正作出的一項裁決JSC Mezhdunarodniy 非常大筆的款項。在持續提升。尋求在一個已建立 Promyshlenniy Bank v Sergei Pugachev 香普加喬夫所實際作出的，是在切爾西、穩定和成熟的法律制度，能夠有效運用 and others [2017] EWHC 2426 (Birss J) 聖巴托斯、瑞士等地方成立五個房地產現代信託法的地方設立信託的財產授予 (‘The Pugachev case’)中的議題。它信託基金。該案的被告人，亦包括與普人，都被吸引到香港來。許多財產授予適時地提醒我們，財產授予人對該等資加喬夫育有數名子女的亞歷山德拉·托人一方面希望獲得可靠的信託保證，一產所施加的控制及其實施程度，是會受爾斯泰，她是俄國大文豪列夫·托爾斯方面又希望對所授予的財產，維持其一到限制的。太多不適當的做法，會對該泰的後人。這個家庭的背景，為該案增定程度的控制能力。此等情況，適用於信託做成損害。添了惹人注視的目光。案中所涉及的各在香港所設立的信託，又或是在離岸設 PUGACHEV 案個信託，其條款大致相同，主要的內容立並由香港負責管理的信託的財產授予如下：人。將資產轉移往一個信託，應當是真謝爾蓋·普加喬夫是俄羅斯的首富，他正的資產剝離。本文探討財產授予人在在1992年成立了一間名為Mezhprom a) 所有各個信託都是「酌情信託」；讓與資產的同時，是否亦能夠維持其在 Bank的銀行(以下簡稱「該銀行」)。該銀 b) 所有各個信託的「信託保護人」，主宰該等資產方面的能力。現實情況，行後來資不抵債，資產出現了22億美元都是財產授予人本人。當財產授予人真的是魚與熊掌，二者可以得兼嗎？的赤字。該銀行的清盤人向普加喬夫及去世後，又或是當他「處於無行為能其他一些人士提出10億美元的申索，而力狀況」時，他先前的一段婚姻中所這一要點，也是英國高等法院近期所其申索理據是，普加喬夫挪用了該銀行生的其中一名成年兒子，將會取而代

www.hk-lawyer.org 37 • January 2018

之，成為該等信託的「信託保護人」保護人」一詞，並非一個專門術語，而的目的而行使，抑或是它確實具有受信；及該人所扮演的角色，是為了對受託人進性質。為明確起見，假如是屬於前一種行監察。然而在上述案件中，「信託保 c) 該等「酌情信託」的受益人，是財產情況，則問題並不涉及是否合法，或是護人」一方面獲得授予有力的消極控制授予人本人，再加上若干名指定受益否存在不誠實方面的問題－而是「信託權，另一方面又獲得授予重大的積極控人，而他們都是財產授予人與亞歷山保護人」是否可以為利己目的而合法地制權，此等情況都支持作出以下的結論行事。情況若是如此，這便不屬於濫用德拉·托爾斯泰的子女。稱：財產授予人並沒有將自身剝離於所權力。法庭裁定，「信託保護人」可以提出質疑的理據授予的資產。基於其個人利益而自由行使該等權力。信託保護人的消極控制權清盤人就該等信託提出了兩項質疑。首該等權力並不屬於受信性質，而是一種該等信託的條款訂明，在以下的情先，他們認為，該等信託應被合理解授予給「信託保護人」的個人權力，讓況中，需要取得「信託保護人」的同釋為：它們並不能有效地將普加喬夫的他可以不受限制地，甚至是以利己的方意：(a)就任何人不再具有「酌情信託」實益所有權，從該等所授予的資產中剝式，來為其自身的最佳利益行事，而無受益人的身份而作出聲明；(b)進一步委離，因此該等信託是虛假的。其次，申需考慮其他作為一個類別的「酌情信任「酌情信託」的受益人；(c)分發收益索人認為該等信託是屬於偽裝的信託，託」受益人之權益。所得及/或資本(包括向任何受益人作出不具備任何效力。申索人在上述該兩項分發，但所有其他「酌情信託」的受益信託保護人於甚麼情況下「處於無行為質疑中，皆為了要指出，該等一般被認人除外)；(d)進行信託基金投資；(e)對信能力狀況」？為是獲得授予的資產，事實上並非由信託契據作出修改；以及(f)解除及撤銷受託所持有，故申索人有權就該等資產提如果「信託保護人」是「處於無行為能託人獲授予的任何權力。因此，(a)和(b) 出申索。法庭裁定，申索人所提出的該力狀況」，他須自動及即時停止作為是准許「信託保護人」界定誰人能夠受兩項質疑皆告成立。在下文，我們會首「信託保護人」。「處於無行為能力狀益，(c)是准許「信託保護人」決定誰人先討論該等信託實屬虛假的說法。況」的定義，除了通常被理解為無行為及何時能夠取得有關款項；(d)是賦予「能力外，還包括監禁、非自願拘留、身信託屬虛假的說法信託保護人」權力，可決定如何進行有體及精神上受到脅迫，以及「通過法律所有信託皆為酌情信託關基金的投資；而(e)和(f)是確立「信託的施行而被強制」等情況。基本上，如是甚麼因素導致該等信託具有酌情性質保護人」所享有的權力。這一系列的控果「信託保護人」不欲作出某些事情，呢？法庭指出，即使只是一項簡單的信制權，讓「信託保護人」得以有效地實但因為受到脅迫或強制，而被迫作出某託，也能有助於將資產的法定擁有權隱施高度的消極控制。些事情，在這情況下，他不能再成為「藏起來，因為公開紀錄顯示該名受託人信託保護人的積極控制權信託保護人」。法庭裁定，如果「信託是資產的擁有人。然而，它所能提供的保護人」的權力，只限於為作為一個類協助也僅止於此，因為財產授予人(而他此外，信託條款也賦予「信託保護人」別的「酌情信託」受益人(但不包括他自本身也是受益人)有可能會在法院程序積極的控制權。因此，「信託保護人」己)行事，那麼便無需有這一改良的「中，被強制承認其擁有相關的實益所有有權在具備或不具備因由的情況下將受處於無行為能力狀況」的定義存在。然權。「酌情信託」所提供的幫助是有效託人免職，並委任額外的受託人。事實而，正如所擬定的一般，如果「信託保的，因為受託人享有酌情決定權，可自上，倘若受託人並沒有向「信託保護護人」被迫作出一些他不願意做的事情( 行決定是否將有關的財產交予受益人。人－財產授予人」或他所選擇的受益人由於當中所存在的不確定性，財產授予例如將資產移交給債權人)，那麼，從那作出分發，則「信託保護人」有權將該人因此對有關的資產並不擁有所有權權一刻開始，他已失去其有效的完全控制等受託人免職，並另行委任更多肯聽從益，而他亦因此可以在法庭或其他法律權。該案的財產授予人試圖使人難以執其要求的受託人。基本上，這完全並非程序中，坦然無懼地表示他在所授予的行對該等信託的法庭裁決，而所有這些資產中，並不享有任何權益。這意味一個「酌情信託」，財產授予人依然對標誌都顯示，該案並不存在真正的資產著，一名肆無忌憚的人可藉著運用「酌其維持有效的控制。讓與。情信託」，向債權人隱瞞他的資產。信託保護人所享有的權力屬個人權力還財產授予人也是受益人以及其他重疊財產授予人作為各個信託的保護人是具有受信性質？角色一名「信託保護人」同時也是財產授予法庭亦會考慮「信託保護人」所享有的人的情況並不罕見。法庭指出，「信託權力，是否純屬個人權力，可以為利己此等經裁定的案件，顯示法庭有權從整體上，察看「信託保護人」的權力和

38 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • TRUST LAW 信托法

責任，以明確當中的真實情況。在Re 偽裝的說法結語 AO Revocable Trust [2010] 13 ITELR 嚴格來說，偽裝信託的情況並不存財產授予人及其顧問應當注意的是，資產 260一案中，財產授予人是唯一的受託在，所謂偽裝，是宣稱成立該信託的讓與在不論甚麼情況下皆必須是真實。如人，他有權免除自己在違反信託方面的作為或文件本身是偽裝。在Snook v 果某種方案的設計，其目的是為了將某程責任，並有權在任何時間撤銷該信託。 London and West Riding Investment 度的控制權或監督權交回財產授予人或「這一「權利與權力之間的相互關連」， [1967] 2QB 786一案中，Lord Diplock 信託保護人」，這也許是可以接受的，但再加上財產授予人是唯一受託人這一事指出 (at 802) 各當事方「必須具有共必須整體和個別地察看所有標誌，因為法實，使得該信託成為虛假。同意圖，亦即是說，該等作為或文件庭有權尋求事實的真相。某一項單一因素( 在Pugachev一案中，法庭裁定「該信的目的，並非是為了設定該等它們看例如，財產授予人並非受益人)可以事關重託的真實意思」，是普加喬夫並沒有將來設定的法定權利和義務。」所有各大，而且可以是關鍵的所在，但始終，所他的資產剝離，並且繼續維持其對該等當事方之間是否需要有「共同意圖」有情況都必須從整體上察看。，這一點是可以商榷的(比較Midland 資產的實益所有權。當中的弊端所在，財產授予人在維持其控制權方面，假如存 Bank v Wyatt [1995] 1 FLR 696 and 是「信託保護人」享有廣泛的權力，而在積極的圖謀，顧問及受託人便務須謹 Shalson v Russo [2003] EWHC 1637 他自己又是財產授予人和其中一名指定慎，不要過度遷就財產授予人的意願。顧一案)。然而，在該項裁決中，法庭於受益人。倘若情況並非如此，比如說：問和受託人自身必須具有獨立的思想和行審視了所有相關證據後，裁定「整項「信託保護人」是一個第三方；或是，動，以免法庭認為他們與財產授予人有共圖謀的真實情況是，財產授予人將會財產授予人自己並非又是受益人(即是謀的意圖，從而裁定案中存在偽裝情況。說，他只是一名監察者)；又或是，「信行使受託人的控制權，而財產授予人如果真有偽裝情況存在，這意味著，從來託保護人」只獲得授予較少的權力；或及受託人均預定情況會是如此……「就沒有設立任何信託，因此情況將無法還「信託保護人」並不享有在不具備因由偽裝」一詞準確地說明了該信託契據原。如果存在虛假信託，這意味著，確的情況下，將受託人免職的權力；又或的性質。」該項圖謀的設計，是要為實是有信託存在，但那只是一個被動信託是，該信託具有其特定目的。情況若然所有權(更確切地說，是要為沒有所有 (bare trust)。如果能夠修正有關的行為，如此，則最後所出現的結果應會有所不權)作假。因此，該等看來是獲得授予及/或對信託的條款作出更改，情況亦並非同。的資產，事實上並非由信託所持有，因而可用來滿足該銀行的清盤人的申無可改變，而原來的虛假信託，也因此可索。以成為一個真正的信託。 n

www.hk-lawyer.org 39 • January 2018

Why do Officials Swear (an Oath)?

By Philip J. Dykes SC, Barrister-at-Law Bernacchi Chambers

40 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 行政及憲法

suppose that the drafters of the prefaced his oath by saying “As someone In the early 1530’s Henry VIII wanted Basic Law thought it uncontroversial that believes that the head of state Pope Clement VII to annul his marriage Ito include a requirement that should be elected I make this oath in to Catherine of Aragon. The Pope the Chief Executive, Senior Officials, order to serve my constituents.” And the refused so Henry VIII rejected all papal Judges and Members of the Executive famous hard-liner leftist, Dennis Skinner, authority in his kingdom and set himself and Legislative Councils should, upon ‘the Beast of Bolsover’, once took the up as the supreme head of the Church assuming office, take an oath to uphold oath saying: ”I solemnly swear that I will of England. He was free to appoint his the Basic Law and swear allegiance to bear true and faithful allegiance to the own bishops, collect revenues and to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Queen when she pays her income tax.” confirm the validity of the annulment of Region of the People’s Republic of About half a dozen of the 2017 intake his marriage to Catherine in 1533 and of China. to Parliament qualified the words of the his marriage to Anne Boleyn in the same oath to make it clear that they regarded year. Official promissory oaths, including their first obligation in the House of oaths of allegiance had, after all, Commons was owed to their electors, Many persons in public life, including been part and parcel of the colonial not the Queen. the former Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas administration for over a century. The More, were unhappy to take the Oath oaths were in Part IV of the Oaths and The Clerks of Parliament who must of Supremacy contained in the Act of Declarations Ordinance, Cap. 11. They administer the oath may grit their teeth Supremacy 1534 that required them constituted an element of continuity when oaths of allegiance are made in to publicly acknowledge the new which was no bad thing and could be this way but they invariably admit to constitutional arrangements and reject easily adapted for the post-Handover the House these democratically elected the Pope. There were carrots enough for representatives of the people regime. However, recent events, those who wanted to buy into the new including high-profile court cases Some parliamentarians go further and regime, including buying confiscated that disqualified six legislators and avoid showy equivocation in oath-taking church property at knock-down prices, an Interpretation by the Standing while at the same time making a forceful but the Treasons Act 1534 was the very Committee of the National People’s point about the symbolic value of the big stick that encouraged people in two Congress on Article 104 of the Basic Law oath. minds about the new state religion to (“BL 104”) while two cases were being Sinn Fein Members of Parliament from get on board. heard, have shown that oath-taking is Northern Ireland, who are committed to This Act made it treason to disavow the anything but uncontroversial. the re-unification of a divided Ireland, new titles of Henry VIII. Establishing That should not really have been a will not swear the oath of allegiance as an act disavowal could be found in the surprise. English legal history shows that a matter of principle and so never take circumstances surrounding a refusal the allegiance element in official oaths up their seats in the House of Commons. to take the required oath. This was the had been used as a means to command This happens because electoral law case with Sir Thomas More who was one loyalty and exclude dissenting voices for confers the status of Member on of the first to be convicted under the over three hundred years. People had successful candidates when they are Treasons Act and was beheaded in 1535. suffered death, imprisonment and huge elected but the Promissory Oaths Act Over the next three hundred years the fines over them. Even today the oath of 1868 requires them to take the oath of purpose of the Oath of Supremacy allegiance to the Queen that is sworn allegiance in order for them to take part changed. Originally designed to by Members of Parliament in the UK at in the business of the House. flush out people of consequence who the beginning of a new Parliament is This arrangement amongst Sinn Fein regretted the passing of papal authority, problematic for some politicians who are members meets with the approval it became an effective tool to neutralise not enthusiastic about a monarchical of the electorate because they are all kinds of religious and political system of government. returned regularly on the basis of dissent. The text of the oath did not just their commitment to abstentionism. These Members take the oath with require the person making it to subscribe There are currently seven Sinn Fein reservations that are sometimes laid to the idea of the monarch as supreme M.P.’s. Choosing a representative in bare for all to see as proceedings in governor of the country and the Church the legislature so that he or she will Parliament are televised. The late Tony of England, but also required the maker not represent you is perhaps the most Benn began his Parliamentary oath in to abjure other faiths and not lend extreme form of democratic protest. 1992 with the words: “As a dedicated support to foreign powers. republican, and under protest, and The source of the problem with official The persons who were required to solely to serve my constituents, I declare oaths lies with the king who is regularly take the oath included public officials, and affirm...”. The Labour M.P., Richard voted one of the worst monarchs in officers in the army, post holders in local Burgon, elected to Parliament in 2015, English history, Henry VIII.

www.hk-lawyer.org 41 • January 2018

government, clergymen and MP’s. An competing oaths: “Now oaths are so similar measures were enacted to allow added refinement that was meant to frequent, they should be taken like pills, Quakers and other dissenters to take catch persons who swore the oath for swallowed whole; if you chew them, you up public posts and become M.P.’s by form’s sake was the introduction of the will find them bitter; if you think what permitting affirmations instead of oaths. Test Acts in the seventeenth century. you swear, it will hardly go down”. It was then the turn of Jews to be able These required individuals to attend Things changed when the threat of to stand for Parliament in 1858. Next Church of England services and take foreign armies invading to install a were atheists. They were allowed to the holy sacrament according to the Catholic monarch receded in the second affirm in 1888 after a series of court Anglican rite. Failure to comply resulted part of the eighteenth century. The penal cases involving the non-believing M.P. in massive fines. laws against Catholics were not enforced for Northampton, Charles Bradlaugh. The price of securing religious and with rigour. Religious belief began However, the last section of the political conformity was to exclude to be regarded as a matter of private population excluded from Parliament sections of the population from civil conscience rather than something that not because of religious beliefs, or the society. For instance, chances of a had to be imposed by the government of lack of them, was women. They had decent education were limited as the the day for national security interests. to wait another 40 years before being only universities existing in England admitted to Parliament. People also began to be sceptical of until 1832, Oxford and Cambridge, religious belief and brought logic to bear By the time Bradlaugh took his seat, the required members to take the Oath of on the subject. The English barrister Oath of Supremacy had been watered Supremacy. Catholics were in the first and political scientist, Jeremy Bentham, down into a simple pledge of allegiance rank of the politically neutered but, as thought the idea of man calling on God to the monarch. It has not changed in the Reformation gave rise to splinter to observe a promise ridiculous. He wrote 150 years: “I, (Insert full name), do swear protestant groups who would not follow in a book in 1817 calling for the abolition that I will be faithful and bear true the Church of England, Anabaptists, of testamentary and promissory oaths: allegiance to His/Her Majesty X, his/ Arians and Unitarians joined them. “On the supposition that, by man, over her heirs and successors, according to Another group on the margins were the the Almighty, power should, to this law. So help me God.” Quakers. This Christian sect formed in or any other purpose, be exercised or It was this anodyne oath that was the 1650’s took seriously the injunction exercisable, an absurdity, than which introduced into Hong Kong in the in the Gospel of St Matthew at 5, 34-37: nothing can be greater cannot be denied nineteenth century and lasted until “But I say unto you, Swear not at all; to be involved: -man the legislator and the shadow of 1997 fell on the political neither by heaven; for it is God’s throne. judge, god the sheriff and executioner; landscape. The people called upon to Nor by the earth; for it is his footstool: -man the despot, God his slave.” [‘Swear swear it were all, until 1985, appointees neither by Jerusalem; for it is the city of Not at All’ (1817)] and had no problems with it. After the great King. Neither shalt thou swear Matters came to a head after Ireland that year, things changed. Some Legco by thy head, because thou canst not joined England and Scotland in members in the colonial legislature make one hair white or black. But let 1801 in the new ‘United Kingdom of were elected and were given the option your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, Great Britain and Ireland’. The Irish of pledging allegiance to the Queen or nay: for whatsoever is more than these Parliament was dissolved and Irish pledging to serve the people of Hong cometh of evil”. Quakers would therefore M.P.’s would thenceforth sit in the Kong conscientiously. Most chose the not take any oath that called on a House of Commons. Voters in Ireland latter. Christian god. Jews, who had re-settled were overwhelmingly Catholic. The in England in the 1650’s, would also not It is perhaps a pity that an optional oath leading Irish political figure returned to take a Christian oath for obvious reasons. to serve the people of Hong Kong was Parliament in 1828, Daniel O’Connell, not included in BL 104. It is likely that the The English Civil War in the middle of was a Catholic. He could not take his recent constitutional ructions over oath- the seventeenth century gave rise to yet seat because of the Oath of Supremacy. taking would not have occurred. As it more oath taking designed to identify Insurrection was threatened across the is, I suppose the best advice I could give adherents of the Crown or Parliament. Irish Sea by his supporters. to any one taking an official oath now People found that a change of monarch The government of the day accepted after the recent Interpretation who has or a new parliamentary regime meant a that things had to change. The Roman misgiving is that given by John Selden change in the requirements of the oath Catholic Relief Act 1829 modified nearly four hundred years ago which is of allegiance. John Selden, a famous the Oath of Supremacy to make it swallow hard and do not think too much international lawyer, gave this practical acceptable to Catholics so they could about what you are saying. n advice to persons whose consciences take up seats in Parliament. Soon after were being stretched at this time by

42 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 行政及憲法公職人員為何宣誓？

REUTERS/POOL New

作者戴啟思資深大律師 Bernacchi Chambers

相信《基本法》的起草者在草擬中，對《基本法》第一百零四條進行解人作為一名共和政體的擁護者，我必須我《基本法》時，從來沒有想到他釋)，顯示香港在宣誓事宜方面確是存在表達我的反對聲音，以及我為我的選民們加上一項規定，要求行政長官、高級著爭議。服務之目的，我謹此宣誓和確認...... 」官員、法官、行政和立法兩會議員在就。於2015年當選的工黨國會議員Peter 這其實亦不足為奇，因為過去三百多年職時，必須宣誓擁護《基本法》，效忠 Burgon在宣誓時說：「我作為一名堅信的英國法律史告訴我們，就職宣誓中的中華人民共和國香港特別行政區，將來國家元首應當由人民選出的國會議員，效忠元素，一直是用來作為宣示忠誠及會有可能出現甚麼爭議。為服務我的選民而作出如下宣誓」。著壓制反對聲音的手段。有人為此而喪失名的左派強硬分子Dennis Skinner (‘the 畢竟，在過去一個多世紀，官員就職時生命，遭到監禁，又或是被處以巨額罰 Beast of Bolsover’)曾經如此宣誓說：所作的承諾宣誓(包括宣誓效忠)，早已款。即使在今天，每逢英國的新一屆國「我莊嚴地發誓，如果女皇也肯繳納所成為這殖民地政府的不可分割一部分。會會期開始，英國的國會議員便需要宣得稅，我會真誠地效忠於她」。在2017 該項宣誓的誓言，載於《宣誓及聲明條讀效忠女王的誓言，而對於那些反對君年進身國會的議員中，有大約六名曾經例》(第11章)第IV部。它有助鞏固宣誓主政體的政治人物來說，這是令他們感在其宣誓聲明中加入了其他意思，表明的延續性，而當香港的主權移交後，它到為難的。他們認為下議院議員的最重要責任，是仍然能夠在一個新建立的制度下有效適人們從電視轉播國會會期開始的情況履行對選民的承諾，而並非效忠女皇。用。然而，鑒於香港近期所發生的政治中，也可以看到這些國會議員對該等宣事件(包括六名立法會議員被褫奪議員這些英國國會議員的宣誓方式，雖然也誓形式所持的保留態度。已經去世的國資格這一矚目的法庭案件，以及全國人許會令執行宣誓工作的國會書記官感到會議員Tony Benn於1992年在國會宣誓大常委會於兩宗相關案件正在審理過程不悅，但他們並不會攔阻這些由人民直時，以下列說話作為他的開場白：「本接選出的代表進身下議院。

www.hk-lawyer.org 43 • January 2018

一些熟悉議事程序的資深國會議員會更價購買被充公的教會財產)，但1534年通體是貴格會。它是一個在十七世紀五十小心，避免在宣誓過程中說出一些模棱過的《叛國法》，卻具有相當大的懲罰年代創立的基督教群體，其信徒以極為兩可的說話，但他們同時也會堅持宣誓作用，讓那些對英格蘭的新國教抱持猶嚴肅的態度來遵守《馬太福音》第5章所具的象徵性價值。豫態度的人不得不無奈服從。第34-37節中的命令和吩咐。這些經文說：「但是我告訴你們，甚麼誓都不可來自北愛爾蘭的新芬黨國會議員致力謀該法律將那些不願意承認亨利八世享有起。不可指著天起誓，因為天是上帝的求分裂的愛爾蘭統一。他們基於其自身新頭銜的人判處叛國罪，而拒絕按上寶座；不可指著地起誓，因為地是祂的立場，因此不會表示宣誓效忠女皇，所述規定作出宣誓的人，皆有可能被視作腳凳；也不可指著耶路撒冷起誓，因為以他們亦從來沒有進身英國下議院。出拒絕承認亨利八世享有該新頭銜。Sir 耶路撒冷是大君王的京城。又不可指著現此等情況的原因，是由於在選舉中獲 Thomas More當時所面對的就是這樣你的頭起誓，因為你不能使一根頭髮變勝的參選人，他們雖然根據選舉法擁有一個情況，而他也是第一個根據《叛國白或變黑。你們的話，是，就說是；不國會議員資格，但1868年通過的《承諾法》被判定為有罪的人，並於1535年被是，就說不是。若再多說，就是出於那宣誓法》規定，他們必須首先宣誓效忠斬首。惡者」。因此，貴格會的信徒們不會向英王，才可進身下議院履行議員職務。接下來的三百年，這「至高無上的誓任何基督教神明起誓，而在17世紀50 新芬黨的成員如此行事，是獲得其選民言」之原來目的出現了變化。它的原意年代遷徙往英國的猶太人，也是基於此的認同和支持的，因此即使他們不能進是為了肅清那些因為教皇的權威被削去等明顯理由，不會作出任何基督教的誓身國會議事堂，他們的選民仍然會把票而感到不忿的人，但後來，它成為一項言。投給他們。現時的英國國會共有七名新有效調和各種宗教和政治爭端的工具。英國在十七世紀中葉爆發內戰，引發更芬黨成員，而選出一位不能在議會中代該等宣誓內容，不僅要求起誓人認同國多為了識別皇室或國會的擁戴者而作出表自己的議員，也許是一種最極端的民王是這個國家及英格蘭教會的最高領的誓言。人們發現，每當出現君主或是主抗議方式。袖，而且也要求他們放棄其他信仰及不國會更迭時，所宣誓效忠的內容也會隨得支持外國勢力。議員就職宣誓的問題，源於英國歷史上之發生變化。任何人如果因為作出一些經常被喻為最差劣的君主之一的亨利八需要進行宣誓的人，包括公職人員、軍相互矛盾的誓言而感到良心不安，著名世。官、地方政府官員、神職人員和國會議的國際律師John Selden給他們提供了一員。英國在十七世紀制定了《測試法》十六世紀三十年代初期，當時的英王亨些實際的建議：「今天需要起誓的事情，目的是要在形式上，規限那些需要進利八世期望教皇克萊門特七世同意讓他如此多，故起誓就好像吞藥丸一般，你行宣誓的人。該項法例規定，這些人需解除與阿拉貢的凱瑟琳之間的婚約。必須將它整顆吞下去。要是你咀嚼它，要出席英國教會的崇拜聚會，並且必須然而，克萊門特七世拒絕了亨利八世的你會嚐到它裡面的苦澀味。同樣地，要根據英國國教的儀式參加聖禮，而違反要求，亨利八世因此拒絕承認教皇在是你嘗試思考你所起誓的內容，你便會此等規定的人將被處以巨額罰款。英格蘭享有任何權威，並更進一步將自無法將這顆藥丸吞下去。」

己按立為英格蘭教會的最高領袖。他為了使人民在宗教和政治上趨於統一，到了十八世紀後期，當外國軍隊入侵英的此舉，讓他得以自由任命自己屬意的當中所須付出的代價，就是讓部分國民國，企圖扶植一位天主教君主的威脅減主教，以及收取信徒的獻金，而且更被排除於公民社會之外。比如說，當時退後，事情便出現了變化。針對天主教在1533年將他與凱瑟琳之間的婚約解能夠接受高尚教育的機會相當有限，而徒的刑法再沒有被嚴厲執行，宗教信仰除，並在同年確認他與安妮·博林(Anne 在1832年以前，英國只有牛津和劍橋兩開始被人們視為只涉及個人良心的問 Boleyn)之間的婚姻的合法性。所大學，而它們都要求校內成員必須根題，而不再是一些為了國家安全利益著據「至高無上的誓言」進行宣誓。最先許多擔任公職的人(包括前大法官想，必須讓政府強加於人民的東西。受到此等政治閹割的，便是天主教徒。 Thomas More)都不願意根據1534年的這時，人們開始對宗教信仰抱持懷疑態然而，由於後來所發生的宗教改革，導《至高無上法案》中的誓言進行宣誓。度，並從邏輯的角度來探索這方面的致出現了脫離英格蘭教會的新教團體；該法案要求公職人士須公開承認新訂立問題。英國的訟務律師兼政治學者傑里其後，再洗禮派、阿里安派和一神論者的憲政安排，並否定教皇在英格蘭享有米·邊沁認為，人們要求上帝鑒察他們都加入了這些新教團體。任何權威。對於那些願意服膺於新體制所作的誓言，這一想法是荒謬的。他在的人，他們可因此而獲得獎賞(包括以低另一個處於邊緣而不受大眾關注的群 1817年出版了一本著作，當中主張廢

