NASA CR-2001-210260 C" / " ," 2000 RESEARCH REPORTS NASA/ASEE SUMMER FACULTY FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM JOHN F. KENNEDY SPACE CENTER AND UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA =__ • CentralUniversity of Florida ,.j 2000 RESEARCH REPORTS NASA/ASEE SUMMER FACULTY FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM JOHN F. KENNEDY SPACE CENTER UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA EDITORS: Dr. E. Ramon Hosler, University Program Director Deparunem of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering University of Central Florida Mr. Gregg Buckingham, NASA/KSC Program Director University Programs Office John F. Kennedy Space Center NASA Grant No. NAG10-280 Contractor Report No. CR-2001-210260 November 2000 = PREFACE This document is a collection of technical reports on research conducted by the participants in the 2000 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program at the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC). This was the sixteenth year that a NASA/ASEE program has been conducted at KSC. The 2000 program was administered by the University of Central Florida (UCF) in cooperation with KSC. The program was operated under the auspices of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) and the Education Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. The KSC program was one of nine such Aeronautics and Space Research Programs funded by NASA Headquarters in 2000. The basic common objectives of the NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program are: ao To further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty members; b. To stimulate an exchange of ideas between teaching participants and employees of NASA; c° To enrich and refresh the research and teaching activities of participants institutions; and, d. To contribute to the research objectives of the NASA center. The KSC Faculty Fellows spent ten weeks (May 15 through July 21 or June 5 through August 11, 2000) working with NASA scientists and engineers on research of mutual interest to the university faculty member and the NASA colleague. The editors of this document were responsible for selecting appropriately qualified faculty to address some of the many research areas of current interest to NASA/KSC. A separate document reports on the administrative aspects of the 2000 program. The NASA/ASEE program is intended to be a two-year program to allow in-depth research by the university faculty member. In many cases a faculty member has developed a close working relationship with a particular NASA group that had provided funding beyond the two-year limit. V TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ° ALLEN, John 1 Developing a New Sampling and Analysis Method for Hydrazine and Monomethyl Hydrazine: Using a Derivatizing Agent with Solid Phase Microextraction. ANDRAWIS, Alfred S. 11 Utilization of KSC Present Broadband Communications Data System for Digital Video Services . CENTENO, Martha A. 21 Process Engineering Technology Center Initiative . COREY, Kenneth A. 31 Designing Extraterrestrial Plant Growth Habitats with Low Preasure Atmospheres . ERICKSON, Lance K. 41 Evaluating Education and Science at the KSC Visitor Complex . GURUVADOO, Eranna K. 53 PRMS Data Warehousing Prototype . HAMPTON, Michael D. 63 The Role of Water in the Storage of Hydrogen in Metals . HARALAMBOUS, Michael G. 73 Lyapunov-Based Sensor Failure Detection and Recovery for the Reverse Water Gas Shift Process . HEGAB, Hisham E. 85 Thermal Analysis of the NASA Integrated Vehicle Health Monitoring Experiment Technology for X-Vehicles (NITEX) 10. HEIDERSBACH, Robert H. 95 Corrosion Research and Web Site Activities 11. HOUSHANGI, Nasser 101 Extending the Capability of Mars Umbilical Technology Demonstrator iii 12. JENNINGS, Paul A. 113 Membrane Separation of Gases from the Martian Atmosphere 13. JOGLEKAR, Prafulla N. 121 Space Transportation Operations: Assessment of Methodologies and Models 14. KOZAITIS, Samuel P. 131 Space-based Encoded Telemetry for Range Safety 15. LATINO, Carl D. 141 Using Neutral Networks in Decision Malang for a Reconfigurable Electro Mechanical Actuator (EMA) 16. MANTOVANI, James G. 147 Evaluation of the Performance of the Mars Environmental Compatibility Assessment Electrometer 17. PARKINSON, Randall W. 157 Establishing a Geologic Baseline of Cape Canaveral's Natural Landscape: Black Point Drive 18. POZO DE FERNANDEZ, Maria E. 167 Control for NOx Emissions from Combustion Sources 19. RUSSELL, John M. 177 Outline of a Twenty-Five Year Plan for Development and Deployment of a Catapult for a Third Generation Space Shuttle 0° SCHMAHL, Karen E. 187 Evaluation of the NASA Quality Surveillance System Pilot in Meeting Requirements for Contractor Surveillance Under Performance Based Contracting 21. WITIW, Michael R. 197 Goes-Microburst Products Performance Analysis in the Cape Canaveral and Kennedy Space Center Areas iv 2000 NASA/ASEE