L-In ħawi tal-
Buskett u tal - Girgenti
Annex
Ww wwww.natura2000malta.org.mt
Natura 2000 Management Plan
ANNEX 1 MANAGEMENT PLAN DEVE LOPMENT 4 A.1.1 Summary of Methodology 4 A.1.2 Data Collection 5 A.1.3 Formulation of Management Objectives 6 A.1.4 Formulation of Management Actions 7 A.1.5 Work Plan Structure and Reporting and Review Plan 7 ANNEX 2 RELEVANT PLANNING PO LICIES 8 A.2.1 Structure Plan and Local Plan Policies 8 A.2.2 Conservation Order 28 ANNEX 3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLO GY OF CONSERVATION STATUS 29 ANNEX 4 SPECIFICATIONS OF MA NAGEMENT ACTIONS 37 A.4.1 Guidelines for Standard Monitoring Plans for Annex I Habitats and Annex II Species of the Habitats Directive and Annex I Species of the Birds Directive 37 A.4.2 Guidelines for the Elaboration of National Species Action Plans 43 A.4.3 Guidelines for Habitat Restoration Actions 46 P7. Application of access control measures at habitats 5230 and 92A0 46 P8. Planning and implementation of an IAS species control / eradication programme 47 P9. Planning and implementation of a pilot project for the expansion of habitat 9320: Olea and Ceratonia forests 50 A.4.4 Guidelines for the Signposting and Site promotion 54 A.4.5 Patrolling Schedule 58 ANNEX 5 COST RECOVERY MECHAN ISMS 71 A.5.1 Revenue Generating and Self -financing Opportunities 71 A.5.2 Funding Opportunities 74 ANNEX 6 MAPS 77 A.6.1 Boundary Map 78 A.6.2 Hydrology Map 79 A.6.3 Geology Map 80 A.6.4 Cultural Heritage Map 81 A.6.5 Land Use Map 82 A.6.6 Habitats Map 83 A.6.7 Signage Map 84 A.6.8 Land Ownership Map 85 A.6.9 Visitor Access Map 86 A.6.10 Actions Map 87 ANNEX BIBLIOGRAPHY 88
Tables Table A-1: Structure Plan policies; L -inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti ...... 9 Table A-2: North West Local Plan policies; Rdumijiet ta’ Malta: L-Inħawi tal -Buskett u tal- Girgenti ...... 15 Table A-3: Evaluating the current condition of a habitat type ...... 30 Table A-4: Evaluating the current condition of a species ...... 33 Table A-5: Maltese Islands Annex I Habitats and Annex II Species to be monitored ...... 37
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Table A-6: Maltese Islands Bird Species to be monitored ...... 39 Table A-7: FRVs to be established for the following habitats and species ...... 40 Table A-8: Parameters for determining Favourable Conservation Status according to Article 17 of the Habitats Directive ...... 41 Table A-9: Content explanation of Table A-11: Site Identity – Management Structure ...... 60 Table A-10: Content explanation of Table A-13: Activities per site ...... 60 Table A-11: Site Identity – Management Structure ...... 61 Table A-12: Half-year patrolling schedule ...... 65 Table A-13: Activities monitored through patrolling ...... 68
Figures Figure A-1: Actions map for actions P7 and P9 ...... 53 Figure A-2: Map showing indicative locations for sign posting...... 57
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ANNEX 1 MANAGEMENT PLAN DEVELOPMENT
A standardised methodology has been developed for the development of all Natura 2000 Management Plans. The use of a standardised methodology allows for facilitated quality assurance and control. This chapter outlines the management planning methodology.
A.1.1 SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY
Step -1 Information acquisition, evaluation : One of the first tasks that w as undertaken was the identification of information requirements for the management planning process. Once this was done, the team acquired information available for the site from MEPA, literature, available reports, interviews, team experts and academia contacts. In addition to the above, a data gap analysis was carried out to determine what supplementary information was required to be gathered from the field / other sources ( Information and Gap Analysis ).