44 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 行政及憲法

除有關遺囑和承諾的誓言：「如果假設訂，使它亦為天主教徒所接受，而他們和信實地效忠國王/女皇陛下X，以及其說，人類可以為了這一目的或任何其他所選出的議員，也因此得以進入國會履繼承人和繼任人，求上主幫助。」目的，行使超越至高者的權力，而祂不行職務。不久之後，英國政府再通過類這一較穩妥的宣誓形式，於19世紀引進得作出拒絕，那麼人類便成為了立法者似辦法，使貴格會以及其他不同政見者香港，並一直沿用下來，直至1997年不和法官，上帝成為了治安官和執行者；可以通過確認而非宣誓，進身英國國會確定政治環境的到來。在1985年之前，人類是專制的君主，上帝是他的奴隸。履行其職務。所有需要在香港進行宣誓的議員，全屬這一想法是極其荒謬的。」[‘Swear 1858年，猶太人亦循這一途徑進身英國委任議員，因此不存在效忠方面的問 Not at All’ (1817)] 國會，而緊隨其後的，就是無神論者。題；之後，情況便出現變化。在殖民地當愛爾蘭聯同英格蘭和蘇格蘭，於1801 在一連串涉及一名北安普敦郡國會議員時期的香港立法局，已經有一些議員是年共同建立了「大不列顛及愛爾蘭聯合 Charles Bradlaugh(他本身並沒有基督教透過選舉產生。他們在宣誓時，有權選王國」後，情況便出現了重大轉變。愛信仰)的訟案後，無神論者在1888年終擇宣誓效忠女皇，又或是宣誓效力本港爾蘭解散了其自身的議會，其議員成為於獲得確認成為英國國會議員。然而，市民，而在大多數情況下，這些民選議英國下議院的議員。愛爾蘭的選民絕大最後一個在英國獲得確認的群體卻是婦員都是選擇後者。多數是天主教徒，其政治領導人物Daniel 女。她們被排除於英國國會之外，原因令人感到可惜的是，《基本法》第一百 O’Connell於1828年當選成為英國國會並非因為她們自身的宗教信仰，又或是零四條並沒有載入議員效力本港市民的議員，而他本身也是天主教徒，因此為因為她們並沒有宗教信仰。在她們獲得另一選擇誓言，否則近期關於議員宣誓了那「至高無上的誓言」，他無法在英確認，得以進身英國國會之時，那已是的憲政風波便應該不會發生。基於香港國國會就職，而他的支持者則威脅稱，相隔40年後的事情。目前所面對的情況，我認為最恰當的做他們將會在愛爾蘭海一帶發動武裝起在Bradlaugh宣誓就職時，「至高無上的法，就是讓那些需要進行就職宣誓，但義。誓言」已經淡化成為一個對君主效忠的又對近期的人大釋法感到疑慮的人，採當時的政府也意識到必須作出改革，其簡單承諾，這情況一直維持了150年而納大約四百年前的John Selden所提議的後便於1829年通過了《羅馬天主教濟並無任何改變。其內容是：「本人(加入做法，就是：囫圇地嚥下去，對所要說助法》，對「至高無上的誓言」作出修全名)謹此宣誓，本人會根據法律，真誠的話，不必想太多。 n

www.hk-lawyer.org 45 • January 2018 Time for Revamping the Building Management Ordinance (Cap. 344)

By Doreen Kong, Partner, China-Appointed Attesting Officer Reed Smith Richards Butler

n view of the increasing number of to provide basic assistance to owners Formation of Incorporated large-scale developments (such as through the various District Lands Offices Owners (“IO”) Mei Foo Sun Chuen) in late 1960s, the on the formation of owners’ corporations I In British Columbia (“BC”) and Hong Kong Government promulgated and owners’ meetings. Australian Capital Territory (“ACT”), the Multi-storey Buildings (Owners This article aims to pinpoint some of strata corporation is established once Incorporation) Ordinance (Cap. 344) the characteristics and strengths of a strata plan is deposited or registered in June 1970 to provide a basic legal strata title management legislation in in a land title office, unlike Hong framework for property owners to form other countries, where the legislative Kong where formation of an owners’ owners’ corporations to manage their provisions are more forward-looking corporation is purely voluntary. The own buildings. The Ordinance was and comprehensive. For the purpose present system that we have (buildings substantially “modernised” in 1993 and of this article, strata management with owners’ corporations, with owners’ re-titled as the Building Management legislation of British Columbia (Strata committees or neither of them) has Ordinance (“BMO”) to facilitate Property Act), New South Wales (Strata made the building management the incorporation of owners and to Schemes Management Act 2015), framework more complicated for owners. provide them with specific powers and Australian Capital Territory (Unit Titles In those jurisdictions where owners’ responsibilities regarding management (Management) Act 2011), Singapore corporations are automatically formed of the common parts of the buildings. (Building Maintenance and Strata upon registration of a strata plan, Since 1993, the BMO has not undergone Management Act (Chapter 30C)) and buildings with fewer units may by a substantial amendments, though review Malaysia (Strata Management Act 2013) special resolution exempt itself from the has been conducted from time to time. are used as references. With the ageing requirement under the legislation. Since the enactment of the BMO, the problems of the buildings in the urban Government tried to persuade owners areas and the growing complexity of Meetings to form owners’ corporations to look the building management issues, I hope Regulations regarding meeting of after the day-to-day management of that the Government can borrow other owners’ corporations in other jurisdictions their buildings. The administration also countries’ experiences and consider a tend to safeguard the overall interests delegates the Home Affairs Department more thorough revamping of the BMO. of owners. For instance, in BC, before

46 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • LAND LAW 土地法

plans regarding the building. In BC, a committee are required to disclose developer is required to establish and conflict of interest to the management contribute to a contingency reserve fund. committee. The relevant member shall The contribution amount will depend on also be abstained from voting and when the first conveyance of a strata lot leave the meeting while the transaction takes place. The minimum contribution is discussed or put to vote. In some is five percent of the estimated operating countries, if the member does not disclose expenses of the interim budget if the the conflict of interest, the court will have first conveyance occurs no later than one power to set aside the transaction and year after the deposit of the strata plan. require that member to pay to the strata To protect the individual homeowners, corporation any profit. if the expenses accrued by the strata corporation for the period between the Obligations on managers first day of the month following the Managers in some countries are under month in which the first conveyance a statutory duty to provide a certificate takes place until the date the first annual to the purchaser and the contents of budget takes place are greater than the the certificate are prescribed in the estimated operating expenses in the legislation. This can standardize the kinds interim budget, the developer must pay of important information to be given to a the difference to the strata corporation purchaser and to a certain extent reduce within eight weeks after the first annual the risk of litigation between buyers and general meeting. sellers on matters such as undisclosed renovation plans or illegal structures. The developer is also under an obligation Some also impose clear obligations on to produce to the strata corporation at outgoing managers to deliver sets of the first annual general meeting plans, records as set out in the legislation within documents showing the actual location of a few weeks after the termination of the facilities, all contracts entered into for and the first annual general meeting, any management contract and failing which, on behalf of strata corporation, names resolution requiring a ¾ majority vote penalty is payable. and addresses of all contractors and can only be passed by a unanimous vote sub-contractors, all warranties, manuals, at a special general meeting. An annual Joint owners to appoint operating instructions etc. relating to the general meeting must be held by a strata representative building. If the developer does not comply corporation unless a waiver is obtained and if the strata corporation must pay In Hong Kong, the BMO only looks at from all the owners. In New South Wales to obtain those documents, the amount joint owners’ representation for meeting. (“NSW”), the original owner or developer of money shall be a debt owed by the In ACT, for joint ownership of a unit, is required to convene a meeting of the developer to the strata corporation. These owners must authorise an individual owners’ corporation after one-third of kinds of documents and information are who must be one of the owners to be the units are sold and penalty is payable particularly important for owners in case their representative. That representative for breach. To guide the owners, matters of major renovation and repair, which can represent the other co-owners to to be discussed and documents to be usually will take place say 15-20 years do anything that an owner may do or produced at the first meeting are well after the completion of the building and is required to be done for day-to-day defined in legislation. Electronic methods by then, most owners’ corporations or management of the building. of meetings such as by telephone are building managers may find it difficult allowed in some jurisdictions. In addition, to obtain the records and plans from the Owners’ corporation to if a meeting is attended by less than developers. prepare ten-year capital 50% of the strata corporation, any works fund plan resolution passed by a ¾ majority vote Disclosure of personal In NSW, owners’ corporations at law are shall be reconsidered at a special general interests by members of the meeting. required to prepare a plan of anticipated management committee expenditure on capital works for a ten- Obligations on developer The present provisions in the BMO do not year period commencing from the first annual general meeting of the owners’ There is an increasing trend to impose explicitly require disclosure of personal corporation, with the assistance of obligations on the developer, in interests by members of management experts. particular, on preparing the first budget or owners’ committees. In all the studied and handing over the documents and legislation, members of management

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Financial statement and accounting records of owners’ corporations Section 27 of the BMO only requires the management committee to prepare financial statements which shall include an income and expenditure account and a balance sheet. There are no specific requirements on the details to be disclosed in the financial statements. In NSW, the legislation stipulates in detail what has to be contained in the financial statements (such as particulars and amount of each item of expenditure during a period) and also requires the treasurer of an owners’ corporation to 修訂《建築物管理條例》 keep transaction records for moneys received and disbursed. (第344章)的時刻來臨 Dispute resolution Owners and owners’ corporations are 作者江玉歡，合夥人，中國委託公證人禮德齊伯禮律師行 reluctant to refer building management disputes to courts in view of the time 世紀60年代後期，香港的大型物；新加坡(Building Maintenance and Strata and costs involved. In some jurisdictions 業發展項目(例如：美孚新邨)陸續 Management Act) (第30C章))；及馬來西亞 such as NSW, their legislation clearly 上 sets out types of disputes, orders and 興建，政府因此於1970年6月通過《多層 (Strata Management Act 2013)。隨著香港 party who may apply for easy reference. 建築物(業主法團)條例》(第344章)，就業的市區樓宇日漸趨於老化，香港大廈的管 In NSW, they adopt a three-tier dispute 主立案法團的成立，以及業主管理其自身理問題亦變得益形複雜。作者謹此希望香 resolution system – namely, internal 樓宇方面，為其提供一個基本法律框架。港政府能借鑒別國經驗，積極考慮對《條 dispute resolution through a voluntary 該條例於1993年進行「現代化」，並予例》作出更為全面的修訂。 process developed by the owners’ 以大幅修訂，及被重新命名為《建築物管 corporation, structured mediation 成立業主立案法團 sessions and applications to their 理條例》(以下簡稱《條例》)，目的是協 Civil and Administrative Tribunal. The 助大廈業主成立業主立案法團，並就大廈在卑詩省和澳洲首都領地，當發展商向 Registrar of the Tribunal can refuse 公用部分的管理，為業主立案法團訂定具土地業權辦公室交存分層物業圖則(strata to deal with a matter if satisfied that 體的權責。然而，自1993年以來，當局 plan)或進行有關登記後，分層物業法團 mediation is more appropriate. In 雖然不時對《條例》的實施作出檢討，但 (strata corporation)便告成立。這與香港的 Singapore, Strata Title Boards (with 並沒有對其作出過重大修訂。大廈成立業主立案法團，純粹屬於自願性 building management professionals as 質的情況有所不同。香港業主現時所面對 board members) are set up to expedite 自《條例》實施後，政府積極鼓勵大廈業的大廈管理制度，是一個複雜的管理架構( resolution of building management 主成立業主立案法團，藉此協助管理大廈 disputes. 在該制度下，大廈可成立業主立案法團或的日常運作，並指派民政事務總署，透過業主委員會，又或是兩者都不予成立)，而 As half of the population in Hong 各分區地政處，就業主立案法團的組成和在上述司法管轄區，業主只要完成了分層 Kong are living in private or subsidized 業主會議的舉行，向業主提供基本協助。 housing (where building management 物業圖則的登記，業主立案法團便告自動 is a real-life issue) and the fees on 本文旨在論述其他國家所制定的分層成立，至於單位數量較少的樓宇，它們可 management, maintenance and 業權管理法例的若干特質和優點(當中以通過特別決議，豁免自身遵守有關的法 renovation are on an unprecedented 的法律條文更為具有前瞻性和廣泛性) 例規定。 rise, I hope that the new administration ，並於本文探討下列地方所實施的物業 could sense the urgency in improving 分層管理法例：卑詩省(Strata Property 會議 the framework of building management and conduct a more ingrained study Act)；新南威爾士州(Strata Schemes 其他司法管轄區的業主立案法團會議法 and reform the system. n Management Act 2015)；澳洲首都領規，通常都會將重點放在維護大廈業主的地 (Unit Titles (Management) Act 2011) 整體權益方面。例如，卑斯省規定，在首

48 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • LAND LAW 土地法

個週年業主大會舉行之前，任何需要3/4 如果大廈需要進行大型的翻新和維修工程法團的首次業主週年大會開始計算)的多數票通過的決議案，均只可以在特別業 (一般而言，大廈在落成後15 - 20年內便基本工程預算支出計劃，並由專家提主大會上，以全體一致的方式表決通過；須進行此等工程)，該等文件和資料對大供相關協助。而除非獲得全體業主給予豁免，否則週年廈業主來說尤其重要，但大多數的業主立業主立案法團的財務報表和賬目大會的召開，亦必須由分層物業法團負案法團或大廈管理公司，屆時將會很難從記錄責。新南威爾士州規定，某一大廈的住發展商那兒取得有關的記錄和圖則。《條例》第27條只規定管理委員會必須宅單位出售數量若已達三分之一，原來的擬備財務報表，當中並須包含收支賬目和業主或發展商便須馬上召開業主立案法團管理委員會成員披露個人利益資產負債表，但沒有明確規定該等財務報會議，違反這項規定的將被處以罰款。此《條例》的現行條文，並沒有明確規定管表須披露一些甚麼資料內容細節。新南威外，當地法例為了給大廈業主提供指引，理層或業主委員會的成員必須披露其個人爾士州的法例詳細規定了財務報表所必須故亦就首次會議所須討論的事項和所須擬利益。然而，環顧上述法例，它們皆要求包含的內容細節(例如：在某一期間每項訂的文件作出了規定。除此以外，某些司管理委員會的成員須向管理委員會披露一支出的細節和金額)，以及規定業主立案法管轄區亦允許業主以電子方式(例如透切可能的利益衝突。在商討有關交易的法團的司庫必須保存各項交易的收支記過電話)舉行會議。此外，出席會議的分過程中，或是當需要就有關交易進行表決錄。層物業法團成員數目，假如少於其成員總時，可能涉及利益衝的成員便必須放棄投數的百分之五十，則任何以3/4多數票通票和退出有關會議。有些國家規定，假如解決爭議有任何成員沒有披露任何可能存在的利益過的決議，均必須在特別業主大會上重新由於訴訟需要耗費大量的時間和金錢，因衝突，則法院有權將有關交易作廢，並要進行審議。此大多數的業主和業主立案法團，都不願求涉及利益衝突的成員向分層物業法團交意將大廈管理所涉及的糾紛提交法院審發展商的義務和責任出相關得益。理。某些司法管轄區(例如：新南威爾士發展商在今天需要履行的義務和責任日漸州)的法例闡述了各種爭議和命令，以及增加，尤其是在該大廈的首個預算的制管理公司的義務和責任可提出相關申請的當事方，以便公眾人士訂，以及該大廈的文件和圖則的移交等方也有一有些國家規定，物業管理公司須承能了解箇中情況。新南威爾士州所實行的面。卑詩省規定，發展商需要設立應急儲擔法定義務，向買方提供內容須依據法例爭議解決制度，共包含以下三個層次：備金(contingency reserve fund)，並提供規定的證明書。此舉有助規範須向買方提透過一個由大廈業主立案法團制訂的自願相關的資金，數額視乎某一分層物業在何供的各類重要資料，以及可以在一定程度性爭議解決程序，從內部來著手解決有關時進行首次轉易而定。進行首次物業轉易上，降低買賣雙方就未經披露的翻新計劃爭執；各個組織性的調解會議；又或是，的時間，如果是在分層物業圖則交存之後或非法構築物等事宜提起訴訟的風險。此向有關的民事和行政審裁庭提出申請。然的一年內，那麼發展商所須提供的最低金外，有些國家亦向被撤換的管理公司施加而，該審裁庭的司法常務官倘若認為解決額，應當是臨時預算中的估計運營開支的明確的責任，規定它們必須在管理合約終有關爭議的更恰當做法，應該是透過調百分之五。為了保障個別業戶，分層物業止後的若干星期內，交出一系列經由法解程序，那麼他有權拒絕受理該案。在新法團在首次物業轉易之後的下一個月份的例明確規定的資料記錄，違者將被處以罰加坡，當地成立了「分層業權委員會」首日，直至首個年度預算實行當日這期間款。 (Strata Title Boards)(該委員會的成員由大所產生的開支，如果是超過了臨時預算中聯名業主委派代表出席廈管理專業人士擔任)，以便能加快處理的估計運營開支，那麼發展商便必須在首大廈管理方面的糾紛。次業主週年大會召開之後的八個星期內，在香港，《條例》只是關注聯名業主委向分層物業法團支付當中的不足之數。派其代表出席會議的問題，而澳洲首都領香港有一半人口是居住於私人或資助房地的法例則規定，凡屬於由聯名業主所擁屋，大廈管理是他們的一個現實生活問此外，發展商有義務在首次業主週年大會有的單位，他們只可以授權他們其中一人題，而現時的大廈管理、維修及翻新費上，向分層物業法團提交以下的資料：顯作為代表出席會議，而該代表可以就該大用，正在前所未有地持續攀升。因此，作示各項設施之實際位置的圖則和文件；為廈的日常管理事宜，代表其他聯名業主作者謹盼望新一屆的政府能夠察覺到香港的分層物業法團簽訂，以及代表分層物業法出一名業主可以作出，又或是被要求作出大廈管理架構，確有迫切改革的需要，並團簽訂的所有合約；所有承建商和分判商的任何事情。為此進行更深入的研究，以期改良有關制的名稱和地址；以及，所有關於該大廈的度。 n 保證、手冊、操作指示等。如果發展商不業主立案法團制訂為期10年的基遵從上述規定，以致分層物業法團需要支本工程預算開支計劃付相關費用才能取得該等文件，此等費用新南威爾士州的法例規定，業主立案將會成為發展商對分層物業法團的欠債。法團須制訂一個為期10年(從業主立案

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INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業界透視

CIVIL PROCEDURE development but a number of points are 民事訴訟程序 worth emphasizing: Recovery of Solicitor Hourly • the new rates take effect with respect 追回律師每小時收費率 Rates to work done on or after 1 January 在香港民事法庭中，按「訴訟各方對評基 2018 (not before); When the increase in the solicitors’ hourly 準」評定訟費時適用的律師每小時收費率 rates for party and party taxation in the • the new band for solicitors practising 將會提高，消息在2017年12月公布的時 civil courts in Hong Kong was announced in Hong Kong with more than fifteen 候，幾可說完全沒有大鑼大鼓的張揚一 in December 2017 there was little or no years’ post-qualification experience fanfare. The “benchmark” hourly rates is welcome; experience counts and 番。訟費申索所參考的每小時收費率「基 by which claims for costs are referenced comes at an extra cost; 準」凍結多年不變，早就該提高的了。 had been frozen for years and were long • the solicitor hourly rates are not set 在這方面，當(例如)考慮到多年來的通 overdue an increase. in stone. They are for guidance and 脹，提高百分率就會完全合情合理。當 In this context, the percentage increases going forward (as in the past) there 然，「追討的差額」不斷擴大才是提高律 are fully justified when (for example) will be cases where parties recover taking into account inflation over hourly rates that are more or less than 師收費率的主要理由；「追討的差額」就 the years. Of course, the principal the benchmark rates; 是當事人支付給本身律師的費用和他們討 justification for the rate increases is the • the increase in the hourly rates 回的訟費之間的差額，而討回的訟費是由 widening “recoverability gap”; namely, applies in the District Court and is 法庭按訴訟各方對評基準評定(評估)的。 the difference between what clients pay timely in light of plans to increase its their lawyers and what they recover on a monetary jurisdiction in 2018. Costs (在自由市場)律師費用是按合約費率支付 party and party taxation (assessment) of recovery as between parties in the 的，費用跟隨通脹(尤其是商廈租金和薪 their costs by the courts. District Court is limited to no more 酬――隨便問一位律師行的管理合夥人 than two-thirds of the costs allowed Solicitors get paid their contractual 就清楚)增加。每小時收費率基準企穩不 in the High Court (RDC O. 62, r. 32(1A) rates (in a free market) and these rates 增，時間越長，「追討的差額」也越大。 (Cap. 336H)). While this rule appears increase with inflation (particularly, to be sacrosanct (for now) there is an 在敗訴方通常被命令支付勝訴方訟費的司 with respect to commercial rents and argument it is no longer appropriate salaries – ask any managing partner of 法管轄區裡，「追討的差額」擴大是眼前 given that (leaving aside certain a law firm). The longer the benchmark 所見越來越與令人感覺格格不入的事(同 specialist cases) litigation in the hourly rates stood still, the greater the 時接受在訟費的問題上，通常是有人贏也 District Court and in the High Court is “recoverability gap”. essentially the same; 有人輸)。 In a jurisdiction where an unsuccessful • attention now turns to the review 簡而言之，提高訟費收回率在原則上是合 party is generally ordered to pay a mechanism for the next adjustment, successful party’s costs it was becoming 理的，基於商業理由也是合理的。 expected to take effect in three to increasingly incongruous to see the four years’ time. The recently adjusted 關於這方面的發展已經說了很多，不過還 “recoverability gap” widen (while hourly rates are close to the rates 有幾點值得特別一提： accepting that there are usually winners recommended by the Law Society of and losers in matters of costs). • 新收費率適用於2018年1月1日或之後 Hong Kong in 2013–14. Therefore, if In short, the increase in the costs history is anything to go by, there is no (不是之前)完成的工作； recovery rates is justified as a matter of time to lose with the next review. • 增設執業經驗(指香港執業律師在取得 principle and on commercial grounds. - David Smyth, Senior Partner (Hong 執業資格後的經驗)達15年以上的組別 Much has been said about this Kong), RPC 是件好事；經驗有價，經驗越多，費

50 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業界透視

用越高； come with it. 競爭 • 律師每小時收費率並非刻在石頭上不 Since the Chief Executive Officer’s 可改變。它們是作指引用的，將來(就 appointment some six months ago 昂首挺胸，警惡懲奸像往時一樣)會有個案是訴訟方追討比 rarely does a moment go by without 某些本地報章去年近年尾有標題可能令部 some warnings in the market concerning 較基準還要高或還要低的每小時收費分人看得有點疑惑，報道內容大致是，根 sanctions for infringement of the city’s 率； competition laws. Notwithstanding this, 據競爭事務委員會(競委會)新總裁(行政總 • 增加的每小時收費率適用於區域法 the Competition Commission is yet to 裁，可不要與「行政司法長官」(Sheriff) 院，由於區域法院計劃在2018年提 take its first case to trial (thought to 混淆)所言，他希望「目無法紀的人被收高法院對金錢的司法管轄權，增加每 commence in June 2018). 監」。 The principal sanction under the 小時收費率來得正是時候。在區域法新總裁這些意見見報之後，市場有評論認 Competition Ordinance (Cap. 619) 院，訴訟各方之間追討的訟費不得超為，香港要為相關的收監措施建立足夠的 is a pecuniary penalty (sought by 逾高等法院准予的訟費的三分之二(《 the Commission and ordered by 支持，可不是一朝一夕之事。美國是全球區域法院規則》(第336H章)第62號命 the Competition Tribunal). There 成人監禁率最高的司法管轄區之一，伴隨令第32(1A)條規則)。雖然這條規則(現 is also provision for (among other 的問題絡繹出現；新任競委會總裁曾在美時來說)看來是神聖不可侵犯的，但由 things) disqualification orders 國擔任檢察官，看來在競爭事務方面已經 against individuals. Criminal offences 於區域法院和高等法院的訴訟案基本取得初步經驗。上是一樣(某些專業案件除外)，有爭論 (punishable by fines and imprisonment) do exist for things like providing false 自從六個月前委任行政總裁以來，市場難指規則早已不合時宜； or misleading information, destroying 有一刻聽不到一些關於違犯香港競爭法者 • 關注的重點現在轉到下一次調整收費 documents, or obstructing a search 所受懲罰的警告。儘管如此，競委會仍然率所用的檢討機制之上，預計用三四 warrant. 未將其第一宗案件提交法庭審理(料想在年時間實行。新近調整的每小時收費 As yet, no one is likely to do “hard time” 2018年6月展開)。率接近香港律師會在2013-14年建議 for contravening one of the Ordinance’s 的收費率。因此，根據歷史來判斷， two main conduct rules. 《競爭條例》(第619章)的主要懲罰是罰進行下一輸檢討刻不容緩。 It is interesting to watch any regulator 款(由競委會提出申請，競爭事務審裁處 (particularly, a nascent one) balance 作出命令)，亦有條文(其中包括)針對個人 - 施德偉高級合夥人(香港)，RPC talk of tougher sanctions with a need to 作出取消資格令。當中的確有(可判處罰 educate the market. 款和監禁的)刑事罪行，例如提供虛假或 Time will tell how talk of tougher 具誤導性資料、銷毀文件、妨礙執行搜查 COMPETITION sanctions sits with some of the more 令。 Sanctions – “Walk Tall” progressive members of the Commission. Local circumstances count and the line 到現時為止，無人有可能因為違反《競爭 Headlines in some of the local press from the song of the same name comes 條例》的兩大行為守則而「坐花廳」。 towards the end of last year to the effect to mind – “You walked tall each time you 一方面指出要有更嚴厲的懲罰，另方面又 that the new head of the Competition walked the line”. Commission (the Chief Executive Officer, 需要教育市場，看看監管者(尤其是新上 not to be confused with a “Sheriff”) - Michael Maguiness, RPC allegedly wished to “jail those who flout laws” may have raised a few eyebrows in some quarters. These observations were followed by comment in the market that (in fact) it could take years to build-up enough support for such measures in Hong Kong. The head of the Competition Commission appears to have cut his teeth as a prosecutor in the United States; a jurisdiction with one of the highest adult incarceration rates in the world and the attendant problems that

www.hk-lawyer.org 51 • January 2018

任的)如何平衡兼顧這兩個方面，也是一 case for an investigation into the and, if needs be, the courts can permit 件有趣的事。 company’s affairs with respect to redaction of irrelevant information (s. specified transactions (and the more 60B of the Personal Data (Privacy) 假以時日，我們就可知道競委會較進取的 specific the better). The transactions Ordinance (Cap. 486)). 成員可會支持新任總裁所說的更嚴厲懲 should prejudice the applicant’s Section 152FA has been described as a 罰。本地情況是個考慮因素，一首歌不 legitimate rights as a shareholder; “powerful right”. Applications pursuant 期然在心裡唱起來――「You walked tall • the fact that an applicant is motivated to s. 740 assumed a higher profile in each time you walked the line(每次你都昂 by other reasons (and matters may be 2017 and this looks likely to continue into 首挺胸，一往無前)」。 acrimonious between a shareholder 2018. and the company) is no bar to relief; - Michael Maguiness，RPC - Warren Ganesh, Senior • the courts are adept at knocking Consultant, RPC back “fishing expeditions” or reining in applications that seek too wide a CORPORATE range of documents. For example, 企業 an applicant cannot obtain access Shareholder Inspection of to all corporate documents since a 股東查閱公司文件 Corporate Documents company was incorporated and the 你如果從合資格股東根據《公司條例》( purpose of s. 740 is not to permit For a jurisdiction that is apparently 第622章)第740條向法庭提出的查閱公司 a shareholder to challenge routine at times a bit light on “shareholder 紀錄或文件申請去作評價，並不會明白有 activism”, you would not know it judging managerial decisions. That said, 時看來不大有「股東行動主義」的司法管 from court applications by qualifying the range of documents which a 轄區。 shareholders for inspection of corporate shareholder can obtain is potentially wide and “record” and “document” records or documents pursuant to s. 740 六年多以來，合資格股東一直利用這條文 have a statutory meaning; of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 622). 及現在已廢除但與之相等的《公司條例》 • the fact that an applicant seeks For six or so years this provision and (第32章)第152FA條來查閱公司紀錄。第 access to corporate records to assist its equivalent under the now repealed with preparations for possible claims 152FA條在2005年7月生效，不過一直到 s. 152FA of the Companies Ordinance against a company is not a bar 2011年才被使用。法庭應用於第740條的 (Cap. 32) have been used by qualifying to relief, provided the application 一般原則大體上與應用於第152FA條的相 shareholders to obtain inspection of otherwise comes within s. 740. corporate records. The previous section 同。 Indeed, applications pursuant to s. came into force in July 2005 but was 740 are often a precursor to other 除了顯示有關申請是真誠提出並且是為正 not put to use until 2011. The general litigation. If necessary, the courts 當目的而查閱有關紀錄或文件之外，申請 principles applied by the courts are can attach conditions to the use of 人必須說服法庭行使法庭酌情權，酌情批 essentially the same for s. 740 as they documents inspected while allowing were for s. 152FA. 准有關申請及所要求查閱的文件範圍。 an applicant to share them with his or Besides demonstrating that an her professional advisers; 實際上，未有證明這門檻難以跨過。事實 application is made in good faith and • a shareholder’s right to access 上，如果受屈的股東能夠「扎中法庭的良 that the inspection is for a proper corporate documents is distinct 心」，這是個很好的開始。判例法雖然取 purpose, an applicant must persuade the from a director’s right, although it 決於具體事實，但支持以下與第740條的 court to exercise its discretion both with may be the case that an aggrieved 申請有關的觀點： regard to the grant of the application shareholder is an ousted director; and the range of documents sought. • 申請者需要有足夠證據，證明有合理 • the general principles apply as much 論據調查與指明交易有關的公司事務( In practice this threshold has not proved to private companies as they do to difficult to overcome. Indeed, it is a good listed ones; 越具體越好)。有關交易應該是損害申 start if an aggrieved shareholder can • an order made pursuant to s. 740 請人作為股東的合法權利的交易； “prick the conscience” of the court. The does not authorize a person to • 申請人是被其他理由(可能是股東和公 case law, while fact specific, supports inspect any record or document 司激烈爭拗的事)推動並不阻礙濟助； the following points with respect to containing information that is subject • 法庭善於拒絕「無確定目標的試探訊 applications pursuant to s. 740: to legal professional privilege (s. • an applicant needs to have sufficient 742). Personal data privacy concerns 問」，也善於拒絕所要求的文件範圍 evidence that there is a reasonable usually take second place to litigation 過於廣泛的申請。例如，申請人不能

