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COVER((OK)) 22-09-2004 12:00 Pagina 1 PONTIFICIA ACADEMIA SCIENTIARVM PONTIFICIA ACADEMIASCIENTIARVM YEARBOOK 2004 YEARBOOK 2004 VATICAN CITY 01_Prima Parte+BIO.A_1.Prima Parte 25/06/10 10:34 Pagina 1 THE PONTIFICAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Yearbook 2004 Vatican City 01_Prima Parte+BIO.A_1.Prima Parte 25/06/10 10:34 Pagina 2 ‘Truth, freedom and responsibility are connected in the experience of the sci- entist. In setting out on his path of research, he understands that he must tread not only with the impartiality required by the objectivity of his method but also with the intellectual honesty, the responsibility, and I would say with a kind of “reverence”, which befit the human spirit in its drawing near to truth. For the scientist, to understand in an ever better way the particular reality of man in relation to the biological-physical processes of nature, to discover always new aspects of the cosmos, to know more about the location and the distri- bution of resources, the social and environmental dynamics, and the logic of progress and development, becomes translated into a duty to serve more fully the whole of mankind, to which he belongs. For this reason, the ethical and moral responsibilities connected to scientific research can be perceived as a requirement within science, because it is a fully human activity, but not as control, or worse, as an imposition which comes from outside. The man of science knows perfectly, from the point of view of his knowledge, that truth cannot be subject to negotiation, cannot be obscured or abandoned to free conventions or agreements between groups of power, societies, or States. Therefore, because of the ideal of service to truth, he feels a special respon- sibility in relation to the advancement of mankind, not understood in generic or ideal terms, but as the advancement of the whole man and of everything that is authentically human’. Address of the Holy Father John Paul II on the Occasion of the Jubilee Plenary Session of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 13 November 2000. 01_Prima Parte+BIO.A_1.Prima Parte 25/06/10 10:34 Pagina 3 01_Prima Parte+BIO.A_1.Prima Parte 25/06/10 10:34 Pagina 4 CASINA PIO IV – VATICAN GARDENS Headquarters of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences 01_Prima Parte+BIO.A_1.Prima Parte 25/06/10 10:34 Pagina 5 PONTIFICIA ACADEMIA SCIENTIARVM YEARBOOK 2004 EMI AD A C S A C I E A I N C T I I F A I R T V N M O P VATICAN CITY 2004 01_Prima Parte+BIO.A_1.Prima Parte 25/06/10 10:34 Pagina 6 The Pontifical Academy of Sciences Casina Pio IV, V-00120 Vatican City Tel: +39 0669883195 / 0669883451 / 0669885416 Fax: +39 0669885218 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/index_it.htm ISBN 88-7761-086-7 © Copyright 2004 THE PONTIFICAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VATICAN CITY 01_Prima Parte+BIO.A_1.Prima Parte 25/06/10 10:34 Pagina 7 CONTENTS 7 CONTENTS Foreword ............................................................................... 9 PAS Objectives ....................................................................... 10 Historical Profile ..................................................................... 11 The President, Chancellor and Council of the Academy ............ 12 The Presidents, Chancellors and Members of the Council 1936- 2004 ...................................................................................... 13 Index of Academicians ........................................................... 15 Deceased Academicians .......................................................... 244 Statistical Tables 1. List of Disciplines ............................................................ 263 2. Alphabetical Order ....................................................... 264 3. Nation of Birth and Residence ........................................ 267 4. Scientific Disciplines ...................................................... 271 5. Nation of Residence and Discipline ................................ 274 6. Continent of Residence and Discipline ............................ 278 7. Year of Birth and Discipline ............................................ 281 8. Year of Appointment and Discipline ................................ 284 9. Year of Appointment and Continent of Residence ............ 287 10. Academicians Appointed by each Supreme Pontiff ............ 290 Winners of the Prizes of the Academy ..................................... 291 The Motu Proprio of Pius XI .................................................... 292 Statutes .................................................................................. 295 01_Prima Parte+BIO.A_1.Prima Parte 25/06/10 10:34 Pagina 8 8 YEARBOOK 2004 Scientific Meetings 1949-2004 ................................................ 