Step -2 Site/s vi sit & field work : The team conducted site visits as necessary to verify the information collected in Step-1 and collected additional information and data (Surveys and Data Gathering Exercise ) whilst concluding the gap analysis
Step -3 Database developmen t and drafting of Chapter 2 : The team evaluated all information for consistency, quality and reliability, drafted Chapter 2 and stored information in an ArcGIS system. All baseline information was submitted to MEPA for their feedback. This information was thoroughly reviewed and revised as the Management Plan was drafted and was revisited each time new information was made available through additional site visits, stakeholder consultation and expert input ( Εvaluation of Data and Information Gathered ).
St ep -4 Drafting of Chapter 3 : Based on the above, the team drafted Chapter 3 of the Management Plan. The 1 st draft was peer reviewed by the team and external consultants ( Evaluation of Data and Information Gathered , Setting Conservation Objectives ). This Chapter was circulated to MEPA for their feedback and revised following MEPA feedback.
Step -5 Drafting of Chapters 4 to 6, Draft -1: Based on the above , the team drafted Chapters 4, 5 and 6, by following the steps described below and produced a 1 st Draft of the Management Plan, including the Introductory Chapter 1 (Management Planning ). The draft was made available to MEPA for their comments and revised following MEPA feedback.
Step -6 Public consultation & stakeholders meetings : This is a horizontal acti on carried out concurrently with the above steps. The team organized public consultation meetings and public information days with stakeholders and the MEPA, presented the Natura 2000 programme for Malta, and acquired general and specific information for the sites. It also discussed the vision, management objectives, and actions for the site ( Stakeholder Involvement ).
Step -7 2nd site visit, verification, Draft -2; Consultation and Draft -3; Database update,
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maps, Live.Doc : The team conducted a 2 nd site visit to verify measures proposed in Draft-1 and produced a Draft-2 Management Plan. Draft-2 was peer reviewed by consultants and experts and the team used the feedback from these to produce Draft-3. Based on the above, the team updated the site database and GIS system and produced maps and other information ( Management Planning, update/contribution of/to the Surveys and Data Gathering Exercise and the Evaluation of Data and Information Gathered )
Step -8 Delivery of the Live.doc to the MEPA : The Live .doc was delivered for review to MEPA. Comments by MEPA were addressed as required.
Step -9 The final document is then produced : The live.doc has been circulated, comments have been incorporated and the Final Report has been produced which includes the Executive Summary.
A.1.2 DATA COLLECTION
Data has been collated for:
• Physical features • Management infrastructure • Relevant plans, policies and legislation • Ecology • Geology, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Climate • Cultural and heritage elements • Landscape features • Human uses within and around the site • Land Ownership • Tourism • Accessibility • Economic and social aspects including stakeholder consultation.
The data has been collated from various sources according to the procedures:
• A desk study was first carried out to gather all relevant data related to the site. • Typical information sources used are MEPA databases, maps and documents, information from the Lands Department, information from the Agriculture Department, information from the Malta Resources Authority. • Field surveys were carried out to support the desk study. • Surveys were carried out for land use and habitat mapping, in particular to confirm or update the habitats maps available at MEPA. • Meetings were held with relevant stakeholders during which the site was discussed and information as well as feedback was obtained. • Survey methodologies and details of the consultation carried out are described in detail in Chapter 2.
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A.1.3 FORMULATION OF MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
Compiled data is evaluated in Chapter 3, leading to the vision of the site with the help of a SWOT analysis as described in the equivalent sections.
The essence of conservation management is the ability to improve the weak features (weaknesses) and to control the negative factors (threats) impacting a particular feature or group of features, while enhancing the strengths and increasing the probability of the opportunities identified.
To aid the process a Prospects Matrix is employed. Principal features targeted for conservation are plotted against the ecological, social and institutional prospects that can be contemplated for them and for the site as a whole.
In Natura 2000 sites the ecological prospects are well defined and refer to:
• The natural habitat types listed in Annex I of the Habitats Directive • The species listed in Annex II of the Habitats Directive • The species listed in Annex I of the Birds Directive and migratory birds as per Article 4 of the Birds Directive • Other important species defined for the site.
Institutional and social prospects, such as archaeological elements, cultural elements and landscape value, are site specific and derived from the evaluation of the features (other than habitats and species) and the factors influencing the site. Ideally every issue identified in the SWOT analysis should appropriately fit in a cell of the Prospect Matrix so that a formula for addressing weaknesses and threats and building on strengths and opportunities can be later constructed.