52 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業界透視

夠取閱自公司成立以來的一切文件， promote competition and attract foreign 法律顧問備忘錄並且第740條的目的不是准許股東質 capital in China’s financial services 疑管理層的例行決定。確切地說，股 sector, include that: 中國進一步開放金融市場東可以索取的文件範圍可能很廣泛， • The foreign ownership cap on 據國務院新聞辦公室網站消息，財政部副 securities, fund management and 但「記錄」和「文件」是有法定涵義部長朱光耀在2017年11月10日的新聞發的； futures firms, will be raised to 51% for a three-year period. After the 佈會上宣佈，中國將放寬並最終取消對銀 • 假如有關申請在其他方面符合第740條 three years, the cap will be lifted, and 行、證券、保險等行業的外資擁有權限的規定，申請人要求取得公司紀錄以 foreign investors will be permitted to 制。助做好向某公司索償時所要做的準備 hold 100% of these entities. 這些更改旨在促進中國金融服務業的競爭工夫並不阻礙濟助。事實上，根據第 • The foreign ownership cap on 力和對外資的吸引力，包括： 740條提出的申請通常是其他訴訟的先 Chinese banks and financial asset 兆。如有必要，法庭可附帶被查閱文 management firms will be lifted, • 外國投資者直接或間接投資證券、基件的使用條件，同時容許申請人與他 and foreign investment in this sector 金管理、期貨公司的投資比例限制放 will be subject to the same rules as 或她的專業顧問共用有關文件；寬至51%，上述措施實施三年後，投 domestic investment. • 股東取閱公司文件的權利有別於董事資比例不受限制。 • After three years, the foreign 權利，不過受屈的股東有可能是被攆 ownership cap on insurance • 取消對中資銀行和金融資產管理公司走的董事； companies that engage in life 的外資持股限制，實施內外一致的銀 • 一般原則在私人公司的應用與在上市 insurance business will be raised 行業股權投資比例規則。 to 51% from 50%. After five years, 公司的應不相上下； • 三年後，將外國投資者投資設立經營 the cap will be lifted, and foreign • 根據第740條作出的命令並不授權任何 investors will be permitted to hold 人身保險業務的保險公司的投資比例人查閱任何包含享有法律專業保密權 100% of these entities. 將由50%放寬至51%。五年後投資比的資料的紀錄或文件(第742條)。與訴 Each policy change will be carried out 例不受限制。訟比較，個人資料私隱的關注通常是 pursuant to specific regulations to be 每項政策更改將按照相關行業監管機構依 formulated or revised by each relevant 放在次位的，如果需要的話，法庭可照中國法律制定或修改的具體規定進行。 industry regulator in accordance with 以准許改動不相關的資料(《個人資料朱副部長沒有說明上述更改的具體實施時 Chinese law. Vice minister Zhu did (私隱)條例》(第486章)第60B條)。 not indicate a specific time frame for 間表。第152FA條向來被形容為一種「強大的權 implementing the changes. - Practical Law China 利」。2017年有更多股東高調地根據第 - Practical Law China 740條提出申請，看來情況有可能在2018 年繼續下去。

- 莊偉倫高級顧問，RPC高級顧問

GC AGENDA China to further open up financial markets According to the website of the State Council Information Office (SCIO), vice finance minister Zhu Guangyao announced at a press briefing held on 10 November 2017 that China would relax and eventually eliminate foreign ownership restrictions in the banking, securities and insurance industries. The changes, which are intended to

www.hk-lawyer.org 53 • January 2018

GC AGENDA 1994 measures would not affect the • 2008年1月1日後的勞動服務，根據 effectiveness of that medical subsidy 《勞動合同法》及相關實施細則釐 MHRSS repeals Circular system as the system can continue 定。 No. 481 on employee to exist under other legislation with 廢止1994年的辦法，結束了1994年辦法 compensation paralleling provisions. 的特別規定是否適用於計算2008年1月1 On 24 November 2017, the Ministry of - Practical Law China 日以後勞動服務期的僱員補償的爭議。 Human Resources and Social Security (MHRSS) issued a notice declaring the 法律顧問備忘錄 1994年的辦法內的制度亦規定了，僱員 Fifth Batch of Documents as invalid and 因患病或非因工傷而無法履行原來職責或 repealed. 人力資源社會保障部廢止第調任職位而終止僱用的醫療補助金。不 The list of repealed rules includes the 481號關於僱員補償的通知過，1994年的辦法廢止並不會影響該醫 Measures on Economic Compensation 療補助金制度的成效，因為這個制度的相人力資源社會保障部於2017年11月24日 for Violating or Terminating Labour 關條文繼續存在於其他法例。發佈關於第五批宣佈失效和廢止文件的通 Contracts 1994, which was the seminal rule for calculating economic 知。 - Practical Law China employee compensation for violating or 廢止的文件包括勞動部於1994年印發關 terminating a labour contract. 於《違反和解除勞動合同的經濟補償辦 GC AGENDA Provisions of the 1994 measures were 法》的通知，該通知是計算違反或終止勞 largely superseded by the Labour 動合同時對僱員作經濟補償的重要規則。 SAFE further tightens Contract Law 2012 that was originally controls on outbound bank adopted in 2008 and subsequently 1994年的辦法基本上已被2012年的《勞 guarantees amended and issued anew in 2012. 動合同法》取代，該法於2008年通過， However, the continued existence of 隨後於2012年進行了修訂和重新頒佈。 On 24 November 2017, the State the 1994 measures led to differing 然而，1994年的辦法持續存在，導致一 Administration of Foreign Exchange interpretations of some compensation (“SAFE”) issued the Notice on Perfecting 些賠償問題實際上出現解釋分歧。廢止 issues in practice. By repealing the 1994 the Foreign Exchange Administration of 1994年的辦法，人力資源社會保障部明 measures, the MHRSS has clarified that Outbound Guarantees of Foreign Loans an employee’s economic compensation 確規定僱員的經濟補償根據以下釐定： by Domestic Banks (the “notice”). The is determined: • 2008年1月1日前的勞動服務，根據 notice aims to strengthen the foreign exchange control of domestic banks • by reference to the 1994 measures 1994年的辦法釐定；或 for the service period before 1 January 2008; or • pursuant to the Labour Contract Law and related implementing rules for the service period after 1 January 2008. The repeal of the 1994 measures puts an end to the dispute of whether the special rules in the 1994 measures would apply when determining the employee compensation for the service period after 1 January 2008. The 1994 measures also provided a system for determining medical subsidy on the termination of employment where an employee suffered illness or non-work-related injuries and is unable to perform the original duties or the duties of another reassigned position. However, the repeal of the

54 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業界透視

that provide outbound guarantees by 法律顧問備忘錄 Before Willers, the tort of malicious requiring banks to: prosecution was traditionally limited to the malicious prosecution of • Confirm the qualifications of an 外管局進一步收緊銀行內保 criminal proceedings, potentially offshore borrower, where it is directly 外貸 providing redress to a party who had or indirectly controlled by a domestic 國家外匯管理局於2017年11月24日發佈 successfully defended such proceedings. resident, by mainly examining 《關於完善銀行內保外貸外匯管理的通 The malicious prosecution of civil whether it meets the relevant 知》(以下簡稱《通知》)。《通知》旨在 proceedings had been potentially administrative requirements on available in limited situations - often outbound investment. 透過對境外提供擔保的國內銀行作出以下要求，加強外匯管制： involving immediate damage, such as • Conduct due diligence to confirm the presenting a winding-up petition, but likelihood of an offshore borrower’s • 如果債務人為境內居民直接或間接控制 not the disciplinary proceedings of a City performance by identifying the 的境外機構，應審核其是否符合境外投 Council, such in Gregory v Portsmouth source of the borrower’s first 資相關管理規定。 City Council [2000] 1 AC 419, where Lord repayment, operating status, debt • 對債務人進行盡職調查，包括首次還款 Steyn had not been persuaded that ratio and so on. 來源、經營狀況、負債率等，以確定境 extending the tort to civil proceedings • Accept primary liability and perform 外債務人履約的可能性。 generally was necessary. using their own funds when a default Willers followed soon after Crawford on the principal debt occurs, instead • 在發生債務違約時承擔第一賠付責任， Adjusters (Cayman) Ltd v Sagicor General of performing by purchasing foreign 使用自有資金履約，而不得以反擔保資 Insurance (Cayman) Ltd [2014] AC exchange on the strength of a 金購匯履約。 366, where, by 3:2 majority, the Privy counter-guarantee. 《通知》亦重申，內保外貸的資金不得用 Council (on appeal from the Cayman The notice also reiterates that proceeds 於進行套利或投機性交易，如投資境內銀 Islands), held that bringing a claim of a foreign loan should not be engaged 行間債券或證券市場。如果內保外貸項下 based on the malicious prosecution of in arbitrage or other speculative 資金用於獲得對境外其他機構的股權或債 civil proceedings is within the scope of transactions, such as investing in 權，該投資行為須符合國家關於境外投資 the tort of malicious prosecution. Lord China’s inter-bank bond or securities 的相關政策及相關部門的規定。《通知》 Wilson delivered the leading judgment. markets. Where the proceeds are used to obtain the equity or debt of another 呼應了2017年8月17日發改委、商務部、 Willers resolved the tension between foreign institution, the investment 人民銀行及外交部發佈的《關於進一步引 Gregory and Crawford, and confirms should be consistent with China’s 導和規範境外投資方向的指導意見》中的 the extension of the tort under English policy guidance and administrative 相關內容。 common law to both civil and criminal rules on outbound investment. This matters. 實踐上，外管局可將《通知》詮釋為適用 reflects the Guiding Opinions on Further 於任何進行內保外貸的境內機構或個人， Hong Kong position Guiding and Regulating the Directions 而不僅限於銀行。 Shortly before Willers, the Hong Kong of Outbound Investment 2017 jointly Court of Appeal (Pathak Ravi Dutt v issued by the National Development - Practical Law China Sanjeev Maheshwari) (CACV 129/2014, and Reform Commission (NDRC), the 14/12/2015) summarised the essential Ministry of Commerce, the People’s elements for a plaintiff to prove in an Bank of China and the Ministry of TORT action for malicious prosecution, one Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic being that the plaintiff was prosecuted of China on 17 August 2017. Malicious Prosecution: by the defendant, ie, the law was set In practice, SAFE may interpret the Extension of the Tort to Civil in motion against the plaintiff by the notice to also apply to any domestic Proceedings defendant “on a criminal charge.” institution or individual that guarantees Since then, and in light of Willers, the an offshore loan, and not just to banks. In July 2016, the UK Supreme Court delivered its decision in Willers v Joyce Hong Kong courts have considered - Practical Law China & Anor [2016] UKSC 43, and, by 5:4 the application of the tort of malicious majority, held that the tort of malicious prosecution to civil proceedings. In prosecution of civil proceedings is Sum Cheung Wai v Tsui Hin Yuet (CACV sustainable under English law. 57/2016, 26/08/2016), the Court of Appeal noted Crawford, Gregory and

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Willers, and commented in passing that should be able to recover “damages for 侵權 the matter was one of current debate, foreseeable economic loss beyond out- although it did not arise directly in that of-pocket expenses.” 惡意檢控：侵權行為延伸到民 case. In Willers , the majority had no difficulty 事法律程序 In Yanfull Investments Ltd v Datuk Ooi in heads of damage for damage to 在2016年7月，英國最高法院頒發Willers Kee Liang (HCA 687/2015, 15/04/2016), reputation, health, and earnings, and v Joyce & Anor [2016] UKSC 43案的判 Chan J heard a summons to set aside an allowed Mr Willers’ claim to recover the 決，以大比數5:4裁定，在英國法律下， order granting leave to serve the writ out difference between legal costs incurred of the jurisdiction. The summons alleged in defending the initial claim (£3.9m) 惡意檢控構成的侵權罪在民事法律程序可 that in its ex parte application, Yanfull and the amount recovered under the 以成立。 had not shown a serious question to be costs order (£1.7m) to go to trial, broadly 在Willers案之前，惡意檢控構成的侵權行 tried on the malicious prosecution of civil as that action had been discontinued 為，傳統上局限於在刑事法律程序作出的 proceedings. Chan J noted Crawford, and shortly before trial and the Court had not held that there was not enough material considered allowing indemnity costs. 惡意檢控，該刑事法律程序成功抗辯的一 to “hold that this cause of malicious 方有可能得到補償。過往在民事法律程序 Comment prosecution is so devoid of merit that I 中，只在有限的情況才有惡意檢控――通 can strike it out”, striking out the claim Lord Mance noted in Willers that claims 常涉及直接損害，例如提出清盤呈請，但 for malicious prosecution were virtually on limitation grounds instead. 不是市議會的紀律程序，例如在Gregory extinct in England. In both Crawford and By the time the appeal was heard, Willers v Portsmouth City Council [2000] 1 AC Willers, the law did not otherwise afford had been delivered and the parties and a remedy to the claimants who had been 419案，Lord Steyn並不認同整體上有必 Court seemed to pre-suppose that the subjected to the malicious prosecution 要將侵權行為延伸到民事法律程序。 cause of action exists in Hong Kong of civil proceedings, and the extension (CACV 114/2016, 15/03/2017). Yanfull 緊接Willers案之前的是Crawford Adjusters of the tort may provide helpful redress lost the appeal, and applied to the Court (Cayman) Ltd v Sagicor General Insurance for Hong Kong plaintiffs who have been of Appeal for leave to appeal, asking, (Cayman) Ltd [2014] AC 366案，在 subjected to the malicious prosecution of inter alia, if the common law of Hong a civil action. Crawford案，樞密院(原開曼群島上訴案) Kong included the tort of the malicious 以大比數3:2裁定，基於在民事法律程序 prosecution of civil proceedings - the Of notable interest is that the new 作出的惡意檢控而提出的申索屬於惡意檢 Court of Appeal holding that this was boundaries of the expanded tort are 控構成的侵權行為。Lord Wilson頒發主要 academic, given the strike out was on still to be explored - Lords Mance and limitation grounds (CACV 114/2016, Neuberger, who each gave dissenting 判決。 judgments in Willers, suggested that 02/06/2017). Willers案消除Gregory案和Crawford案之間 logically the tort could extend to a In Chua, Grace Gonzales v Sobrevilla, 的張力，確認將英國普通法下的侵權行為 malicious defence, or to an individual Rhennie Boy Fernandez (DCCJ 延伸到民事案件和刑事案件。 application or step in litigation, to family 3750/2015, 24/08/2017), Her court or even to arbitral proceedings. Honour Judge Winnie Tsui noted 香港的情況 the developments in Sum Cheung However, those possible expansions 在 Willers案之前不久，香港上訴法庭 notwithstanding, succeeding in a claim and Yanfull, and observed that there (Pathak Ravi Dutt v Sanjeev Maheshwari) seems to be an implicit acceptance for malicious prosecution will be difficult. (CACV 129/2014，14/12/2015)總結就 that the malicious prosecution of civil The majority in Willers noted that a 惡意檢控提出訴訟的原告人所必須證明的 proceedings is “a viable tort in Hong claimant must prove an “absence of Kong.” reasonable and probable cause”, and 要素，其中一項是原告人遭被告人起訴， that “the defendant did not have a bona 即是說，被告人針對原告人發動「刑事檢 Damages fide reason to bring proceedings”, which 控」。 A claim for malicious prosecution is “means that the claimant has a heavy 自此之後，香港法庭以Willers案作為借 actionable on proof of some identifiable burden to discharge.” damage. 鏡，考慮將惡意檢控構成的侵權行為 - Mitchell Birks, Senior Associate, Hill 應用於民事法律程序。在Sum Cheung In Crawford, the Court allowed general Dickinson Hong Kong damages for distress, hurt and Wai v Tsui Hin Yuet案(CACV 57/2016 humiliation, and held that a claimant ，26/08/2016)，上訴法庭提到Crawford

56 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • INDUSTRY INSIGHTS 業界透視

案、Gregory案、Willers案，也順帶提到有關事宜是目前備受爭論的話題之一，雖然它不是在該案直接產生。

在Yanfull Investments Ltd v Datuk Ooi Kee Liang(HCA 687/2015，15/04/2016)，被告人發出傳票，申請把批准原告人在司法管轄區外送達令狀的命令作廢，該傳票由陳法官進行聆訊。該傳票指稱Yanfull沒有在其單方面提出的申請中表明，法庭將會審理一個關於在民事法律程序作惡意檢控的嚴肅問題。陳法官提到Crawford案，認為當時資料不夠，不足以「裁定這個有關惡意檢控的訴因欠缺任何理據，以致本席可以將它剔除」，反而以時效屆滿為由，剔除申索。

上訴進行聆訊的時候，Willers案已經作出了判決，訴訟各方和法庭似乎預先假定 Neuberger各自在Willers案作出異議判詞，那個訴因在香港存在(CACV 114/2016 理因為名譽、健康、收入上的損失所列出認為在邏輯上，侵權行為可以延伸到惡意，15/03/2017)。Yanfull上訴失敗，向上的損害項目並無困難，最後判Willers先生抗辯，或個人申請或者訴訟期間的某個階訴法庭申請上訴許可，藉上訴要求釐清( 申索得直，並准許就訟費令的討回金額段、家事法庭，甚至仲裁程序。除了別的問題之外)香港普通法是否包括進行審訊，大體上是因為訴訟在臨近開審在民事法律程序作出惡意檢控所構成的侵時中止，但法庭未有考慮允許給予彌償訟然而，雖然有可能延伸侵權行為，但關於權行為――上訴法庭考慮到時效屆滿是剔費。惡意檢控的申索很難成功。在Willers案，除申索的理由，認為所問的是純理論的問評論大多數法官提到，申索人必須證明「沒有題(CACV 114/2016，02/06/2017)。合理及可能的因由」，以及「被告人沒有 Lord Mance在Willers案提到，關於惡意檢真誠理由支持自己提起法律程序」，「意在Chua, Grace Gonzales v Sobrevilla, 控的申索實際上在英格蘭已經銷聲匿跡。思是申索人得承擔一項沉重的責任」。 Rhennie Boy Fernandez案(DCCJ 在Crawford案和Willers案，法例同樣不以 3750/2015，24/08/2017)，徐韻華法其他方式向在民事法律程序被惡意檢控的 - Mitchell Birks, Senior Associate, 官提到在Sum Cheung案和Yanfull案的發申索人提供補救方法，對於在香港民事訴 Hill Dickinson Hong Kong 展，指出現在雖然沒有言明，但似乎接受訟中被惡意檢控的原告人來說，延伸侵權了在民事法律程序提出的惡意檢控是「在行為將會提供有用的補償。香港可作為訴因的侵權行為」。特別有趣的是，已經延伸的侵權行為的新損害賠償界限仍然有待探討――Lord Mance和Lord 關於惡意檢控的申索是可以就某些可以確定並經證明的損害予以訴訟的。

在Crawford案，法庭准予精神壓力、傷害 Feel free to write in to us with more short contributions on latest industry developments and trends. Simply contact the editor at: [email protected] 及羞辱的一般損害賠償，並裁定申索人應本刊歡迎各位提交短篇文章，廣大讀者分享業界的最新發展和動態。請與本刊編輯聯絡。當能夠「除了實付費用之外，就預見的經電郵：[email protected] 濟損失追討損害賠償。」

在Willers案，Willers先生提出申索，追討 The information provided here is intended to give general information only. It is not a complete statement 就原初的申索作抗辯時所產生的法律費 of the law. It is not intended to be relied upon or to be a substitute for legal advice in relation to particular circumstances. 用(390萬英鎊)和根據訟費令收回的金額本欄所提供的資訊僅屬一般資訊，並不構成相關法律的完整陳述，亦不應被依賴為任何個案 (170萬英鎊)之間的差額，大多數法官處中的法律意見或被視作取代法律意見。

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CASES IN BRIEF 案例撮要

CIVIL PROCEDURE Held, dismissing the Application, that: third interview had been admitted as evidence at trial. X had not shown • The discovery application should not how the CRC members’ names Tsang Tak Wai v Building Authority be granted. First, the gathering and and signatures, which had been [2016] CHKEC 1523 production of evidence should take deleted, were directly relevant to the Court of Appeal place at the first instance hearing, Application. (See paras. 11–12, 16–17.) Civil Appeal No 104 of 2016 and not on appeal. In applications • The documents in (3) and (4) did Chu and Poon JJA for leave to apply for judicial review, in particular, the applicants must not meet the conditions in Ladd v 9 November 2016 show that the intended judicial Marshall. As for (3), the Guidelines review applications were reasonably were not relevant to any grounds Civil procedure — discovery — in the Application. Rs had supplied application for discovery on appeal arguable with realistic prospects of success, and the Court of First X with documents concerning the — evidence should be adduced Instance determined the applications scope of interview assessments and at trial, not appeal —whether on the basis of the evidence adduced if, as he now argued, the Guidelines documents sufficiently specified, by the applicants. In hearing appeals were “crucial”, he should have applied relevant and necessary — Rules of from the Court of First Instance, the to the Judge for their disclosure as the High Court (Cap. 4A, Sub.Leg.) Court of Appeal was exercising the evidence in the Application. The reason proffered for seeking discovery O. 24 rr. 7, 7A, 8 appellate jurisdiction under s. 13(2) of the High Court Ordinance (Cap. 4), amounted to a new argument Civil evidence — appeal — raised only on appeal and this was and should therefore not have regard impermissible (Ladd v Marshall [1954] adducing further evidence — to evidence that was only produced 1 WLR 1489 applied). (See paras. 8, whether conditions in Ladd v after the trial judges’ determinations 14–15.) Marshall satisfied (Po Fun Chan v Winnie Cheung (2007) 10 HKCFAR 676 at [49]–[53], Cheuk • The documents in (5) did not satisfy X unsuccessfully applied for leave to Shu Yin v Lo Yeuk Kan [2017] 4 HKLRD O. 24 rr. 7, 7A and 8 of the RHC, apply for judicial review (the Application) 837 at [12] applied). (See paras. 7, since the Secretary, who was not of the decision of the Building Authority 9–10.) required to take or preserve such (the BA) (the Decision) refusing a notes, was no longer in possession • Second, X had not shown that the company’s application to appoint him of any interview notes; and they were documents in (1), (4) and (6) were to act on its behalf under the Buildings also not substantially related to the relevant to an issue in the intended Ordinance (Cap. 123). On appeal to the Application or appeal. (See paras. 11, proceedings or that discovery was Court of Appeal, X took out a summons 18–20.) applying for, inter alia, discovery of: necessary either for disposing fairly of Application (1) all documents relevant to the case the cause or saving costs as required to be used as evidence in the appeal; under O. 24 rr. 7A and 8 of the Rules This was an application for discovery (3) guidance notes (Guidelines) for of the High Court (Cap. 4A, Sub. of documents by the first and second interviews of the Contractors Registration Leg.) (RHC). The “documents” in (1) putative respondents on appeal by Committee (CRC); (4) complete record of and (6) were unspecified and vague the applicant against the judgment of X’s three interviews; (5) CRC’s secretary’s and their scope was too extensive. Andrew Chung dismissing his application record of the three interviews; and As for (4), the records of the first two for leave to apply for judicial review of inspection of (6) all documents relating interviews were not directly relevant a decision of the first respondent (see to the case held by Rs to see if they had to the Decision, which was the focus [2016] CHKEC 464). The facts are set out all been submitted to the Court. of the Application. The record of the in the judgment.

