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Palmae; Coryphoideae) to Non-Native Flora of Tunisia and North Africa
20/1 • 2021, 19–32 DOI: 10.2478/hacq-2020-0015 Further species within Arecaceae (Palmae; Coryphoideae) to non-native flora of Tunisia and North Africa Ridha El Mokni1, 2, 3 Key words: Alien flora, Phoenix, Abstract Washingtonia, Livistona, Monocots. Five new alien taxa are here recorded from Tunisia. Reported taxa (Livistona chinensis, Phoenix canariensis, P. reclinata, P. theophrasti and Washingtonia robusta) Ključne besede: tujerodna flora, belong to the subfamily Coryphoideae (Arecaceae). Updated nomenclature, brief Phoenix, Washingtonia, Livistona, descriptions, general and national distributions are provided for each species. enokaličnice. Livistona chinensis and Phoenix theophrasti are here reported for the first time in North Africa. Identification keys are also provided. Izvleček V članku predstavljamo pet novih tujerodnih taksonov iz Tunizije. Vsi zabeleženi taksoni (Livistona chinensis, Phoenix canariensis, P. reclinata, P. theophrasti and Washingtonia robusta) pripadajo poddružini Coryphoideae (Arecaceae). Za vsako vrsto smo prikazali posodobljeno nomenklaturo, kratek opis, splošno in nacionalno razširjenost. Livistona chinensis in Phoenix theophrasti sta prvič zabeleženi v severni Afriki. Predstavili smo tudi določevalne ključe. Received: 24. 4. 2020 Revision received: 8. 6. 2020 Accepted: 10. 7. 2020 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences “A”, Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and plant Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Avenue Avicenna, 5000-Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Silvo-pastoral Resources, Laboratory of Silvo-pastoral Resources, Silvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, BP. 345, 8110-Tabarka, University of Jendouba, Tunisia. 3 University of Carthage, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, Ariana 2080, Tunisia. 19 Ridha El Mokni 20/1 • 2021, 19–32 Further species within Arecaceae (Palmae; Coryphoideae) to non-native flora of Tunisia and North Africa cords. -
Seed Geometry in the Arecaceae
horticulturae Review Seed Geometry in the Arecaceae Diego Gutiérrez del Pozo 1, José Javier Martín-Gómez 2 , Ángel Tocino 3 and Emilio Cervantes 2,* 1 Departamento de Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre (CYMVIS), Universidad Estatal Amazónica (UEA), Carretera Tena a Puyo Km. 44, Napo EC-150950, Ecuador; [email protected] 2 IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas 40, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced 1–4, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-923219606 Received: 31 August 2020; Accepted: 2 October 2020; Published: 7 October 2020 Abstract: Fruit and seed shape are important characteristics in taxonomy providing information on ecological, nutritional, and developmental aspects, but their application requires quantification. We propose a method for seed shape quantification based on the comparison of the bi-dimensional images of the seeds with geometric figures. J index is the percent of similarity of a seed image with a figure taken as a model. Models in shape quantification include geometrical figures (circle, ellipse, oval ::: ) and their derivatives, as well as other figures obtained as geometric representations of algebraic equations. The analysis is based on three sources: Published work, images available on the Internet, and seeds collected or stored in our collections. Some of the models here described are applied for the first time in seed morphology, like the superellipses, a group of bidimensional figures that represent well seed shape in species of the Calamoideae and Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud. -
Karyotype Alteration and Phylogeny, VI Karyotype Analysis in Palmae by Dyuhei Sato Receivednovember 12, 1946
