ISSN Print:2686-5092 ISSN Online:2685-3663 Vol. 2,Issue 1, 2020, pp.31-37 Received 2020-06-20 http://ijthrs.ppj.unp.ac.id International Journal of Tourism, Heritage and Recreation Sport CCSemail:, Vol.xo.x, [email protected] July xxxx, p. 1~5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS FOR STREET VENDORS TOUR IN PAYAKUMBUH CITY

Fitriana Syahar1, Ririn Aurelia N2, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri , Sumatera Barat, [email protected]

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk :Menganalisis lokasi alternatif pedagang kaki lima bagi pembeli menggunakan metode breaking Point. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder yang didapat melalui observasi, wawancara, kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Responden penelitian ini adalah 75 orang pedagang kaki lima yang berada di Jalan soekarno-Hatta sampai Jalan Jendral Sudirman pasar Payakumbuh. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisa data menggunakan metode Breaking Point. Penelitian ini menemukan: Lokasi alternatif pedagang kaki lima untuk pembeli yang berasal dari Kota berjarak 45 km dari lokasi pedagang, lokasi alternatif pedagang kaki lima di lihat dari Jarak titik henti pembeli yang berasal dari 7 km, dan lokasi alternatif pedgang kaki lima dilihat dari jarak titik henti pembeli yang berasal dari berjarak 6 km dari lokasi pedagang kaki lima.

Kata Kunci : Pedagang Kaki Lima, Wisata Kuliner, Breaking Point This study aims to: Analyze the alternative locations of street vendors for buyers using the breaking point method. This type of research is descriptive with a quantitative approach using primary data and secondary data obtained through observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Respondents of this study were 75 street vendors who were on Jalan Soekarno-Hatta to Jalan Jendral Sudirman, Payakumbuh market. The data analysis technique used is the data analysis technique using the Breaking Point method. This study found: The alternative location of street vendors for buyers originating from Pekanbaru City is 45 km from the merchant's location, the alternative location of street vendors is seen from the distance of the stopping points for buyers from Bukittinggi 7 km, and alternative locations for street vendors as seen from the stopping point distance of buyers originating from Batusangkar is 6 km from the location of the street vendors.

Keywords : Street Vendors, Culinary Tour, Breaking poin

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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INTRODUCTION small. The community and industry and even tourism entrepreneurs, both of them inevitably Location is a fixed place or location have to go hand in hand in creating good where everyone can visit to shop, the place is conditions in the development of the national a shopping area or a bark stand or counter tourism industry. The development of the tourism inside or outside the building. Strategic industry has undergone changes, both changes in location influences a person to create a desire the pattern, form and nature of activities, to make a purchase because of its strategic encouragement of people to travel, ways of location, located in the flow of business, and thinking, as well as the nature and development so on. The choice of business location can of tourism itself Culinary tourism according to be considered as an investment decision that Suryadana in Edy (2015) tourism that provides has strategic objectives, for example, to service facilities and culinary activities to meet the facilitate access to customers. Determining a needs of tourists built for recreation, relaxation, location for each business is an important education and health. According to Minta task for business owners, as wrong decisions Harsana in Wiwin 2014 (2008), culinary tourism is can result in failure before the business starts. a travel activity or part of activities carried out voluntarily and temporarily to enjoy food or drinks Bromley (in Manning and Effendi, typical of a region. This can also be interpreted 1996) Street vendors in choosing a location that the activities of humans who travel to the for their business activities will always try to destination of a place to obtain or enjoy special approach the market or buyers. Business food or drinks actors try to make the goods or services sold that can only be found in that area. are visible to buyers. Therefore, they will choose strategic and profitable locations in the city center or in a location that is the One of the tourism industries is location of community activities. So that we experiencing a very rapid development, can find the presence of street vendors namely in the field of culinary tourism, related around the location of trade, education, office to food and beverages. . Tourists come to an and other social activities. Street vendors area to look for or hunt for regional specialties according to Anggraini (2015) traders who and do not hesitate to pay a fortune to enjoy a conduct non-formal trading businesses use traditional dish of an area. Over time, the open land or closed land, some public people's lifestyle is not only to fill the facilities determined by the government the stomach, but also to find the atmosphere and area as a place of business activities either service from the food ordered. Many new using mobile equipment or loading and restaurants and dining establishments have unloading equipment according to a their own unique qualifications and predetermined time. characteristics. Various offerings are offered ranging from traditional regional specialties to According to research found by modern fast food. Apart from enjoying Soedjana (1981), what is meant by street culinary delights in restaurants and vendors is a group of people who offer goods restaurants, tourists are also interested in and services for sale on the sidewalk or buying food from street vendors in an area. roadside, around shopping centers / or shops, One of them is the Soekarno-Hatta road to entertainment recreation centers, office the Jendral Sudirman street, Payakumbuh centers and educational centers. whether it is City, Payakumbuh City, the entrance and exit permanent or non-permanent, has an gate to Province. Its strategic location informal or semi-official status and is carried will cause the trade and service sector to out either in the morning, afternoon, evening develop very rapidly in Payakumbuh City. or evening. One of the characteristics of Payakumbuh City is having an area in the center of According to Darmadjati in Fajri (2010), Payakumbuh City where there are many tourism has grown rapidly and a very large street food and beverage traders at night. phenomenon has occurred involving many people, both in the community, the tourism The types of merchandise sold by street industry and the government, at a cost that is not vendors selling along Jalan Soekarno-Hatta, Jendral Sudirman in Payakmbuh City at night 32