58 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • CASES IN BRIEF 案例撮要

民事訴訟程序訴時進行。尤其是司法覆核許可申請，求披露文件所提出的理由構成在上訴申請人必須證明他擬提的司法覆核可時才提出新論據，這在法律上是不容 Tsang Tak Wai v Building Authority 合理地辯證成立，且具有真實的成功許的(引用Ladd v Marshall [1954] 1 CASES IN BRIEF [2016] CHKEC 1523 機會。原訟法庭是基於申請人提交的 WLR 1489)。(見第8、14–15段) 上訴法庭證據審理申請。上訴法庭在審理上訴 • 關於第(5)項申請，委員會秘書沒有被民事上訊案件2016年第104號時，是行使《高等法院條例》(第4章) 規定必須做面試筆記或保留任何面試上訴法庭法官朱芬齡第13(2)條下的上訴司法管轄權，審理筆記，而因為委員會秘書並無保留任案例撮要來自原訟法庭的上訴，因此不應考慮在何做過的面試筆記，在這項申請的文上訴法庭法官潘兆初原審法官作出裁決後才向法庭提交的證 2016年11月9日件並不符合《高等法院規則》第24號據(引用Po Fun Chan v Winnie Cheung 命令第7、7A及8條規則的規定；況 (2007) 10 HKCFAR 676第[49]–[53] 民事訴訟程序 — 文件披露 — 上訴且，該等文件與該申請或上訴並無實段、Cheuk Shu Yin v Lo Yeuk Kan 時申請披露文件 — 證據應當在審際關係。(見第11、18–20段) [2017] 4 HKLRD 837第[12]段)。(見訊時而不是上訴時引用 — 文件是應用第7、9–10段) 否夠具體、具相關性及必要性 — 這是一宗申請披露文件的案件。原訟法庭 • 其次，X未能顯示第(1)、(4)、(6)項申《高等法院規則》(第4A章，附屬法官鍾安德駁回X就第一指認答辯人的決請的文件與擬提出的法律程序中的爭法例)第24號命令第7、7A、8條定所提出的司法覆核許可申請， X針對鍾論點有關，或就訟案作公平處置或就節規則法官的判決提出上訴，上訴時提出申請，省訟費而有必要作出文件透露，因此不要求第一及第二指認答辯人披露文件(見民事證據 — 上訴 — 引用其他證據符合《高等法院規則》(第4A章，附屬 [2016] CHKEC 464)。案情已在判決書詳 — 是否符合根據Ladd v Marshall案法例)第24號命令第7A及8條規則的規細列出。訂立的條件定。第(1)和(6)項申請沒有說明要求披某公司申請委任X作為《建築物條例》(第露的具體「文件」，流於空泛，涉及 123章)之下代其行事的人，建築事務監督文件範圍亦太廣泛。至於第(4)項，之 COMPANY LAW 拒絕批准申請(該決定)，X就該決定申請准前兩次面試與該決定沒有直接關係，而 David Moy v Official Receiver 許提出司法覆核(該申請)，但該申請被駁該決定是該申請的焦點。第三次面試的 [2017] HKEC 2545 回。X向上訴法庭提出上訴時發出傳票，記錄在原審時已獲接納為證據。X未能 Court of First Instance 傳票內容包括要求透露以下文件：(1)所有顯示已被刪除的委員會成員姓名和簽名與該申請有何直接關係。(見第11–12 Companies Winding-up Proceedings 與案件相關的文件，以作為上訴時使用的 No 20 of 2014 證據；(3)適用於承建商註冊事務委員會、16–17段) Harris J (委員會)的面試的指引(該指引)；(4)X三次 • 第(3)及(4)項申請的文件不符合根據 8 September 2017 面試的完整記錄；(5)委員會秘書保存的三 Ladd v Marshall案訂立的條件。至於第 (3)項申請，該指引與該申請的理由全次面試記錄；並審視(6)眾答辯人所持有與 Company law — winding-up 案件相關的文件是否已毫無保留地全數交不相關。眾答辯人已向X提供有關面試 — permanent stay — debts of 予法庭審理。考核範疇的文件，如果該指引是「關鍵 original creditors settled by 文件」(X所爭拗的)，X早應向原審法裁決 –駁回該申請： third parties — stay appropriate 官提出申請，要求眾答辯人披露，使它 • 不應批准披露文件的申請。首先，搜 where criteria in Re Outboard 成為在該申請聆訊時的證據之一。就要 Marine Corp Asia Ltd met and 集和提交證據應在原審時而不是在上 undertakings given by third parties not to enforce claims for relevant sums

A contributory of C, a company in liquidation, sought a stay of the winding- up and the discharge of the Official Receiver as provisional liquidator on the ground that its principal asset held by a subsidiary, S, was sufficiently valuable that, if C’s debts could be adequately

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addressed, C should be revived to 公司法 CRIMINAL LAW AND operate that asset through S. The Official PROCEDURE Receiver confirmed that there was no David Moy v Official Receiver reason to decline the application; and [2017] HKEC 2545 HKSAR v Hui Chi Fung the Court ordered her fees to be paid out 原訟法庭 [2017] CHKEC 16 of assets realised during the liquidation. Court of First Instance None of C’s creditors opposed the 高院公司清盤案件2014年第20號 application. Inter alia, the debts due by C 原訟法庭法官夏利士 Magistracy Appeal No 693 of 2015 Judianna Barnes J to the petitioner, P, and a solicitors’ firm 2017年9月8日 (JD), had been settled by third parties 8 September, 16 December 2016, 9 January 2017 (TPs); and it was proposed that TPs 公司法 — 清盤 — 永久擱置 — 由 give undertakings that, insofar as they 第三方清償拖欠原債權人的債 had stepped into the shoes of P and JD Criminal law and procedure respectively and become creditors of C, 項 — 如果達到在Re Outboard — binding-over — defendant they would not enforce their claims for Marine Corp Asia Ltd案的準則， acquitted after trial — binding- the relevant sums. 並且第三方承諾不強行追討相關 over order preventive measure Held, that the criteria identified in Re 金額，清盤適宜被擱置 — failure to consider likelihood of Outboard Marine Corp Asia Ltd having similar breach of peace in future been satisfied, if the Court was provided 公司C清盤，出資人尋求擱置清盤及解除 — terms of order too wide and with the undertakings referred to, this 破產管理署署長作為臨時清盤人的責任， uncertain — order set aside was now an appropriate case in which to 理由是C的一間附屬公司，S，所持有的 D pleaded not guilty to common assault order a stay (Re Outboard Marine Corp 主要資產具相當價值，如果C的債務問題 Asia Ltd [2003] 1 HKLRD 585 applied). and was acquitted by the Magistrate. D, 可以完全解決，C應該重振旗鼓，透過S (See paras. 2, 6, 8–9.) a District Councillor, was refused access 營運該資產。破產管理署署長確認沒有 to the District Council office to continue Application 拒絕申請的理由；法庭命令她的費用自 a sit-in protest and attempted to force This was an application by a contributory 清盤期間變現的資產支出。C的債權人全 his way in. Two security guards (PWs) of a company in liquidation for a stay of pinned down D’s legs which hit PWs. The 不反對申請。C拖欠呈請人P和一間律師 the winding-up and the discharge of the Magistrate found that D’s legs might Official Receiver as provisional liquidator. 行(JD)的債項已由數名第三方(第三方)清 have involuntarily come into contact with The facts are set out in the judgment. 償；第三方分別接替了P和JD成為C的債 PWs. On the prosecution’s application 權人，有建議第三方承諾不會強行追討相 for review, the Magistrate affirmed his 關金額。 verdict, but noted that D knowingly trespassed; PWs used reasonable force in 裁決 –在Re Outboard Marine Corp Asia attempting to remove him; D’s resistance Ltd案識別出的準則已經達到，只要法庭 gave rise to a reasonable apprehension 獲提供所提到的承諾，就適宜命令擱置 that violence would take place; and as 清盤(引用Re Outboard Marine Corp Asia D was “uncooperative” and “attempted Ltd [2003] 1 HKLRD 585)。(見第2、6 to remain forcibly”, ordered that D be bound over for 12 months on his own 、8–9段) recognizance of $1,000 (the Order). D 應用 appealed. 這是一宗申請擱置清盤及解除臨時清盤人 Held, allowing the appeal by setting 責任的案件，一間清盤公司的出資人申請 aside the Order, that: 擱置清盤，以及解除破產管理署署長作為 • A binding-over was aimed at 臨時清盤人的責任。案情已在判決書詳細 preventing breaches of the peace by a defendant in the future. The 列出。 Magistrate found that D had not used force or threatened to do so. There was no evidence that D would act violently in future, yet the Magistrate told D that this was not something

60 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • CASES IN BRIEF 案例撮要

he “should” or “needed” to consider. 坐抗議被拒，於是企圖強行進入。兩名保 CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Given D was of clear record, the 安員(兩名證人)按住被告人雙腳以阻止他 Magistrate should not have bound 進入辦公室，被告人雙腳踢中兩名證人。 Secretary for Justice v Cheung Kai Yin him over based on a single incident [2017] HKEC 2546 (especially after acquitting him after 裁判官裁定，被告人雙腳可能是不受控制 Court of First Instance trial) without evidence or previous 地接觸到兩名證人。控方申請覆核，裁判 Miscellaneous Proceedings Nos 777, convictions indicating that D would 官維持原判，不過指出被告人是明知而作 in future breach the peace (HKSAR 779, 794, 797 of 2015 出侵入行為的；兩名證人是使用合理武力 v Chow Nok Hang (2013) 16 HKCFAR Andrew Chan J 嘗試帶他離開；被告人反抗，因此有理由 837 applied). (See paras. 11–12, 14–15, 10 July, 28 November 2017 19–20.) 合理地擔心會發生暴力事件；由於被告人 • The Order, which prohibited D from 「不合作」並「嘗試強行留低」，所以命 Contempt of court — criminal committing “any criminal act by 令被告人以 $ 1,000自簽守行為12 個月( contempt — breach of injunction using or threatening to use violence 該簽保令)。被告人上訴。 order — refusal to leave protest against any person”, was too broad in breach of order — limited and lacked precision and certainty. 裁決 –被告人上訴得直，該簽保令被撤 involvement in protest — D was not violent and the incident 銷： appropriate sentence for each of occurred in one location. The Order four contemnors was inconsistent with the purpose of a • 發出自簽守行為的目的是防止被告人 binding-over order, namely to prevent 將來破壞社會安寧。裁判官裁定被告 R1–4 admitted liability for criminal D from committing a similar breach of 人沒有使用武力或威脅使用武力。沒 contempt of court. During the Occupy the peace again (HKSAR v Lau Wai Wo 有證據證明被告人將會有暴力行為出 Movement, Rs participated in a protest (2003) 6 HKCFAR 624 applied). (See and refused to leave despite repeated 現，裁判官告訴被告人，這不是他「 paras. 21–25.) announcements by the police and bailiffs Appeal 須要」考慮的事。由於被告人沒有犯 executing an injunction order. R1 and This was an appeal against a binding- 罪紀錄，裁判官不應單憑一次事件( R4 also resisted arrest. At the present over order imposed after acquittal of 尤其是經審訊後他裁定上訴人罪名不 sentencing hearing, R1, then aged 30 and common assault imposed by Mr Colin 成立的案件)，要被告人簽保。(引用 now a community development officer, submitted in mitigation that she had no Wong in the Magistrates’ Court. The facts HKSAR v Chow Nok Hang (2013) 16 are set out in the judgment. intention to challenge the law and had HKCFAR 837)。(見第11–12、14– since shifted her focus from politics to 15、19–20段) people’s livelihood. R2, then aged 21, had 刑事法及刑事訴訟程序 • 該簽保令禁止被告人作出「任何涉及 no political affiliation and was now an HKSAR v Hui Chi Fung estate agent. He submitted he joined the 對任何人使用暴力或恐嚇會施用暴力 protest because he was discontent with [2017] CHKEC 16 的刑事行為」，內容看來過於廣泛並 the way certain police officers had treated 原訟法庭欠缺確定性。被告人並非暴力人士， protestors. R3, then aged 19, had no 高院裁判法院上訴2015年第693號事件是發生在一處地點。該簽保令並 political affiliation and was now a dental 原訟法庭法官張慧玲不符合頒下簽保令的目的，即防止被 clinic assistant. R4, then aged 30, was a security guard. 2016年9月8日、12月16日及2017年告人再次作出破壞社會安寧的行為( 1月9日引用HKSAR v Lau Wai Wo (2003) 6 Held, that given Rs’ limited involvement in the protest, and in the case of: R1, HKCFAR 624)。(見第21–25段) 刑事法和刑事訴訟程序 — 自簽守 her early plea and remorse; and R2, his personal circumstances, relatively young 行為 — 被告人經審訊後獲判無罪上訴 age, limited education and clear record, 這是一宗針對簽保令的上訴案，被告人不 — 簽保令是預防措施 — 沒有考慮 a 1-month sentence of imprisonment 將來有再破壞社會安寧的可能 — 服裁判法院裁判官黃士翔在裁定他「普 suspended for 12 months combined with 簽保令內容太廣泛並欠缺明確性 — 通襲擊」罪罪名不成立之後發出簽保令， a fine of $10,000 was sufficient for each 撤銷簽保令因而提出上訴。案情已在判決書詳細列 of them. The fine was payable within 3 出。 months by R1, R3–4, and 6 months by R2 被告人被控「普通襲擊」罪，他否認控 as his income was unstable (Secretary for 罪，被裁判官裁定罪名不成立。被告人是 Justice v Cheng Kam Mun (No 3) [2017] 區議員，他要求進入區議會辦公室繼續靜

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2 HKLRD 768 applied). (See paras. 6–7, 第6–7、9–11、13–14、16–17段) Held, refusing to treat the abandonment 9–11, 13–14, 16–17.) as a nullity and dismissing the leave 聆訊 application, that: Hearing 這是一宗聆訊判刑的案件，就四名刑 • Despite being asked to do so, D did This was a hearing to sentence the 事藐視法庭的答辯人判處刑期。案情 not provide any valid explanation first to fourth respondents for criminal 已在判決書詳細列出。 of how his mind did not go with his contempt. The facts are set out in the abandonment. In any event, the facts judgment. belied any such explanation. And even CRIMINAL PROCEDURE assuming for the sake of argument 刑事訴訟程序 that there had been subsequent HKSAR v Kilima Yusuph Abbas assistance given by D leading to Secretary for Justice v Cheung Kai Yin [2017] HKEC 2450 arrests abroad, that would not justify treating the abandonment as a nullity [2017] HKEC 2546 Court of Appeal (R v Mak Chan Pui (unrep., CACC 原訟法庭 Criminal Appeal No 391 of 2014 483/1992, [1996] HKEC 1232), HKSAR 高院雜項案件2015年第777、779、794 Macrae and Pang JJA v T (unrep., CACC 397/2006, [2009] 、7 9 7 號 10, 15 November 2017 HKEC 989) applied). (See para. 31.) 原訟法庭法官陳慶偉 • The Court’s function had ceased. 2 0 1 7 年 7 月 1 0 日、1 1 月 2 8 日 Criminal law and procedure However, assuming a necessary link — appeal — abandonment of could be established between the appeal — application to treat asserted assistance and arrests, there 藐視法庭 — 刑事藐視法庭 — 違反 abandonment of appeal against would be an avenue open to D even 禁制令 — 拒絕離開抗議場地，違 sentence as nullity — assistance if there had been no conviction and 反法庭命令 — 有限度參與抗議 — after abandonment — avenue he was not a witness at any trial. That of redress lay to executive rather 四名藐視法庭者的恰當刑期 avenue would be for him to petition than to judiciary in ordinary way the Chief Executive (R v Mak Chan Pui 答辯人1–4就刑事藐視法庭一事承認責 Criminal sentencing — (unrep., CACC 483/1992, [1996] HKEC 任。佔領運動期間，眾答辯人參與抗議行 appeal — application to treat 1232) applied). (See para. 32.) abandonment of appeal against 動，雖然警方多次宣布並由執達吏執行 • In any event, the Court was not in a sentence as nullity — assistance position to accept D’s assertions as to 禁制令，但眾答辯人不肯離開。答辯人1 after abandonment assistance and arrests, the respondent 和答辯人4亦拒捕。在本案進行判刑聆訊 Having on legal advice abandoned his not being privy to the asserted 時，答辯人1，其時30歲，求情時指出自 application for leave to appeal against assistance. (See para. 33.) 己無意挑戰法律，並已由關心政治轉為關 sentence, D sought, in reliance upon his Application 心民生。她現在是社區發展主任。答辯人 assertion that he had subsequently given This was an application to treat a notice 2，其時21歲，沒有政黨背景，現在是地 assistance which led to arrests abroad, to of abandonment of appeal against 產代理。他指自己參加抗議是因為不滿某 treat such abandonment as a nullity and sentence as a nullity. The facts are set out resuscitate his leave application. 些警員對待抗議者的方法。答辯人3，其 in the judgment. 時19歲，沒有政黨背景，現在是牙醫診所助理。答辯人4，其時30歲，是保安員。

裁決 – 基於眾答辯人是有限度參與抗議行動，並考慮到：答辯人1及早認罪並有悔意；答辯人2的個人背景，他較年輕，學歷有限，沒有犯罪紀錄；眾答辯人各被判處入獄1個月但緩刑1年，另罰款 $10,000，罪罰相當。答辯人1、答辯人 3–4須於3個月內支付罰款，因為答辯人 2收入不穩定，他須於6個月內支付罰款 (引用Secretary for Justice v Cheng Kam Mun (No 3) [2017] 2 HKLRD 768)。(見

62 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • CASES IN BRIEF 案例撮要

刑事訴訟程序當時對所聲稱的協助並不知情。(見第 agreement (the Agreement), which 33段) permitted licences to third parties HKSAR v Kilima Yusuph Abbas who were required to pay it inter alia 應用 [2017] HKEC 2450 “management fees”. A clause (the 上訴法庭這是一宗申請把放棄針對刑期上訴的通知 Clause) in the Agreement required 視為無效的案件。案情已在判決書詳細列刑事上訴案件2014年第391號 T to pay “all existing and future” 出。 utility charges “in respect of the 上訴法庭法官麥機智 Premises” and meter charges and “a 上訴法庭法官彭偉昌 fair proportion of any joint charges 2017年11月10、15日 LAND LAW as determined by the Landlord or the manager” of the Building. L sought 刑事法及刑事訴訟程序 — 上訴 — Win Glories Ltd v Majorluck Ltd recovery of possession of the Premises 放棄上訴 — 申請將放棄針對刑期 [2017] HKEC 2476 on the ground that T had failed to pay its share of “joint charges” for a 上訴的通知視作無效 — 放棄後的 Lands Tribunal specified period of $543,839.23 (the Part V Possession Application No 824 協助 — 通常向行政機關而不是司 Joint Charges). T objected, arguing that of 2017 法機構提出糾正方法 the “joint charges” in the Clause were Member Lawrence Pang confined to utility and meter charges 刑事罪判刑 — 上訴 — 申請將放棄 8, 17 November 2017 針對刑期上訴的通知視作無效 — but the Joint Charges here were in fact “management charges” which were not 放棄後的協助 Landlord and tenant — payable under the Agreement. tenancy agreement — terms — 根據法律意見放棄自己針對刑期提出的上 commercial premises — liability Held, granting the application, that: 訴許可申請之後，被告人聲稱自己其後提 to pay “joint charges” — whether, • T was liable to pay the Joint Charges. 供協助以致有人在海外被捕，要求將放棄 on proper construction, “joint On a proper construction of the 通知視為無效並重啟他的上訴許可申請。 charges” included management Clause, “joint charges” were not 裁決 –拒絕將放棄通知視為無效並撤銷許 charges which were absent under confined to utility charges since tenancy 可申請： these were “payable in respect of L owned a market in premises (the the Premises” only, but included • 雖然有被要求解釋自己的意願如何與 Premises) in a retail and car park charges other than meter charges 放棄通知的行為不相稱，被告人沒有 development (the Building). L leased which could be “determined by 提供任何有效的解釋。無論如何，事 the Premises together with the use of the Landlord or the manager” 實證明任何解釋都是掩飾。即使是為 common areas to T under a tenancy of the Building. The Premises 爭辯而假設被告人其後有提供協助以致有人在海外被捕，也不會是將放棄通知視為無效的正當理由(引用R v Mak Chan Pui(未經彙報，CACC 483/1992 ，[1996] HKEC 1232)、HKSAR v T( 未經彙報，CACC 397/2006，[2009] HKEC 989))。(見第31段) • 法庭的職能已經終止。然而，假設能夠確立所聲稱的協助和有人被捕的必然關係，被告人即使不曾被定罪並且不是任何審訊的證人，也會有可行的方法，就是向行政長官提出呈請(引用 R v Mak Chan Pui(未經彙報，CACC 483/1992，[1996] HKEC 1232))。( 見第32段) • 無論如何，法庭不能接納被告人關於提供協助和有人被捕的聲稱，答辯人

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were let together with common 土地法 18–22、26、44、46段) areas for which “joint charges” •於至 T倚靠現存或已知的事實，或各 would necessarily be incurred by Win Glories Ltd v Majorluck Ltd 方在該租約簽訂時所假設的事實，雖 the manager of the Building (the [2017] HKEC 2476 然「共同費用」還未產生或計算，但 Manager), whose services would 土地審裁處 benefit T. (See paras. 18–22, 26, 44, 並不意味「共同費用」不在L和T意條例第 V 部收回管有申請2017年 46.) 料之內，也不意味不是應支付的費第824號用。此外，L和T可以被假定為用字 • As for T’s reliance on the facts 土地審裁處成員彭浩泉 existing and known or assumed by 謹慎的訂約方。T的特許持有人繳付 2017年11月8、17日 the parties when the Agreement 他們檔位的「管理費」，該建築物商 was made , although “joint charges” 舖的租戶支付「管理費用」，「管 had not yet been incurred and 業主與租客 — 租約 — 租約條款 — 理費用」與「共同費用」相符，也比 calculated, this did not mean they 商業處所 — 支付「共同費用」的較容易分攤。因此，「共同費用」 were not envisaged by L and T or 責任 — 按照恰當的詮釋，「共同的正常涵義包括管理費用在內，例如 chargeable. Further, the parties 費用」是否包括沒有在租約訂明的 could be supposed to have chosen 該管理人的員工費用、清潔費、維修管理費用 their words with care. T’s licensees 費等(引用Jumbo King Ltd v Faithful paid “management fees” for their L擁有一個街市(該處所)，該處所位於設 Properties Ltd (1999) 2 HKCFAR 279 stall, whereas tenants of shops in 有零售店舖和停車場的商場(該建築物)之、Arnold v Britton [2015] AC 1619 the Building paid “management 內。L根據一份租約(該租約)將該處所連、Smart Essence Development Ltd v charges” which was consistent with “joint charges” and more readily 同公用地方的使用一併租給T，該租約准 Hong Kong Housing Authority(未經彙 apportioned. Accordingly, the 許T特許第三方在該處所經營業務，該第報，HCA 450/2016，[2016] HKEC natural meaning of “joint charges” 三方必須繳付給T包括「管理費」在內的 951))。(見第30、33–36、39段) included management charges, eg 費用。該租約某條款(該條款)訂明，T必 • 根據證據，該筆共同費用是「由業 the Manager’s staff costs, cleaning 須繳付「有關該處所」的「所有現時和將主或管理人釐定的」共同費用之中， and maintenance etc (Jumbo King 來的」公用設施收費、電費，以及「公平 Ltd v Faithful Properties Ltd (1999) 2 按比例公平分出的某一部分。(見第分擔由業主或[該建築物]管理人釐定的共 HKCFAR 279, Arnold v Britton [2015] 42–43段) AC 1619, Smart Essence Development 同費用」。L尋求收回該處所的管有權，應用 Ltd v Hong Kong Housing Authority 理由是T未有繳付某指定期間的「共同費 (unrep., HCA 450/2016, [2016] HKEC 用」$543,839.23(該筆共同費用)。T反這是一宗申請人(處所的業主)因為答辯人 951) applied). (See paras. 30, 33–36, 對，指稱該條款的「共同費用」限定為公 (租戶)未有根據租約繳付共同費用而針對 39.) 用設施收費和電費，而L申索的該筆共同答辯人申請收回處所的案件。案情已在判 • On the evidence, the Joint Charges 費用事實上是「管理費用」，並非該租約決書詳細列出。 were a fair proportion of the joint 指明的應付費用。 charges “as determined by the Landlord or the manager.” (See para. 裁決 –批准申請： 42–43.) • T有責任繳付該筆共同費用。按照對 Application 該條款的恰當詮釋，公用設施收費只 This was an application by the 是指「有關該處所的應付費用」，「 applicant-landlord of premises against 共同費用」不在公用設施收費範圍之 the respondent-tenant for recovery of 內，不過包括可以「由業主或[該建築 premises for failure to pay joint charges 物]管理人釐定的」費用(電費除外)。 under the tenancy agreement. The facts are set out in the judgment. 該處所是連同公用地方一併租出的，而該建築物管理人(該管理人)必然會產生與公用地方有關的「共同費用」，T會受惠於該管理人的服務。(見第

64 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • CASES IN BRIEF 案例撮要

TAXATION should be regarded as assessable profits • Contrary to the Commissioner’s chargeable to profits tax as opposed contention, the Board did not brush Commissioner of Inland Revenue v Pang to assessable income chargeable to aside the “economic reality” test Fai (No 2) [2017] HKEC 2369 salaries tax. Of the 10 grounds of appeal or the “control” test or adopt an Court of First Instance advanced on the Commissioner’s behalf: inappropriate approach. It was not Inland Revenue Appeal No 2 of 2016 Grounds 1 to 3 related to the Board’s the law that the indicia in those two Anderson Chow J approach to the question of whether tests must be regarded as applicable T was an employee of the Institute; and of importance in all cases or 20 September, 3 November 2017 Grounds 4 to 9 related to the Board’s circumstances. Here, it was after a treatment of the evidence on a number of careful analysis of the facts that the Taxation — salaries tax — profits matters; and Ground 10 consisted of the Board decided not to apply those tax — whether person employee contention that the Board’s conclusion two tests. The Board’s approach was — approach — appeals on law that T was not an employee of the one of examining all the facts and only — applicability of indicia Institute was perverse and contrary to the then taking a macro holistic view under “economic reality” and true and only reasonable conclusion. of the whole case, which was an “control” tests — whether approach consistent with authority “honorarium” received by Held, dismissing the appeal, that: (Hall (Inspector of Taxes) v Lorimer taxpayer chargeable to profits tax • The question of whether or not work as opposed to salaries tax [1994] 1 WLR 209, Poon Chau Nam v was performed in the capacity of an Yim Siu Cheung (2007) 10 HKCFAR Employment — employer- employee would be regarded by an 156 applied; Leung Kam Wah v Fung employee relationship — appellate tribunal as a question of fact Yuk Ching (unrep., HCLA 43/2006, “economic reality” and “control” to be determined by the trial tribunal. [2008] HKEC 698), Sae-Lee Srikanya v tests — applicability (See para. 37.) Chung Yat Ming [2009] 3 HKLRD 152 T was a certified public accountant and • In an appeal on law only, the distinguished). (See paras. 40–48.) a member of the Hong Kong Institute appellate tribunal must bear in • The question of whether T was an of Certified Public Accountants (the mind what scope the circumstances employee of the Institute being one on Institute). He was engaged by the provided for reasonable minds to which reasonable minds might differ, Institute to act as a Workshop Facilitator differ as to the conclusion to be drawn the Board’s decision that he was not and an Examination Marker for its from the primary facts found (Kwong could not be regarded as wrong in law. Qualification Programme in 2010 and Mile Services Ltd v Commissioner of (See para.49.) Inland Revenue (2004) 7 HKCFAR 275 2011. His remuneration for so acting • For the foregoing reasons, Grounds 1 applied). (See para.38.) was $50,400 (the Sum) described as an to 3 were rejected. (See para. 50.) “honorarium”. For the year of assessment 2010/2011, T also worked as a lecturer with the HKU School of Professional and Continuing Education (HKU SPACE). Having been assessed to salaries tax on what he was paid by HKU SPACE, T was subsequently assessed to additional salaries tax on the Sum. He objected to this additional assessment. But it was confirmed by a determination of the Deputy Commissioner of Inland Revenue. T appealed to the Board of Review (the Board) against this determination. His appeal was allowed by the Board. The Commissioner of Inland Revenue (the Commissioner) then appealed to the High Court against the Board’s decision, raising the question whether the Board was wrong in law to find that the Sum

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• The Board did not err in the ways 維持補加評定薪俸稅。T不接受副局長的 Leung Kam Wah v Fung Yuk Ching( complained of in Grounds 4 to 9. (See 決定，向稅務上訴委員會(委員會)提出上未經彙報，HCLA 43/2006, [2008] paras. 51–63.) 訴。他獲委員會裁定上訴得直。稅務局 HKEC 698)、Sae-Lee Srikanya v • In view of the conclusions on Grounds 局長(局長)於是針對委員會的決定，向高 Chung Yat Ming [2009] 3 HKLRD 1 to 9, Ground 10 did not arise for 等法院上訴，要求法庭裁斷一個問題： 152)。(見第40–48段) separate consideration. (See para.64.) 委員會裁定該筆款項應被視為須繳納利 • T是否會計師公會僱員的問題是合理 Appeal 得稅的應評稅利潤而不是須繳納薪俸稅人士可能存有合理分歧的問題，委員 This was an appeal by the Commissioner 的應評稅收入，在法律上，這個裁定是會決定T不是僱員，這在法律上不可 of Inland Revenue against the 否有錯。在代表局長提出的10個上訴理視為有錯。(見第49段) decision of the Board of Review that 由之中，理由1至3與委員會處理T是否會 an “honorarium” received by the • 基於上述理由，法官拒絕接納理由1 計師公會僱員這問題所用的方法有關； respondent-taxpayer should be treated 至3。(見第50段) as his assessable profits chargeable with 理由4至9與委員會對某幾項事情上的證 • 委員會在理由4至9的投訴事項上沒有 profits tax. The facts are set out in the 據的處理方法有關；理由10包含爭辯事犯錯。(見第51–63段) judgment. 項：局長認為委員會作出T不是會計師公會僱員的推定不合常理，與真實及唯一 • 考慮到有關理由1至9的結論，理由稅務的合理推定恰恰相反。 10無需另作考慮。(見第64段) 裁決 –駁回上訴：上訴 Commissioner of Inland Revenue v 這是一宗上訴案，稅務局局長不接受稅 Pang Fai (No 2) [2017] HKEC 2369 • 關於某人是否以僱員身份履行工作的務上訴委員會裁定答辯人(納稅人)收取的原訟法庭問題，上訴審裁處會視之為一個將由「謝酬」應被視為應繳利得稅的應評稅高院稅務上訴案2016年第2號法院裁定的事實問題。(第37段) 利潤，向法庭提出上訴。案情已在判決原訟法庭法官周家明 • 在只就法律問題提出的上訴中，上書詳細列出。 2017年9月20日、11月3日訴審裁處要緊記案中的情況所能給予合理人士就基本事實作推定時所稅務 — 薪俸稅 — 利得稅 — 某人是能存有合理分歧的空間(引用Kwong 否僱員 — 方法 — 只就法律問題上 Mile Services Ltd v Commissioner of 訴 — 「經濟實況」驗證指標和「 Inland Revenue (2004) 7 HKCFAR 控制」驗證指標的適用性 — 納稅 275)。 (見第38段) 人是否要就其收取的「謝酬」繳納利得稅而不是薪俸稅 • 委員會沒有將「經濟實況」驗證和「控制」驗證撇在一旁，也沒有採用不僱傭 — 僱傭關係 — 「經濟實況」恰當的方法，這與局長所爭論的恰恰驗證和控制」驗證 — 適用性相反。法律沒有規定該兩項驗證的指 T是會計師，也是香港會計師公會(會計標必須被視為適用的指標，並在所有師公會)會員。他2010年至2011年獲會案件或情況都具有重要性。委員會是計師公會委任，擔任會計師公會專業資仔細分析過案情之後，才決定不應用格課程的工作坊導師和評卷員。他因此該兩項驗證的。委員會採用的方法是得到酬金$50,400(該筆款項)，該筆款項檢視所有案情，然後從宏觀的角度， For full summaries and judgments, please refer 被稱為「謝酬」。在2010/2011課稅年全面察看整宗案件，與案例所用的方 to Westlaw and Hong Kong Law Reports & Digest at www.westlaw.com.hk. 度，T亦在香港大學專業進修學院(HKU 法是一致的。(引用Hall (Inspector of 就完整的摘要和判決書，請到 SPACE)任職講師。稅局就他擔任HKU Taxes) v Lorimer [1994] 1 WLR 209 www.westlaw.com.hk 參閱Westlaw SPACE講師所得薪酬評定薪俸稅，其後、Poon Chau Nam v Yim Siu Cheung 及《香港法律彙報與摘錄》。再就該筆款項補加評定薪俸稅。他反對 (2007) 10 HKCFAR 156；有別於稅局補加評稅。不過稅務局副局長決定