174 Cvtologia 14 Karyotype Alteration and Phylogeny, VI Karyotype analysis in Palmae By Dyuhei Sato ReceivedNovember 12, 1946 I Introduction The karyotype, namely, chromosome morphology seems to be more essential and less changeable characteristic than the other external mor phology or phenotype. The so-called karyotype analysis has been believed to be one of the important methods to discuss the phylogeny. Accordingly the system in monocotyledons has to be reinvestigated from the stand point of the karyotype alteration and phylogeny. O. DRUDE mentions that Pallmae forms a very particular group free from other families, but HUTCHINSON (1932) suggests the origin of this family which is derived from the Liliaceous stock, to be perhaps through part of the Agavales (cf. Dracaena, Yucca, Cordyline, etc.). The writer (SATO 1935, 1938, 1942) clearly showed the phylogenetic significance of the Yucoa-Agave karyotype which supported the HUTCHINSON's opinion and here undertakes to pursue the origin and further development of this and similar karyoypes, namely, Liliales-Agavales-Palmales. The chromosome numbers in Palmae were insufficiently reported by several workers, NEMEC 1910, SODERBERG1919, SUSSENGUTH1920, RADER MACHER1925, SANTOS 1928, SINOTO 1928, PATEN and NARAYAMA1937 and BEAL 1937, because the cytology of tropical plants is confronted by the difficulty of obtaining the favourable materials, more properly speaking, difficulty of cytological observation based upon bad condition of fixation, abundance of small chromosomes, agglutination of chromosomes, etc. In the present case the writer reports on the materials which were certainly observed cytologically. II Material and Methods Some species reported here were obtained in the Ponape Island and the other species were pot plants most of which were raised in the Ko isikawa Botanic Garden of the Tokyo Imperial University and also in the Kosobe Green House of the Kyoto Imperial University. -
Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- ACORACEAE
Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- ACORACEAE ACORACEAE Martinov 1820 (Calamus Family) The family consists only of Acorus. References: Thompson in FNA (2000); Bogner & Mayo in Kubitzki (1998b). Acorus Linnaeus 1753 (Calamus, Sweetflag) A genus of 2-4 species, widespread in north temperate and subtropical regions. Although traditionally treated as part of the Araceae, recent evidence strongly suggests that Acorus should be segregated in a separate family. A wide variety of morphological, anatomical, and embryological evidence supports the segregation of the Acoraceae (Grayum 1987), a segregation additionally supported by molecular studies (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993). The spathe in Acorus is not morphologically equivalent to the spathe of the Araceae. References: Thompson in FNA (2000); Grayum 1987. 1 Midvein of the leaves not well-developed, about equally as prominent as the lateral veins; mature fruits produced . ..................................................................................... A. americanus 1 Midvein of the leaves well-developed, distinctly more prominent than the lateral veins; mature fruits not produced A. calamus Acorus americanus (Rafinesque) Rafinesque, American Calamus, Sweetflag. Cp (GA?, VA), Mt (GA): marshes, wet meadows, other wet areas, limey seeps; rare (GA Special Concern). May-June. Widespread in ne. North America. This species is apparently a fertile diploid. Because this species has not generally been recognized in floras, its distribution is poorly known; additional distributional records should be expected and sought. [= FNA, K; A. calamus Linnaeus -- RAB, C, F, G, GW, in part; A. americanus -- W, in part] * Acorus calamus Linnaeus, European Calamus, Sweetflag. Cp, Pd, Mt (NC, SC, VA): marshes, wet meadows, other wet areas; uncommon, introduced from Eurasia, now widespread in e. -
The Relation Between Global Palm Distribution and Climate Tammo Reichgelt 1, Christopher K
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The relation between global palm distribution and climate Tammo Reichgelt 1, Christopher K. West2 & David R. Greenwood 3 Fossil palms provide qualitative evidence of (sub-) tropical conditions and frost-free winters in the Received: 2 November 2017 geological past, including modern cold climate regions (e.g., boreal, or polar climates). The freeze Accepted: 7 March 2018 intolerance of palms varies across diferent organs and life stages, with seedlings in particular less Published: xx xx xxxx tolerant of sub-zero temperatures than adult plants, limiting successful establishment of populations while permitting adult palms to survive in cultivation outside their natural ranges. Quantitatively, palms indicate minimum cold month mean temperature (CMMT) at 2–8 °C in palaeoclimate reconstructions. These data have accentuated