SUMMER FACULTY FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM JOHN F. KENNEDY SPACE CENTER UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA DEVELOPING A NEW SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS METHOD FOR HYDRAZlNE AND MONOMETHYL HYDRAZINE: Using a Derivatizing Agent with Solid Phase Microextraction Dr. John Allen Instructor of Chemistry Southeastern Louisiana University Rebecca Young KSC Colleague ABSTRACT Solid phase microextraction (SPME) will be used to develop a method for detecting monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) and hydrazine (Hz). A derivatizing agent, pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFBCI), is known to react readily with MMH and Hz. The SPME fiber can either be coated with PFBCI and introduced into a gaseous stream containing MMH, or PFBCI and MMH can react first in a syringe barrel and after a short equilibration period a SPME is used to sample the resulting solution. These methods were optimized and compared. Because Hz and MMH can degrade the SPME, letting the reaction occur first gave better results. Only MMH could be detected using either of these methods. Future research will concentrate on constructing calibration curves and determining the detection limit. 1. Introduction Fueling rockets and the space shuttle constitutes more dangers than just the threat of the fuel igniting. The fuel itself may be toxic as in the case of hypergols. Hypergols can contain hydrazine, N2H4, or more commonly monomethyi hydrazine, CH3N2H3. Hypergols are used in the thrusters of single use rockets, solid rocket boosters of the space shuttle, and in the space shuttle orbiter. Both fuels cause acute poisoning and are known to be carcinogens in addition to being corrosive 1.2. In addition, both are gases that can easily make large areas dangerous to the health of people working near the region. Therefore great care must be exercised when using hypergols containing hydrazine or its analogs. Due to its reactivity and toxicity, development of simple, fast, accurate methods of monitoring monomethyl hydrazine and hydrazine are necessary. There have been several different methods used for detecting hydrazine and monomethyl hydrazine such as reacting hydrazine or its analogs directly with acetone, and analyzed the resultant product by the means of gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy instrumentation 3. Many of these methods must be first standardized with a known concentration of analyte. In order to accomplish the analysis there must be a method to standardized the known concentration of analyte, which is simple, accurate, and reproducible. The standard method for analyzing monomethyl hydrazine and hydrazine is a coulometric titration involving scrubbing with sulfuric acid. The coulometric titration is very accurate, but complicated and time consuming. The scrubbing at low vapor concentrations may take several hours. One possible new method to resolve the problem, involves reacting hydrazine or monomethyl hydrazine with a derivatizing agent in a sealed container such as a syringe and introducing the sample with solid phase microextraction (SPME) into a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) for determination. Another method involves coating the SPME with the derivatizing agent, inserting the SPME into the sample stream for a set length of time to allow the derivatizing agent to react with any analyte, and then injecting the SPME into the injection port of the GC/MS. While coating the SPME with the derivatizing agent has the positive characteristic of being simpler, it does expose the SPME to the corrosive effect of the analyte gas stream. These two methods will be optimized and analyzed in regard to simplicity, time, reproducibility, and practicality. Problems will be investigated and solved if possible. Finally recommendations on the ability of using this method as compared to the standard method will be made. An advantage of SPME is that no solvent is used to introduce the sample into the injection port, which simplifies the method and reduces the chances of errors being introduced into the analysis. Both methods involving the use of SPME could decrease sampling time if the reaction with the derivatizing agent is fast or the equilibrium constant is large 4. Also fewer solutions and wet chemistry is involved compared to the coulometric titration, since the only solution or chemical needed is the derivatizing agent. 2 The derivatizing agent selected in this case is pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFBCI), which has been used with hydrazine(Hz) and monomethyl hydrazine(MMH) in headspace sampling using a GC/MS for the determination of pesticides in apple juice s. Pentafluorobenzoyl chloride reacts quickly with monomethyl hydrazine and hydrazine forming several different derivatives. In the equations below, hydrazine is most likely to form hz-PFB(tetras) and monomethyl hydrazine may react