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Thailand's Progress on the Elimination of The

Thailand’s Progress on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor: 2015 1) Prevalence and Sectoral Distribution of Child Labor 1.1 In what sectors or activities were children involved in hazardous activities or other worst forms of child labor? For all sectors, please describe the work activities undertaken by children. In particular, if children were engaged in forestry, manufacturing, construction, fishing, agriculture, and street work, please provide information on the specific activities (within the sector) children engage in. Please also explain the hazards for any sector in which the dangerous nature of the work activities may otherwise be unclear to the lay person (four further explanation, please HAZADOUS ACTIVITIES and WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR in the Definitions section). Answer: According to the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board Thailand witnessed a reduction in the population of children ages 0-17 years from the years 2010-2015. In 2015 there were roughly 14.48 million children between 0-17 years, a reduction compared to 15.42 million in 2010 and 14.86 million in 2013. On the other hand, Thailand found an increase in the number of students enrolled in the national education system, from 4.99 million students enrolled in 2000 up to 5.33 million students in 2013. These factors have contributed to a reduction of working children in the labor force. In this regard, the Department of Labour Protection and Welfare (DLPW) examined quarterly data of Thailand’s labor force status survey1. In the 3rd quarter of 2015, there were 38.77 million people in the labor force or available for work.
Biogeography of Mammals in SE Asia: Estimates of Rates of Colonization, Extinction and Speciation

Biological Journal oflhe Linnean Sociely (1986), 28, 127-165. With 8 figures Biogeography of mammals in SE Asia: estimates of rates of colonization, extinction and speciation LAWRENCE R. HEANEY Museum of <oology and Division of Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A. Accepted for publication I4 February 1986 Four categories of islands in SE Asia may be identified on the basis of their histories of landbridge connections. Those islands on the shallow, continental Sunda Shelf were joined to the Asian mainland by a broad landbridge during the late Pleistocene; other islands were connected to the Sunda Shelf by a middle Pleistocene landbridge; some were parts of larger oceanic islands; and others remained as isolated oceanic islands. The limits of late Pleistocene islands, defined by the 120 ni bathymetric line, are highly concordant with the limits of faunal regions. Faunal variation among non-volant mammals is high between faunal regions and low within the faunal regions; endcmism of faunal regions characteristically exceeds 70%. Small and geologically young oceanic islands are depauperate; larger and older islands are more species-rich. The number of endemic species is correlated with island area; however, continental shelf islands less than 125000 km2 do not have endemic species, whereas isolated oceanic islands as small as 47 km2 often have endemic species. Geologirally old oceanic islands have many endemic species, whereas young oceanic islands have few endemic species. Colonization across sea channels that were 5-25 km wide during the Pleistocene has been low, with a rate of about 1-2/500000 years.
TAXONOMIC STUDIES from RODENT OUTBREAK AREAS in the CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS Nikhil

Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 217-230, 2018 ISSN: 0304-9027 (print) 2408-8455 (online) NEW RECORDS OF RODENT SPECIES IN BANGLADESH: TAXONOMIC STUDIES FROM RODENT OUTBREAK AREAS IN THE CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS Nikhil Chakma*, Noor Jahan Sarker, Steven Belmain1, Sohrab Uddin Sarker, Ken Aplin2 and Sontosh Kumar Sarker3 Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Abstract: Rodents are regarded as crop pests, significant reservoirs and vectors for many zoonotic diseases around the world. Basic taxonomic information of rodents present in a locality can help understand which species are responsible as crop pest in that habitat. The phenomenon of the 50-year cycle of gregarious bamboo flowering and rodent outbreaks in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh, rodents trapping were carried out in four habitats from March, 2009 to December, 2011 in Ruma upazila of Bandarban hill district. Variety of traps were used to capture small mammals. The captured species were measured and identified using taxonomical dichotomous keys and DNA bar-coding performed in Australia. A total of 14 different small mammalian species were captured of which nine belonging to the Muridae family, and one species each of Spalacidae, Sciuridae, Tupaiidae and Soricidae families. The dominant small mammal species captured were Rattus rattus (54.06%) followed by Mus musculus (26.39%), Rattus nitidus (10.98%), Suncus murinus (5.45%), Mus terricolor (1.09%), Mus cookii nagarum (0.97%), Cannomys badius (0.16%), Leopoldamys edwardsi (0.12%), Berylmys bowersi (0.12%), Vernaya fulva (0.08%), Rattus andamanensis (0.08%), Tupaia glis (0.04%) and Callosciurus pygerythrus (0.04%).
Quaternary Murid Rodents of Timor Part I: New Material of Coryphomys Buehleri Schaub, 1937, and Description of a Second Species of the Genus

