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Emeritus October 2011 Newsletter No 36 of the Australian National University Emeritus Faculty

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Emeritus October 2011 Newsletter No 36 of the Australian National University Emeritus Faculty 1 Emeritus October 2011 Newsletter No 36 of the Australian National University Emeritus Faculty Back numbers of Emeritus can be found here http://www.anu.edu.au/emeritus/news.html The ANU Emeritus Faculty, Fellows Lane Cottage - Building 3T. [See www.anu.edu.au/emeritus for location map] Postal address PO Box 6050, O’Connor, ACT 2602.Phone: 02 6125 5309 Fax: 02 6125 5262 VC’s address to ANUEF grain stripper1, the stump-jump plough2 and 3 The Vice-Chancellor’s recent address to the the electric drill . Faculty can be seen and heard here: http://www.anu.edu.au/emeritus/events/even “The 20th century gave us the black box 4 5 t-111019.html flight recorder , the inflatable escape slide ; 6 It is worth looking at. and the plastic polymer bank note . Our medical scientists and technologists 7 8 Urgent need for science education in have given us the humidicrib ; plastic and 9 schools and on streets multi-focal spectacle lenses and, more recently, day/night disposable contact 10 Professor Suzanne Cory, president of the lenses . Countless lives have been saved Australian Academy of Science, addressing by Howard Florey’s application of penicillin the National Press Club on 28 September to combat infection; Fiona Wood’s invention 2011 said the Australian Academy of of spray-on skin for burns patients (1992) Science has called on the Government to and Don Metcalf’s hormones for white blood create a Sovereign Fund for Science, to cell production (1960s-80s).” secure the future prosperity of the nation. Nine of the 10 Nobel Prizes awarded to She said that one of the most important Australians have been in Science. She listed missions of the Academy is to nurture also recent developments in Australian scientific excellence in Australia. “Conscious science including WiFi of this responsibility, I want to share with you the Academy’s thoughts on the state of 1 Australian Science, and Australian Science 1843 -John Ridley and John Bull of SA and Maths Education,” she said. 2 1876 Richard and Clarence Bowyer Smith “Australia’s future prosperity depends on 3 1889 Arthur James Arnot Union Electric substantially strengthening both Australia’s Company in Melbourne proud history of discovery and development. 4 David Warren in Melbourne 1958 Let me begin by reminding you that Australia 5 1965; Jack Grant Qantas has a long history of producing world- 6 David Solomon, CSIRO, 1988 changing technology. The examples are too 7 Edward Thomas Both 1953 numerous to give you more than a taster 8 1960; Scientific Optical Laboratories in here. Many of the 19th century inventions Adelaide are icons of Australian history, including the 9 1992 Stephen Newman Qld 10 Vision CRC/CSIRO; 2003-now Continued next page 2 CSIRO scientist John O.Sullivan’s most of you know - translating scientific pioneering work in radioastronomy which led discoveries into commercial success is a to the invention of WiFi. As of mid-2010, the long and difficult road, requiring: WiFi patent had already netted CSIRO an - collaboration across scientific disciplines. estimated $250 million, which is being - cooperation between industry, academia ploughed back into research and and government. development via CSIRO’s Science and - strong protection of intellectual property Industry Endowment Fund - and it is - far-sighted and patient investors predicted to ultimately bring CSIRO upwards - and a healthy measure of good timing and of one-billion-dollars11. good fortune! Relenza: CSIRO also gave us the influenza She went on, “Four things threaten our drug, Relenza, through the work of Peter ongoing R&D performance and, as a Colman, Graeme Laver, Mark Von Itzstein consequence, our economic security and and their teams. ongoing prosperity: Bionic Ear: In the 1970s a team of medical The level of our investment in scientists and engineers led by Graeme research and development; Clark developed the first prototype bionic Our capacity to lever this investment ear; this Australian invention has now by engaging effectively with the brought hearing to more than 250,000 global science effort; 12 people worldwide . The poor science literacy of our Gardasil: The Gardasil story is another workforce and our community; and great example of Australian innovation that The decline of interest in science has made a big splash on the world stage. education in our schools. Gardasil, the vaccine developed by Ian Frazer’s team at the University of After making comparisons with other Queensland, in collaboration with CSL, countries, she said, “Research excellence is prevents infection with the virus, and a precious entity that requires constant therefore also prevents cervical cancer. tending and nurturing. But the environment Plastic Solar Sheeting: Looking to the that researchers find themselves in today is future, an Australian success story in the just the opposite: a Darwinian battle for making is being developed by the Victorian survival, where