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• January 2018 PRACTICE MANAGEMENT 執業管理

Five Techniques for Improving Profitability in Smaller Law Firms By Alan Hodgart Hodgart Associates Ltd.

anaging a smaller law firm Technique 1: Manage profits HKD10.0m average HKD833k per month can be a very time consuming separately from cash or HKD2.5m for 3 months). If it is felt Mbusiness given that the Generating profit is a separate that 25% is too low, given the nature of partners usually have heavy fee earning function from collecting the cash due the firm’s business, then increase it but roles as well as attending to business from invoices rendered to clients. it should not go above 40% of annual development and client relationship A declining cash balance certainly revenue (4.8 months). Focus on keeping management. As a consequence, indicates a problem but it might not the work in progress and debtors within profitability management tends to be be a profitability issue. It might be that the target. Few firms in the world today, done after the event, often by simply partners have not invoiced for work that both large and small, allow their work in focusing on the cash that has come has been done profitably or it might progress and debtors to exceed 50% of in and gone out: an increase in cash be that invoices have been issued and revenue. is taken to mean all is well while a clients are very slow paying. On the Technique 2: Record time daily decrease signals the opposite. The other hand, the firm has to pay much its problem is that in most cases there is expenses each month so the firm is in Several studies we have conducted show a time delay between the profit being effect funding its clients for as long as it that a failure to record time on client earned and the cash it generates being takes for clients to pay. work daily leads to an erosion of billable received. Hence any deterioration in time that increases the longer it takes to profit is likely to be well underway by the The first step is to ensure invoices are record the time. In fact doing it weekly time the cash flow suggests that there is sent out as soon as possible. Seek to rather than daily leads on average to a problem. negotiate interim invoicing for longer around 15% of billable time unrecorded, term projects and try to agree monthly In addition it is important to maintain in other words, time lost from the firm’s invoicing with clients. Set a target for the records. For hourly rate priced work this a focus on business development outstanding amount of unbilled work to ensure that there is a strong and means that the price charged will be (work in progress) and unpaid invoices less than the actual time spent. On fixed consistent flow of instructions into the (debtors or AR.) Without a target there firm. Without that flow, revenue and price work it will look as if a matter was is no pressure on partners to get invoices profitable when it might not have been. profits will fluctuate quite significantly out to clients promptly and to chase up and this makes profit management even slow payers. An easy target is to make it With today’s electronic phones and other more difficult. a percentage of budget annual revenue portable technology, there is no excuse In what follows we suggest five relatively – say 25% (equivalent to three months for partners (and others) to not record simple techniques that will allow revenue). So if revenue is HKD10.0m their time daily. Poor time recording not partners to better manage profitability then 25% would be HKD2.5m or 3 only means that some time is lost but it and, in so doing, be more profitable. months of revenue. (Annual revenues of also results in a distortion of the metrics

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for assessing profitability. For example, Technique 3: Identify realisable usually allocated monthly as one twelfth productivity will look low and it might revenue monthly of the annual total. The revenue less be assumed that people have capacity Knowing what is the realisable value of the direct costs gives the contribution for more work when they are, in fact, work done each month is fundamental margin which, given the relatively fixed very busy. Hence time recording also to managing profitability. Management nature of overheads, is the determining helps with knowing whether fee earners should have, from the budget, a good number in regard to profit. A declining are sufficiently productive, a key metric estimate of the average monthly contribution margin will result in lower in managing profitability. (See also expenses. Estimating what revenue can profit unless overheads can be reduced Technique 4.) be expected to flow from the work done and this is hard in the short term. Monitoring this report every month Many firms, who now operate on fixed in a month allows an estimate of profit to against a budget starts to give control fees for work, assume that there is no be made. Estimating the amount that is over profitability. point recording the time taken because likely to be invoiced to clients is based on the work actually done in a month. For the hours do not determine the price. Technique 4: Focus on two key fixed fee work this can be based on the This is faulty thinking. While the price variables might be set by the client, the firm hours spent in a month as a percentage needs to know what the cost was in of the total hours budgeted for the work There are two variables that are critical doing the work on the matter. If the time and this percentage then applied to in measuring profitability and both spent on the matter is not recorded the fixed fee. Hourly rate priced work depend on accurate time recording. accurately, then the direct cost cannot can be based on the time recorded in (Without accurate time recording it is be determined. Without this it is not a month with partners assessing how not possible to estimate the revenue possible to see if the profit on the work much of that is likely to be billed and the earned for the period as discussed in was sufficient and, if it is not, how to get applicable rate. (This is another reason technique 3 above.) The first is called the the cost down next time the same work for accurate time recording.) cost multiple: it is the revenue earned is done. To not record the time makes in the period divided by the direct costs Partners sometimes say this is not of generating that revenue. (Note above it appear as if a matter was profitable always possible until they actually when it was not and runs the danger of in technique 3, direct costs include invoice the work but we disagree. There fee earner salary costs and a cost of a unprofitable (or low profit) work being should be no problem with fixed fee repeated time and again. partner.) So with revenue at HKD10.0m work. In today’s world, hourly rate priced and direct costs at HKD4.0m the cost By knowing the profit earned on a work should not be undertaken without multiple would be 2.5: every HKD1k matter, attention can be given to making some idea as to the end price the client of salary cost in the firm is generating the work more efficient resulting in will accept. Some discussion with a HKD2.5k in revenue. This is a key reason reducing the cost and improving the client up front will clarify this, or, where a we suggested separating direct costs profit. Alongside this, some firms are partner knows the client very well there from revenue in technique 3. making a decision to not do some work might be a good sense as to what the because the market price is too low for client will pay. It might not be totally This is one of the most important them to earn the required level of profit accurate but it should be within around variables for managing profitability. It (given their cost base) and it is better plus or minus 5% of the eventual invoice. can be applied to the firm as a whole, to focus their time on work where the The key point here is that it provides an to a matter or to an individual. For most required profit can be achieved. Too estimate of the profit by month and any firms a good profit can be earned if the many small firms continue doing work deterioration can be seen quickly and cost multiple is between 2.5 and 3.0, that is at a low (or no) profit and wonder not wait until the cash inflow starts to depending on overheads. (If profit is poor why they cannot improve the profitability decline. and the cost multiple is 3 then overheads are likely to be too high for the type of of the firm. In a price pressured market A monthly report can then be prepared no business can afford to keep selling business.) A decline in the cost multiple showing the estimated revenue each will be associated with a declining profit its ‘product’ at a low or no profit for any month and year to date the total actual period of time. Law firms are no different and the benefit of this variable is twofold. costs, split between direct costs (fee First, it isolates the problem in that the and are learning that they either have to earner salaries and related costs and reduce the cost of generating the work decline in profit will almost certainly be a cost for a partner), and overheads due to not generating sufficient revenue or to stop doing that work if they want to measured against the budget for the have a profitable business. from fee earners given their cost: so month and year to date. The overhead the solution will be to generate more costs should be relatively stable and are revenue or reduce the direct costs. The

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second benefit is that it provides one Technique 5: Control overhead measure for a fee earner’s financial expenses performance: a cost multiple can be set It goes without saying that overheads for each fee earner (including partners) also need to be controlled. As noted and, given their cost, an expected above, the cost multiple might be at revenue target can be calculated. an acceptable level but a too high level Hence in the event the actual cost of overheads will lead to a reduction in multiple declines it is possible to drill profit. The issue here is that overheads down to where the problem is. need to be at a level that will support The second variable is the profit per the business to operate effectively and fee earner. A declining cost multiple efficiently: simply cutting overheads will result in a declining profit per fee because profits are down might earner (with the same number of fee damage the business more. Hence earners) and this variable allows for the importance of the cost multiple an easy calculation to be made of the that isolates whether the problem is impact on partner profitability (well overheads or the conversion of direct before annual accounts are prepared.) cost into revenue. Given the level of For example, assume a profit per overhead required for the business to fee earner (the profit calculated in operate, there will be a combination of technique 3 divided by the number direct cost and revenue necessary to of fee earners) of HKD1.0m in a firm earn a competitive level of profitability. with 5 equity partners and 15 other Management need to examine this from both ends: given the overhead required, fee earners, 20 in total (so HKD20.0m then be made to identify what additional what is the result for direct costs and profit in total, being 20 times billable time can be generated and what revenue – and vice versa? HKD1.0m). The profit per partner can the impact of this might be on revenue, be calculated by multiplying the profit One way to assess what is an costs and profit. per fee earner by the leverage plus one: appropriate level of overhead is to work the leverage in this example is 1:3 (5 back from the expected revenue. If Conclusion equity partners divided into 15 other fee the cost multiple (revenue divided by Profitability in a law firm, large and earners equals 3); i.e. on average each direct costs) is 2.5, then direct costs will small, is a competitive tool. Without partner has three other fee earners so be 40% of revenues: with revenues of an appropriate level of profit a firm the group is four, including the partner. HKD10.0m, direct costs will be HKD4.0m cannot hire the best people let alone So a leverage of 3 plus 1 equals 4 fee (2.5 times HKD4.0m equals HKD10.0m). retain their stars. It cannot invest in the earners, and 4 times the profit per fee This leaves 60% for profit and overhead. support services required to ensure the earner of HKD1.0m equals HKD4.0m, For many firms overheads constitute firm operates effectively and efficiently: the same as dividing the total profit of around 30% to 35% of revenue so this is becoming acute for many firms HKD20.0m by 5 equity partners. leaving a profit of between HKD2.5m as the need to invest in more and more Of course it is important to maintain and HKD3.0m. Whether this is sufficient expensive technology along with new the productivity of fee earners but the to reward partners allowing for the systems and processes is vital for a firm to cost multiple summarises the result of fact that a partner cost is already in retain its competitiveness. In other words both productivity (billable hours) and direct costs will depend on the number there is a level of profitability that a firm pricing. Given the direct costs, a decline of partners and their expectations. needs to earn, given its market position, to in the cost multiple can be due to a low (Smaller firms can sometimes operate ensure it can continue to compete with its level of productivity or discounting rates with a percentage of around 25% but direct competitors. A failure to achieve this or spending time on a matter that is not this depends on rent and other costs of level will lead to a continuing deterioration recoverable, or some combination of course.) Another exercise that can be in market position, the loss of clients, the all three. It doesn’t take long to find the done is to examine where fee earners loss of good people and possibly to the cause of a decline in the cost multiple spend their time other than on client eventual demise of the firm. It is crucial and corrective action can then be taken work and decide whether some activities that partners understand what has to be quickly to reverse the trend. would be better done by back office done to manage profitability and allocate staff or by technology. An analysis can time each month to do it. n

70 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • PRACTICE MANAGEMENT 執業管理

錄客戶工作的時間，會令收費時間減少，往後再記錄亦需時更久。事實上，提高小型律師行每週記錄與每天記錄比較，每週記錄的收費時間少15%。換言之，對逐小時收費的工作來說，收費的時間會比實際所利潤的五個技巧花時間少。而對固定收費工作，有利可圖的工作其實可能無利可圖。

現今電話和其他流動科技便利，合夥人 (和其他人)沒有理由不記錄每天的工作時間。記錄不當不僅浪費時間，還會導致評估利潤的指標扭曲。例如，生產力看來很低，可能認為員工可應付更多工作，但實際上他們已很忙。因此，時間記錄也有助於了解員工是否具有足夠的生產力，這是管理利潤的關鍵指標。(另見技巧四)

現時許多律師行固定收費，認為記錄時間沒有意義，因為價格並非由時間決定。這是錯誤的想法。雖然價格可能因客戶而異，但律師行需要知道工作成本作者 Alan Hodgart 董事總經理 Hodgart Associates Ltd 是多少。若沒有準確記錄花在事件上的理規模較小的律師行往往很費付很多費用，所以在客戶付款前，律師時間，就無法確定直接成本，就看不到管時，因為合夥人通常需要賺取律行實際上正為客戶提供資金。利潤是否足夠，及下次做同樣的工作時師費，又要兼顧業務發展和客戶關係。如何降低成本。不記錄時間，會使無利因此，利潤管理往往在事後才進行，而可圖的工作看來似乎有利可圖，因而一第一步是確保賬單盡快發出。就長期項且通常只關注現金的進出：現金流入多再重複做無利可圖(或利潤低)的工作。目，盡量在中期發出賬單，嘗試每月向即一切順利，現金流入少則相反。問題了解獲取的利潤多少，專注於提升工作客戶開具賬單。為未開賬單的工作(進行是，賺取利潤和收取現金之間，往往有效率，從而降低成本，提高利潤。除此中的工作)和未付款的賬單(債務人或應收時間差，即現金流顯示出現問題時，利之外，有些律師行決定不接一些工作，賬款)設定目標。如果沒有目標，合夥人潤下跌其實可能存在已久。因為市場價格太低，無法獲取所需的利就沒有立即向客戶開具賬單和追討付款此外，專注業務發展，以確保律師行有潤水平(考慮到其成本基礎)，不如把時間的壓力。設定目標的簡單方法是年收入足夠而穩定的生意，這點很重要，否則放在可獲取所需利潤的工作上。太多的預算的一個特定百分比，如25%(相當於收入和利潤波動就會很大，令利潤管理小型律師行繼續從事低利潤(或無利可圖) 3個月的收入)。所以，若年收入是1000 更加困難。的工作，對未能提高利潤不明所以。在萬，25%就是250萬或3個月的收入(年收價格壓力的市場，任何企業都無法承受以下有五個相對簡單的技巧，讓合夥人入1000萬元，即平均每月83.3萬元，3 在一段時間內以低價或無利潤地銷售「更好地管理利潤並且更有利可圖。個月250萬元)。若覺得25%太少，可視產品」。律師行也不例外，若它們想業乎業務性質增加，但不應超過年收入的務有利可圖，要麼降低成本，要麼不再技巧一：利潤與現金分開管理 40%(4.8個月)。專注保持進行中的工作做這種工作。賺取利潤與向客戶收取賬單應付的費和債務在目標以內。不論規模大小，當用，是兩項獨立的工作。現金結餘減少今大部份律師行均很少允許進行中的工技巧三：確定每月可實現收入當然顯示有問題，但可能並非利潤有問作和債務超過收入的50%。了解每月可完成的工作量，是管理利潤題，可能是合夥人完成有利潤的工作後的基礎。預算管理應準確估計每月的平未發出賬單，又或已發出賬單但客戶遲技巧二：每天記錄時間均支出。估算一個月內完成的工作可以遲未付款。另一方面，律師行每月要支我們進行的幾項研究顯示，沒有每天記產生的收入以估算出利潤。基於一個月

www.hk-lawyer.org 71 • January 2018

內實際完成的工作，估計可能向客戶開這是管理利潤最重要的變數之一。它適低。經常性開支應處於支持業務高效運具賬單的金額。固定費用的工作可按一用於律師行整體、一宗個案或個人。對作的水平：利潤下降了就削減經常性開個月的工作時間佔工作總預算時間的百於大多數律師行來說，視乎經常性開支支，可能損害業務更深。因此，成本倍分比，然後以這個百分比計算固定費而定，成本倍數在2.5到3.0之間就可以數清晰顯示問題出於經常性開支還是直用。按小時收費的工作，可按一個月內賺取很不錯的利潤。(若成本倍數是3而接成本影響收入，這點很重要。考慮到記錄的時間，由合夥人評估可能收取的利潤很差，那麼經常性開支對業務類型企業運營所需的經常性開支，直接成本費用以及適用費率(這是要準確記錄時間而言就可能太高)。成本倍數下降將與利和所需的收入組合，以獲得有競爭力的的另一個理由)。潤下降關聯，這個變數有兩個好處。首利潤水平。管理層須從兩個方面思考這先，它將問題獨立起來，即利潤的下降個問題：在這個經常性開支的前題下，合夥人有時會說，在實際開具賬單前，幾乎可以肯定是由於費用收入不足，以直接成本和收入應為多少？反之亦然。這有時並不可能。但我們不同意。固定致產生的收入不足，所以解決辦法是增收費工作應該沒有問題。按小時收費工評估適當的經常性開支的一種方法，是加收入或減少直接成本。第二個好處是作，若不清楚客戶將接受的最終價格，按預期收入計算。如果成本倍數(收入除它為收費者的財務績效提供衡量標準，就不應展開工作。律師行應與客戶預先以直接成本)為2.5，則直接成本將為收入可為每個收費者(包括合夥人)設定成本倍討論，澄清這一點，若合夥人非常了解的40%：收入為1000萬元，直接成本為數，並根據成本計算預期的收入目標。客戶，那麼他對客戶願意付出多少應有 400萬元(400萬元的2.5倍等於1000萬因此，若實際成本倍數降低，可深入探一定了解，可能不完全準確，但最終款元)。其餘的60%為利潤和經常性開支。討問題所在。額應為正負5%左右。重點是估算每個月對於許多律師而言，經常性開支約佔收的利潤，可快速看到異動，而非等到現第二個變數是每個收費者的利潤。成本入的30%至35%，所以利潤為250萬至金流開始下降才發現問題。倍數下降將導致每個收費者的利潤的降 300萬。考慮到合夥人的支出已包含在低(收費者人數相同)，易於計出對合夥直接成本內，這個數目否足以獎勵合夥然後，可編制一份月度報告，顯示當月人利潤的影響(遠在年度結算之前)。例人，將取決於合夥人的數目和他們的期的預算收入及年初起累計總成本，直接如，假設一間律師行擁有5個合夥人和望。(小型律師行有時可按約25%的比例成本(收費者的工資和相關費用及合夥人另外15個收費者，共20人，每個收費者運營，但當然取決於租金和其他成本)。的費用)與經常性開支與月度和年初起累的利潤(按技巧三計算的利潤除以收費者另外，亦可檢視收費者是否花時間處理計預算比較。經常性開支應相對穩定，的數量)為100萬元，即利潤為2000萬非客戶的工作，及這些工作是否由辦公通常每月佔年總額的12分之1。由於經元，100萬元的20倍)。每個合夥人的利室支援人員來處理或以科技代替較好，常性開支相對固定，收入減去直接成本潤可按利潤乘以槓桿加1來計算：本例子然後分析確定可產生多少額外的計費時得出邊際利潤，是決定利潤的數字。的槓桿是1:3(5個合夥人除以15個其他收間，以及這對收入、成本和利潤可產生邊際利潤下降將導致利潤下降，除非可費者等於3)；即平均每個合夥人有三個何種影響。以降低經常性開支，但在短期內難以實收費者，連合夥人共4人一組。槓桿率為現。每個月按預算檢視這個報告，可妥 3加1等於4個收費者，而每個收費者100 結論善控制利潤。萬元的利潤的4倍為400萬元，相當由5 無論規模大小，律師行的利潤能力是競技巧四：注遂兩個關鍵變數位合夥人平分2000萬元總利潤。爭力工具。若沒有適當的利潤水平，律師行就不能僱用最好的人員，更別說留衡量利潤有兩個關鍵的變數，兩個取決當然，必須保持收費者的生產力，但成住星級人才，亦不能投資於支援服務，於準確的時間記錄。(若沒有準確的時間本倍數總結了生產力(收費時數)和定價的以確保公司有效運作。這對許多律師行記錄，則不能估計技巧三所述一段時間結果。考慮到直接成本，成本倍數下降來說越來越重要，因為它們需要投資於內賺取的收入。)第一個變數為成本倍可能是因為生產低，或收費率低，或在越趨昂貴的科技及日新月異系統，以令數：即在一段期間內賺取的收入除以產無法收費的工作上花太多時間，或三者公司保持競爭力。換言之，視乎其市生該收入的直接成本。(注意：技巧三的的結合。找出成本倍數下降的原因需時場地位，律師行必須獲得一定的利潤水直接成本包括收費者的工資和相關費用不久，可迅速採取糾正措施來扭轉這個平，以確保能夠繼續與競爭對手競爭。及合夥人的費用)。所以，若收入為1000 趨勢。未能達到利潤水平，律師行的市場地位萬元，直接成本為400萬元，成本倍數將持續惡化，客戶和優秀人才流失，甚為2.5：每1000元工資成本為律師行賺技巧五：控制經常性開支至結業收場。合夥人必須認識如何管理取2.5萬元收入。這是技巧三建議直接成不說而知，經常性開支也須控制。正如利潤，每月抽時間處理這方面的工作。本與收入分割的主要原因。以上所說，成本倍數或許處於可接受的 n 水平，但經常性開支過高會導致利潤降

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To find out more, contact Amantha Chia at [email protected] or (65) 6870 3917 • January 2018

PRACTICE SKILLS 實踐技能

Knowing what you do not know

By Katie Chung, Of Counsel Norton Rose Fulbright

he practice of law demands that a Company? privacy and managing cyber security lawyer knows the law (at least in Some possibly useful facts may include: risks. the jurisdictions and the practice Gleaning from the illustration above, T • In the oil and gas business, the areas in which he specialises). But business knowledge can be broken down Company’s business focuses its increasingly clients expect their lawyers as follows. to know and understand the business investments in the downstream sector 1) Knowing the business means un- of the clients, and the wider industry and is consolidating its positions in derstanding what kind of work the or economic markets in which their upstream crude oil but investing more specific business is involved in, how clients operate in. What does “business in e.g. upstream LNG. the specific business makes money knowledge” mean and how is it critical to • As for the renewables business, the from the work that it does, and the your practice? Company focuses on offshore wind farms and solar parks. jurisdiction(s) in which the business operates. What is business knowledge? • One developing trend that impacts on In this article, business knowledge the Company’s business is clean en- 2) Understanding the industry within broadly refers to the knowledge of: ergy, which is good for the renewables which the business operates means how the business fits within the in- a) the client’s business; business but not necessarily all parts of the oil and gas business. dustry (e.g. upstream or downstream b) the industry within which the busi- supply chain) and who its competi- • Another trend is the downward pres- ness operates; tors are. sure on oil prices, which means the c) the developing trends in the industry; Company is more reluctant to invest in 3) Being aware of the developing trends d) market drivers for the industry; and upstream drilling for crude oil (partic- in the industry informs you of the di- e) external trends (economic or other- ularly offshore, because it costs more), rection that the client’s business may wise) that may impact on the indus- and instead focuses on increasing be taking in the future, as the client’s try. margins in the downstream market. business will invariably be impacted by trends that shape the growth of • Like most other international energy Illustration the industry. companies, the Company serves cor- For instance, you are a lawyer looking porates and retail customers in the oil 4) The market drivers for the indus- to build relationships and get work and gas business. try refers to the demands for the from an international energy company industry: why does the industry exist, • It sells power through power purchase (the Company) that has business in and what kind of customers does it agreements with governments in its the oil and gas sector in one part of the serve? Market drivers may also refer power generation business. world, and invests in profitable power to government policies that either generation assets using renewable • The Company faces external pressures encourage or inhibit the development energy in other environmentally suitable from uncertain political situations in of the industry. one or two jurisdictions, increased jurisdictions. 5) External trends (economic or other- enforcement of anti-bribery and an- What would you find out about the wise) may impact on an industry (and ti-corruption laws, governance of data Company to get instructions from the hence your client’s business).

74 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • PRACTICE SKILLS 實踐技能

How is business knowledge critical to your practice? 懂得你不懂的 Business knowledge is imperative to legal practice. A lawyer cannot take 作者 Katie Chung 顧問諾頓羅氏富布萊特香港 a narrow approach to legal practice, 律執業要求律師懂得法律(至少所在 1) 了解業務意味著了解具體業務涉及哪些 and proverbially have “heads buried in sand (or the law)” without some 法的司法管轄區和專業領域)，但越來工作，具體業務如何獲利，以及業務所 knowledge of fast-developing trends 越多客戶希望律師懂得和了解客戶的業務、在的司法管轄區。 in an industry or external trends 客戶從事的行業或經濟市場。何謂「業務知 2) 了解企業所屬的行業，即了解企業在行 that may impact on how an industry 識」？它對執業為何至關重要？業內的角色(例如上游或下游供應鏈)及 operates. 何謂「業務知識」？其競爭對手。 Here are five key benefits to acquiring 3) 了解行業發展趨勢令你知悉客戶未來的 business knowledge. 在本文中，「業務知識」泛指：業務方向，因為客戶的業務增長總是受 a) 客戶的業務； 1) A lawyer is able to optimise his/ 到行業發展趨勢的影響。 her marketing strategy and save b) 業務所屬的行業； valuable time by marketing to the 4) 行業的市場驅動因素指行業的需求：行 c) 行業發展趨勢； right audience at the right time. 業為何存在？它服務什麼客戶？市場驅 2) Knowing a business and the indus- d) 該行業的市場驅動因素；和動因素也可能指政府鼓勵或抑制行業發 try it operates in allows a lawyer e) 可能影響該行業的(經濟或其他)外部趨展的政策。 to determine where the ebbs and 勢。 5) 外部趨勢(經濟或其他)可能會影響一個 flows of work are and will be. 行業(從而影響客戶的業務)。例子 3) Being able to identify market drivers in an industry or external 例如，作為律師，你希望建立關係，替在某業務知識對你的執業如何至關重 trends helps a lawyer to anticipate 個地區擁有石油和天然氣業務的國際能源企要？ the legal advice that clients may 業工作，該企業並在其他環境合適的司法管業務知識是法律執業的必要條件。律師 be looking for. 轄區投資以可再生能源發電的資產。不能像鴕鳥般埋首沙堆，對行業快速發展 4) Clients tend to appreciate that 你會了解企業甚麼以得到企業的聘用指示？趨勢或可影響行業運作的外部趨勢毫不知 their lawyer understands their 情。 businesses and the broader eco- 有用的資料可能包括： nomic environment in which the 以下是獲取業務知識的五個關鍵好處。 • 在石油和天然氣業務，企業集中投資下游 businesses operate. 1) 律師能在適當的時間向適當的觀眾進行領域，並正在鞏固其在上游原油的地位， 5) In some instances, it is possible to 營銷來優化他／她的營銷策略，節省寶但投資更多於上游液化天然氣等。 create a first-mover advantage. 貴時間。 • 就可再生能源業務而言，企業專注於海上 2) 了解企業和它所屬的行業，可讓律師確 What’s next? 風電場和太陽能園區。 A mastery of the law is an important 定工作的起點和終點。 • 影響企業業務的一個發展趨勢是清潔能 part of the craft of a lawyer. But 3) 能夠識別行業的市場驅動因素或外部趨源，這對可再生能源業務有利，但不一定 clients increasingly expect lawyers 勢，有助律師預測客戶可能尋求的法律 to provide commercial and practical 對所有石油和天然氣業務有利。意見。 solutions to their clients’ problems • 另一個趨勢是油價下行壓力，這意味著企 4) 客戶傾向欣賞了解其業務及企業經營環 or transactions. Having business 業更不願意投資於上游原油的鑽探(特別境的律師。 knowledge enables lawyers to see 是離岸鑽探，因為成本更高)，而側重增 legal matters through a different 加下游市場的利潤率。 5) 在某些情況下，有可能創造先發優勢。 lens and provide value add to their clients. An understanding of the • 與多數國際能源公司一樣，企業為石油和下一步？ internal and external “push and pulls” 天然氣企業和零售客戶提供服務。精通法律是律師工作的重要一環，但客戶越 of businesses and industries creates • 它與政府簽訂電力購買協議，出售電力。多期望律師能夠為客戶的問題或交易提供商 a trajectory from which lawyers are • 企業在一、兩個管轄區面臨外部壓力，包業和實務的解決方案。業務知識使律師能以 able to do some crystal ball-gazing to 不同角度看待法律事務，為客戶提供增值服 identify future opportunities. Knowing 括政局不穩、反賄賂和反腐敗執法力度加 what you do not know is a good 強、私隱資料管理和管理網絡安全風險。務。了解企業和行業內外的推動因素，令 starting point to acquiring business 從以述例子可見，業務知識可分為以下各律師能夠進行預視未來機會。懂得你不懂得 knowledge. n 項。的，是獲取業務知識的一個好起點。 n

www.hk-lawyer.org 75 • January 2018

LEGAL MARKET 職場資訊

Legal In-House Positions to Create New Headcount in 2018 By Marta Verderosa, Manager Legal, Michael Page Hong Kong

Thriving in Hong Kong’s dynamic business takes a high-level of expertise and efficiency. The legal profession forms the core of every organisation and we anticipate an encouraging number of both of newly created and replacement headcount. This is applicable across lawyers for private practice and in-house as well as legal support positions. Here are some of the legal recruitment industry’s key drivers for 2018.

