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Developing Smarter Logistics Support to Remote Areas  by Maj SPECTRUM The Salang Pass has been called one of the most dangerous roads in the world. Supply contractors must traverse this route to sustain the many remote bases in Afghanistan. (Photo by Sgt. Michael K. Selvage) Developing Smarter Logistics Support to Remote Areas By Maj. Linda C. Wade, Capt. Adam G. Bradford, Capt. Timothy P. Gibbons, and Capt. Nathan D. Platz he Army Logistics Innova- improving Army sustainment for re- that should be adopted by the Army. tion Agency and Department mote locations. The Army can better support combat of the Army G–4 chartered The study focused on sustainment operations in the most remote areas theT Maj. Gen. James Wright Pro- in areas with minimal or no local in- on earth by accomplishing these six gram of the College of William and frastructure or supply sources in en- improvements: Mary’s Mason School of Business vironments similar to inland central to research supply chain optimiza- Africa and isolated Pacific islands. Reduce packaging waste. tion for remote locations. The intent Comprehensively studying current Increase use of local and renewable was to garner insights from civilian commercial supply chain innova- resources. organizations with the objective of tions revealed many best practices Employ regional logistics experts. 10 Army Sustainment Increase the prevalence of com- more for the rigid bag, but the new A single case of meals ready-to-eat monality of parts. design doubled the efficiency of its (MREs) is a great example of poor Improve logistics communications transportation network. The new de- packaging. Not only does the card- systems. sign also made the packing process board case create solid waste, but Generate operational power effi- at the mine more efficient. Freeport- the individual MRE package design ciently. McMoRan gains a competitive ad- causes unused space within a case. vantage through its supplier relation- (See figure 1 on page 12.) This in- The research revealed how all six ships because it views its suppliers as creases the cost of packaging and recommendations would lead to an strategic partners.3 printing, and it creates waste along increase in combat power. Combat What can the Army learn from the supply chain as these cases move power would be generated through a smaller footprint, greater use of assets, reduced inventory, simplified Inefficient packaging results in trucks being on the road logistics, and increased operational flexibility. All six recommendations unnecessarily, poor use of air delivery assets, and inefficient have been proven to reduce costs for use of storage space. commercial companies. Reduced Packaging these initiatives to reduce packaging on ships, vehicles, and aircraft. The Army can learn from initia- waste? An initiative to reduce or re- Smaller and lighter packaging of- tives in the private sector to reduce design packaging would have a sig- fers significant benefits to Soldiers packaging waste. Walmart has de- nificant effect on combat operations. who receive resupply by containerized cided that the punt (or dimple dent) Inefficient packaging results in delivery systems on air-only combat at the bottom of a bottle of wine is trucks being on the road unnecessar- outposts. The U.S. Army Natick Sol- wasteful. Walmart worked closely ily, poor use of air delivery assets, and dier Systems Center has developed with its supplier to redesign the Oak inefficient use of storage space. Im- improved packaging for the MRE Leaf brand wine bottles to reduce proved packaging would decrease the that is smaller and lighter, but it has that punt, resulting in a shorter and exposure of vulnerable assets along not yet been approved by the Depart- lighter bottle. the supply chain, increase air and ment of Defense (DOD).5 This small change reaped big cost ground asset utilization, and reduce Natick has also considered de- savings in glass consumption, pack- transportation requirements. signing dual-purpose packaging to aging materials, and transportation, Most of the current packaging ma- create more value for Soldiers. For which created a win-win scenario for terials used for food, water, ammuni- example, an MRE package could be both Walmart and its supplier1 and tion, and repair parts become a solid redesigned to be used as a sandbag, reduced Walmart’s annual shipping waste burden during combat opera- a field-expedient latrine, or a camou- requirement by 280 trucks.2 tions. Solid waste must be disposed flage net case. Soldiers should be able Likewise, Freeport-McMoRan, one of for tactical, political, and sanitary to use almost every piece of material of the top mining companies in the reasons in a combat zone. the Army sends them. world, worked closely with a supplier In remote areas, the common The improved packaging initiative to completely redesign its packaging method for disposing of solid waste should also extend to how the Army for cobalt hydroxide. The new design is to burn it. Burning packaging awards contracts to suppliers who resulted in a larger, square-shaped materials can lead to future health are key partners in the supply chain. product bag that was more rigid. The problems for Soldiers.4 But remov- Contracts should be awarded only new design fits the exact dimensions ing unnecessary packaging materials to suppliers who comply with effi- of the company’s cargo trucks and has does not go far enough. Packaging cient packaging standards, to include doubled the amount of material that materials should be designed to minimum required packaging, light- can be shipped in one truck. burn cleanly in a power-generating er packaging, dual-purpose packag- The company paid two dollars incinerator. ing, and clean-burning packaging. 