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53 Journal of Recreation and Landscape 9(1) 53-64 A Scenery Preparation Situation and Improvement Plan of Indoor Gardening in Subway Stations - Comparison with Seoul Metropolitan Area and Other Metropolitan City Junhyuck Yoon*ㆍHyeoncheol Shin*ㆍSumin Choi*ㆍJaesung Yun**ㆍKyoungok Choi*** *Southern Forest Research Center, Korea Forest Research Institute **Dept. of Visual Information Design, Chonnam National University ***Dept. of Horticulture, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology ABSTRACT This study examined the preparations carried out to establish indoor garden areas in Seoul metropoli- tan subway stations and in 5 other metropolitan cities subway stations in order to present findings on how these preparations might be improved. The preparation ratio for indoor garden areas among Seoul metropolitan subway stations was 6.9%, 38 places, and the ratio overall for 5 metropolitan cities was 21.6%, 54 places. Among the 5 metro- politan cities, the ratio was 26.7% in Busan metropolitan city, 20.0% in Gwangju metropolitan city, 11.6% in Daegu metropolitan city, 18.2% in Daejeon metropolitan city, and 10.3% in Incheon metro- politan city. With regard to the results comparing the decoration ratio with natural flowers and artifi- cial flowers among the prepared stations with indoor gardens, in the case of Seoul metropolitan area, places decorated with natural flowers numbered 23, and the ratio was 60.5%, but, in case of the 5 metropolitan cities, places decorated with natural flowers numbered just 6, and the ratio was just 11.1%. In the case of garden ornaments as material introduced in Seoul metropolitan area subway sta- tions decorated with natural flowers and the 5 metropolitan cities subway stations, one to three kinds of ornament were introduced per each place, and the ornament items included rocks, garden lanterns, ponds, stone mortars, stone lamps, fountains, sculptures, mini water mills, and windmills. The in- troduced trees at subway stations in Korea that were decorated with natural flowers included 93 spe- cies of 70 genera of 45 families. The introduced trees included 87 species of 67 genera of 42 families in Seoul metropolitan area subway stations, and the introduced trees included 28 species of 16 genera of 11 families in the 5 metropolitan cities subway stations. Native trees included 21 species of 20 genera of 17 families. As for scenery formation elements according to the height of trees, in the case of Seoul metropolitan area, the introduced trees included 22 species of upper trees, 15 species of mid- dle trees, and 46 species of lower trees. In the case of the 5 metropolitan cities, the introduced trees included 1 species of upper trees, 5 species of middle trees, and 18 species of lower trees. Therefore, volume and visual diversity in Seoul metropolitan area was provided by the height and bulk of trees, but the volume of scenery and diversity in the 5 metropolitan cities was insufficient. In the case of Seoul metropolitan area, using indoor garden spaces is necessary to connect with mini libraries, rest- ing spaces, and snack bars, and various using types are necessary. In the case of the 5 metropolitan cities, only the visual image was provided, and therefore an activation plan for using spaces is necessary. Keywords Subway Station, Indoor Garden, Indoor Plants 1. Introduction because they are generally located in underground 1) spaces. In Korea, the first subway, Line 1, was Subway stations are an important traffic space opened from Suwon to Cheongnyangni on August used by the public, and they are also spaces were 15, 1970. Seoul metropolitan area subways operates large concentrations of people form. These places 9 subway lines; in addition, the Gyeongui Line, need to be maintained in a clean and safe manner Airport Railroad, Bundang Line, Shin Bundan Line, Jungang Line, and Gyeongchun Line are also Corresponding author : Kyoungok Choi operated. Tel: +82-55-751-3256, E-mail: [email protected] Subway stations are located at key traffic points in This study was performed by supporting of 2013 school Seoul metropolitan area, and the subway was the Supporting Association of Gyoungnam National University of preferred means for easing traffic congestion in Science and Technology. 