More opportunities for in- visibility and working style without this trend to remain constant in the house legal counsels concerns of legacy problems. There is coming years. The legal function has always been also the possibility that the team will be It may also be worth monitoring how crucial to any business, and many expanded in the future as the company the Hong Kong Law Society responds to companies in the region previously becomes more invested in growing their the demand for Chinese solicitors – their lacking an in-house team have started legal resources. policy with regards to the barriers of to build one over the past year. In-house Chinese solicitors are in high entry of legal professionals might affect legal counsels provide valuable legal demand this trend in the future. advice, often derived from the fact that The Greater China and Hong Kong legal they have an insider’s perspective on the Work-life balance is possible sectors have seen a rebound from the for lawyers business and have a vested interest in slow-down driven by the IPO and FDI As with most of the workforce, the good standing of their company. In- market in 2015 and 2016. Their approach consideration and emphasis on work-life house counsels can also more effectively to their legal hiring and strategy have balance have always been appreciated manage relationships with external gotten increasingly local or regional. lawyers due to a common understanding by those working in the legal industry. Hong Kong companies, Red Circle Firms, of business and industry practices. It is worth noting that some of the more Chinese fund houses and state-owned progressive companies have started to Lawyers entering an in-house role now enterprises are more aggressive and introduce flexible work arrangements, have the opportunity to set up the legal competitive in their hiring strategies, prompting more traditional companies function in companies who see value often showing a strong preference with strict policies to consider the in building a legal team. Coming into a towards solicitors who are proficient in possibility of overhauling their HR brand new team means the candidate spoken and written Mandarin. We expect practices. has a chance to build their own profile,

76 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • LEGAL MARKET 職場資訊

This is especially beneficial for UK law firms have been among the confidence levels are the highest in the professionals who are highly motivated first to realise the importance of such past two years. Many trends observed and achieving individuals at the programs, and we see more Hong Kong over the past year are also expected to workplace, though with family or other and international firms adopt similar be sustained. personal commitments. This positive policies. We are already seeing the effects of change that we see in companies The private practice route for non fee- the introduction of a concessionary enhances their brand image and earners is becoming more popular and tax regime promoting the Hong Kong reinforces their commitment to attract we expect this to continue in the next aircraft leasing industry with a number and retain new talent in a candidate- 12 months. With the Hong Kong legal of openings in both the in-house and driven market. We are seeing an market growing and firms localising their private practice space. increasing number of legal professionals expertise, we have seen a significant The expansion of the FinTech industry who are concerned of their ability to number of openings in the knowledge has also cultivated strong hiring achieve work-life balance and are often management and the compliance space. activity for regulatory lawyers. This is drawn to companies who can enable Some law firms have even created legal an interesting lead to thinking further them to do so. teams to operate independently from about other areas including cashless Private practice their overseas headquarters to cover payment systems, cybersecurity and Asian markets. Legal professionals who leave private white-collar violations. The advances practice to join in-house teams often Looking into the future of technology have created more legal requirements which are currently in do so not just for better working hours, We are optimistic about the level of demand and will continue to be an area but also to gain clarity on their career movement among legal professionals of growth. Legal professionals skilled development path and options. To as companies have indicated strong in telecommunication, media and address this need, more law firms are interest in expanding their legal technology (TMT) as well as data privacy investing in learning and development capabilities in 2018. Though there are will see more job opportunities in their programs where the management team subtle waves of concern over Brexit area of expertise across 2018. n help employees to see the prospects of and global geopolitics, the market’s working in their company long-term.

www.hk-lawyer.org 77 • January 2018 企業內部職位2018年創造新的就業機會

作者 Marta Verderosa, 經理 – 法律業 Michael Page Hong Kong

在香港競爭激烈的環境下希望業務蓬勃發展，必需高度專業知識和效率。法律專業是每個組織的核心，我們預計私人執業、企業內部及法律支援律師，無論新設職位或替代職位，數目均會令人鼓舞。以下是2018年法律招聘行業一些關鍵的驅動因素。

企業內部法律顧問機會增加香港律師會對中國律師的需求的回應也非私人執業律師轉為私人執業越來越普是值得注意。律師會對法律專業人士入法律職能對所有業務均至關重要，區內遍，我們預計在未來12個月內，這個情行門檻的政策，可能會影響這個趨勢。以往缺乏內部法律團隊的企業當中，許況將會持續。隨著香港法律市場不斷發展，律師行本地化，知識管理和合規領多在過去一年開始設立內部法律團隊。律師也可工作與生活平衡企業法律顧問能提供寶貴的法律意見，域出現了大量空缺。一些律師行甚至設與大多數僱員一樣，法律界一直重視工通常源於他們擁有業內人士的觀點，企立了法律小組專責亞洲市場，業務獨立作與生活平衡。一些較為進取的公司已業保持良好信譽亦關乎他們的切身利於位於海外的總部。經開始引入彈性工作安排，促使政策嚴益。企業律師對業務和行業慣例的認格的傳統公司，亦考慮修訂其人力資源展望未來識，亦令他們能更有效地管理與外部律政策的可能性。我們對法律專業人士的流動感到樂觀，師的關係。這對工作積極進取但有家庭或個人承諾因為企業表示對2018年擴大法律職能興現在進入企業內部職位的律師，有機會的專業人士來說尤其有利。我們看到，趣濃厚。儘管英國退歐和全球地緣政治在企業內建立法律團隊，因為企業看到企業的正面改變能提升其品牌形象，加帶來微妙的波動，但市場信心水平為兩建立法律團隊的價值。進入一個全新的強企業在求職者主導市場吸引和留住人年來最高。過去一年的多個趨勢預計會團隊，求職者有機會建立自己的履歷、才的能力。越來越多法律專業人員關注持續。知名度和工作風格，而不用擔心以往行工作與生活的平衡，能夠令他們平衡工香港推出稅務優惠以推動飛機租賃業事方式的問題。隨著企業在法律資源方作與生活的企業，通常更能吸引他們。務，我們已看到企業內部和私人執業領面投入更多的資金，法律團隊未來也有域出現多個職位空缺。機會擴大。私人執業金融科技行業的擴張，也為監管律師帶法律專業人員離開私人執業，加入企業中國律師需求量大來大量招聘活動，影響將遍及其他領內部團隊，往往不只為了工作時間更穩 2015年和2016年，大中華地區和香港域，包括無現金支付系統、網絡安全和定，他們還想要更明確的事業發展路徑法律界從IPO和FDI市場放緩反彈。他們白領犯罪。科技進步亦創造了更多的法和選擇。為了滿足這個需求，更多的律法律招聘和戰略越趨地區化。律要求，目前這些需求將繼續增長。電師行正投資於學習和發展計劃，管理層信、媒體和科技及數據私隱方面的法律香港企業、「紅圈」律師行、中資企業協助員工看到在公司工作的長遠前景。和國有企業在招聘策略上更進取和具競專業人員，在2018年將有更多工作機英國的律師行一早認識到這些計劃的重爭性，往往偏好精通普通話和中文寫作會。 n 要性，我們看到越來越多香港和國際律的律師。我們預計未來幾年這種趨勢將師行採取類似政策。保持不變。

78 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會員動向

PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會員動向

Newly-Admitted Members 新會員

CHEUNG SZE WAI SHEN CHAU HO YAN ANNIE 張詩瑋 HUANGYUN 周可欣 IU, LAI & LI 沈黃贇 ONC LAWYERS 姚黎李律師行柯伍陳律師事務所

CHENG WAI TING 鄭瑋霆

CHENG WING YAN CHU KOK TING TSUI KOON YEE 鄭欣 SAMANTHA DANNY FONG & CO., DAVID 朱廷徐冠義方良佳律師事務所

IP KIN HANG 葉健行

KUNG KA WAI 龔嘉威 LO KIN WUI WONG KIN PAK LUK & PARTNERS 羅建 CARSON 陸繼鏘律師事務所 ONC LAWYERS 王健 柯伍陳律師事務所 LUK & PARTNERS LEE KA CHUN 陸繼鏘律師事務所李家俊 O’MELVENY & MYERS 美邁斯律師事務所

LO YU I MARIE WONG TIEN-WEI LEUNG WING YAN ESTHER 盧鈺頤 JONI 梁詠欣王天惠 ZHONG LUN LAW FIRM HILL DICKINSON 中倫律師事務所 HONG KONG MAK YAN HENG 麥昕珩 DLA PIPER HONG KONG 歐華律師事務所 LOK YUN KEI 駱欣祺 TONG & CO., T.S. 唐天燊律師行

www.hk-lawyer.org 79 • January 2018

Partnerships and Firms • FUNG HOI WING HENRY 合夥人及律師行變動 joined Fung, Wong, Ng & Lam LLP Solicitors as a partner as from 08/11/2017. changes received as from 1 November 2017 取自2017年11月1日起香港律師會所提供之最新資料馮藹榮自2017年11月8日加入馮黃伍林有限法律責任合夥律師行為合夥人。 • ANAND SU YIN • CHAU WING • GEORGIOU PHILLIP LOUKIS ceased to be a partner of Ince & Co. as ceased to be a partner of Tsang, commenced practice as a partner of from 25/11/2017. Chan & Woo Solicitors & Notaries as GPS Legal LLP as from 01/11/2017. 自2017年11月25日不再出任英士律師 from 01/12/2017 and remains as a 自2017年11月1日成為新開業GPS 行合夥人一職。 consultant of the firm. Legal LLP合夥人。鄒榮 • ATKINS GEOFFREY MICHAEL 自2017年12月1日不再出任曾陳胡律師 • HOLDEN BROOKE became a partner of Ropes & Gray as 行合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧問。 ceased to be a partner of Gall as from from 20/11/2017. 29/11/2017 and joined Lipman Karas as 自2017年11月20日成為瑞格律師事務 • CHENG SIN YU ELEANOR a partner as from 04/12/2017. 所合夥人。 ceased to be a partner of M.C.A. Lai 自2017年11月29日不再出任高嘉力律 Solicitors LLP as from 11/12/2017 and 師行合夥人一職，並於2017年12月4日 • CHAN LAP CHUNG remains as a consultant of the firm. ceased to be a partner of Winston Chu 加入立祁律師事務所為合夥人。鄭倩宇 & Co. as from 01/12/2017 and the firm • HWANG HAU-ZEN BASIL closed on the same day. 自2017年12月11日不再出任賴文俊(有限法律責任合夥)律師行合夥人一職，而 commenced practice as the sole 陳立忠 practitioner of Hwang Hauzen 轉任為該行顧問。自2017年12月1日不再出任徐嘉慎律 Solicitors as from 20/11/2017. 師事務所合夥人一職，而該行於同日結 • CHONG WUI SEUNG 黃浩宸業。 ceased to be a partner of Simmons & 自2017年11月20日獨資經營黃浩宸律 Simmons as from 17/11/2017. • CHAN MAN HUNG 師事務所。張偉頌 joined K.B. Chau & Co. as a partner as • IP MEI HO from 01/12/2017. 自2017年11月17日不再出任西盟斯律 commenced practice as the sole 師行合夥人一職。陳文鴻 practitioner of Michelle Ip & Co., 自2017年12月1日加入周啟邦律師事務 • COLQUHOUN HELEN ELIZABETH Solicitor as from 01/12/2017 and 所為合夥人。 became a partner of DLA Piper Hong remains as a consultant of Patrick Mak Kong as from 21/11/2017. & Tse. • CHAN YUEN LAM 自2017年11月21日成為歐華律師事務葉美好 joined Gall as a partner as from 所合夥人。 20/11/2017. 自2017年12月1日獨資經營葉美好律師行，並繼續擔任麥家榮律師行顧問一陳琬琳 • FANG YUAN 職。自2017年11月20日加入高嘉力律師行 ceased to be the sole practitioner of 為合夥人。 Fang Yuan Lawyers as from 15/11/2017 • LAU KAM LUN and the firm closed on the same day. became a partner of M.C.A. Lai • CHANG PIN BENJAMIN 方圓 Solicitors LLP as from 08/11/2017. ceased to be a partner of Winston 自2017年11月15日不再出任方圓律師劉錦倫 Chu & Co. as from 01/12/2017 and 事務所獨資經營者一職，而該行於同日 the firm closed on the same day. Mr. 自2017年11月8日成為賴文俊(有限法結業。 Chang joined Lo, Chan & Leung as a 律責任合夥)律師行合夥人。 consultant as from 01/12/2017. • FONG PING WAH • LAW WAI CHING 張斌 ceased to be a partner of Yu, Chan & ceased to be a partner of John Lam, 自2017年12月1日不再出任徐嘉慎律 Yeung as from 01/12/2017 and remains Law & Co., Solicitors as from 11/11/2017. 師事務所合夥人一職，而該行於同日結 as a consultant of the firm. 羅慧晶業。張律師於2017年12月1日加入羅陳方炳華自2017年11月11日不再出任林啟貽羅梁律師行為顧問。自2017年12月1日不再出任余陳楊律師慧晶律師事務所合夥人一職。行合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧問。

80 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • PROFESSIONAL MOVES 會員動向

• LI KIT WAI • STEWIEN BRETT WALTER • WONG TAI CHEONG TERENCE ceased to be a partner of Winston commenced practice as a partner of became a partner of Winston & Strawn Chu & Co. as from 01/12/2017 and the GPS Legal LLP as from 01/11/2017. as from 21/11/2017. firm closed on the same day. Mr. Li 自2017年11月1日成為新開業GPS 黃大彰 joined James K.L. Sin & Associates as a Legal LLP合夥人。自2017年11月21日成為溫斯頓律師事 consultant as from 01/12/2017. 務所合夥人。李傑偉 • TAM FUNG KWAN BETTY ceased to be a partner of Mayer Brown 自2017年12月1日不再出任徐嘉慎律 • WONG WAI CHING IRIS JSM as from 16/11/2017. 師事務所合夥人一職，而該行於同日結 joined V. Lee & Co., Solicitors as a 業。李律師於2017年12月1日加入單家譚鳳筠 partner as from 13/11/2017. 亮律師事務所為顧問。自2017年11月16日不再出任孖士打律黃蔚晴師行合夥人一職。自2017年11月13日加入李穎彰律師事 • LIU CHI KEI CHARLIE 務所為合夥人。 became a partner of Wilkinson & Grist • TO PAK WO PATRICK as from 01/12/2017. ceased to be a partner of Chan, Evans, • WONG WAI CHUN WILSON 廖智基 Chung & To as from 01/12/2017 and became a partner of Cheung & Liu, remains as a consultant of the firm. 自2017年12月1日成為高露雲律師行合 Solicitors as from 27/11/2017. 杜伯和夥人。王維俊自2017年12月1日不再出任陳伊鍾杜律自2017年11月27日成為張廖律師事務 • LIU WING HO ERIC 師行合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧問。所為合夥人。 ceased to be a partner of Ford, Kwan & Company as from 11/11/2017 and joined • TSE CHAK TONG URIAH • WONG WAI MAN DEANNA Iu, Lai & Li as a consultant as from ceased to be a partner of Winston Chu ceased to be a partner of Hogan Lovells 16/11/2017. & Co. as from 01/12/2017 and the firm as from 01/12/2017 and joined Ernest 廖穎豪 closed on the same day. Li & Co. as a consultant on the same 自2017年11月11日不再出任梁錦濤, 關謝澤棠 day. 學林律師行合夥人一職，並於2017年自2017年12月1日不再出任徐嘉慎律黃慧敏 11月16日加入姚黎李律師行為顧問。師事務所合夥人一職，而該行於同日結自2017年12月1日不再出任霍金路偉律業。師行合夥人一職，並於同日加入李紹基 • LO CHUN YU TOBY 律師事務所為顧問。 ceased to be a partner of Winston Chu • TSE TSAT KUEN JEFF & Co. as from 01/12/2017 and the firm ceased to be a partner of Winston Chu • YANG ELIZABETH LING closed on the same day. & Co. as from 01/12/2017 and the firm became a partner of Samuel L.C. Yang 盧震宇 closed on the same day. & Co. as from 12/12/2017. 自2017年12月1日不再出任徐嘉慎律謝澤權楊靈師事務所合夥人一職，而該行於同日結自2017年12月1日不再出任徐嘉慎律自2017年12月12日成為楊麟振律師行業。師事務所合夥人一職，而該行於同日結合夥人。業。 • NG YIM HUNG • YEUNG YUEN KIN ceased to be a partner of Tong & • WANG YU PING PEGGY ceased to be a partner of Fongs as Lawyers as from 20/11/2017 and ceased to be a partner of White & Case from 01/12/2017 and remains as a remains as a consultant of the firm. as from 01/11/2017. consultant of the firm. 吳艷紅王有蘋楊元建自2017年11月20日不再出任湯氏律師自2017年11月1日不再出任偉凱律師事自2017年12月1日不再出任方氏律師事事務所合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧務所合夥人一職。務所合夥人一職，而轉任為該行顧問。問。 • WHITEHEAD DAMIEN LEIGH • PAYNE SONNY ceased to be a partner of White & Case commenced practice as a partner of as from 01/12/2017. GPS Legal LLP as from 01/11/2017. 自2017年12月1日不再出任偉凱律師事自2017年11月1日成為新開業GPS 務所合夥人一職。 Legal LLP合夥人。

www.hk-lawyer.org 81 • January 2018

CAMPUS VOICES 法學院新聞

HKU Law sparked off discussions on constitutional and administration law In November and December 2017, the Faculty of Law at The University of Hong Kong organized a series of academic activities on constitutional and administrative law. In his lectures “The Marauders Set to Undermine the Legal System” (November 7) and “Judicial Review: Does it Help or Hinder Good Administration?” (November 20), Professor Henry Litton discussed respectively how a lean, robust and effective town-planning system in Hong Kong has been undermined by the injection of European jurisprudence on human rights in recent years; and the fact that judicial review is discretionary. The Conference “China’s National Security: Endangering Hong Kong’s Rule of Law?” jointly organized by the CCPL of HKU and Birmingham Law School (December 4) assembled leading experts in exploring both the risks of introducing security legislation in Hong Kong and the region’s sources of resilience and present a forward-looking perspective on the Rule of Law Professor Henry Litton speaking on judicial review (November 20). in Hong Kong, illustrating how it may succeed in resisting pressure to 烈顯倫教授就司法審查發表演講（11月20日）。 advance China’s security interests through repressive law. On December 15, scholars and experts met and examined novel constitutional remedies in Asian countries including Bangladesh, Indonesia, India, South Korea in the “Constitutional Remedies in Asia Conference”. 香港大學法引發憲法和行政法討論香港大學法律學院2017年11月和12月舉辦了一系列關於憲法和行政法的學術活動。烈顯倫教授在題為「破壞法律制度的掠奪者」（11月7日）及「司法覆核：幫助還是阻礙施政？」（11月20日）的講座中，分別討論了香港有效的城市規劃制度近年來因引入歐洲的人權判例而受到破壞；及司法審查自由裁量的事實。

香港大學比較法與公法研究中心與伯明翰法律學院合辦的「中國國家安全危害香港法治？」會議（12 月4日）匯聚了一流的專家，探討了香港引入國安法的風險和抵抗來源，對香港法治提出前瞻性的視角，說明如何通過壓制性法律來抵抗推動國安利益的壓力。在12月15日，專家學者在「亞洲憲法補救會議」上討論了孟加拉、印尼、印度、韓國等亞洲國家的新型憲法補救手段。

Conference “China’s National Security: Endangering Hong Kong’s Rule of Law?” (December 4). 「中國國家安全危害香港法治？」會議（12月4日）。

82 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • CAMPUS VOICES 法學院新聞

CUHK Law Celebrates the Class of 2017 at Graduation Ceremony The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) held the 83rd and 84th Congregations for the Conferment of Degrees in November 2017. This year, the Faculty of Law has witnessed over 400 students graduating from its postgraduate programmes (including the LLM, JD, JD-MBA Double Degree, PCLL and PhD) and 77 from the LLB programme. On 18 November 2017, the Faculty held its Master’s Degree (2016-2017) Graduation Ceremony and had great pleasure to have invited The Honourable Mr. Justice Zervos, Judge of the Court of First Instance of the High Court, HKSAR to officiate the Ceremony as the Guest of Honour. In his speech, The Honourable Mr. Justice Zervos (middle) delivered a Justice Zervos extended his warmest congratulations, encouragement and commencement address to all graduates attending the Master’s good wishes to all graduates; whilst reminding them of the challenges ahead Degree (2016-2017) Graduation Ceremony on 18 November 2017. 薛偉成法官（中）在2017年11月18日的碩士學位（2016-2017）畢業典 and their responsibility for upholding the rule of law in Hong Kong. Full 禮上向畢業生致辭。 version of the speech can be viewed at http://www.law.cuhk.edu.hk/speech_ justice_zervos. 中大法律學院2017年畢業典禮 The celebration was concluded by a Faculty Graduation Reception where 香港中文大學於2017年11月舉行了第83屆及第84 Justice Zervos, the Faculty Dean Professor Christopher Gane, teachers, families and friends, and graduates were invited to attend. 屆畢業典禮。今年，法律學院共有超過400名研究生課程畢業生（包括法學碩士、法學博士、法學博士MBA雙學位、PCLL和博士學位）和77名LLB課程畢業生。

2017年11月18日，學院舉辦了碩士學位（2016- 2017）畢業典禮，邀得香港高等法院原訟庭薛偉成法官擔任典禮主禮嘉賓。薛偉成法官在致辭時向所有畢業生致以祝賀、鼓勵和祝福，同時提醒他們未來的挑戰及維護香港法治的責任。薛偉成法官致辭的全文可瀏覽http://www.law.cuhk.edu.hk/speech_ justice_zervos。

典禮後舉行畢業招待會，薛偉成法官、法律學院院長Christopher Gane教授、教師、家人和朋友與畢業生一起分享喜悅。

For 2016-17 academic year, over 450 law degrees were conferred at CUHK. 2016-17學年，中大頒發了450多個法律學位。

Professor Dennis K.P. Ng, CUHK Pro-Vice-Chancellor, presenting a souvenir to Justice Zervos. 中大副校長吳基培教授向薛偉成法官頒發紀念品。

www.hk-lawyer.org 83 • January 2018

Food Law Conference and Upcoming ICCR Lecture on India at CUHK Law Food Law Conference in December To address the most current issues related to food and reflect on the role of the law as a bridge for trade and investment in the food sector, the Faculty of Law of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) hosted an international full-day conference on “Food Law Comparative Perspectives: Safety, Trade, and Culture in Hong Kong, Asia, and the EU” at its Graduate Law Centre on 1 December 2017. (From left) Opening remarks by Mr. Kenneth Chan, Principal Assistant Secretary for Co-organised with the Consulate General of Italy in Hong Kong Food and Health (Food) 1, Food and Health Bureau, HKSAR Government; Mrs. Sarah and the Marco Polo Society, the conference was attended by 27 Negro, Deputy Consul-General of Italy in Hong Kong and Professor Christopher Gane, Dean of CUHK Law. speakers involving government officials, academics, attorneys （左起）：香港特區政府食物及衞生局首席助理秘書長(食物)1 陳筱鑫先生、意大利駐香港 and food company directors and over 30 participants. 總領事Sarah Negro女士及中大法律學院院長Christopher Gane教授致開幕辭。 The conference commenced with opening remarks by Professor 食品法會議及印度文化關係委員會講座 Christopher Gane, Dean of CUHK Law, Mr. Kenneth Chan, Principal Assistant Secretary for Food and Health (Food) 1, Food 食品法會議於12月舉行 and Health Bureau, HKSAR Government, and Mrs. Sarah Negro, 為了解決當前的食安問題，反思法律作為食品貿易和投資的橋 Deputy Consul-General of Italy in Hong Kong, followed by four 樑，香港中文大學法律學院2017年12月1日在法律學院研究課程 sessions addressing topics on “Issues and Challenges for Food 教學中心舉辦了一個國際性的全日會議，題為「食品法比較：香 Law: Legislation, Regulation, and Policy”, “China International 港、亞洲和歐盟的食品安全、貿易和文化」。 Food Safety & Quality: Pitfalls and New Perspectives”, “Food Quality and Consumer Protection” and “Enhancing Food Safety: 會議與意大利駐香港總領事館和馬可孛羅會合辦，邀請了27位講 Learning from New Free Trade Agreements”. Details can be 者，包括政府官員、學者、律師和食品公司董事，吸引了30多位 found on the conference website: http://www.law.cuhk.edu. 人士出席。 hk/20171201FoodLawConf. 會議先由中大法律學院院長Christopher Gane教授、香港特區政府食物及衞生局首席助理秘書長(食物)1 陳筱鑫先生及意大利駐香港總領事Sarah Negro女士致開幕辭，隨後四場會議討論了「食品法的問題與挑戰：立法、監管與政策」、「中國國際食品安全與質量：缺陷與新視角」、「食品質量與消費者保障」和「加強食品安全：從新的自由貿易協定中學習」。詳情可瀏覽會議網頁：http://www.law.cuhk.edu.hk/20171201FoodLawConf。

Speakers addressed some of the most relevant issues related to trade and investment in the food sector at the conference. 講者在會議上討論了與食品貿易和投資有關的問題。

84 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • CAMPUS VOICES 法學院新聞

The Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) 印度文化關係委員會1月份的公開講座 Public Lecture on India in January 香港中文大學和印度文化關係委員會（ICCR）在「ICCR The Chinese University of Hong Kong and the Indian Council for Cultural 印度學術訪問教授」計劃建立了合作關係。ICCR為印度 Relations (ICCR), an autonomous organisation of the Government of 政府轄下一個自治組織，負責印度對外文化關係。根據這 India involving in India’s external cultural relations, have established 項計劃，中大將會邀請由ICCR提名的訪問印度教授，從 cooperation in the ‘ICCR Visiting Professorship of Indian Studies’ 事教學和研究工作。在2017至2018年度，Sanoj Rajan programme. Under this programme, CUHK will host a visiting Indian professor nominated by ICCR to engage in teaching and research. For 教授獲提名加入中大法律學院，將於2018年1月25日在 2017-18, Professor Sanoj Rajan has been nominated to visit CUHK Law, 中環中大法律學院研究課程教學中心主講「沒有戰爭的戰 and will deliver an ICCR Lecture on “Waging Wars without War: The 爭：古代印度戰爭法」。 Ancient Indian Practices of Laws of War” on 25 January 2018 at the Rajan教授將討論在古代印度印度教與佛教衝突以佛法 CUHK Graduate Law Centre, Central. 為基礎的規範，並詳細研究中世紀南印度Malabar海岸的 In this lecture, Professor Rajan will discuss the Dharma-based Hindu Ankam和Mamamkam做法。講座並會研究使用現代戰爭 and Buddhist norms for conflict in Ancient India and give a detailed examination of the practices of Ankam and Mamamkam on the 法（特別是新興的自動化戰爭）的原則。講座免費入場， medieval Malabar Coast in South India. The lecture will end by looking 歡迎所有有興趣的人士參加。 into the prospects of using the principles discussed in modern laws of 登記出席講座或詳情，請瀏覽http://www.law.cuhk.edu. war (especially using the emerging automated warfares). Admission is hk/20180125ICCRlecture。報名將於2018年1月22日下 free of charge and all interested parties are welcome to attend. 午5:30之截止。 To register and learn more about the lecture, please visit http://www. law.cuhk.edu.hk/20180125ICCRlecture. Registration will close after 5:30 pm, 22 January 2018.

www.hk-lawyer.org 85 • January 2018 LEGAL TRIVIA #45

This month, we focus on Hong Kong celebrities and artistes who have found themselves We would like to congratulate Eva before the Hong Kong courts for a variety of reasons. Lam, Trainee Solicitor, Keith Lam The questions have been prepared by Douglas Clark, Barrister-at-Law. Suggestions for Lau & Chan, the winner of our Legal questions to appear in next month’s journal are most welcome. Quiz #44.