model-proxy mismatches for high latitudes during Paleogene hyperthermals when palms expanded poleward in both hemispheres. We constructed a manually fltered dataset of >20,000 georeferenced Arecaceae records, by eliminating cultivars. Statistically derived mean annual temperature, mean annual temperature range, and CMMT thresholds for the Arecaceae and lower rank subfamilies and tribes reveal large diferences in temperature sensitivity depending on lower taxonomic classifcation. Cold tolerant tribes such as the Trachycarpeae produce thresholds as low as CMMT ≥ 2.2 °C. However, within the palm family, CMMT < 5 °C is anomalous. Moreover, palm expansion into temperate biomes is likely a post-Palaeogene event. We recognize a CMMT ≥ 5.2 °C threshold for the palm family, unless a lower taxonomic rank can be assigned. Reconstructing climates of the geological past, particular temperature, is of considerable interest for understand- 1–4 ing climates under higher than present-day atmospheric CO2 levels (pCO2) . -
Population Genetics and Phylogeny of the Malesian Palm Genus Johannesteijsmannia H.E.Moore (Palmae)
POPULATION GENETICS AND PHYLOGENY OF THE MALESIAN PALM GENUS JOHANNESTEIJSMANNIA H.E.MOORE (PALMAE) LOOK SU LEE THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2007 POPULATION GENETICS AND PHYLOGENY OF THE MALESIAN PALM GENUS JOHANNESTEIJSMANNIA H.E.MOORE (PALMAE) LOOK SU LEE (B.Sc.(Hons.) UKM) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2007 Acknowledgements I thank The National University of Singapore for the Graduate Research Scholarship. The ASEAN Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation (ARCBC) is acknowledged for funding the research for my field trips, laboratory work and travel. I am grateful to the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London for financial support during my internship. First and foremost, I would like to express my most sincere gratitude to my supervisor Assoc Prof Hugh Tan for being an excellent supervisor throughout this Ph.D project. I thank you for your encouragement, great patience, understanding and support. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my co-supervisor Assoc Prof Prakash Kumar. I thank you for your great patience, support and guidance. Many thanks also for sharing with me time management skill and how to work efficiently. My special thanks go to my co-supervisors, Drs John Dransfield and Saw Leng Guan. I thank you for your time, effort and fruitful discussions we have had. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my co-supervisor, Dr William Baker. I thank you for your encouragement, time, effort and faith in my abilities. You were always approachable whenever I had problem with my data analyses. -
A Review of the Nomenclature and Types of the Genus Acoelorraphe (Arecaceae)
PALMARBOR Moya: Acoelorraphe Nomenclature and Typification 2019-3: 1-30 A Review of the Nomenclature and Types of the Genus Acoelorraphe (Arecaceae) Una Revisión de la Nomenclatura y los Tipos del Género Acoelorraphe (Arecaceae) CELIO E. MOYA LÓPEZ Abstract The nomenclature and types for all names in Acoelorraphe are reviewed and updated. Of the total of 87 types, 5 holotypes and 12 isotypes are identified while 11 lectotypes, 52 isolectotypes, 1 neotype, and 6 isoneotypes are designated. Resumen La nomenclatura y los tipos para todos los nombres en Acoelorraphe se revisan y actualizan. Del total de 87 tipos, se identifican 5 holotipos y 12 isotipos, mientras que se designan 11 lectotipos, 52 isolectotipos, 1 neotipo y 6 isoneotipos. Introduction Acoelorraphe is a monotypic genus of fan palms with clustered stems, and its sole species, A. wrightii (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. ex Becc., occurs in seasonally wet or flooded conditions, often in brackish water in coastal swamps and marshes or in savanna thickets or pine forests, typically at low elevations, from southern Florida through the northern Bahamas and central and western Cuba (Fig. 1) to the Caribbean coasts of southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama (Dransfield et al. 2008, Henderson et al. 1995, Zona 1997), and Providencia Island of Colombia (Galeano and Bernal 2010). Leaf blades are typically green adaxially and green with a slightly glaucous bloom abaxially although a form with strikingly silvery gray leaf blades has recently been reported from western Cuba (Craft 2017). Dransfield et al. (2008) placed Acoelorraphe in the Trachycarpeae tribe of the subfamily Coryphoideae. -
