USDAUSDA ForestForest ServiceService NationalNational SeedSeed LaboratoryLaboratory
www.nsl.fs.fed.us SeedSeed ConditioningConditioning ofof UnderstoryUnderstory ForbsForbs inin thethe LongleafLongleaf PinePine EcosystemEcosystem
Jill Barbour, [email protected] Jeff Glitzenstein, [email protected]
2007 Wildflower Symposium, Orlando Florida Ground Layer Plants Project
PartnerPartner withwith USUS FishFish && WildlifeWildlife (Jim(Jim Bates)Bates) groundground layerlayer plantsplants Alabama,Alabama, Georgia,Georgia, SouthSouth CarolinaCarolina SeedSeed collectioncollection (2005,(2005, 2006)2006) SeedSeed cleaningcleaning (2006,(2006, 2007)2007) LaboratoryLaboratory andand nurserynursery germinationgermination NurseryNursery propagationpropagation OutplantingOutplanting 26 Genera of Forbs Ageratina Lespedeza Amsonia Liatris Aster Manfreda Baptisia Melanthera Chamaecrista Mimosa Chrysopsis Pityopsis Coreopsis Polygonella Desmodium Silphium Erythrina Solidago Eupatorium Tephrosia Galactia Tetragonotheca Helianthus Vernonia Heliopsis Uniola Flow chart of seed conditioning
Remove seed from in fluorescent First step First step with brush machine
Second step Aspirate Or Use blowers
Remove sticks with screens or indent cylinder Third step
Remove lighter weight material with blowers Fourth step or specific gravity table
Hand pick out debris for small lots Fifth step
Sixth step Prepare sample for seed testing and storage Brush machine to extract seed from fruits Conditioning Equipment
Brush machine Screens Aspirator
Indent cylinder Scarifier Stultz General Blower 32% 32% , tickseed Seed coming out chute er 12% er 12% Gravity table Germination Upper Low After cleaning 27% Gravity table Germination Upper Low After cleaning 27%
Coreopsis major Aspirating seed 33.0 33.0 24.0 16.0 24.0 16.0 %Germ %Germ Chute end Chute end Rd.) Rd.) Echaw Echaw ( ( white thoroughwort Hand clean Hand clean Treatment Chute, indent 12/64” 23.0 Hand clean 21 day count on machine cleaning 21 day count on machine Chute, top Stultz Bottom, bottom Stultz Chute, indent 12/64” 23.0 Hand clean 21 day count on machine cleaning 21 day count on machine Chute, top Stultz Bottom, bottom Stultz Treatment Flower Flower Bottom brush Eupatorium album , Bottom brush e cleaning e cleaning n n 7.0% 17.0% 48.0% 7.0% 17.0% 48.0% , purpledisk No clean Chute end Bottom 16 day count on machi 16 day count on machi No clean Chute end Bottom
Helianthus atrorubens sunflower 0.0% 0.0% , southern jointweed Tetrazolium 55.0% Germination 2.0% Nursery Tetrazolium 55.0% Germination 2.0% Nursery
Polygonella americana strat strat 20.5% 29.5% 20.5% 29.5% ) 78.5% 1.5% 1.5% unstrat unstrat , tall ironweed Brush, Stultz Location Echaw FMNF 11/1/06 9.0% FMNF 11/29/06 15.0% 26.0% FMNF ( Location Echaw FMNF 11/1/06 9.0% FMNF (Brush, Stultz) 78.5% FMNF 11/29/06 15.0% 26.0%
Vernonia angustifolia 93% 78% 96% 97% 93% 78% 96% 97% 100% 100% ) ) unnicked unnicked ( (nicked) ( (nicked) run run st nd nd st nd nd , coral bean Forsberg Forsberg (clip) Brush 1 Brush 2 Brush 2 Forsberg Forsberg (clip) Brush 1 Brush 2 Brush 2
Erythrina herbacea Lespedeza capitata
TypeType %% DormantDormant CoveredCovered 14%14% 8080 GreenGreen 44%44% 4444 BrownBrown 32%32% 2424 0 0 60 19 32 60 19 32 , hairy lespedeza Type % Dormant Brown, sunk 39 Brown, float 26 Green, sunk 20 Green, float 33 Type % Dormant Brown, sunk 39 Brown, float 26 Green, sunk 20 Green, float 33
Lespedeza hirta 55% 55% , Goat’s Rue Hand cleaned 54% Forsberg Brush machine 65% Hand cleaned 54% Forsberg Brush machine 65%
