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PV Financing Guidelines
PV Financing Guidelines PV Financing Project Deliverable 3.5 United Kingdom Written by the Solar Trade Association (STA) as part of the PV Financing project in April 2016. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 646554 1 Country PV Environment The current PV environment in the UK is a challenging one. For domestic and commercial deployment, installations have slowed down significantly as subsidies were cut by around 60% in January 20161. Installations in February 2016 were around 80% down compared to February 20152. It is unclear how the industry will respond, and what innovative financial solutions will be developed over the coming year in this lower-subsidy environment. At the larger scale, subsidies have also been cut and although there is some discussion of “subsidy-free” solar connecting directly to high electricity demand behind the meter [1] – a purely self-consumption model with no financial subsidy – it is unclear whether this will be able to be replicated at scale. Ketton Cement works, one of the best practice case studies [2], was an example of this technical setup, but the economic case was made through the addition of subsidies rather than purely on the import price offset. More broadly, the UK government’s strategic view of solar is unclear. The government has promoted a “Smart Energy” vision with reports by the Department of Energy and Climate Change [3], the regulator Ofgem [4] as well as government advisors the National Infrastructure Commission [5]. All these reports agree that a smart and flexible energy system will be better in many ways. -
How Financial Technologies Are Revolutionizing the Financial Industry
HOW FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES ARE REVOLUTIONIZING THE FINANCIAL INDUSTRY Lucie Duval Dissertation submitted as partial requirement for the conferral of Master in Finance Supervisor: António Freitas Miguel, Assistant Professor of Finance, Department of Finance, ISCTE Business School September 2016 NIZING THE THE FINANCIAL NIZING INDUSTRY Lucie Duval LOGIES ARE LOGIESREVOLUTIO ARE HOW FINANCIALTECHNO Abstract Financial technologies (fintech) have known an incredible exposure over the last years, attracting investments of large billions of dollars. Fintech can be seen as the match between finance and technology and they are imposing a way of thinking in all the branches of the financial industry. The main aim of this dissertation is to study how the financial technologies are revolutionizing the financial industry. After the financial crisis of 2008, customers have changed their ways of seeing “Finance” and, more particularly, “Banks”, looking for products and services responding to their needs. Moreover, the financial crisis has highlighted a relevant number of dysfunctions of the banking sector and on the financial regulation. Regulators have strengthened their requirements for banks, particularly in their relations with clients. These have opened a breach for Fintech companies and they are using it. Fintech companies rely on a different value proposition to clients that is based on a timesaving, fast and clear experience. Indeed they are proposing majors innovation in products and also in the processes. Fintech companies have put the customer back at the center of all their attention; customer becomes again the top priority. Financial technologies have already revolutionized the finance industry even if their impact on the market, for the moment may still be seen as trivial. -
Pushing Boundaries: the 2015 UK Alternative Finance Industry Report
PUSHING BOUNDARIES THE 2015 UK ALTERNATIVE FINANCE INDUSTRY REPORT February 2016 Bryan Zhang, Peter Baeck, Tania Ziegler, Jonathan Bone and Kieran Garvey In partnership with with the support of CONTENTS Forewords 04 Introduction 10 About this study 12 The Size and Growth of the UK Online Alternative 13 Finance Market Market Size and Growth by Alternative Financing 14 Models Increasing Share of the Market for Business Funding 19 Market Trends in Alternative Finance 22 Expanding Base of Funders and Fundraisers 23 Market Entrants and Partnership strategies 25 Seeking Growth Through Awareness, Increased 26 Marketing and Forging Partnerships 27 Institutionalisation of the Market Cross-Border Transactions and Internationalisation 30 The Geography and Industries & Sectors of 31 Alternative Finance Industry Perspectives on Regulation, Tax Incentives 33 and Risks Size and Growth of the Different Online 38 Alternative Finance Models Peer-to-Peer Business Lending 39 Peer-to-Peer Business Lending (Real Estate) 40 Peer-to-Peer Consumer Lending 41 Invoice Trading 42 Equity-based Crowdfunding 43 Equity-based Crowdfunding (Real Estate) 44 Reward-based Crowdfunding 45 Community Shares 46 Donation-based Crowdfunding 46 Pension-led Funding 47 Debt-based Securities 47 Conclusion 48 Acknowledgements 50 Endnotes 51 3 ABOUT THE AUTHORS BRYAN ZHANG Bryan Zhang is a Director of the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance and a Research Fellow at the Cambridge Judge Business School. He has co-authored !ve industry reports on alternative !nance. PETER BAECK Peter Baeck is a researcher at Nesta, where he focuses on crowdfunding, peer-to-peer lending and the role of digital technologies in public and social innovation. -
Raising Finance for Europe's Small & Medium-Sized Businesses
Raising finance for Europe’s small & medium-sized businesses A practical guide to obtaining loan, bond and equity funding Association for Financial Markets in Europe www.afme.eu Disclaimer This guide should not be relied upon as legal, financial, regulatory or other professional advice. Users of the guide are encouraged to seek appropriate independent advice before entering into any kind of financing transaction. While the information contained in this is taken from sources believed to be reliable, AFME does not represent or warrant that it is accurate or complete and AFME and its employees and consultants shall not have any liability arising from, or relating to, Septemberthe use of this guide 2015 or its contents. Raising finance for Europe’s small & medium-sized businesses Page ii Contents Foreword 2 1. Introduction 4 2. What type of finance? 6 3. Choices for loan finance 7 3.1 Bank and non-bank loans 7 3.2 Leasing / equipment finance 12 3.3 Invoice financing 12 3.4 Trade finance 13 3.5 Peer-to-peer lending and crowdfunding 15 4. Bond issues for larger SMEs 17 5. Raising equity 20 5.1 Family and friends 20 5.2 Equity crowdfunding 20 5.3 Business angels 21 5.4 Venture capital and private equity 22 5.5 Going public: equity listing requirements, process and timeline 24 6. Pan-European and government SME support schemes 28 6.1 Pan-European programmes 28 6.2 Information on national development banks 30 Appendix 1: Useful links for SMEs 34 Appendix 2: Overview of pan-European and national SME assistance programmes 38 Appendix 3: Stock exchange requirements for equities and bonds 42 Appendix 4: Database: Sizing of SME loan and equity markets 44 Contacts 48 Raising finance for Europe’s small & medium-sized businesses Page 1 Foreword Foreword On behalf of AFME, I am delighted to introduce this guide, which provides practical information to SMEs across Europe on how to raise finance from a variety of sources. -