costs are rising faster than Organic Solar Cell Consortium, a the level of funding and career opportunities collaboration involving the University of are limited, despite recent government Melbourne, CSIRO, Monash University and initiatives to improve them. four Australian and international companies. This wonderful meeting of minds from “Students contemplating a career in industry and academia, which includes my research see how hard it is for their mentors Academy colleague Professor Andrew and they are understandably daunted by Holmes, has produced a type of flexible what they see. Women in particular feel plastic solar cell, much like our polymer daunted, when they realise the added bank notes. The cells are printed with a degree of difficulty they face when they take light-sensitive ink that converts sunlight to career breaks to have children. I meet many energy, mimicking photosynthesis. young women who have done brilliant PhDs but then either left science altogether or “Success stories such as these are very decided to move sideways, into a more inspiring,” she said, “But - as I am sure stable if less exciting career... “The Australian Academy of Science 11 Andrew Collety, The Australian, 31 August therefore calls on the Government to create 2010 a Sovereign Fund for Science, to secure the (http://www.theaustralian.com.au/australian- future prosperity of the nation. The goal it/csiro/story-e6frgakx-1225912084897) as at should be to increase Australia’s research 9September 2011. 12 Graeme Clark Foundation and development expenditure to at least 3% (http://graemeclarkfoundation.org/About%20G%2 of GDP by 2020”. 0Clark/GMC%20FAQs.pdf) as at 9 Sept 2011 Continued Next Page 3 She pointed out that being part of big 75% could not do basic arithmetic; international programs opens up horizons and that would be inconceivable for Australian 80% could not calculate the area of Science going it alone. a rectangle, or the pay owed for working four-and-a-half hours “It would be a grave blow if our ability to compete on the international stage were to On the state of science and maths be diminished. I strongly urge the Federal education, she said that without a robust Government to fund in its next Budget a new and inspiring science and maths education program to provide strategic support for system, it is impossible to create an Australia’s International Science Linkages.” internationally competitive workforce. Researchers, engineers and technologists On the science capability in the workforce, are not the only workers requiring scientific she said the minerals sector “acknowledges training. Think about the myriad other jobs that we cannot ride the current boom which require a basic understanding of indefinitely. Further, the Minerals Council of science and maths. Food handlers need a Australia warns that skills shortages and basic understanding of microbiology to structural weaknesses in the Australian ensure the food they sell is safe for economy have been masked by the consumers. Farmers need knowledge of 13 boom... biology, soil science and meteorology to optimise their production and manage risk; “The workforce of tomorrow will be drawn Forestry workers need to be able to operate from the students of today. If we do not computer-controlled equipment for equip these students with the right skills, we harvesting and processing timber; will find ourselves in the near future with a Entertainment workers need a broad very lacklustre economy and a dangerous foundation in basic physics to design and paucity of skilled workers. operate stage lighting and sound systems ... “Certain skills are already in short supply in “Today, student disenchantment with 14 Australia . In fact, the No More Excuses science continues. This is all too apparent 15 report issued by the Industry Skills from the declining number of students who Council earlier this year points to an choose to study science in senior secondary alarming deficit in even basic skills. school17. ... While Australian students have According to this report, literally .millions of been losing interest in science, their Australians have insufficient language, international peers have been taking it up literacy and numeracy skills. (the old- with great enthusiasm. “ fashioned 3Rs) .to benefit fully from training or to participate effectively at work.. The picture is much worse for mathematics. 16 The Council reports that a recent project Australia’s early secondary mathematical looking at the maths skills of bricklaying literacy scores have significantly declined apprentices at a regional TAFE showed that: over the last decade and our Year 4 and Year 8 students ranked only 14th internationally in the most recent “Trends International Mathematics and Science 13 Minerals Week 2011 Seminar .Minerals Study”, conducted in 200718. This decline in Council of Australia (MCA) Chairman¡¯s speech (http://www.minerals.org.au/news/minerals_week 17 _2011_seminar_chairmans_speech/) as at 12 (2011) Secondary Science: The Bad News. Sept 2011. Data from DEEWR Statistical Collection. 14 (2011) No More Excuses, An Industry 38 Ainley, J, Kos, J and Nicholas, M.
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