298 Publications 1936-2004........................................................... 302 2004-2005 Calendar .............................................................. 321 Academicians’ Addresses ........................................................ 322 Index ..................................................................................... 354 01_Prima Parte+BIO.A_1.Prima Parte 25/06/10 10:34 Pagina 9 FOREWORD 9 FOREWORD It is a great honour for me, as Chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, to present this new Yearbook of our Academy to the Supreme Pontiff, the Catholic Church and other Churches, and the world of science and learning. This volume offers a photograph, a brief biography, a summary of scientific research, and a short list of publications of each Academician, as well as a variety of informative statistics. As can be seen from a perusal of the pages of this Yearbook, the Academy is fully loyal to the ends set out in its statutes, name- ly to achieve a representation within its ranks of the various branches of science and of the great regions of the world. The inter-disciplinary and international dialogue that this reality allows on the topical and pressing subjects of contem- porary science may be adjudged a most valuable and perhaps unique source of fertile advance. The activity of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, for this reason, seeks to constitute a significant contribution to the progress of man at both a scientific and ethical level. We have to recognise that during the last cen- tury man achieved greater progress, if not in relation to knowledge about him- self certainly in relation to knowledge about the macrocosm and the microcosm, than was the case throughout the whole of the rest of the history of mankind. The happy insight of Pope Clement VII, who in founding the Academy of the Lynxes in 1603 – continued by Pope Pius XI with his refoundation of the Academy in the form of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1936 – sought to establish a scientific ‘Senate’ within the Holy See, seems today more than ever of contemporary relevance during this epoch of ours which has been defined by many as the epoch of science. Of course, all the activities of the Academy would not be possible without the vital help of the Holy Father who has always followed its initiatives and delib- erations with great care and interest, providing both keen moral support, as well as important funding and the magnificent buildings of the Academy (recently restored). A profound debt of gratitude must therefore be expressed to His Holiness John Paul II for his benevolence and guidance. I would also like to extend my thanks to the President, Prof. Nicola Cabbibo, the members of the Council, and all the Academicians, who, through their participation, make possible the life of the Academy. Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo, Bishop-Chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences 01_Prima Parte+BIO.A_1.Prima Parte 25/06/10 10:34 Pagina 10 10 PAS OBJECTIVES PAS OBJECTIVES – Promoting the progress of the mathematical, physical and natural sciences, and the study of related epistemological questions and issues – Recognising excellence in science – Stimulating an interdisciplinary approach to scientific knowledge – Encouraging international interaction – Furthering participation in the benefits of science and technology by the greatest number of people and peoples – Promoting education and the public’s understanding of science – Ensuring that science works to advance of the human and moral dimension of man – Achieving a role for science which involves the promotion of justice, devel- opment, solidarity, peace, and the resolution of conflict – Fostering interaction between faith and reason and encouraging dialogue between science and spiritual, cultural, philosophical and religious values – Providing authoritative advice on scientific and technological matters – Cooperating with the members of other Academies in a friendly spirit to promote such objectives. 01_Prima Parte+BIO.A_1.Prima Parte 25/06/10 10:34 Pagina 11 HISTORICAL PROFILE 11 HISTORICAL PROFILE The Academy was founded in Rome on 17 August 1603 by Federico Cesi, Giovanni Heck, Francesco Stelluti and Anastasio de Filiis with the name ‘Linceorum Academia’. After various vicissitudes it was refounded in 1847 by Pius IX with the name ‘Pontificia Accademia dei Nuovi Lincei’. It was then enlarged in 1887 by Leo XIII; provided with its new headquarters of Casina Pio IV in the Vatican Gardens in 1922; and refounded again with new statutes by the Motu Proprio In Multis Solaciis of 28 October 1936 of Pius XI, who gave it the new name of ‘Pontificia Academia Scientiarum’. The Pontifical Academy of Sciences directly depends on the Supreme Pontiff and is made up of eighty ‘Pontifical Academicians’
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