1 Michael S. Lasky, “What wineries can learn about sustainability from Walmart,” Wine Business Monthly, December 2011, www.winebusiness.com/wb- m/?go=getArticle&dataid=94994. 2 John Kalkowski, “Walmart highlights sustainability efforts,” Packaging Digest, March 4, 2012, www.packagingdigest.com/smart-packaging/walmart-high- lights-sustainability-efforts. 3 Bill Dare (Freeport-McMoRan), personal interview, July 11, 2014. 4 “Sustainable Forward Operating Bases,” Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, May 21, 2010. 5 “MRE Packaging Factsheet,” U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center, provided by Dr. Jo Ann Ratto. January–February 2015 11 Packaging and Waste Reduction Initiatives Current Packaging: L: 16 3/4” W: 10 1/4” H: 9 1/4” Natick Packaging: L 15 5/8” W: 9 5/16” H: 9 13/16” Reduction: L: -1 1/8” H: -15/16” W: +9/16” Dual-Purpose Packaging Smaller MRE Packaging An MRE package could be redesigned to be reused as a sandbag. Figure 1. The Army Natick Soldier Systems Center has developed ideas for smaller, lighter packaging for meals ready-to-eat (MREs). The packaging could also be modified to be dual-purpose to create more value for Soldiers. Strict contracting requirements port core operations. funding available for combat power. would no doubt put American in- The Army can drastically increase Reduce resupply convoys. In 2008, genuity to work in developing smart combat power while reducing sup- 20 percent of all materiel sent by solutions to packaging challenges. port requirements by using local convoy in Iraq and Afghanistan was The Army must recognize that sup- and renewable resources. The Army related to water.7 Implementing a pliers are a critical part of the value would save dollars in the supply freshwater well to support a remote stream in the supply chain. chain, and every dollar saved in lo- Army FOB would eliminate a signif- gistics is another dollar that can be icant number of resupply convoys. Local and Renewable Resources spent on combat power. Free up assets for combat missions. Freeport-McMoRan operates mines When Freeport-McMoRan is in a Resupply convoys operating in Iraq in remote areas of Central Africa. It remote area, its water requirements and Afghanistan often require Kiowa has adopted methods of maximizing are similar to those of an Army or Apache Helicopter air support. In local and renewable resources in order forward operating base (FOB) in 2007, the number of water convoys to reduce its logistics resupply require- Afghanistan. Instead of shipping required was 3,725 (3,287 in Iraq and ment, increase its operational effect, bottled water to the remote site, 438 in Afghanistan), which comes and maximize its profits. Methods Freeport-McMoRan constructs a out to a little more than 10 convoys employed by Freeport-McMoRan freshwater well, which supplies the per day solely for water.8 include digging wells, partnering to site and the local village with fresh Assuming two helicopters are refurbish a hydroelectric plant, and water.6 required to escort one convoy, ad- providing equipment and training to The tactical benefits of building a equate air support requirements create local sourcing options. freshwater well are fourfold: It reduc- would be 20 attack helicopters per Each of these methods reduces es the number of resupply convoys, day. Reducing resupply convoy re- the distribution resources required frees up assets for combat missions, quirements by 10 or 20 percent to sustain operations at remote sites, strengthens relationships with the would free up these valuable air as- freeing up assets and money to sup- local community, and increases the sets for combat missions. 6 Bill Dare (Freeport-McMoRan). 7 “Sustain the Mission Project: Casualty Factors for Fuel and Water Resupply Convoys Final Technical Report,” Army Environmental Policy Institute, Arling- ton, Virginia, September 2009, http://www.aepi.army.mil/docs/whatsnew/SMP_Casualty_Cost_Factors_Final1-09.pdf. 8 Ibid. 12 Army Sustainment Strengthen relationships with the Bricks are heavy and expensive to through neighboring countries and community. Establishing good rela- move. inside Afghanistan.”9 (See figure 2.) tionships with the local population is Instead of transporting bricks into Waste in the Army supply chain critical to long-term security in any Africa, Freeport-McMoRan trans- negatively affects combat power by operation.
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