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Volcán Ollagüe

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Volcán Ollagüe Volcán Ollagüe Región: Antofagasta Provincia: El Loa Comuna: Ollagüe Coordenadas: 21°19’S – 68°11’O Poblados más cercanos: Ollagüe – Amincha – Kosca Tipo: Estratovolcán Altura: 5.868 m s.n.m. Diámetro basal: 18,2 km Área basal: 260 km2 Volumen estimado: 91 km3 Última actividad: 1927 Última erupción mayor: <11 mil años Ranking de riesgo Volcán Ollagüe. Vista desde el norte 39 (moderado-bajo) específico: (Fotografía: Daniel Bertin, SERNAGEOMIN) Generalidades El volcán Ollagüe corresponde a un estratovolcán compuesto que ha producido domos silíceos, lavas de amplio rango composicional y depósitos piroclásticos desde hace al menos 1,2 millones de años. Su evolución estructural habría estado controlada por un sistema de fallas extensionales regionales de orientación noroeste que bisectan al volcán, lo cual sumado a la debilidad del edificio y/o a la intrusión somera de cuerpos magmáticos habrían generado deformaciones sucesivas, las que habrían gatillado varios colapsos laterales del edificio. De estos últimos colapsos, se destaca un voluminoso depósito de avalancha de detritos emplazado hacia el oeste, que cubre parcialmente el salar de Carcote, y que habría ocurrido hace aproximadamente 300 mil años, dejando un anfiteatro de colapso en el flanco oeste del volcán, que ha sido rellenado parcialmente por domos y lavas. Al SO del volcán se presenta un centro monogenético denominado cono piroclástico La Poruñita, datado en 270 ka. Registro eruptivo Existen registros de actividad histórica en 1879, 1887 y 1927, aunque sin mayores antecedentes. En las condiciones actuales presenta desgasificación pasiva persistente en la parte alta del edificio, además de microsismicidad. Peligros y Riesgos Asociados Una reactivación de este volcán estaría, con alta probabilidad, ligada a la extrusión de domos o lavas viscosas, con la posible generación de corrientes piroclásticas principalmente dirigidas hacia el flanco oeste, donde se ubica la ruta internacional CH-21 y transita el ferrocarril hacia Bolivia. Una erupción mayor, de baja probabilidad de ocurrencia, podría afectar al poblado de Ollagüe. Mapa de ubicación de Volcán Ollagüe REFERENCIAS Feeley, T.C.; Davidson, J.P.; Armendia, A. 1993. The volcanic and magmatic evolution of Volcán Ollagüe, a high-K, late Quaternary stratovolcano in the Andean Central Volcanic Zone. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 54: 221-245. Feeley, T.C.; Davidson, J.P. 1994. Petrology of calc-alkaline lavas at Volcán Ollagüe and the origin of compositional diversity at Central Andean Stratovolcanoes. Journal of Petrolgy 35(5): 1295-1340. Feeley, T.C.; Sharp, Z.D. 1995. 18O/16O isotope geochemistry of silicic lava flows erupted from Volcan Ollagüe, Andean Central Volcanic Zone. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 133: 239-254. Francis, P.W.; Wells, G.L. 1988. Landsat thematic mapper of debris avalanche deposits in the Central Andes. Bulletin of Volcanology 50: 258-278. Wörner, G.; Hammerschmidt, K.; Henjes-Kunst, F.; Lezaum, J.; Wilke, H. 2000. Geochronology (Ar-Ar, K-Ar, and He-exposure ages) of Cenozoic magmatic rocks from northern Chile (18-22°S): implications for magmatism and tectonic evolution of the central Andes. Revista Geológica de Chile 27(2): 205-240. Clavero, J.E.; Polanco, E.; Godoy, E.; Aguilar, G.; Sparks, R.S.J.; van Wyk de Vries, B.; Pérez de Arce, C.; Matthews, S. 2004. Substrata influence in the transport and emplacement mechanism of the Ollagüe debris avalanche (northern Chile). Acta Vulcanológica 16: 59-76. Clavero, J.E.; Soler, V.; Amigo, A. 2006. Caracterización preliminar de la actividad sísmica y de desgasificación pasiva de volcanes activos en los Andes Centrales del norte de Chile. In Congreso Geológico Chileno, No. 11, Actas 2: 443-446. Antofagasta Mattioli, M.; Renzulli, A.; Menna, M.; Holhm, P.M. 2006. Rapid ascent and contamination of magmas through the thick crust of the CVZ (Andes, Ollagüe Region): evidence from a nearly aphyric high-K andesite with skeletal olivines. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 158: 87- 105. Tibaldi, A.; Bistacchi, A.; Pasquare, F.A.; Vezzoli, L. 2006. Extensional tectonics and volcano lateral collapses: insights from Ollagüe volcano (Chile- Bolivia) and analogue modeling. Terra Nova 18 (4): 282-289. Vezzoli, L.; Tibaldi, A.; Renzulli, A.; Menna, M.; Flude, S. 2008. Faulting-assisted lateral collapses and influence on shallow magma feeding system at Ollagüe volcano (Central Volcanic Zone, Chile-Bolivia Andes). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 171 (1-2): 137-159. Henderson, S.T.; Pritchard, M.E.; Jay, J.A.; Welch, M.; Mares, M.J.; Mnich, M.E.; Melkonian, A.K.; Aguilera, F.; Naranjo, J.A.; Clavero, J.E.; Minaya, E.; Sunagua, M.; Glass, B.; Barrientos, S. 2012. Searching for activity in the Andean Central Volcanic Zone: Thermal anomalies, seismicity and deformation over a time span of 1-20 years. In Congreso Geológico Chileno, No.13, Actas: 588-590. Antofagasta. Karátson, D.; Telbisz, T.; Wörner, G. 2011. Erosion rates and erosion patterns of Neogene to Quaternary stratovolcanoes in the Western Cordillera of the Central Andes: An SRTM DEM based analysis. Geomorphology 139-140: 122-135. Jay, J.A.; Welch, M.; Pritchard, M.E.; Mares, P.J.; Mnich, M.E.; Melkonian, A.K.; Aguilera, F.; Naranjo, J.A.; Sunagua, M.; Clavero, J.E. 2013. Volcanic hotspots of the central and southern Andes as seen from space by ASTER and MODVOLC between the years 2000 and 2010. Geological Society of London Special Publications 380(1): 161-185. Pritchard, M.E.; Henderson, S.T.; Jay, J.A.; Soler, V.; Krzesni, D.A.; Button, N.E.; Welch, M.D.; Semple, A.G.; Glass, B.; Sunagua, M.; Minaya, E.; Amigo, A.; Clavero, J.E. 2014. Reconnaissance earthquake studies at nine volcanic areas of the central Andes with coincident satellite thermal and InSAR observations. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 280: 90-103. Información Cartográfica: Ramírez, C.F.; Huete, C. 1981. Geología de la Hoja Ollagüe. Instituto de Investigaciones Geológicas, Carta Geológica de Chile 40: 47 p., 1 mapa escala 1:250:000. Santiago. Amigo, A., Bertin, D., Orozco, G. 2012. Peligros volcánicos de la zona norte de Chile, Regiones de Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta y Atacama. Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, Carta Geológica de Chile, Serie Geología Ambiental 17: 45 p., 1 mapa en 5 hojas escala 1:250.000, 1 mapa escala 1:3.000.000. Santiago. .
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