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First Nation Community Profiles FIRST NATION COMMUNITY PROFILES CARCROSS/TAGISH FIRST NATION - COMMUNITIES OF CARCROSS AND TAGISH COMPLIMENTS OF CTFN PHOTO GALLERY Carcross/Tagish First Nation History Traditional Culture and Heritage Spirituality is held in very high regard within the Carcross/Tagish First Nation. Ceremony is a very im- portant part of the people’s lives, following the transition of ages, spanning from birth to death, and encompassing the relationship with self, clan and nation. Art forms are used to express the people’s spiritual relationship and interconnectedness with one another, as well as with the land, water and animals. The First Nation’s crests and totems serve as keys to unlock a rich oral tradition of storytell- ing and sharing. The two moieties are Wolf (Gooch) and Crow (Yeitl). Tagish/Tlingit culture is matrilineal, following the mother’s line. Each moiety consists of several clans, with each clan belonging to either Wolf or Crow. The Carcross/Tagish area has six clans that are recognized: Daklaweidi, Yen Yedi, Deisheetaan, Ganaxtedi, Kookhittaan, and Ishkahittan. Daklaweidi (Killerwhale) and Yen Yedi (Wolf) are both Wolf Moieties. Deisheetaan (Beaver), Ganaxtedi (Raven), Kookhittaan (Crow), Ishkahittan (Frog) are all of Crow Moiety. The Carcross/Tagish First Nation is governed by what is known as a Clan System. Each clan is required to put forward their appointed leaders, who together will have the authority to make important de- cisions on behalf of all citizens of the Carcross/Tagish First Nation. Among the members who form the Executive Council, one person is appointed as the Khà Shâde Héni: the headman or chief. Traditional Lifestyles For thousands of years, the Carcross/Tagish First Nation people have lived off the land, sustaining their lives from its resources. Survival required hard work, and hunting, fishing, trapping and gather- ing traditional medicines and berries remains an important part of the First Nation’s lifestyle today. In addition, the Carcross/Tagish First Nation still uses and maintains many trails within Southern Yukon, Alaska and Northern British Columbia, including the famous Chilkoot Trail. Part of Carcross/ Tagish First Nation Traditional Territory, the Chilkoot Trail served as a trading route long before the arrival of Europeans. Hunting - To keep from over-hunting, the people moved around from place to place depending on the season and the type of game being hunted. Moose hunting, for example, takes place in autumn, when the moose have gained the bulk of their weight in order to survive the long winter ahead. When a moose is shot, every part of the animal is used, not only for food, but also for tools, clothing, boats, tents, snowshoes and much, much more. Fishing - Fish continues to be another major source of diet. Fish were mainly caught in willow or sinew nets. In order to prepare for the cold winter months, the fish were cut up and hung on racks to dry. Smoked and dry meat and fish were stored in caches for later use. Trapping - Another large part of the First Nation heritage is trapping. This is mainly done in the winter months, when the animals have acquired their winter coats and the fur is in prime condition. Furs were used as currency for trading purposes before the introduction of money for exchange. Hunters trapped a wide variety of fur-bearing animals using snares or deadfalls, in combination with different kinds of bait. The animals were skinned out and placed on stretchers. The lightest and warmest furs were used to make robes and blankets. Gathering - Berries, herbs and plant foods are gathered (“put-up”) throughout various times of the year. Women put up a wide range of the berries growing in almost every part of the Carcross/Tagish First Nation Traditional Territory. Traditionally, most of the berries picked were mixed in grease with dried meat or fish and cached away to be used only when food was low, especially in the winter months. COMPLIMENTS OF YTG/DERRICK CROWE, 2008. Traditional Medicines - The land not only serves as the grocery store, but also as the hospital and pharmacy for the Carcross/Tagish First Nation. It is believed that if the people take care of the land, the land will take care of the people. This relationship with the land ensures that the land pro- vides not only medicines and herbs, but physical and psychological healing as well. Most of people understand how to gather basic medicines, with some holding a wealth of knowledge about the medicines that the land provides. CTFN Administration - The Carcross/Tagish First Nation government provides public services such as Health, Housing, Education, Social Assistance, and Heritage, Lands and Resources to its citizens. Support services for the self-government are provided through the departments of