Il Crowdfunding: Una Analisi Del Modello Lending-Based
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East Africa Crowdfunding Landscape Study
REPORT | OCTOBER 2016 East Africa Crowdfunding Landscape Study REDUCING POVERTY THROUGH FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT Seven Things We Learned 1 2 3 4 East African East Africa’s Crowdfunding There’s appetite to crowdfunding platforms report risks and the do business and to markets are on promising regulatory learn more from the move. progress. environment. across East Africa. Crowdfunding platforms Since 2012 M-Changa In Kenya, for example, Over 65 participants at- (donation, rewards, debt has raised $900,000 Section 12A of the Capi- tended the Indaba & and equity) raised $37.2 through 46,000 tal Markets Act provides a Marketplace from all cor- million in 2015 in Kenya, donations to 6,129 safe space for innovations ners of the East African Rwanda, Tanzania and fundraisers. Pesa Zetu to grow before being sub- market. Uganda. By the end of Q1 and LelaFund are also ject to the full regulatory 2016, this figure reached opening access to their regime. $17.8 million – a 170% deals on the platform. year-on-year increase. 5 6 7 East Africa’s MSMEs ex- There are both commercial Global crowdfunding press a demand for alterna- and development oppor- markets are growing tive finance, but they’re not tunities for crowdfunding fast but also evolving. always investment-ready or platforms in East Africa. Finance raised by crowdfunding able to locate financiers. Crowdfunding platforms have the platforms worldwide increased from 45% of Kenyan start-ups sampled re- potential to mobilise and allocate $2.7 billion in 2012 to an estimated quire between $10,000 and $50,000 capital more cheaply and quickly $34 billion in 2015. -
Crowdlending in Asia: Landscape and Investor Characteristics
Crowdlending in Asia: Landscape and Investor Characteristics November 2020 2 Table of Contents Overview 3 Methodology Overview 4 Methodology Statement 4 Crowdlending in Asia 5 Text Analytics and Insights 7 Crowdlending Investor Characteristics 15 Survey Analysis and Insights 16 Crowdlending in Asia: Landscape and Investor Characteristics | Findings and Insights | Findings and insights 3 Overview Multiple issues arise with the emergence of crowdlending; these pertain to regulation, risk management and investors’ behaviour. Compared to the non-investment crowdfunding model, crowdlending is the dominant model in the world. As of 2019, crowdlending accounted for more than 95% of the funds raised worldwide, with Asian countries – particularly China – in the lead. In early 2020, China had the largest volume of money-raising transactions from crowdfunding totalling more than 200 billion USD. However, given the industry’s potential growth in Asian countries, multiple issues with crowdfunding practices need to be resolved. Media coverage on crowdlending is increasingly widespread, as seen from how it has become a buzzword within the last few years. Media attention on crowdlending can help us understand media awareness, media framing, and public understanding of the topic. Further, there is a lack of information on distinct characteristics and decision making of crowdfunding investors in the field of investor behaviour. We analysed the news coverage on crowdlending in Asia spanning a ten-year period from 2009 to 2019. We also surveyed crowdlending investors to understand their behaviours when interacting with crowdlending platforms. Our analyses provide insights into the challenges and opportunities of the crowdlending industry in Asia. They also reveal crowdlending investors’ behaviour. -
How Financial Technologies Are Revolutionizing the Financial Industry
HOW FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES ARE REVOLUTIONIZING THE FINANCIAL INDUSTRY Lucie Duval Dissertation submitted as partial requirement for the conferral of Master in Finance Supervisor: António Freitas Miguel, Assistant Professor of Finance, Department of Finance, ISCTE Business School September 2016 NIZING THE THE FINANCIAL NIZING INDUSTRY Lucie Duval LOGIES ARE LOGIESREVOLUTIO ARE HOW FINANCIALTECHNO Abstract Financial technologies (fintech) have known an incredible exposure over the last years, attracting investments of large billions of dollars. Fintech can be seen as the match between finance and technology and they are imposing a way of thinking in all the branches of the financial industry. The main aim of this dissertation is to study how the financial technologies are revolutionizing the financial industry. After the financial crisis of 2008, customers have changed their ways of seeing “Finance” and, more particularly, “Banks”, looking for products and services responding to their needs. Moreover, the financial crisis has highlighted a relevant number of dysfunctions of the banking sector and on the financial regulation. Regulators have strengthened their requirements for banks, particularly in their relations with clients. These have opened a breach for Fintech companies and they are using it. Fintech companies rely on a different value proposition to clients that is based on a timesaving, fast and clear experience. Indeed they are proposing majors innovation in products and also in the processes. Fintech companies have put the customer back at the center of all their attention; customer becomes again the top priority. Financial technologies have already revolutionized the finance industry even if their impact on the market, for the moment may still be seen as trivial. -