QUATERNARY MURID RODENTS OF TIMOR PART I: NEW MATERIAL OF CORYPHOMYS BUEHLERI SCHAUB, 1937, AND DESCRIPTION OF A SECOND SPECIES OF THE GENUS K. P. APLIN Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO Division of Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) K. M. HELGEN Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington and Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History ([email protected]) BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 341, 80 pp., 21 figures, 4 tables Issued July 21, 2010 Copyright E American Museum of Natural History 2010 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract.......................................................... 3 Introduction . ...................................................... 3 The environmental context ........................................... 5 Materialsandmethods.............................................. 7 Systematics....................................................... 11 Coryphomys Schaub, 1937 ........................................... 11 Coryphomys buehleri Schaub, 1937 . ................................... 12 Extended description of Coryphomys buehleri............................ 12 Coryphomys musseri, sp.nov.......................................... 25 Description.................................................... 26 Coryphomys, sp.indet.............................................. 34 Discussion . ....................................................
First Systematic Study of Late Pleistocene Rat Fossils From

Sains Malaysiana 48(12)(2019): 2613–2622 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4812-02 First Systematic Study of Late Pleistocene Rat Fossils from Batu Caves: New Record of Extinct Species and Biogeography Implications (Kajian Sistematik Pertama Fosil Tikus Akhir Pleistosen dari Batu Caves: Rekod Baharu Spesies yang Telah Pupus dan Implikasi Biogeografi) ISHLAHUDA HANI SAHAK, LIM TZE TSHEN, ROS FATIHAH MUHAMMAD*, NUR SYIMAH IZZAH ABDULLAH THANI & MOHAMMAD AMIN ABD AZIZ ABSTRACT This paper presents the first systematic study of rat (Murinae) isolated dental fossils collected from Late Pleistocene (66000 years ago) cave breccia deposits in Cistern Cave, Batu Caves, Selangor. The cave is partly deposited with fine, coarse and pebbly breccia mixed with abundant mammal fossil cemented to the wall and ceiling of the cave. A total of 39 specimens of teeth and jaw fragments of Murinae were recovered among other large and small mammal remains. Dental morphology and size comparisons suggest that the fossils belong to extinct and extant species which occurred in Peninsular Malaysia and adjacent regions. The species identified are Chiropodomys gliroides, Leopoldamys sabanus, Leopoldamys minutus, Maxomys whiteheadi, Maxomys rajah and Rattus rattus. Almost all species identified from the fossils are known as markers for lowland forested environments. Keywords: Caves fossils; Murinae; Peninsular Malaysia; quaternary ABSTRAK Kertas ini membentangkan kajian sistematik pertama fosil gigi tikus (Murinae) yang ditemui di dalam endapan breksia gua yang berusia Akhir Pleistosen (66000 tahun dahulu) di Gua Cistern, Batu Caves, Selangor. Sebahagian daripada gua ini dilitupi endapan breksia berbutir halus, kasar dan berpebel, bercampur aduk dengan fosil mamalia yang melekat pada dinding dan siling gua.
Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals

Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals Lead Assessor Mohammed Mostafa Feeroz Technical Reviewer Md. Kamrul Hasan Chief Technical Reviewer Mohammad Ali Reza Khan Technical Assistants Selina Sultana Md. Ahsanul Islam Farzana Islam Tanvir Ahmed Shovon GIS Analyst Sanjoy Roy Technical Coordinator Mohammad Shahad Mahabub Chowdhury IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature Bangladesh Country Office 2015 i The designation of geographical entitles in this book and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature concerning the legal status of any country, territory, administration, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The biodiversity database and views expressed in this publication are not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, Bangladesh Forest Department and The World Bank. This publication has been made possible because of the funding received from The World Bank through Bangladesh Forest Department to implement the subproject entitled ‘Updating Species Red List of Bangladesh’ under the ‘Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Wildlife Protection (SRCWP)’ Project. Published by: IUCN Bangladesh Country Office Copyright: © 2015 Bangladesh Forest Department and IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holders, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holders. Citation: Of this volume IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 2: Mammals. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp.
Influence of Past and Future Climate Changes on the Distribution of Three

Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2015) ORIGINAL Influence of past and future climate ARTICLE changes on the distribution of three Southeast Asian murine rodents Alice Latinne1,2,3*, Christine N. Meynard4,5, Vincent Herbreteau6, Surachit Waengsothorn7, Serge Morand2,8,9 and Johan R. Michaux1,10 1Conservation Genetics Unit, Institut de ABSTRACT Botanique, University of Liege, Liege, Aim We tested the influence of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and the Belgium, 2Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, potential effect of future climate change on Southeast Asian small mammal dis- CNRS-IRD-UM2, Universite de Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France, 3Department of tributions using two forest-dwelling (Leopoldamys herberti and Leopoldamys Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, sabanus) and one karst (Leopoldamys neilli) endemic rodent species as models. Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, Location Southeast Asia. 4INRA, UMR CBGP (INRA/IRD/CIRAD/ Montpellier SupAgro), Campus international Methods We used presence–absence data of genetically identified individuals, de Baillarguet, CS 30016 Montferrier-sur-Lez bioclimatic variables and species distribution modelling techniques to predict cedex, France, 5Virginia Institute of Marine potential distributions of the three studied species under current, past [Last Science, College of William & Mary, Interglacial (LIG) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)] and future conditions. Gloucester Point, VA, USA, 6IRD, UMR We applied a variety of modelling techniques and then used consensus tech- ESPACE-DEV (IRD, UM2, UAG, UR), niques to draw up robust maps of potential distribution ranges at all stages. Station SEAS-OI, Saint-Pierre, France, 7 Results Environment and Resources Technology According to our models, these three Leopoldamys species did not Department, Thailand Institute of Scientific experience significant range contraction during the LGM.
A Checklist of the Mammals of South-East Asia

A Checklist of the Mammals of South-east Asia A Checklist of the Mammals of South-east Asia PHOLIDOTA Pangolin (Manidae) 1 Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica) 2 Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) INSECTIVORA Gymnures (Erinaceidae) 3 Moonrat (Echinosorex gymnurus) 4 Short-tailed Gymnure (Hylomys suillus) 5 Chinese Gymnure (Hylomys sinensis) 6 Large-eared Gymnure (Hylomys megalotis) Moles (Talpidae) 7 Slender Shrew-mole (Uropsilus gracilis) 8 Kloss's Mole (Euroscaptor klossi) 9 Large Chinese Mole (Euroscaptor grandis) 10 Long-nosed Chinese Mole (Euroscaptor longirostris) 11 Small-toothed Mole (Euroscaptor parvidens) 12 Blyth's Mole (Parascaptor leucura) 13 Long-tailed Mole (Scaptonyx fuscicauda) Shrews (Soricidae) 14 Lesser Stripe-backed Shrew (Sorex bedfordiae) 15 Myanmar Short-tailed Shrew (Blarinella wardi) 16 Indochinese Short-tailed Shrew (Blarinella griselda) 17 Hodgson's Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus caudatus) 18 Bailey's Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus baileyi) 19 Long-taied Brown-toothed Shrew (Episoriculus macrurus) 20 Lowe's Brown-toothed Shrew (Chodsigoa parca) 21 Van Sung's Shrew (Chodsigoa caovansunga) 22 Mole Shrew (Anourosorex squamipes) 23 Himalayan Water Shrew (Chimarrogale himalayica) 24 Styan's Water Shrew (Chimarrogale styani) Page 1 of 17 Database: Gehan de Silva Wijeyeratne, www.jetwingeco.com A Checklist of the Mammals of South-east Asia 25 Malayan Water Shrew (Chimarrogale hantu) 26 Web-footed Water Shrew (Nectogale elegans) 27 House Shrew (Suncus murinus) 28 Pygmy White-toothed Shrew (Suncus etruscus) 29 South-east
Cultural Bioregionalism: Towards a Natural Balance

Page 1 of 6 CULTURAL BIOREGIONALISM: TOWARDS A NATURAL BALANCE For more than 20 years Chatchawan Thongdeelert has worked with village people, the monkhood, academics, business people and civil servants at the local level in Northern Thailand. Says Chatchawan, "The thinking and experience which is recounted below does not spring from the writer's experience alone, but rather from a process of practice and learning within the Northern Thai NGO movement in conjunction with movements in other regions of Thailand. " by Chatchawan Thongdeelert Between 1986 and 1988 Northern Thai NGOs cooperated in seminars bringing together leaders from each province in the upper North to exchange views and experience. It was hoped that a network of regional leaders would result. In fact, however, after such seminars had been held for three or four years, the result was that when leaders came together to exchange knowledge and understanding and came to know leaders from other regions better, there remained limitations in their ability to travel across provincial boundaries to continue 'follow up' discussions and activities. Discussions began about how a more sustainable network of leaders could be fostered. It was suggested that forums for leaders at a lower level should be encouraged on the basis of cultural bioregions. It was at this time that the Group for Chiang Mai was assembling local people, including academics, monks, business, NGOs, students, and ordinary locals in opposition to the construction of the Doi Suthep Skyway which would take tourists to the top of the mountain which overlooks the city to the west. The Group succeeded in stopping the project.
Influence of Past and Future Climate Changes on the Distribution of Three Southeast Asian Murine Rodents

Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2015) ORIGINAL Influence of past and future climate ARTICLE changes on the distribution of three Southeast Asian murine rodents Alice Latinne1,2,3*, Christine N. Meynard4,5, Vincent Herbreteau6, Surachit Waengsothorn7, Serge Morand2,8,9 and Johan R. Michaux1,10 1Conservation Genetics Unit, Institut de ABSTRACT Botanique, University of Liege, Liege, Aim We tested the influence of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and the Belgium, 2Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, potential effect of future climate change on Southeast Asian small mammal dis- CNRS-IRD-UM2, Universite de Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France, 3Department of tributions using two forest-dwelling (Leopoldamys herberti and Leopoldamys Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, sabanus) and one karst (Leopoldamys neilli) endemic rodent species as models. Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, Location Southeast Asia. 4INRA, UMR CBGP (INRA/IRD/CIRAD/ Montpellier SupAgro), Campus international Methods We used presence–absence data of genetically identified individuals, de Baillarguet, CS 30016 Montferrier-sur-Lez bioclimatic variables and species distribution modelling techniques to predict cedex, France, 5Virginia Institute of Marine potential distributions of the three studied species under current, past [Last Science, College of William & Mary, Interglacial (LIG) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)] and future conditions. Gloucester Point, VA, USA, 6IRD, UMR We applied a variety of modelling techniques and then used consensus tech- ESPACE-DEV (IRD, UM2, UAG, UR), niques to draw up robust maps of potential distribution ranges at all stages. Station SEAS-OI, Saint-Pierre, France, 7Environment and Resources Technology Results According to our models, these three Leopoldamys species did not Department, Thailand Institute of Scientific experience significant range contraction during the LGM.
Myanmar Displaced Persons (Mdps)

The Survey of Thai Public Opinion toward Myanmar Refugees and Migrant Wokers: A Case Study of Mae Hong Son Province Malee Sunpuwan Sakkarin Niyomsilpa Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University Supported by the World Health Organization and the European Union The Survey of Thai Public Opinion toward Myanmar Refugees and Migrant Wokers: A Case Study of Mae Hong Son Province Malee Sunpuwan Sakkarin Niyomsilpa @Copyright 2014 by the Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University All rights reserved 500 copies Cataloguing in Publication The Survey of Thai Public Opinion toward Myanmar Refugees and Migrant Workers: A Case Study of Mae Hong Son Province/ Malee Sunpuwan, Sakkarin Niyomsilpa. -- 1st ed. -- Nakhon Pathom: Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, 2014 (Publication/ Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University; no. 429) ISBN 978-616-279-490-2 1. Public opinion. 2. Public opinion -- Myanmar. 3. Migrant labor -- Myanmar. 4. Refugees -- Burma. I. Malee Sunpuwan. II. Sakkarin Niyomsilpa. III. Mahidol University. Institute for Population and Social Research. IV. Series. HN90.P8 S963mh 2014 Published by: Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170 Telephone: 66 2 4410201-4 Fax: 66 2 441 9333 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.ipsr.mahidol.ac.th IPSR Publication No. 429 PREFACE i PREFACE Ethnic and political conflicts in Myanmar that have occurred since its independence from Britain have caused a huge number of people to become Myanmar displaced persons (MDPs). Many of them are internally displaced persons (IDPs) trying to survive from a subsistence economy while many others have chosen to cross borders and head to neighbouring countries to become refugees and migrants there.
Decentralization, Empowerment and Tourism Development:Pai Title Town in Mae Hong Son, Thailand

Decentralization, Empowerment and Tourism Development:Pai Title Town in Mae Hong Son, Thailand Author(s) LORTANAVANIT, Duangjai Citation 東南アジア研究 (2009), 47(2): 150-179 Issue Date 2009-09-30 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/108385 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 47, No. 2, September 2009 Decentralization, Empowerment and Tourism Development: Pai Town in Mae Hong Son, Thailand Duangjai LORTANAVANIT* Abstract In the once-remote valley of Pai in Mae Hong Son Province in northwestern Thailand, tourism has been a powerful force shaping dramatic changes. However, tourism is a complex subject involving a range of actors and actions both within and outside the valley. It has occurred simultaneously with other trans- formational processes in Thai society. This paper focuses on Viengtai, the market and administrative center of Pai District, drawing on observations made from 1997 to the present, including dissertation field work in 2005 and 2006. This study seeks to describe and interpret processes and practices at work in Pai, where a range of social actors compete and negotiate over resources and notions of culture and locality, with an emphasis on political decentralization. It will describe the interaction between actors in resource management for tourism development in Pai from the 1980s to the present. It describes the distinct fea- tures of the negotiations and conflicts regarding resources and notions of culture and locality among local communities, entrepreneurs, tourists, NGOs, and state and local administration in the era of political decentralization in Thailand. Keywords: community tourism, empowerment, decentralization I Introduction Tourism is a leading foreign exchange earner of the Thai economy, and has been the focus of investment, state policy and media attention in recent decades.