54 J. Yoon, H. Shin, S. Choi, J. Yun, K. Choi / Journal of Recreation and Landscape 9(1) 53-64 Seoul and other metropolitan cities, and subway sta- using an illuminometer (Topcon, IM-1), and the tions connecting the center of metropolitan down- average value was calculated. town areas were opened. With regard to the opening As for research on vegetation items, all introduced of subway lines in the 5 metropolitan cities, Line 1 trees were classified into native plants, exotic plants, of Busan subway system was opened in 1985, and foliage plants, and flowering plants. Considering the Line l of Daegu subway system was opened in 1997. role and the height of trees, the introduced trees Line 1 of Incheon subway system was opened from were classified into upper trees, middle trees, and Bakchon to Dongmak as the 1st stage in 1997, and lower trees. the service area was expanded to Gyulhyeon station With the collected data an analysis of frequence in December, 1997. After 2002, Line 2 of Daegu was performed by using the statistical program of subway system, and Line 3 of Busan subway system SAS Ver. 6.12(SAS Institute Inc., 1996). were opened, and also Gwangju subway, and Daejeon subway were opened. As subway stations are central traffic spaces, safe, clean and pleasant en- 3. Results and Discussions vironmental conditions must be maintained. Subway stations are at the center of the public 3.1 The Present State of the Introduction and transportation system that was developed to cope Decoration of Indoor Gardening areas in with rapid urbanization, and they have various func- Seoul Metropolitan Area Subway Stations tions in additions to being transportation nodes. and Other Metropolitan City Subway Stations Accordingly, they need to be enhanced so that they are pleasant places to move through and use. According to Table 1, in the case of Seoul Especially, the roles and importance of subway Metropolitan Area Stations, the preparation rate of stations have increased in terms of their social, cul- indoor gardening areas was 6.9%, and the number of tural and transportation value (Kim and Han, 2007). stations was 38 stations out of 547 stations from This study examined the preparations being carried Line 1 to Line 9, Gyeongui Line, Airport Railroad, out install indoor garden areas in subway stations in Bundang Line, Shin Bundang Line, Jungang Line, Seoul and 5 metropolitan cities. This study was per- and Gyeongchun Line. formed in order to gather basic data that will be use- The number of stations that had been decorated ful in formulating an efficient improvement plan. with natural flowers among the 38 stations was 23 including Yongsan, Cheongnyangni, Yeoksam, Ahyeon, Daerim, Gupabal, Garak Market, Yeouido, 2. Research Methods Gwanghwamun, Janghanpyeong, Bucheon Stadium, Chunui, Sinjungdong, Jangji, Heukseok, Geum- ryeung, Ilsan, Seoul Station, Incheon int'l Airport The research subject of this study was 547 places Cargo Terminal, Guseong, Giheung, and Cheong- in the Seoul metropolitan area subway system and gyesan. The preparation rate with natural flowers 250 places in the subway systems of 5 other metro- was 60.5%. politan cities. We visited all places, and examined The number of stations decorated with artificial the situation regarding the preparation of indoor gar- flowers was 15 including Baekun, Bucheon, Gaebong, den areas by subway line. Shincheon, Nokbeon, Hongje, Gyeongbokgung, Chung- The research period was from September 10, 2013 muro, Geumho, Oksu, Jamwon, Dogok, Pyeongchon, to September 27, 2014, and our research team vis- Korea University, Seohyeon. The preparation rate with ited all places of each subway line, researched all artificial flowers was 39.5%. The study showed that areas from the 3rd basement to the 1st floor of each the rate for natural flowers was 21.1% higher than subway station, and looked at the preparation sit- for artificial flowers. uation regarding indoor gardens. According to Table 2, the total number of subway We checked up on the preparation situation for stations in the 5 metropolitan cities in Korea is 250, each subway line, the preparation place, the in- and 54 stations out of the 250 had been prepared in- stallation of garden-type or placement of flowerpots, door gardening spaces. this is a rate of 21.6%. 6 sta- or green-wall-type, the scenery type of oriental-style tions were prepared using natural flowers, and 48 or western-style type, the movable form, the using stations were prepared using artificial flowers. The type of resting-type or appreciation-type, and the preparation rate for natural flowers was 11.1%, and physical environment items of ceiling height, size of the rate for artificial flowers was 88.9%. indoor garden, flooring, lighting & illumination, The order of the preparation rate for indoor gar- closing material of planter, size of planter, in- dening spaces in the 5 metropolitan city subway sta- troduced facility and garden ornaments, and soil. tions was Busan Metropolitan City, Gwangju Metro- The illumination was measured 5 times or more by J. Yoon, H. Shin, S. Choi, J. Yun, K. Choi / Journal of Recreation and Landscape 9(1) 53-64 55 Table 1. The Present State of the Introduction and Decoration of Indoor Garden Spaces in Seoul Metropolitan Area Subway Stations Line No. Total stations Prepared stations Decoration by natural flower Decoration by artificial flower Line 1 98 5 Yongsan, Cheongnyangni Baekun, Bucheon, Gaebong Line 2 51 4 Yeoksam, Ahyeon, Daerim Shincheon Nokbeon, Hongje, Gyeongbokgung, Gupabal, Muakjae Line 3 43 11 Chungmuro, Geumho, Oksu, Jamwon, Garak Market Dogok Line 4 57 1 - Pyeongchon Yeouido, Gwanghwamun, Line 5 51 3 - Janghanpyeong Line 6 38 1 - Korea Univ.

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