THE PALMS (ARECACEAE) of SONORA, MEXICO Rrcharo S
Aliso, l8(1), pp. 1-18 @ 1999, by The Rancho SantaAna Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA 91711'3157 THE PALMS (ARECACEAE) OF SONORA, MEXICO RrcHaRoS. Fslcsn Drylands Institute 2509 North Campbell #405 Tucson,Arizona 85719 e- mai I : rfeI g e r @ag. arizona. e du AND Elene Jovar-r Department of Botany Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287 e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This publication is an account of the palms (Arecaceae) in the state of Sonora in northwestern Mexico. Six native palm species in three genera are recorded for Sonora: Brahea with four species, and Sabal and Washingtonia each with one species. Relationships and taxonomy within Brahea, especially B. elegans, remain unresolved. Brief botanical descriptions, taxonomic synopses, local names, identification keys, conservation status and recommendations, and distributional and ethno- botanical infbrmation are provided for each species. Basionyms and types are cited. Distributions are documented with citations of nearly all herbarium specimens known to us from Sonora. Many palm populations in this arid and semiarid region are threatened by development and in some cases over- exploitation. There is an urgent need for formal management and conservation action for local pop- ulations, although as a whole none of these species in Sonora are rare or immediately threatened. RESUMEN Esta publicaci6n es un estudio de las palmas (Arecaceae) en el estado de Sonora, en el noroeste de M6xico. Se registran en Sonora seis especies nativas en tres g6neros: Brahea con cuatro especies, y Srtbttl y Washingtonia ambos con una especie. Quediindo sin resolverse las alinidades y la taxonomia dentro de Brahea, especialmente B. -
Pollen Morphology of the Subfamily Coryphoideae Griff
Pak. J. Bot., 49(2): 605-616, 2017. POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF THE SUBFAMILY CORYPHOIDEAE –ARECACEAE (EXCLUDING TRIBE PHOENICEAE) FROM PAKISTAN AND KASHMIR ABID ARZOO RASHID*, ANJUM PERVEEN AND ROOHI ABID Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] Abstract The pollen morphological diversity of the family Arecaceae has been widely demonstrated, and foregoing studies have revealed that pollen characters may contribute to a better understanding of the systematics of taxa. The present study was carried out to examine the pollen morphological characters of 14 species representing 12 genera of the subfamily Coryphoideae (excluding the tribe Phoeniceae) by using Light microscope (LM) and Scanning electron Microscope (SEM). In general, the pollen throughout the subfamily is monosulcate and elliptic in apertural view. However, the differences are found in the pollen size (ranges from 13.50 µm to 51.00 µm), exine thickness (i.e., from 1.0 µm to 3.0 µm), exine pattern 606 ABID ARZOO RASHID ET AL., The primary aim of the present work is to study the studied taxa on the basis of different pollen morphological pollen morphology of the subfamily Coryphoideae characters. The computations were performed using the (excluding Phoeniceae) from Pakistan and Kashmir and in computer program PC-ORD (version 6.0) (McCune & order to assess its importance in classification and Grace, 2002 and Peck, 2010).The various pollen characters delimitation of studied taxa at species or even at higher of the studied taxa belonging to subfamily Coryphoideae level using LM and SEM. These palynological characters (family Arecaceae) have been used in data matrix. -
Borassus L. and Corypha L. in Malesia
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 17, Number 2, October 2016 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 716-732 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d170247 Review: Persistent pioneers; Borassus L. and Corypha L. in Malesia GRAHAM E. EAGLETON♥ Center for Plant Conservation, Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13, Bogor 16003, West Java, Indonesia. Tel./Fax.: +62-251-832217, ♥ email: [email protected] Abstract. Eagleton G.E. 2016. Review: Persistent Pioneers; Borassus L. and Corypha L. in Malesia. Biodiversitas 17: 716-732. This review traces advances in taxonomic and ethnobotanic understanding of the genera