Wellness, Capacity Develop- ment, Finance, Administration, and Governance. Carcross/Tagish First Nation: http://www.ctfn.ca 2 TABle of Contents: COMMUNITY BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1 - 2 LAND CLAIMS & SELF-GOVERNMENT AGREEMENT 4 ScHEDULE ‘A’ 5 TRADITIONAL TERRITORY (MAP) 6 YUKON-AbORIGINAL STATISTICS 7 - 9 YUKON-CRIME STATISTICS 10 LOCATION OF YUKON FIRST NATION MEMBERS 11 - 12 CENSUS SUBDIVISION STATISTICS 13 - 20 YUKON FIRST NATION CONTACT LIST 21 DEFINITIONS & AbbREVIATIONS 22 - 23 This First Nation Community Profile was researched and compiled by Mr. Joseph Fred, First Nations Statistician, as part of a training program supported by the Government of Yukon and Statistics Canada, in cooperation with Yukon First Nations. 3 Carcross/Tagish First Nation Self-Government Agreement Land Claim Agreements The Carcross/Tagish First Nation (CTFN) signed Final and Self-Government Agreements with Yukon and Canada on October 22, 2005. The Effective Date of these agreements was January 9, 2006. Government Structure The CTFN government structure is established by its Constitution, which was developed according to the Self-Government Agreement. The Carcross/Tagish government is structured upon the six clans of the First Nation to ensure equal representation of all clans in all its branches. Among other things the Constitution establishes the five branches of the Carcross/Tagish First Nation government: the Elders Council, the Assembly, the Council, and the Justice Council. Traditional Territory The Traditional Territory of the CTFN is situated in SW Yukon, centred on the unincorporated village of Carcross. In very generalized terms, this area of historic use and occupation extends from west of Kusawa Lake to east of Squanga Lake, and from the BC border northwards to just south of Whitehorse. Settlement Land and Special Management Areas Through the terms of the Umbrella Final Agreement, the CTFN owns the following Settlement Land: • 1036 km² of Category A Land – meaning that the First Nation owns both the surface of the land as well as what is below it (such as minerals and oil and gas). • 518 km² of Category B Land – meaning that the First Nation owns the surface of the land but not what is below the surface. • 7.51 km² of land allocated per section 4.3.4 of the Final Agreement. The CTFN Final Agreement created four new Special Management Areas – Kusawa Park, Agay Mene Natural Environment Park, Lewes Marsh Habitat Protection Area, and Tagish River Habitat Protection Area. The first two are to be designated under Yukon’s Parks and Land Certainty Act; while the latter two are to be designated under Yukon’s Wildlife Act. Kusawa Park and Lewes Marsh Habitat Protection Area are also both referenced in the Kwanlin Dun First Nation Final Agreement. Heritage Sites The Carcross/Tagish Final Agreement requires the establishment of the Tagish North West Mounted Police Historic Site and the Conrad Historic Site as historic sites pursuant to the Historic Resources Act. The Carcross/Tagish Final Agreement also identified thirty heritage routes and sixteen heritage sites to which specific provisions in the Final Agreement apply. Financial Compensation In accordance with the terms of Chapter 19 of the Umbrella Final Agreement, the CTFN became entitled, on the Effective Date of its Final Agreement, to its share of the financial compensation package provided by Canada. This amounted to $17,687,553, as measured in 1989 dollars. The Final Agreements include formulae for determining each First Nation’s Adjusted Final Share; in the case of the CTFN, factoring in interest, this resulted in 15 annual payments of $2,588,803 starting on the date the Agreement was signed (October 22, 2005). Taxation As a self-governing Yukon First Nation, the CTFN has the authority for taxation, for local purposes, of interest in Settlement Land and of occupants and tenants of that land. The First Nation is also able to enter into ‘tax sharing’ arrangements with Canada and Yukon regarding the sharing of tax-generated revenue. However, to date (spring 2009), the CTFN has not passed an Income Tax Act. The CTFN is responsible for paying property taxes for some, but not all Settlement Land, in accordance with Chapter 21 of the Final Agreement. Property taxes are not paid on unimproved rural Settlement Land. Economic Development Measures Chapter 22 of the CTFN Final Agreement provides for certain economic development measures intended to provide Yukon Indian People with opportunities to participate in the Yukon economy and to ensure they obtain economic benefits that flow directly from the Agreement. 4 SCHEDULE 'A' ALLOCATION OF SETTLEMENT LAND AMOUNT Category A Fee Simple & Category B Total Allocation under 4.3.4 Sq. Miles Sq. Km* Sq. Miles Sq. Km* Sq. Miles Sq. Km* Sq. Miles
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