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Geology of the St. John's Area

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Geology of the St. John's Area For Table of Contents Click Here Accompanying Map 90-120 (digital version, 2002; 18 mb) can be viewed by clicking here Printed copies of this map are available from the Geological Survey of Newfoundland & Labrador Cover Aerial view, looking east, of the St. John’s city area, showing the harbour, the Narrows and Signal Hill in the background. (Photograph courtesy of Jack Martin, Memorial University of Newfoundland) This report is dedicated to Werner Brucker and Stephen Papezik for many memorable field excursions. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BRANCH DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND ENERGY GOVERNMENT OF NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR GEOLOGY OF THE ST. JOHN’S AREA Arthur F. King Report 90-2 St. John’s, Newfoundland 1990 EDITING, LAYOUT AND CARTOGRAPHY Senior Geologist R.F. BLACKWOOD Editor C.P.G. PEREIRA Typesetting B. STRICKLAND Word Processing J. BANTON D. DOWNEY J. MATTHEWS M. VEY Supervisor, Cartographic Services K. BYRNE Cartography D. LEONARD (Photomechanical) G. DENIEF T. PALTANAVAGE T. SEARS Publications of the Geological Survey Branch are available through the Publications and Information Section, Geological Survey Branch, Department of Mines and Energy, P.O. Box 8700, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 4J6. Telephone: (709) 729-3159 Fax: (709) 729-4491 (Geoscience Publications and Information) (709) 729-3493 (Geological Survey–Administration) (709) 729-4270 (Geological Survey) E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.geosurv.gov.nf.ca Author’s Address: Arthur F. King Centre for Earth Resources Research Department of Earth Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s, Newfoundland Canada A1B 3X5 ISBN 0-920769-50-0 ii CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT. xv INTRODUCTION . 1 LOCATION AND PURPOSE OF STUDY. 1 EARLY GEOLOGICAL STUDIES . 1 PRESENT INVESTIGATION . 6 PHYSIOGRAPHY, QUATERNARY GEOLOGY AND GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL OVERVIEW . 8 PHYSICAL SETTING. 8 PREGLACIAL LANDSCAPE. 9 GLACIATION OF THE AVALON PENINSULA. 10 GLACIAL LANDFORMS AND DEPOSITS . 11 Terrain Analysis . 11 Rock and Discontinuous Till. 12 Plain and Veneer Till. 12 Hummocky Till. 12 Lineated Till. 13 Boulder Fields and Erratic Boulders . 13 Terraced Till . 14 ICE MOVEMENT AND DISPERSAL CENTRES. 14 DEGLACIATION . 15 POSTGLACIAL DEPOSITS. 15 Fluvial and Lacustrine Deposits . 15 Organic Deposits and Soils. 15 Mass-Wasting Deposits . 16 Marine Deposits . 16 Land Fill. 16 SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER . 16 Drainage. 16 Water Supply. 17 Water Quantity in Surficial Deposits. 17 Water Quality of Shallow Wells . 17 GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL OF BEDROCK UNITS . 18 GEOLOGY OF THE ST. JOHN'S AREA. 19 INTRODUCTION. 19 Regional Geological Setting . 19 Local Geological Setting. 20 Formation Nomenclature and Proposed New Subdivisions . 21 HARBOUR MAIN GROUP (UNITS 1 to 3) . 21 Definition . 21 Local Distribution, Origin, Thickness and Division. 23 St. Phillips Formation (Unit 1) . 23 Name, Distribution and Thickness . 23 Lithology. 23 Structural Relations . 23 Correlation. 26 Beachy Cove Member (Subunit 1a). 26 Name, Distribution and Lithology. 26 Correlation. 26 Princes Lookout Formation (Unit 2). 26 iii Page Name, Distribution and Thickness . 26 Lithology . 26 Chemistry. 27 Structural Relations . ..
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