International Journal of Tourism, Haritage and Recreation Sport, June., 2020, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp.31-37 are food and drinks that have been cooked and served on the spot or taken home. Street In Payakumbuh City Regulation No. vendors at night in Payakumbuh choose to 09/2010 Article 6 concerning street vendors sell along the road because it makes it easier and / or night traders states that: "The trade for the relationship between street vendors show starts at 16.00 WIB and ends at 05.00 andto occur. Its strategic location is on the WIB, the entire location is cleared of trading edge of the main transportation route from the equipment, tents, carts, and other trading direction of Bukittinggi to Pekanbaru. This has equipment" . But in fact, even though the more or less influenced the visitor intentions government has issued a regulation allowing of the street vendors. Although generally have street vendors to sell from late afternoon to the same types of merchandise in the form of early morning, this can cause new problems. food and beverages, visitors can choose to The narrow road conditions and along the eat which they think is delicious and the price is right in the pocket, which is why street road which are filled with street vendors can vendors in Payakumbuh are visited from create congestion along the road. Not only various regions such as Pekanbaru, does it obstruct traffic, the parking lot which is Bukittinggi, Batusanggakar etc. The form of not too large will also disturb other motorists facilities owned by street vendors selling food and drinks on Jalan Soekarno-Hatta, Jalan Based on the above case, it is necessary to Jendral Sudirman is generally in the form of have an alternative location for street vendors to carts arranged in rows equipped with tables make it easier for buyers, especially from outside and long benches. Usually street vendors with the City of Payakumbuh to shop without disturbing roads and public spaces. Therefore the this means have a roof made of tarpaulin or authors are interested in researching about " plastic which is not transparent. Usually street Analysis of Alternative Locations for Street vendors who have this kind of facility are Culinary Tourism in Payakumbuh City ". categorized as resident street vendors.

RESEARCH METHOD dig from information sources (informants) and from field notes relevant to the problem under Research used is descriptive quantitative study. The types of data used in this study are using primary data and secondary data obtained primary data and secondary data. Primary through observation, interviews, questionnaires data is data obtained directly by means of and documentation. The research was conducted Primary data obtained by interview and in May 2020. This research was conducted along questionnaire data collection techniques on Jalan Soekarno-Hatta (starting from the side of street vendor respondents. Secondary data is the gas station in front of Minang Asli Parit obtained from finding the actual facts as a Rantang to Simpang Benteng / Jln Jendral result of in-depth interviews that have been Sudirman) Payakumbuh market. With a distance carried out or checking back existing data of 750 M or 0.75 Km with a travel time of 10 obtained by collecting complementary documents obtained from various sources. minutes walking.

Takes guidelines from Suharismi Arikunto (1990), that if the subject is less than 100 people, The data analysis technique used in this study it is better if all of them are taken so that the was Breaking Point. Through this technique, all research is a population study. If the number is the facts obtained from the field will be described. large from 100 people taken between 10-15%, 20- With the Breaking Points method formula, where 25% or more. Based on these guidelines the the population is larger divided by the number of researchers took all the street vendors along Jln. residents of the city that is less populated. Soekarno Hatta until Jln. Jendral Sudirman as research respondents were 75 food and beverage 푑푎푏 푑푎푏 퐷퐴퐵 = 퐷퐴퐵 = traders. Data were taken through interviews with 푃 푃 1 + √ 퐵 1 + √ 퐵 street vendors as a sample. 푃퐴 푃퐴

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Description: DBA : Distance of the stop point location measured from location B DAB : Distance of the stop point location as PA : Total population at location APB : measured from location A Total population at location B