Investigating the Application of Banking Regulation to Online Peer-To-Peer Lending Platforms in South Africa to Counter Systemic Risk
Investigating the application of banking regulation to online peer-to-peer lending platforms in South Africa to counter systemic risk Tamarin Angela Floyd Student number 16391871 A research project submitted to the Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration. 6 November 2017 i © University of Pretoria ABSTRACT The behaviour and activities of online peer-to-peer lending platforms have evolved in different ways across jurisdictions, not fitting neatly within existing financial regulatory frameworks. Together with the growth momentum of the industry and the cases where losses were suffered, this culminated in a call to regulate peer-to-peer lending platforms adequately. The research presents an analysis of online peer-to-peer lending platforms through the lens of banking theory, questioning whether peer-to-peer platforms are behaving like banks and whether they pose systemic risk. These research questions feed into the ultimate research problem: whether online peer-to-peer lending platforms should be regulated like banks with respect to liquidity and capital requirements. Liquidity and capital requirements were designed to stem systemic risk in financial systems and have been praised as effective tools. Qualitative exploratory research was undertaken with 18 experts in the field. Key findings included that the presence of systemic risk is contingent on the operating structure and legal implications of the peer-to-peer platform. In certain cases, systemic risk could be present and as such liquidity and capital requirements should apply. The scope of the research was restricted to the South African financial system due to the unique nuances of its regulatory framework. -
Raising Finance for Europe's Small & Medium-Sized Businesses
Raising finance for Europe’s small & medium-sized businesses A practical guide to obtaining loan, bond and equity funding Association for Financial Markets in Europe www.afme.eu Disclaimer This guide should not be relied upon as legal, financial, regulatory or other professional advice. Users of the guide are encouraged to seek appropriate independent advice before entering into any kind of financing transaction. While the information contained in this is taken from sources believed to be reliable, AFME does not represent or warrant that it is accurate or complete and AFME and its employees and consultants shall not have any liability arising from, or relating to, Septemberthe use of this guide 2015 or its contents. Raising finance for Europe’s small & medium-sized businesses Page ii Contents Foreword 2 1. Introduction 4 2. What type of finance? 6 3. Choices for loan finance 7 3.1 Bank and non-bank loans 7 3.2 Leasing / equipment finance 12 3.3 Invoice financing 12 3.4 Trade finance 13 3.5 Peer-to-peer lending and crowdfunding 15 4. Bond issues for larger SMEs 17 5. Raising equity 20 5.1 Family and friends 20 5.2 Equity crowdfunding 20 5.3 Business angels 21 5.4 Venture capital and private equity 22 5.5 Going public: equity listing requirements, process and timeline 24 6. Pan-European and government SME support schemes 28 6.1 Pan-European programmes 28 6.2 Information on national development banks 30 Appendix 1: Useful links for SMEs 34 Appendix 2: Overview of pan-European and national SME assistance programmes 38 Appendix 3: Stock exchange requirements for equities and bonds 42 Appendix 4: Database: Sizing of SME loan and equity markets 44 Contacts 48 Raising finance for Europe’s small & medium-sized businesses Page 1 Foreword Foreword On behalf of AFME, I am delighted to introduce this guide, which provides practical information to SMEs across Europe on how to raise finance from a variety of sources. -
REGULATION of CROWDLENDING in the EUROPEAN UNION Understanding the Suitableness of EU Legislation for Crowdlending
REGULATION OF CROWDLENDING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION Understanding the suitableness of EU legislation for crowdlending. Thesis – LL.M International Business Law Aleix Vidal Monés Tilburg University 2017/2018 Student name Aleix Vidal Monés Supervisor Gil-Lemstra, P. (LLM) SNR 233888 Date 2018 ABSTRACT This paper works about the added value of crowdlending as a source of funding, its characteristics opportunities, risks and regulatory implications for the European Union (EU). In concrete, the thesis’ research is mainly focused on discovering whether the European fragmented regulatory scenario it is an appropriate playground for the crowdlending sector development. The conclusions are clear. They point out that the current EU regulatory panorama does not fit the needs of the crowdlending sector. In this sense, legislative action from the EU institutions is required to turn the "state by state" based crowdlending sector into a common European industry. TABLE OF CONTENTS I.- INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 A) Presentation of the topic: ..................................................................................................... 1 B) Prior work on this subject: .................................................................................................... 4 C) Purpose and methodology research: .................................................................................... 5 D) Chapters overview: .............................................................................................................. -