Corypha L. and Borassus L. gained from research since the time of publication of “Harvest of the Palm; Ecological Change in Eastern Indonesia’’ by James J. Fox in 1977. It posits testable hypotheses arising from the literature: firstly, that both genera were present in the furthest parts of island Southeast Asia prior to a definitive Indianized cultural expansion in the first millennium CE.; secondly, that two of their species ̶ “lontar” Borassus flabellifer L. and “gewang” Corypha utan Lam. ̶ were significant components of pre-agricultural economies of the archipelago, but that their full economic exploitation benefited from later cultural stimuli from the Indian subcontinent. To test these hypotheses, lines of research with potential benefits for local economies in semi-arid Indonesia are proposed. Keywords: Borassus, Corypha, origins, proto-agricultural uses, Southeast Asia INTRODUCTION repeatedly, potentially over several seasons; not dying after flowering; Uhl and Dransfield 1987). It is forty years since James Fox’s “Harvest of the There are other local Indonesian names for the lontar, Palm” gathered together written and oral traditions for example: “siwalan”, “tal”, “ental” and “rontal” in Java; concerning the pivotal role of two palm species, Borassus “kori” or “koli” in Flores; “tua” in Roti; and “duwe” in flabellifer L. -
1 Palm Tree Susceptibility to Hemi-Epiphytic Parasitism By
PALM TREE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HEMI-EPIPHYTIC PARASITISM BY FICUS BY GREGORY KRAMER A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Gregory Kramer 2 To my parents for always supporting my curiosity for the sciences and allowing me to follow that curiosity through education 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to sincerely thank my entire supervisory committee, Dr. Kimberly Moore, Dr. George E. Fitzpatrick, and Dr. Wagner Vendrame for making my learning experience at UF an exceptional one. A special acknowledgment to Dr. Moore, for encouraging me to pursue my degree, and, and for being a constant source of guidance throughout my studies. I would also like to thank the staff of Montgomery Botanical Center for allowing me to use the facility to conduct my research, in particular, Dr. Patrick Griffith, Executive Director; Arantza A. Strader, Database Supervisor; and Vickie Murphy, Nursery Curator. And finally to my entire family, who have supported my curiosity for the sciences from a young age, in particular, Dave, Nancy and Emil. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... -
Raphides in Palm Embryos and Their Systematic Distribution
Annals of Botany 93: 415±421, 2004 doi:10.1093/aob/mch060, available online at www.aob.oupjournals.org Raphides in Palm Embryos and their Systematic Distribution SCOTT ZONA* Fairchild Tropical Garden, 11935 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables (Miami), FL 33156-4242, USA Received: 25 July 2003 Returned for revision: 25 November 2003 Accepted: 18 December 2003 Published electronically: 23 February 2004 d Background and Aims Raphides are ubiquitous in the palms (Arecaceae), where they are found in roots, stems, leaves, ¯owers and fruits. Their occasional presence in embryos, ®rst noticed over 100 years ago, has gone lar- gely unexamined. d Methods Embryos from 148 taxa of palms, the largest survey of palm embryos to date, were examined using light microscopy of squashed preparations under non-polarized and crossed polarized light. d Key Results Raphides were found in embryos of species from the three subfamilies Coryphoideae, Ceroxyloideae and Arecoideae. Raphides were not observed in the embryos of species of Calamoideae or Phytelephantoideae. The remaining subfamily, the monospeci®c Nypoideae, was not available for study. d Conclusions Within the Coryphoideae and Ceroxyloideae, embryos with raphides were rare, but within the Arecoideae, they were a common feature of the tribes Areceae and Caryoteae. ã 2004 Annals of Botany Company Key words: Anatomy, Arecaceae, calcium oxalate, embryology, embryos, Palmae, raphides. INTRODUCTION lineages within the palm family. The purpose of this survey Raphides, bundles of needle-shaped crystals of calcium was to determine if raphides are con®ned to certain lineages and if they could be used as additional evidence of oxalate monohydrate in specialized cells, are found phylogenetic relationships.