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION be determined by dividing the distance from the stop point location which is measured by Analyzing Alternative Locations for street the total population of buyers in the two culinary tours using the Breaking Point areas. From the calculation using the method. breaking point formula, the results of the point of buyers from Pekanbaru, Bukittinggi and Determining alternative locations for culinary Batusangkar are obtained. Then the distance merchants by determining buyers from each between these areas can be seen in tables 18 region of origin of buyers with the number of and 19. buyers in Payakumbuh City per year. There are 3 areas of origin for the most buyers of culinary traders in Payakumbuh, namely Pekanbaru City, Table.18 Distance between regions Bukittinggi City and Batusangkar. Region Name Distance To determine the stopping point for buyers from outside the City of Payakumbuh using 1.Payakmbu–Pekanbaru 187 Km data analysis techniques Breaking Point or stop point. Breaking Point Theory is a 2.Payakumbuh-Bukittinggi 32 Km modified version of Reilly's Gravity Model. 3.Payakumbuh- 34 Km Where this theory provides an overview of the approximate position of the boundary line Batusangkar separating the trading areas of two cities or Source : https:maps.google.com regions with different numbers and composition of population. Breaking Point Theory can also be used in estimating the placement of industrial locations or Table.19 Number of buyers community service centers. The placement is the number of carried out between two areas with different Area population numbers so that it is accessible to buyers per year residents of each region. 1.Pekanbaru 350 Buyers 2.Bukittinggi 300 Buyers The Breaking Point Theory can be defined as the distance of the stop point (split point) 3.Batusangkar 150 Buyers from the location of a trading center (or other social service) which is smaller in size is Source : interview respondents directly proportional to the distance between To determine alternative locations and the two trading centers. However, it is stopping points for buyers originating in inversely proportional to one plus the square Pekanbaru, Bukitinggi, Batusangkar, the writer root of the population of a city or region with a larger population divided by the number of uses a formula breaking point. From the formula, residents of a city with a smaller population. the writer can determine the point by dividing the Like the formula below distance to the measured point location by the total population of buyers in the two areas. 푑푎푏 퐷퐴퐵 = 푃 1 + √ 퐵 푃퐴 1. Payakumbuh – Pekanbaru From the formula, the stopping point can 34

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187 Area Breaking Point 퐷퐴퐵 = 퐷퐴퐵 3.406 1 + √ 350 1.Payakumbh – 45 Km 187 Pekanbaru = 1 + √9,731 2.Payakumbuh – 7 Km = 45 Km Bukittinggi

3.Payakumbuh- 6 Km 2. Payakumbuh – Bukittinggi 32 Batusangkar 퐷퐴퐵 = 퐷퐴퐵 3.406 1 + √ Source : Author's Analysis 300 32 = 1 + √11,353 From the table above the authors conclude that the alternative location for street vendors for = 7 Km buyers originating from Pekanbaru City is 45 km from the center of street vendors, namely Payakumbuh Market. Where the distance is 3. Payakumbuh – Batusanggakar measured from the hometown (Payakumbuh). 34 This also makes it easier for buyers who come 퐷퐴퐵 = 퐷퐴퐵 from Pekanbaru City so that they are not too far 3.406 1 + √ 150 away to reach street vendors to the city center. The alternative location for street vendors for 34 buyers from Bukittinggi is 7 km from the location = 1 + √22,706 of the ima street vendors. So at a distance of 7 Km it can be used as an alternative location for = 6 Km street vendors for buyers from Bukittinggi City to From the calculation using the breaking point make it easier for buyers to shop not too far and formula, the results of the alternative locations of takes a long time. As for the alternative location of street vendors for buyers shopping from street vendors or buyer points from Pekanbaru, Batusanggkar, it is 6 Km from the research Bukitiingi, and Batusanggkar City are obtained in location. table 20.

After obtaining the alternative location distance or stopping point for buyers from outside the Payakumbuh City area, the author makes it in the form of a map to make it easier to show the Table.20 Breaking Point distance buyer's stopping point can be seen in Figure 1.

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Figure 1 : Map of Breaking Point Street Vendors

CONCLUSION the City of Bukittinggi can get closer to the location of the street vendors. As for the An alternative location for street culinary tourism alternative location for street vendors whose uses the Breaking Point method. buyers come from Batusangkar, it is 6 km from the Payakumbuh Market. Breaking Point Theory is a modification of Reilly's gravitational model. This theory describes The alternative location for street culinary the approximate boundary lines of the trading tourism using the breaking point method, the areas of two cities or regions that differ in number author produces the results in the form of a map. and population. Based on the results of the research that has been described, it is recommended that the city Based on the respective data and analysis, government or related agencies pay attention to there are three buyer points from Pekanbaru, the facilities that support the activities of street Bukittinggi, and Batusangkar. The stopping point vendors so that consumers or buyers are for traders originating from Pekanbaru is 45 km comfortable shopping at street vendors. from the street vendor center at the Payakumbuh market. And the alternative location of street Based on the results of the research that has vendors is also 45 km from the research location. been described, it is recommended that the city An alternative location for street vendors for government or related agencies pay attention to buyers originating from Bukitiinggi is 7 km from the facilities that support the activities of street the current merchant location, namely the vendors so that consumers or buyers are Payakumbuh market. So buyers who come from comfortable shopping at street vendors.

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