1. Which Hong Kong celebrity brought a passing off action 7. In 2017, Hong Kong television executive and celebrity against Hang Seng Bank for using his photo on credit Stephen Chan had a conviction under the Prevention cards? of Bribery Ordinance quashed by the Court of Final A. Andy Lau Appeal. From whom had he received the money that B. Leon Lai formed the basis of the charge. C. Jackie Chan A. An employee D. Aaron Kwok B. A contractor of his employer C. A shopping mall 2. In 1997, Apple Daily was found liable for copyright D. A casino infringment for publishing photos copied from the Oriental Sunday of Faye Wong at Hong Kong airport after 8. Which Hong Kong female artiste was sued by her disembarking from a flight from Beijing to Hong Kong. former manager for breach of contract in 2005? What was deemed special about the photos? A. Eva Huang A. She was with her new boyfriend. B. Joey Yung B. She appeared to be unsteady on her feet C. Faye Wong C. She was pregnant D. Gigi Leung D. She was smoking a cigarette 9. In the early 90s, which famous Hong Kong singer sued 3. Nicholas Tse was convicted in 2002 of what offence for passing off against a company using his photo on following a car crash? karaoke discs? A. Driving under the influence of alcohol A. Leslie Cheung B. Careless driving B. Alam Tam C. Dangerous driving C. Jacky Cheung D. Perverting the course of justice D. Leon Lai 4. Carson Yeung who was convicted of money laundering in 10. In 1971, Shaw Brothers sued for passing off in relation 2014 first started his career in what profession: to a movie that copied the themes of the movie A. Soccer player “One Armed Swordsman” or “獨臂刀”. What was B. Banker particularly notable about the case? C. Professional gambler A. The first instance trial was before a jury D. Hairdresser B. The trial was conducted in Chinese C. The trial was a trial by combat between the respective 5. A member of the House of Representatives from which one armed swordsmen country was convicted for possession of dangerous drugs D. The alleged infringing movie was made in Mainland by the Hong Kong District Court in 2011? China (during the Cultural Revolution) A. Australia B. Phillipines C. United States Answers to Hong Kong Legal History Quiz #44 6. Which Hong Kong singing group was involved in a legal dispute with their promoters in the 2000s. A. Soler B. Beyond C. HotCha 1 2 3 4 5 D. The Wynners Teo Soon Kim Sandra Day Shirani Susan Sian Elias O’Connor Bandaranayake Denham Contest Rules: To be eligible to win a bottle of Ch. La Croizille 2007 from Global Vintage Wines Centre, please send your quiz question answers to navin.g.ahuja@ thomsonreuters.com. The first reader to respond with the most correct answers, with no more than 3 incorrect responses, will be deemed 6 7 8 9 10 the winner. The decision of Thomson Reuters Elsie Leung Brenda Hale Beverly Maria Lourdes Susan Kiefel regarding the winner is final and conclusive. McLachlin Sereno

86 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • LEGAL TRIVIA QUIZ 法律知識測驗

法律知識測驗 #45

本月的問題圍繞香港的名人和藝人因各種原因涉及的訴訟。本刊謹此祝賀 Eva Lam，劉林陳律師行 Trainee Solicitor，在法律知識問題由馬錦德大律師編製。歡迎建議下期問題。測驗＃44中勝出。

1. 哪位香港名人曾控告恒生銀行侵權，事緣該銀行在信用卡上使 6. 哪支香港樂隊在2000年代與其經理人公司出現法用他的肖像？律糾紛？ A. 劉德華 A. Soler B. 黎明 B. Beyond C. 成龍 C. HotCha D. 郭富城 D. 溫拿

2. 1997年，《蘋果日報》被裁定侵權，事緣該報刊登了《東方新 7. 2017年，香港電視台行政人員、名人陳志雲根據地》在香港機場拍攝到王菲從北京抵港的照片。這些照片有何《防止賄賂罪條例》的定罪上訴至終審法院得直。特別？他從誰那裡收取構成指控的金錢？ A. 她和新男友一起。 A. 僱員 B. 她看來步履不穩。 B. 僱主的承辦商 C. 她懷孕。 C. 商場 D. 她正在吸煙。 D. 賭場

3. 謝霆鋒於2002年車禍後因甚麼罪名被定罪？ 8. 哪位香港女藝人於2005年控告其前經理人？ A. 在酒精的影響下駕駛 A. 黃聖依 B. 不小心駕駛 B. 容祖兒 C. 危險駕駛 C. 王菲 D. 妨礙司法公正 D. 梁詠琪

4. 在2014年被判洗黑錢罪名成立的楊家誠最初從事什麼職業： 9. 哪位著名香港歌手在90年代初控告一間公司侵權， A. 足球員事緣該公司在卡拉OK唱片上使用其肖像？ B. 銀行家 A. 張國榮 C. 職業賭徒 B. 譚詠麟 D. 髮型師 C. 張學友 D. 黎明 5. 哪個國家的眾議院議員於2011年被香港區域法院裁定藏有危險藥物罪成？ 10. 1971年，邵氏兄弟因一部電影抄襲電影《獨臂 A. 澳洲刀》被起訴侵權。這宗案件有何特別之處？ B. 菲律賓 A. 原審有陪審團。 C. 美國 B. 審訊以中文進行。 C. 審訊由兩名獨臂劍士決鬥。 Answers to Hong Kong Legal History Quiz #44 D. 涉嫌侵權的電影在中國大陸製作(文革期間)。

競賽規則：讀者如欲贏取一瓶由Global Vintage Wines Centre提供的 2007年Ch. La Croizille葡萄酒，請將問題答案寄交 1 2 3 4 5 [email protected]。張舜琴 Sandra Day Shirani Susan Sian Elias 首位能提供最多正確答案(答錯的題目不 O’Connor Bandaranayake Denham 得多於三題)的讀者將成為優勝者。湯森路透就得獎者所作的決定是最終及不可推翻的。

6 7 8 9 10 梁愛詩 Brenda Hale Beverly Maria Lourdes Susan Kiefel McLachlin Sereno www.hk-lawyer.org 87 • January 2018

Boxing – “The Sweet Science of Bruising”

By Jonathan Crompton, Partner RPC

n 2012, Jonathan Crompton, was Violence or professionalism Crompton explains why, as a busy lawyer, attending his third white collar he enjoys boxing. Iboxing event as a spectator. A few Not all changes to boxing since the years of playing recreational rugby Marquess of Queensbury rules in 1867 The ‘Sweet Science’ and post-game socialising helped have been positive. The youngest ever Most boxers are skilled professionals like him to his heaviest weight ever. world heavyweight champion was a Manny Pacquiao and Nicola Adams, rather After a few courses of dinner and notorious ear biter and convicted rapist. than violent thugs. The whole ethos of a few rounds of fighting, the usual The self-proclaimed ‘best ever’ just boxing aligns with legal professionalism: conversation started... “So, who’s retired with a 50-0 professional record going to fight next time?” after beating a mixed martial artist with Diligence – The initial ‘boot camp’ was no professional boxing record, for a pay- hard. As was the second, third, fourth... Crompton had been tempted to out exceeding US$100 million. That’s the point. With each training try boxing since attending his first session harder than the last, you become white collar fight because of the Yet there are lots of lawyers involved fitter and stronger. Mohammed Ali said fitness training, but boxing turned in boxing. Bob Arum, founder and “The fight is won or lost far away from out to be more than just another CEO of Top Rank Boxing, graduated witnesses, behind the lines, in the gym and challenge. Two white collar fights from Harvard Law School and was a out there on the road, long before I dance later, Crompton credits boxing with US Department of Justice attorney under those lights”. Similarly, maximising kick-starting a transformation of body before being asked by the Nation of your client’s chances of the best outcome and mind. Now a partner at RPC, he Islam to represent Mohammed Ali. In involves hard work. I no longer wish people enjoys training friends for their first Hong Kong, there are many partners luck – if you need luck you haven’t done fight, while contemplating a return and associates in law firms who are enough. Instead I tell people they’ve for his third. current or former boxers, including a worked hard for it. welterweight with a 38-0 record. • Focus – The prospect of someone

88 www.hk-lawyer.org January 2018 • LAWYERS AT LEISURE 律師閒情

punching you in the face is very fighting (think Rocky and Apollo) are Nights in Hong Kong and Singapore. motivating. Training for a fight takes commonplace, with your training Through boxing, we can give back to time and lawyers are generally buddies, your sparring partners, communities we would not normally busy. Finding time to train is a good and your opponent. Knowing that reach. exercise in removing distractions, someone can take your hardest • The fight – A time-warping cutting down excess socialising, and punches and still move forward combination of anticipation, ensuring you are well-rested. breeds respect. nerves, adrenaline, breathlessness, • Resilience – Sparring with a more • Humility – No one achieves frustration, uncertainty, experienced boxer teaches you greatness alone. We all need a achievement and pride. There is about your weaknesses. This applies teacher, a mentor, a training buddy, nothing like fighting in a ring… and to the law too. Lawyers also don’t and a sparring partner. Boxing nothing like having fought. Bring on like losing. Harnessed correctly, helped me realise that asking for number 3. though, defeat provides motivation help and learning from others is not to work harder, for the ring or for a weakness, but a strength. Getting involved Court. As Rocky Balboa says “It’s • Charity – We also benefit from Hong Kong has several specialist not about how hard you get hit. giving. When filming Ip Man 3, Mike boxing gyms within a short walk from It’s about how hard you can get hit Tyson visited the Hong Kong Police offices and the MTR. DEF (Rex Tso’s and keep moving forward”. Coping Boxing Club and the Operation gym), Impakt (Alain Ngalani’s), and JAB with adversity is called “rolling with Breakthrough’s boxing programme provide one-on-one training and small- the punches” for a reason, and it’s (www.breakthrough.hk/boxing). group boxing sessions. an enormously beneficial skill for Vanda has raised more than US$2 Gyms like Pure and Fitness First also lawyers. million for the Children’s Surgical have ‘Body Combat’ classes and • Respect – Boxing builds friendships Centre in Cambodia, most coming personal boxing trainers. n and a community. Friendships after from donations at White Collar Fight 拳擊 –「瘀傷的甜蜜科學」

作者 Jonathan Crompton, RPC合夥人 012年，Jonathan Crompton觀看了他的第三場白和強姦犯。自稱為「最強者」以 50-0的領拳擊比賽。玩了幾年橄欖球和賽後社交活動，促 2 職業成績退下來後，擊敗了一個沒有職業使他參加了有史以來最重量級的拳賽。晚飯幾道菜、拳擊記錄的混合武術家，獲得超過1億美幾個回合後，平常的談話開始了...... 「那下一場誰來打元的獎金。呢？」儘管如此，有很多律師參與拳擊。Top 自從因為健身訓練觀看了第一場白領拳賽以 Rank Boxing始辦人兼行政總裁Bob Arum 來，Crompton對拳擊躍躍欲試，但拳擊原畢業於哈佛大學法律學院，是美國司法部來不僅是另一個挑戰。再看了兩次白領的律師，後來被伊斯蘭國家要求代表拳王拳賽後，Crompton深信拳擊能轉變身阿里。在香港，律師行有很多合夥人和律心。Crompton現在是RPC的合夥人，師是現任或前任拳手，其中一位為中量級他喜歡訓練朋友們參與第一次拳賽，拳手，擁有38-0紀錄。同時也考慮參加他的第三次。 Crompton解釋了作為忙碌的律師，他喜暴力還是專業歡拳擊的原因。自1867年昆斯拜瑞侯爵的統治「甜蜜的科學」以來，拳擊的改變並非都是正面的。有史以來最年輕的重量級世多數拳手都是受過訓練的專業人士，如界冠軍，是一個臭名昭著的暴徒 Manny Pacquiao和Nicola Adams，而不

www.hk-lawyer.org 89 • January 2018

是暴力的暴徒。拳擊的精神與法律專業對逆境稱為rolling with the punches • 戰鬥 - 預期、神經綳緊、腎上腺素、一致：是有原因的，這對律師來說是非常呼吸困難、挫折、不確定性、成就和自 • 勤奮 - 最初的「新兵訓練營」很艱有用的技能。豪感的組合。在擂台上戰鬥的獨特感難，第二、第三、第四次亦如是。這 • 尊重 - 拳擊建立友誼和社區。打拳後受...... 參與拳擊的獨特感受。來吧第三是重點。每次訓練都變得更強大。拳與訓練夥伴、陪練夥伴和對手成為場拳賽。王阿里說過：「所有拳賽的勝負都不好友很普遍(想象Rocky和Apollo)。參與是來自於眾多的觀眾和見證者，而是知道有人可以吃你最重一拳後仍繼香港有數家專門的拳擊館，均離辦來自於幕後、在訓練館裏以及在大路續向進，令人深生尊敬。上的不停奔跑，是我在燈光下舞蹈很公地區和地鐵站不遠。DEF(曹星如) • 謙卑 - 沒有人能獨自成就大業。我們久以前就已經決定了的。」同樣，令、Impakt(Alain Ngalani)和JAB提供一對一都需要老師、導師、訓練夥伴和陪客戶獲得最佳結果涉及辛勤工作。我和小組拳擊訓練。練員。拳擊令我意識到尋求幫助和不再祝別人好運 - 如果你需要運氣， Pure和Fitness First等健身中心也有Body 向別人學習不是弱點，而是一種力你做得不夠多。相反，我會告訴別人 Combat班和私人拳擊教練。量。 n 他們已經努力過。 • 慈善 – 施比受更有福。 • 專注 – 有機會被人在臉上重擊一拳，在拍攝《葉問3》時，泰是非常具激勵性的。訓練需要時間，臣參觀了香港警察拳擊會律師一般很忙。找到時間訓練是消除和「突破行動」的拳擊分心、減少過度社交、確保足夠休息計劃(www.breakthrough. 的一個好鍛煉。 hk/boxing)。Vanda為柬 • 韌力 - 與經驗更豐富的拳手對打，埔寨兒童外科中心籌集了令你認識自己的弱點。這也適用於法 200多萬美元，其中大部律。律師也不喜歡失敗，但失敗是更分來自香港和新加坡白領努力工作的動力，不論在擂台還是法拳擊之夜。我們通過拳擊庭。正如Rocky Balboa所說：「不是回饋通常不會接觸到的社關乎你吃的拳有多重，而是你能吃多區。重的一拳後仍能繼續前進。」為了應

90 www.hk-lawyer.org

MICHAEL PAGE LEGAL SPECIALISTS IN LEGAL RECRUITMENT

MEET THE TEAM FINANCIAL SERVICES COMMERCIAL PRIVATE PRACTICE

Michael Page Legal services major corporates, international and leading local law firms, as well as financial services institutions on a global scale. Our consultants ECM Lawyer Legal Counsel Property Senior Lawyer/Salaried Partner are strategically specialised in focusing on legal recruitment for different aspects of the job function and industry, diversifying and maximising our recruitment coverage as a team. We have successfully placed candidates across all levels from Associates and Junior Legal Counsels, to Partners and Heads of Legal. › 5+ PQE › 5+ PQE › 8+ PQE › Investment Bank › Well known TMT giant › International Law Firm A sizable investment bank is seeking for a mid-level up Our client is a multinational information technology and Our client is a Chinese based international law firm, Olga Yung, Regional Director, Financial Services ECM lawyer to join their established team of over 10 communication engineering company experiencing stable they are now hiring a property lawyer with hands-on lawyers. You will participate in a variety of corporate growth in Asia. They are now seeking a Legal Counsel to experience in conveyancing, sale and purchase, and Olga has been specialising in legal recruitment for over ten years, with a focus on financial services clients. She has an outstanding proven track record transactions including IPO, M&As and with some exposure join their APAC legal team. You will be reporting directly tenancy work. The ideal candidate should possess at in placing all levels of legal professionals, with a stronger focus on mid to senior level hires. Graduating with a Bachelor and Master degree in Law, Olga to DCM matters, though predominant focus is on ECM to the Head of APAC with a dotted reporting line to least 8 years’ PQE specializing in property development, possesses experience gained from international law firms prior to joining Michael Page. Olga has extensive networks across the in house sector and with in- transactions. The successful candidate will possess the General Counsel in the headquarters and provide investment acquisitions and sales, including commercial depth knowledge of legal talent available within the region. She has also successfully recruited within the private practice and in house legal space. at least 5 years’ PQE in the area of corporate law being strategic legal advice to the regional senior management. and residential property leasing as well as liaising with [email protected] | +852 2848 4791 | linkedin.com/in/olgayung well versed in ECM transactions as well as with strong The successful candidate will have a minimum of 5 years’ landlord and tenant, and managing real estate finance. corporate compliance knowledge of local regulatory PQE, being well versed with commercial agreements The ideal candidate will be fluent in English as well as guidelines. You will be a team player being comfortable and with strong business sense, interpersonal and Mandarin and will be able to draft in simplified Chinese. working in a sizable team, and with confidence working communication skills. Fluency in both written and spoken Prior experience as an in-house counsel is advantageous, with stakeholders at all levels. Strong English and Chinese English and Chinese (Mandarin) is required. Ref: 3966899 lawyers wishing to return to private practice are welcome Serena Tang, Associate Director, In House Corporate Marta Verderosa, Manager, Private Practice language skills required. Ref: 3961975 to apply for this role. Ref: 3967310 Serena has over 7 years of recruitment experience, specialising Marta has over 4 years of legal recruitment experience, with a in the recruitment of in-house lawyers where her industry focus is dedicated focus on private practice. She has extensive experience across in house corporate, assisting all types of commercial clients in recruitment covering all areas of practices for lawyers, from newly in Hong Kong. Serena has long standing work relationships with the qualified up to partner level, for leading and sizable law firms in Hong Brokerage/Products Lawyer Legal Counsel Senior Regulatory/Criminal Litigator executive-level legal and human resources professionals across a Kong. She also oversees legal support hires for financial institution › 8+ PQE › 3+ PQE › 4-7 PQE variety of industries with multinationals, state-owned enterprises, clients, and has recruited within the in house legal space. Marta is › Global Financial Institution › Established Aircraft Leasing Company › Boutique Law Firm as well as domestic private and listed companies. Graduating from the University a LLB graduate and worked in a leading law firm and a global insurance company of Wisconsin, Serena gained experience in management consulting prior to joining before joining Michael Page. A global financial institution is seeking to take on a Our client is a well-established aircraft leasing company A boutique law firm with a leading litigation practice is senior lawyer with experience in supporting retail/ under a leading international group. Due to business currently keen to hire a senior litigator to focus on white- Michael Page in 2010. [email protected] | +852 2848 4794 | brokerage businesses, to work closely with senior expansion in Asia, they are now seeking a Legal Counsel collar defense work. Working closely with the leading [email protected] | +852 3412 4810 | linkedin.com/in/tangserena linkedin.com/in/martaverderosa management and to report to the COO of the business. to join them in Hong Kong and be part of their global individuals in this space, you will help oversee a well- Taking on a newly created role, you will have the legal team. You will be reporting to the Head of Legal established litigation practice focusing on white-collar opportunity to grow the business with key stakeholders and spend most of your time guiding and managing crimes, regulatory enquiries and investigations including as well as to build up legal presence for the business in corporate transactions as well as providing business SFC & in-house disciplinary matters involving banks’ Tina Wang, Managing Consultant, In-House Corporate Kamil Butt, Senior Consultant, Private Practice Hong Kong. The ideal candidate will have with at least 8 advice on business operations and growth strategy. The internal investigation and other quasi-criminal matters. years’ PQE gained within financial services industry and ideal candidate will have a minimum of 3 years’ PQE with The ideal candidate is a Hong Kong solicitor with minimum Tina has over 4 years’ recruitment experience within the in Kamil joined Michael Page Legal in year 2015 with over 2 years any exposure in wealth management products is useful. exposure in handling aircraft or ship financing deals. 4 years of experience and a mixture of criminal litigation house commercial space, specialising in recruitment of in-house legal recruitment experience. He specializes in recruitment for Excellent career prospects for those who are eager to Strong language skills in both written and spoken English and regulatory litigation experience. Proficiency in both lawyers at all levels. She has an excellent track record working private practice and financial services clients, with an excellent track take on senior leadership roles with business exposure. and Chinese is required. Ref: 3966214 English and Chinese is preferred. This position offers a with multinationals, state-owned enterprises, as well as domestic record in successfully assisting legal support candidates including English and Chinese language skills required. Ref: clear career path as well as leadership responsibilities private and listed companies in Hong Kong. Tina’s in-depth market paralegals and company secretaries at all levels. Kamil was born in 3952481 within the team. Ref: 3964313 knowledge and extensive networks in the region allows her access Hong Kong and speaks both English and Cantonese, he graduated to high calibre candidates and clients. Tina is CPA qualified with a with a Bachelor Degree in Law from University of Bristol. M&A Lawyer Compliance Counsel Asset Finance Salaried Partner (Shipping) prior career in PriceWaterhouse Coopers prior to joining Michael Page. [email protected] | +852 2848 4798 | linkedin.com/in/kamilbutt [email protected] | +852 2848 9561 | › 5+ PQE › 3+ PQE › 7+ PQE linkedin.com/in/tina-wang-cpa-8b604746 › Global Financial Institution › Multinational Industry Leader › UK Law Firm A global financial institution is seeking for a mid-level The Compliance Counsel will be responsible for managing A leading UK law firm is looking for a senior asset and lease- up M&A lawyer to focus on M&A transactions within the the compliance, disputes as well as investigation and based financing lawyer to join the newly set up but growing region. As M&A is the bread and butter of this organization, ethics matters program implementation in Asia Pacific. practice in Hong Kong. You will manage the existing team Sabina Li, Consultant, Legal Support Soraya Tennent, Consultant, Legal Support their legal team is dedicated in providing legal advice This role will be responsible for working with the regional and a broad range of finance transactions with a specific on M&A deals within the Asia Pacific region, and also to legal team to provide strategic, dispute, compliance focus on shipping work. The firm has established clients Sabina specialises in the recruitment of company secretarial Soraya’s career with Michael Page commenced in Australia in 2015. She provide support on other matters including joint ventures, and investigation advice to various business teams and in the region and offers the opportunity to work closely professionals at all levels, with a focus on in house commercial has 2 years of recruitment experience in the areas of legal and finance. restructuring, financing. You will also assist on the drafting senior management in order to support their goals and with clients across a variety of industry sectors including clients in Hong Kong. She has 2 years of recruitment experience After moving to Hong Kong, Soraya specialises in the recruitment of and negotiating of a variety of commercial agreements objectives and to ensure adherence to corporate and infrastructure and transport, financial institutions, energy servicing commercial clients across a variety of industries. Sabina legal support staff for all leading and sizable law firms as well as global and ad hoc in house work such as employment matters. legislative requirements. The ideal candidate will have at and natural resources. The ideal candidate should be graduated from the UK with a Bachelor of Science and a Graduate and local financial institutions. Soraya graduated from Curtin University The ideal candidate will possess at least 5 years’ PQE least 3 years’ PQE in drafting policies and procedures, qualified in Hong Kong, the UK or Australia with at least Diploma in Law. Prior to joining Michael Page, she worked with a law with a Double Major in Business Law and Journalism. with strong M&A experience. In house financial services overseeing compliance programs preferably across the 7 years’ working experience. More junior candidates are experience will be highly regarded, as is experience gained region. Fluency in written and spoken English, Cantonese welcome to apply as senior associates/counsels. Overseas firm and a HK listed company as a paralegal and company secretary. [email protected] | +852 2848 4795 | with sizable law firms. Excellent English and Chinese and Mandarin is required. Ref: 3967440 applicants with relevant background will be considered. Ref: [email protected] | +852 3602 2480 | linkedin.com/in/sabinali linkedin.com/in/soraya-tennent-0b9a6a95 language skills required. Ref: 3965781 3668730

To apply, visit www.michaelpage.com.hk quoting the reference number or contact our consultants.

Specialists in legal recruitment Legal www.michaelpage.com.hk MICHAELMICHAEL PAGEPAGE LEGALLEGAL SPECIALISTSSPECIALISTS ININ LEGALLEGAL RECRUITMENTRECRUITMENT