Tephrosia virginiana 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 88.0% 88.0% stratified 0.0% stratified 0.0% unstratified unstratified Tetrazolium Germination: Nursery Tetrazolium Germination: Nursery
Tetragonotheca helianthoides 1.27 19.0 17.0 bottom 32.0 chute end 1.27 19.0 17.0 bottom 32.0 chute end , sea oats %Germination %Germination s s e e h h medium medium paniculata
Uniola Mantle Brus 16 square wire soft 16 light wire medium 16 light wire medium 10 square wire 16 square wire soft 16 light wire medium 16 light wire medium 10 square wire Mantle Brus American Tree Seedling Nursery Ground layer plant nursery germination Nursery and Laboratory Germination Results Species Nursery % Lab % Comments Comments germ germ 2005 seed collections
Aster linariifolius 41 30 2007 Aster tortifolius 0( 2006) 27;20 No prechill; 28 day prechill 91 (2007) 41 (2007) Winter sowing
Baptisia lanceolata 2 6 Brown 61%61% dormant 11 Green 73%73% dormant Chrysopsis gossypina 1 23 40% after cleaning
Chrysopsis mariana 74 59 Coreopsis major 9 32 upper 12% lower 27%27% after cleaning Desmodium spp. 12 33 Brown 22 Green Eupatorium album 0 4 40% dormant Echaw Rd. 28(2007) 19% cleaned 18 day count Helianthus atrobuens 32 7 2007 Liatris graminifolia 14 54 2007 Liatris secunda 3 62 Before cleaning 17%17% after cleaning Mimosa quadrivalvis 23 14
Pityopsis graminifolia 0 2(2(2006)2006) FMNF 84 (2007) Tephrosia virginiana 28 25 Vernonia angustifolia 2 4 After cleanniing Lab and Nursery Germination 2006
95 90 91 85 80 75 74 70 65 on 62 i 60 59 55
nat 50 i 45 m 40 41 35 er 32 33 32 30 28 G 25 25 23
% 20 17 15 14 12 10 9 6 7 5 4 4 2 33 2 2 0 0 0
r a s is s a s a a e i i m re ter i t is um u hu os ni t ps ps i i fo af osi As o o e m ops no p s e od or s i y r y r iant b M t phr e Ba r m is tri s pat el r a Pi V Co e H Te Ch D Eu at Li Li
Nursery germ Lab germ Percentage of Filled Cells in Nursery (2007 seed)
99 99 99 95 95 89 91.1 90
49.3
29.3 30 24.7 10.2 3.4 2.2 Solidago Agertina Pityopsis Heliopsis Vernonia Vernonia Coreopsis Chrysopsis Helianthus Eupatorium Eupatorium L. squarrosa A. tortifolius A. Aster concolor A. linariifolius linariifolius A. L. graminifolia graminifolia L. Liatris elegans elegans Liatris
Species Conclusions
UseUse aa softersofter mantlemantle inin brushbrush machinemachine forfor LiatrisLiatris andand otherother speciesspecies AsteraceaeAsteraceae familyfamily difficultdifficult toto cleanclean-- brushbrush machinemachine createscreates muchmuch debrisdebris LegumesLegumes cleanclean easilyeasily inin brushbrush machinemachine andand ForsbergForsberg scarifierscarifier VernoniaVernonia angustifoliaangustifolia seedseed benefitsbenefits fromfrom prechillingprechilling InsectInsect predationpredation detrimentaldetrimental toto germinationgermination (2007(2007 seedseed betterbetter thanthan 2006)2006) ExpensiveExpensive toto obtainobtain puritypurity overover 90%90% GrassesGrasses easyeasy toto cleanclean withwith brushbrush machinemachine Future of project
CollectCollect moremore seedseed butbut fromfrom fewerfewer plantsplants FineFine tunetune thethe conditioningconditioning processprocess DetermineDetermine prechillingprechilling andand germinationgermination temperaturestemperatures NeedNeed storagestorage informationinformation MonitorMonitor nurserynursery propagationpropagation MonitorMonitor seedlingsseedlings inin thethe fieldfield CreateCreate seedseed productionproduction areasareas PublishPublish results,results, createcreate seedseed cleaningcleaning manualmanual