MEETMEET THE THE TEAM TEAM FINANCIALFINANCIAL SERVICES SERVICES COMMERCIALCOMMERCIAL PRIVATEPRIVATE PRACTICE PRACTICE

MichaelMichael Page Page Legal Legal services services major major corporates, corporates, international international and and leading leading local local law law firms, firms, asas wellwell asas financial financial servicesservices institutionsinstitutions onon a a global global scale.scale. OurOur consultantsconsultants ECMECM Lawyer Lawyer LegalLegal Counsel Counsel PropertyProperty Senior Senior Lawyer/Salaried Lawyer/Salaried Partner Partner areare strategically strategically specialised specialised in in focusing focusing on on legal legal recruitment recruitment for for different different aspects aspects of of the the job job function function and and industry, industry, diversifying diversifying and and maximising maximising our our recruitment recruitment coveragecoverage as as a a team. team. We We have have successfully successfully placed placed candidates candidates across across all all levels levels from from Associates Associates and and Junior Junior Legal Legal Counsels, Counsels, to to Partners Partners and and Heads Heads of of Legal. Legal. › ›5+ 5+ PQE PQE › ›5+ 5+ PQE PQE › ›8+ 8+ PQE PQE › ›Investment Investment Bank Bank › ›Well Well known known TMT TMT giant giant › ›International International Law Law Firm Firm AA sizable sizable investment investment bank bank is is seeking seeking for for a a mid-level mid-level up up OurOur client client is is a amultinational multinational information information technology technology and and OurOur client client is is a a Chinese Chinese based based international international law law firm, firm, OlgaOlga Yung, Yung, Regional Regional Director, Director, Financial Financial Services Services ECMECM lawyer lawyer to to join join their their established established team team of of over over 10 10 communicationcommunication engineering engineering company company experiencing experiencing stable stable theythey are are now now hiring hiring a a property property lawyer lawyer with with hands-on hands-on lawyers.lawyers. You You will will participate participate in in a a variety variety of of corporate corporate growthgrowth in in Asia. Asia. They They are are now now seeking seeking a aLegal Legal Counsel Counsel to to experienceexperience in in conveyancing, conveyancing, sale sale and and purchase, purchase, and and OlgaOlga has has been been specialising specialising in in legal legal recruitment recruitment for for over over ten ten years, years, with with a afocus focus on on financial financial services services clients. clients. SheShe has has an an outstandingoutstanding provenproven track track record record transactionstransactions including including IPO, IPO, M&As M&As and and with with some some exposure exposure joinjoin their their APAC APAC legal legal team. team. You You will will be be reporting reporting directly directly tenancytenancy work. work. The The ideal ideal candidate candidate should should possess possess at at inin placing placing all all levels levels of of legal legal professionals, professionals, with with a astronger stronger focus focus on on mid mid to to senior senior level level hires. hires. Graduating Graduating with with a aBachelor Bachelor and and Master Master degree degree in in Law, Law, Olga Olga toto DCM DCM matters, matters, though though predominant predominant focus focus is is on on ECM ECM toto the the Head Head of of APAC APAC with with a a dotted dotted reporting reporting line line to to leastleast 8 8years’ years’ PQE PQE specializing specializing in in property property development, development, possessespossesses experience experience gained gained from from international international law law firms firms priorprior to to joining joining MichaelMichael Page.Page. OlgaOlga has has extensive extensive networks networks across across the the in in house house sector sector and and withwith inin- transactions.transactions. The The successful successful candidate candidate will will possess possess thethe General General Counsel Counsel in in the the headquarters headquarters and and provide provide investmentinvestment acquisitions acquisitions and and sales, sales, including including commercial commercial depthdepth knowledge knowledge of of legal legal talent talent available available within within the the region. region. She She has has also also successfully successfully recruited recruited within within the the private private practice practice and and in in house house legal legal space. space. atat least least 5 5years’ years’ PQE PQE in in the the area area of of corporate corporate law law being being strategicstrategic legal legal advice advice to to the the regional regional senior senior management. management. andand residential residential property property leasing leasing as as well well as as liaising liaising with with [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | +852| +852 2848 2848 4791 4791 | linkedin.com/i| linkedin.com/in/olgayungn/olgayung wellwell versed versed in in ECM ECM transactions transactions as as well well as as with with strong strong TheThe successful successful candidate candidate will will have have a aminimum minimum of of 5 5years’ years’ landlordlandlord and and tenant, tenant, and and managing managing real real estate estate finance. finance. corporatecorporate compliance compliance knowledge knowledge of of local local regulatory regulatory PQE,PQE, being being well well versed versed with with commercial commercial agreements agreements TheThe ideal ideal candidate candidate will will be be fluent fluent in in English English as as well well as as guidelines.guidelines. You You will will be be a ateam team player player being being comfortable comfortable andand with with strong strong business business sense, sense, interpersonal interpersonal and and MandarinMandarin and and will will be be able able to to draft draft in in simplified simplified Chinese.Chinese. workingworking in in a asizable sizable team, team, and and with with confidence confidence workingworking communicationcommunication skills. skills. Fluency Fluency in in both both written written and and spoken spoken PriorPrior experience experience as as an an in-house in-house counsel counsel is is advantageous, advantageous, withwith stakeholders stakeholders at at all all levels. levels. Strong Strong English English and and Chinese Chinese EnglishEnglish and and Chinese Chinese (Mandarin) (Mandarin) is is required. required. Ref: Ref: 3966899 3966899 lawyerslawyers wishing wishing to to return return to to private private practice practice are are welcome welcome SerenaSerena Tang, Tang, Associate Associate Director, Director, In In House House Corporate Corporate MartaMarta Verderosa, Verderosa, Manager, Manager, Private Private Practice Practice languagelanguage skills skills required. required. Ref: Ref: 3961975 3961975 toto apply apply for for this this role. role. Ref: Ref: 3967310 3967310 SerenaSerena has has over over 7 7 years years of of recruitment recruitment experience, experience, specialising specialising MartaMarta has has over over 4 4 years years of of legal legal recruitment recruitment experience, experience, with with a a inin the the recruitment recruitment of of in-house in-house lawyers lawyers where where her her industry industry focus focus is is dedicateddedicated focus focus on on private private practice. practice. She She has has extensive extensive experience experience acrossacross in in house house corporate, corporate, assisting assisting all all types types of of commercial commercial clients clients inin recruitment recruitment covering covering all all areas areas of of practices practices for for lawyers, lawyers, from from newly newly inin Hong Hong Kong. Kong. Serena Serena has has long long standing standing work work relationships relationships with with the the qualifiedqualified up up to to partnerpartner level, level, for for leading leading and and sizable sizable law law firms firms in in HongHong Brokerage/ProductsBrokerage/Products Lawyer Lawyer LegalLegal Counsel Counsel SeniorSenior Regulatory/Criminal Regulatory/Criminal Litigator Litigator executive-levelexecutive-level legal legal and and human human resources resources professionals professionals across across a a Kong.Kong. She She also also oversees oversees legal legal support support hires hires for for financial financial institution institution › ›8+ 8+ PQE PQE › ›3+ 3+ PQE PQE › ›4-7 4-7 PQE PQE varietyvariety of of industries industries with with multinationals, multinationals, state-owned state-owned enterprises, enterprises, clients,clients, and and has has recruited recruited within within the the in in house house legal legal space. space. Marta Marta is is › ›Global Global Financial Financial Institution Institution › ›Established Established Aircraft Aircraft Leasing Leasing Company Company › ›Boutique Boutique Law Law Firm Firm asas well well as as domestic domestic private private and and listed listed companies. companies. Graduating Graduating from from the the University University a aLLB LLB graduate graduate and and worked worked in in a aleading leading law law firm firm and and a a globalglobal insurance insurance company company ofof Wisconsin, Wisconsin, Serena Serena gained gained experience experience in in management management consulting consulting prior prior to to joining joining beforebefore joining joining Michael Michael Page. Page. AA global global financial financial institution institution is is seeking seeking to to take take on on a a OurOur client client is is a awell-established well-established aircraft aircraft leasing leasing company company AA boutique boutique law law firm firm with with a a leading leading litigation litigation practice practice is is seniorsenior lawyerlawyer with with experience experience in in supporting supporting retail/ retail/ underunder a a leading leading international international group. group. Due Due to to business business currentlycurrently keen keen to to hire hire a asenior senior litigator litigator to to focus focus on on white- white- MichaelMichael Page Page in in 2010. 2010. [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | +852| +852 2848 2848 4794 4794 | | brokeragebrokerage businesses,businesses, to to work work closely closely with with senior senior expansionexpansion in in Asia, Asia, they they are are now now seeking seeking a aLegal Legal Counsel Counsel collarcollar defense defense work. work. Working Working closely closely with with the the leading leading [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | +852| +852 3412 3412 4810 4810 | linkedin.com/in/tangserena| linkedin.com/in/tangserena linkedin.com/in/martaverderosalinkedin.com/in/martaverderosa managementmanagement and and to to report report to to the the COO COO of of the the business. business. toto join join them them in in Hong Hong Kong Kong and and be be part part of of their their global global individualsindividuals in in this this space, space, you you will will help help oversee oversee a a wellwell- TakingTaking on on a a newly newly created created role, role, you you will will have have the the legallegal team. team. You You will will be be reporting reporting to to the the Head Head of of Legal Legal establishedestablished litigation litigation practice practice focusing focusing on on white-collar white-collar opportunityopportunity to to grow grow the the business business with with key key stakeholders stakeholders andand spend spend most most of of your your time time guiding guiding and and managing managing crimes,crimes, regulatory regulatory enquiries enquiries and and investigations investigations including including asas well well as as to to build build up up legal legal presence presence for for the the business business in in corporatecorporate transactions transactions as as well well as as providing providing business business SFCSFC & & in-house in-house disciplinary disciplinary matters matters involving involving banks’ banks’ TinaTina Wang, Wang, Managing Managing Consultant, Consultant, In-House In-House Corporate Corporate KamilKamil Butt, Butt, Senior Senior Consultant, Consultant, Private Private Practice Practice HongHong Kong. Kong. The The ideal ideal candidate candidate will will have have with with at at least least 8 8 adviceadvice on on business business operations operations and and growth growth strategy. strategy. The The internalinternal investigation investigation and and other other quasi-criminal quasi-criminal matters. matters. years’years’ PQE PQE gained gained within within financial financial services services industry industry and and idealideal candidate candidate will will have have a aminimum minimum of of 3 3years’ years’ PQE PQE with with TheThe ideal ideal candidate candidate is is a aHong Hong Kong Kong solicitor solicitor with with minimum minimum TinaTina has has over over 4 4 years’ years’ recruitment recruitment experience experience within within the the in in KamilKamil joined joined Michael Michael Page Page Legal Legal in in year year 2015 2015 with with over over 2 2 years years anyany exposure exposure in in wealth wealth management management products products is is useful. useful. exposureexposure in in handling handling aircraft aircraft or or ship ship financing financing deals. deals. 4 4years years of of experience experience and and a amixture mixture of of criminal criminal litigation litigation househouse commercial commercial space, space, specialising specialising in in recruitment recruitment of of in-house in-house legallegal recruitment recruitment experience. experience. He He specializes specializes in in recruitment recruitment for for ExcellentExcellent career career prospects prospects for for those those who who are are eager eager to to StrongStrong language language skills skills in in both both written written and and spoken spoken English English andand regulatory regulatory litigation litigation experience. experience. Proficiency Proficiency in in both both lawyerslawyers at at all all levels. levels. She She has has an an excellent excellent track track record record working working privateprivate practice practice and and financial financial services services clients, clients, withwith an an excellent excellent track track taketake on on senior senior leadership leadership roles roles with with business business exposure. exposure. andand Chinese Chinese is is required. required. Ref: Ref: 3966214 3966214 EnglishEnglish and and Chinese Chinese is is preferred. preferred. This This position position offers offers a a withwith multinationals, multinationals, state-owned state-owned enterprises, enterprises, as as well well as as domestic domestic recordrecord in in successfully successfully assisting assisting legal legal support support candidates candidates including including EnglishEnglish andand Chinese Chinese language language skills skills required. required. Ref: Ref: clearclear career career path path as as well well as as leadership leadership responsibilities responsibilities privateprivate and and listed listed companies companies in in Hong Hong Kong. Kong. Tina’s Tina’s in-depth in-depth market market paralegalsparalegals and and company company secretaries secretaries at at all all levels. levels. Kamil Kamil was was born born in in 39524813952481 withinwithin the the team. team. Ref: Ref: 3964313 3964313 knowledgeknowledge and and extensive extensive networks networks in in the the region region allows allows her her access access HongHong Kong Kong and and speaks speaks both both English English and and Cantonese, Cantonese, he he graduated graduated toto high high calibre calibre candidates candidates and and clients. clients. Tina Tina is is CPA CPA qualified qualified withwith a a withwith a aBachelor Bachelor Degree Degree in in Law Law from from University University of of Bristol. Bristol. M&AM&A Lawyer Lawyer ComplianceCompliance Counsel Counsel AssetAsset Finance Finance Salaried Salaried Partner Partner (Shipping) (Shipping) priorprior career career in in PriceWaterhouse PriceWaterhouse Coopers Coopers prior prior to to joining joining Michael Michael Page. Page. [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | +852| +852 2848 2848 4798 4798 | linkedin.com/i| linkedin.com/in/kamilbuttn/kamilbutt [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | +852| +852 2848 2848 9561 9561 | | › ›5+ 5+ PQE PQE › ›3+ 3+ PQE PQE › ›7+ 7+ PQE PQE linkedin.com/in/tina-wang-cpa-8b604746linkedin.com/in/tina-wang-cpa-8b604746 › ›Global Global Financial Financial Institution Institution › ›Multinational Multinational Industry Industry Leader Leader › ›UK UK Law Law Firm Firm AA global global financial financial institution institution is is seeking seeking for for a a mid-level mid-level TheThe Compliance Compliance Counsel Counsel will will be be responsible responsible for for managing managing AA leading leading UK UK law law firm firm is is looking looking for for a asenior senior asset asset and and lease- lease- upup M&A M&A lawyer lawyer to to focus focus on on M&A M&A transactions transactions within within the the thethe compliance, compliance, disputes disputes as as well well as as investigation investigation and and basedbased financing financing lawyer lawyer to to join join the the newly newly set set up up but but growing growing region.region. As As M&A M&A is is the the bread bread and and butter butter of of this this organization, organization, ethicsethics matters matters program program implementation implementation in in Asia Asia Pacific. Pacific. practicepractice in in Hong Hong Kong. Kong. You You will will manage manage the the existing existing team team SabinaSabina Li, Li, Consultant, Consultant, Legal Legal Support Support SorayaSoraya Tennent, Tennent, Consultant, Consultant, Legal Legal Support Support theirtheir legal legal team team is is dedicated dedicated in in providing providing legal legal advice advice ThisThis role role will will be be responsible responsible for for working working with with the the regional regional andand a a broad broad range range of of finance finance transactions transactions with with a a specific specific onon M&A M&A deals deals within within the the Asia Asia Pacific Pacific region, region, and and also also to to legallegal team team to to provide provide strategic, strategic, dispute, dispute, compliance compliance focusfocus on on shipping shipping work. work. The The firm firm has has established established clients clients SabinaSabina specialises specialises in in the the recruitment recruitment of of company company secretarial secretarial Soraya’sSoraya’s career career with with Michael Michael Page Page commenced commenced in in Australia Australia in in 2015. 2015. She She provideprovide support support on on other other matters matters including including joint joint ventures, ventures, andand investigation investigation advice advice to to various various business business teams teams and and inin the the region region and and offers offers the the opportunity opportunity to to work work closely closely professionalsprofessionals at at all all levels, levels, with with a a focus focus on on in in house house commercial commercial hashas 2 2years years of of recruitment recruitment experience experience in in the the areas areas of of legal legal and and finance. finance. restructuring,restructuring, financing. financing. You You willwill also also assist assist on on the the drafting drafting seniorsenior management management in in order order to to support support their their goals goals and and withwith clients clients across across a a variety variety of of industry industry sectors sectors including including clientsclients in in Hong Hong Kong. Kong. She She has has 2 2 years years of of recruitment recruitment experience experience AfterAfter moving moving to to Hong Hong Kong, Kong, Soraya Soraya specialises specialises in in the the recruitment recruitment of of andand negotiating negotiating of of a a variety variety of of commercial commercial agreements agreements objectivesobjectives and and to to ensure ensure adherence adherence to to corporate corporate and and infrastructureinfrastructure and and transport, transport, financial financial institutions, institutions, energy energy servicingservicing commercial commercial clients clients across across a avariety variety of of industries. industries. Sabina Sabina legallegal support support staff staff for for all all leading leading and and sizable sizable law law firms firms as as wellwell as as global global andand ad ad hoc hoc in in house house work work such such as as employment employment matters. matters. legislativelegislative requirements. requirements. The The ideal ideal candidate candidate will will have have at at andand natural natural resources. resources. The The ideal ideal candidate candidate should should be be graduatedgraduated from from the the UK UK with with a aBachelor Bachelor of of Science Science and and a aGraduate Graduate andand local local financial financial institutions. institutions. SorayaSoraya graduated graduated from from CurtinCurtin UniversityUniversity TheThe ideal ideal candidate candidate will will possess possess at at least least 5 5 years’ years’ PQE PQE leastleast 3 3 years’ years’ PQE PQE in in drafting drafting policies policies and and procedures, procedures, qualifiedqualified in in Hong Hong Kong, Kong, the the UK UK or or Australia Australia with with at at least least DiplomaDiploma in in Law. Law. Prior Prior to to joining joining Michael Michael Page, Page, she she worked worked with with a alaw law withwith a aDouble Double Major Major in in Business Business Law Law and and Journalism. Journalism. withwith strong strong M&A M&A experience. experience. In In house house financial financial services services overseeingoverseeing compliance compliance programs programs preferably preferably across across the the 7 7 years’ years’ working working experience. experience. More More junior junior candidates candidates are are experienceexperience will will be be highly highly regarded, regarded, as as is is experience experience gained gained region.region. Fluency Fluency in in written written and and spoken spoken English, English, Cantonese Cantonese welcomewelcome to to apply apply as as senior senior associates/counsels. associates/counsels. Overseas Overseas firmfirm and and a a HKHK listed listed company company as as a a paralegalparalegal and and company company secretary. secretary. [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | +852| +852 2848 2848 4795 4795 | | withwith sizable sizable law law firms. firms. Excellent Excellent English English and and Chinese Chinese andand Mandarin Mandarin is is required. required. Ref: Ref: 3967440 3967440 applicantsapplicants with with relevant relevant background background will will be be considered. considered. Ref: Ref: [email protected]@michaelpage.com.hk | +852| +852 3602 3602 2480 2480 | linkedin.com/i| linkedin.com/in/sabinalin/sabinali linkedin.com/in/soraya-tennent-0b9a6a95linkedin.com/in/soraya-tennent-0b9a6a95 languagelanguage skills skills required. required. Ref: Ref: 3965781 3965781 36687303668730

ToTo apply, apply, visit visit www.michaelpage.com.hk www.michaelpage.com.hk quoting quoting the the reference reference number number or or contact contact our our consultants. consultants.

SpecialistsSpecialists in in legal legal recruitment recruitment LegalLegal www.michaelpage.com.hkwww.michaelpage.com.hk trust | honesty | integrity | partnership

Regulatory Litigation Capital Markets Litigation 4+ PQE Hong Kong 3-7 PQE Hong Kong 3+ PQE Hong Kong Our client is a global law firm with a market- This leading UK law firm seeks a lawyer to join Our client seeks an associate to join their leading presence in Asia. This is an excellent their award-winning Corporate Finance practice exceptional team. This practice specialises and unique opportunity for a mid-level associate to provide assistance on a variety of capital in litigation matters that are high in profile, to join their disputes practice. The successful raising, compliance and governance issues. You value and complexity, and has particular candidate will have general commercial litigation will be admitted in a common law jurisdiction expertise in multi-jurisdictional disputes. and contentious regulatory experience. Ideal with relevant experience in M&A or HK IPO. Ideal candidate will have fluency in Chinese. candidate will be common law qualified. HKL4825 Mandarin preferred. HKL4714 HKL4798

Corporate Insurance Litigation Banking & Finance 6+ PQE Hong Kong 2-4 PQE Hong Kong 2+ PQE Hong Kong Our client is a global law firm seeking a Excellent opportunity to join a truly market leading This global law firm seeks a lawyer to senior lawyer to join their leading corporate practice and a firm in growth mode across the Asia join their practice, assisting renowned finance practice to provide assistance on a Pacific. You will work with reputable individuals on partners and high profile clients. You variety of capital raising, compliance and all aspects of insurance and reinsurance dispute will work on big ticket deals, including governance issues. You will be admitted resolution matters. You will have a background corporate lending, equity-backed financing, in a common law jurisdiction with relevant in commercial litigation with any shipping and restructuring and mainstream syndicated experience in M&A or HK IPO. Mandarin insurance background being ideal. You will be HK lending. You will be HK qualified, Mandarin preferred. HKL4799 qualified, Chinese a plus. HKL4815 preferred. HKL4809

Shipping Litigation Real Estate Funds 2+ PQE Hong Kong 2+ PQE Hong Kong 2+ PQE Hong Kong This is a fantastic opportunity with a globally This UK law firm is seeking a junior corporate This eminent law firm seeks a common law recognised international law firm, seeking a lawyer for their Real Estate practice group. qualified funds associate to join their premier junior shipping litigator to work for a highly You will have experience in property practice. You will work for high profile clients regarded partner and act for household name work including hotel, transactional work on a variety of private investment funds. You clients including global insurers, P&I Clubs and and corporate real estate matters. Chinese will have solid experience in fund formation, commodity brokers. Mandarin skills a plus. skills are preferred but not essential. M&A or PE. Mandarin skills desirable but not HKL4823 HKL4812 essential. HKL4811

FCPA/ Litigation Capital Markets Corporate M&A/PE NQ-4 PQE Hong Kong 1-3 PQE Hong Kong 3+ PQE Hong Kong This notable US law firm is looking for an A fantastic opportunity for a lawyer to become Premier practice seeks a mid level associate individual with solid experience to join its elite part of this renowned practice with this UK looking for a broad mix of work. You will team in a collegiate environment. Experience law firm. Your work will include focusing on a work for highly regarded partners on a range in anti-bribery, regulatory investigations and range of IPO and innovative M&A transactions of complex M&A, PE and Capital Market criminal/civil litigation in highly valuable. on a global scale assisting an established transactions for premier clients in a rewarding Common law or US qualification with Mandarin partner. You will be admitted in a common law environment with manageable working hours. language preferred. HKL4808 jurisdiction. HKL4686 Mandarin essential. HKL4050

Banking & Finance Arbitration Corporate 3-5 PQE Hong Kong 5+ PQE Hong Kong 3-6 PQE Beijing Excellent opportunity for an associate to Stellar opportunity for a common law qualified This is an excellent opportunity for a PRC join a market leading practice. You will work mid-level lawyer to join this market leading, qualified corporate lawyer to join this on general banking and leveraged finance globally recognised arbitration practice of this international law firm with a truly collegiate matters for PE sponsors and corporate UK firm, as it continues to go from strength to and supportive environment. You will work borrowers and be exposed to lender side strength. You will work on a mix of litigation and with high profile individuals on cutting edge mandates with international investment complex and high profile arbitrations alongside a transactions and advising blue chip clients and banks. HKL4338 reputable partner in a regional practice. HKL4029 leading investment banks. HKL4829

This is a selection of our current vacancies; for more information in complete confidence, please call the Hong Kong office on +852 2503 2500 or email us at

[email protected] or [email protected] www.atticus-legal.com In-House Private Practice

M&A HONG KONG 5-12 YEARS REAL ESTATE HONG KONG 5-10 YEARS

International education provider is seeking a legal counsel for a 6 months International ﬁ rm in Hong Kong is looking for a PSL to support their contract role. You will have 5-12 years’ experience in M&A transactions leading real estate team. You will have at least 5+ PQE and have a solid as a lead counsel. You must have native level English with excellent understanding of the real estate practices. Prior PSL experience is useful communications skills. HKL6872 but not essential. HKL6889

FINANCE HONG KONG 4+ YEARS POWER/INFRASTRUCTURE HONG KONG 3-7 YEARS

Leading fi nancial institution seeks a lawyer with strong experience in fi nance A leading PRC fi rm in HK is looking for a mid-level energy & projects lawyer matters to advise & provide legal support to their securities brokerage and to join them, particularly those with power & infrastructure experience. Work asset management business lines. You will be qualifi ed in HK, E&W or the will include outbound investment & large scale power projects. You will be US. Fluency in English & Mandarin is essential. HKL6837 from an international fi rm. Chinese language skills not required. HKL6765

DCM HONG KONG 3-5 YEARS EMPLOYMENT HONG KONG 3-5 YEARS

A well-established European bank is looking for a DCM lawyer to join its International fi rm in Hong Kong seeks a mid-level employment associate to regional legal team. You should have 3-5 PQE in the DCM area either at a join its team. You should have 3-5 PQE together with excellent academics. top fi nancial institution or an international law fi rm. Overseas qualifi cation HK, Australia or E&W qualifi cation will be considered. Chinese language will also be considered. Mandarin is a must for this role. HKL6894 skills are preferred but not essential. HKL6833

EXECUTIVE TO THE CHAIRMAN HONG KONG 15+ YEARS RESTRUCTURING HONG KONG 1-7 YEARS

A private investment company seeks a senior lawyer to join as an Executive A top US fi rm is looking for a restructuring associate to join their leading to the Chairman. You will be a mature & reliable individual with confi dence, fi nance team in Hong Kong. You must be Hong Kong qualifi ed, and have strong communication skills & be able to work effectively with high net worth experience at an international or US fi rm. Chinese language skills are not individuals. Chinese language skills are not essential. HKL6888 required. HKL6875

COMMERCIAL HONG KONG 5-8 YEARS CORPORATE HONG KONG 2-5 YEARS

A HK based conglomerate is looking for a commercial lawyer. The global Top tier offshore fi rm is looking to add an associate to its corporate team. You business includes retail, outsourcing, manufacturing & distribution. You will should have prior experience at a reputable international fi rm, and have had have extensive commercial experience from a strong law fi rm/prior in-house strong experience in corporate fi nance and M&A matters. Commonwealth experience. Fluent Mandarin language skills are essential. HKL4301 qualifi cation & strong Chinese skills are essential. HKL6887

EQUITIES HONG KONG 4-8 YEARS COMPETITION HONG KONG 2+ YEARS

Bulge bracket bank seeks a VP for its equities team. In this role you will International ﬁ rm seeks a lawyer to join its expanding competition practice. deal with equities trading, OTC & listed/corporate derivatives & structured You will advise blue chip clients on a broad range of competition/anti-trust products. Prior in-house experience would be ideal. Chinese language skills matters. Regional work on offer. Solid competition law candidates from not needed.Top quality work & attractive remuneration on offer. HKL6638 overseas are welcome. Chinese language skills are essential. HKL6882

M&A/PE HONG KONG 4-7 YEARS M&A/PE HONG KONG 1-2 YEARS

Top tier investment bank seeks an addition to its legal team to focus on Top tier US fi rm seeks an associate for its corporate team. You should have its private funds investment work. You should ideally have top tier M&A/ gained training at top international fi rms, have solid M&A/PE transaction PE experience with another reputable bank or in private practice. Chinese experience, excellent academics, be HK qualifi ed & have business level language skills are essential. HKL6732 mandarin. Excellent work & client exposure on offer. HKL6826

This is a small selection of our current vacancies. Please refer to our website for a more comprehensive list of openings. Please contact Emily Lewis, [email protected] +852 2537 7408 or Karishma Khemaney, [email protected] +852 2537 0895 or Camilla Worthington, [email protected] +852 2537 7413 or email [email protected]

www.lewissanders.com Hong Kong • Singapore • Beijing • Shanghai Specialising in Legal, Financial Services, and Commerce Hong Kong • Singapore • Beijing • Shanghai Specialising in Legal, Financial Services, and Commerce Private Practice In-house CORPORATE FINANCE HONG KONG 1 – 3PQE CONSTRUCTION LAWYER HONG KONG 1-5 PQE International law firm seeks a junior corporate lawyer with Leading Construction Company has a vacancy for a junior construction M&A, IPO and general corporate experience. Candidates will lawyer. You will advise on contentious and non-contentious legal matters have trained with an international firm or a reputable firm in Asia. You should be a HK qualified lawyer with solid experience in with solid corporate experience. Mandarin is required. (HKL construction law gained in-house or in a law firm. Fluency in English 16037) and Cantonese required. Rare opportunity with a well-established construction company. (HKL 16097) PARTNERS HONG KONG 8PQE PLUS REGIONAL LEGAL COUNSEL HONG KONG 5-10 PQE Our client has ambitious growth plans and we are keen to speak A recognised global brand looking for a corporate counsel to support with partners within M&A, US Securities, and Construction development & operations and compliance matters for APAC. You will Litigation. Approved headcount, excellent opportunity for be involved in corporate and commercial matters including advising young or established partners to join and develop/grow their management and business units on compliance, management business in Asia. (HKL 16131) and service contracts, and participate in documentation related to transactional activity. Proficiency in spoken & written English and DISPUTE RESOLUTION HONG KONG NQ-3 PQE Chinese required. (HKL 16116) International US law firm is looking for junior litigators to join their dispute resolution practice. You will be working EMPLOYMENT HONG KONG 2-5 PQE with the world’s leading clients on matters ranging from MNC seeks an employment lawyer to join the well-established international commercial disputes, arbitration and regulatory regional legal team. You will be responsible for employment-related investigations. (HKL 15772) legal matters in APAC region and support M&A activity and related integration process. Great opportunity to join a MNC that offers very ASSET FINANCE HONG KONG 4-8 PQE collegiate, fun culture and flexible working environment. (HKL 16039) A top-tier firm seeks an asset finance lawyer to join their JUNIOR LEGAL COUNSEL HONG KONG NQ-3PQE well-established team. You should be qualified in a common law jurisdiction and possess solid experience in asset finance Global insurance company seeks a junior legal counsel to join the well- established legal team to support on a broad range of commercial gained from a reputable firm. Aviation finance experience is and corporate matters. Prior experience in insurance industry is not an advantage. (HKL 16134) required. Written and spoken Cantonese is a must. (HKL 15860) CORPORATE FINANCE HONG KONG 2-5 PQE GENERAL COUNSEL HONG KONG 10-15 PQE Our client is a top US law firm, looking to expand the team UK listed company with significant growth plans for APAC has by hiring an associate to manage a wide range of high profile headcount to appoint its first in-house counsel in HKG to support the transactions. Strong experience in IPO and M&A deals gained regional management team in APAC. Work will involve negotiating a from a well-regarded international firm is preferred. Mandarin range of commercial agreements and provide in-house advice. Great language skills essential. (HKL 15563) opportunity to support a dynamic & young executive team. (HKL 16089) CORPORATE M&A/PE HONG KONG 3+ PQE COMMERCIAL LAWYER HONG KONG 2-6 PQE Our client has a well-established, supportive corporate Global insurance company seeks a commercial lawyer to join the firm’s practice with a variety of corporate work on offer. As part well-established legal team to provide broad-base legal support to of their team, you will be able to work on innovative and business. Great opportunity to join a leading insurance business with high value M&A/PE transactions, regional and international. great culture. Prior experience in insurance industry not required. Mandarin language skills essential. (HKL 15446) A well-structured training will be provided for the right candidate. Fluency in English and Cantonese required. (HKL 15972) DCM AND FINANCE HONG KONG 2-5 PQE SENIOR LEGAL MANAGER HONG KONG 5PQE+ Our client is a top-tier law firm, looking to hire for their growing A well-known Real Estate development group seeks a mid to senior level team. Working with a market-leading and collegiate team of lawyer with corporate experience. Work will involve providing legal partners and associates, you will focus on DCM transactions advice on general corporate, M&A, joint venture, finance, commercial as well as other financing transactions. Strong debt capital and fund transaction. Prior experience from international law firms or markets experienced gained from an international law firm real estate industry will be an advantage. Excellent communication skills is highly preferred. Mandarin language skills essential. (HKL in both written & spoken English and Chineseww required.w.alsrecruit.com (HKL 16008) 16132) To apply, please send your updated resume to [email protected], or contact one of our Legal Consultants in Hongww Kong:w.alsrecruit.com ClaireTo apply, Park please send your updated Georgeannaresume to [email protected], Mok or contactKumiko one Lam of our Legal Consultants inWilliam Hong Kong: Chan Tel:Claire +852 Park 2920 9134 Tel:Georgeanna +852 2920 Mok 9101 Tel:Kumiko +852 Lam 2920 9125 Tel:William +852 Chan 2920 9105 Email: [email protected] Email:Tel: +852 c.park@als 2920 9134recruit.com Email:Tel: +852 g.mok@als 2920 9101recruit.com Email:Tel: +852 [email protected] 2920 9125 Tel: +852 2920 9105 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] LONDON | HONG KONG | SINGAPORE | NEW YORK I BERLIN

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