A vision for the site is then created to summarise the ideal situation after a period of management of the protected area. The vision is based on the evaluation of the prospects that can be contemplated for each of the features and the factors identified for the site.
The vision is composed of discrete vision statements. Each vision statement corresponds to a line in the Prospect Matrix.
The above led to the formulation of the Management Objectives and, subsequently, Operational Objectives. The Management Objectives define the policies through which the vision will be achieved and are long-term objectives to be attained over a long period of time. For every Management Objective defined, a number of Operational Objectives are assigned.
The Operational Objectives are basically the objectives to which all the management work is directly related and are to be attainted during the 5-year period of the plan. The Operational Objectives also lay the groundwork for the Management Actions.
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A.1.4 FORMULATION OF MANAGEMENT ACTIONS
Operational Objectives are given a priority rating, based on urgency for addressing certain conservation problems (as they have been identified during the evaluation process) and subsequently lead to the formulation of Management Actions as described in Chapter 4. In most cases certain actions can be grouped together so that a more comprehensive final list of Management Actions is produced.
For each action a brief description is given together with expected results, priority ratings and foreseen constraints. For a number of Management Actions, some of which would be best implemented horizontally across sites, the aforementioned brief description is supplemented by specifications which are included in Annex 4. The specifications elaborate further on the needs of the implementation to facilitate future work.
A.1.5 WORK PLAN STRUCTURE AND REPORTING AND REVIEW PLAN
Prior to the Management Plan implementation a detailed Work Plan must be prepared by the relevant entity and site manager, on annual basis and reviewed at the end of each year, which makes clear what is expected to be achieved over specific periods of the plan and how much it will cost, as is indicated in Chapter 5.
To facilitate the elaboration of the Work Plan the following are provided:
• An indication of the financial resources needed annually for the implementation of each action. • The annual time schedule for the implementation of each action, checklist of the expected deliverables and year of delivery of each action and the entity proposed as responsible to deliver the actions.
In addition, cost recovery mechanisms are identified, both per site and horizontally, to facilitate securing resources for the subsequent implementation of the actions suggested within the Management Plan. These are included in Annex 5.
The management plan should be reviewed on an annual basis and given an in-depth review immediately after its five year period of validity, as indicated in Chapter 6. It is important to review the management plan on a regular basis since this:
• Makes clear whether or not all the objectives and targets are being achieved efficiently and effectively • Allows resource shifting and re-prioritisation if necessary • Assists forward planning for the following year or period, so that uncompleted projects can be added in and tasks re-timed in the light of experience.
To facilitate the five year revision plan and specifically to assist the evaluation of the effectiveness of the actions in achieving the objectives, a list of initial performance indicators is also provided.
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ANNEX 2 RELEVANT PLANNING POLICIES
A.2.1 STRUCTURE PLAN AND LOCAL PLAN POLICIES
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Table A-1: Structure Plan policies; L-inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti Str. Relevance to management Plan Description plan process Policy SET 11 No form of urban development will be permitted outside existing and committed built-up areas, and primary The management plan will development areas as designated in the Structure Plan even where roads and public utilities are available. Permitted take note of this policy. forms of non urban development outside such areas are restricted to the categories referred to in Paragraph 7.6 SET 12 Notwithstanding the policy against any form of urbanisation outside areas designated for urban uses in the Structure The management plan will Plan, the Planning Authority will consider applications for permission to develop which ostensibly infringe Policy SET take note of this policy. 11. In any such case the onus will be on the applicant to present evidence as to why the policy should be infringed, giving reasons why from a planning point of view such proposed use cannot be located in areas designated for development. The Planning Authority will additionally require the applicant to submit at his own expense a full Environmental Impact Assessment of a form and content satisfactory to the Authority. This policy is not a means of evading policy SET 11 or any other policy. An Environmental Impact Assessment which adequately demonstrates acceptable impacts will not be a reason for the granting of a development permit if the proposed use can be located in an area intended for its development under the Structure Plan or any subsequent approved Planning Authority document. BEN 5 Applications for development permits outside urban areas will be judged against the policies and design guidelines of The management plan will the Local Plans for Rural Conservation Areas, and in the interim period, to Structure Plan policies and the guidelines take note of this policy. contained in the Explanatory Memorandum. AHF 1 Major improvements in agriculture, horticulture, and fisheries will be encouraged, so that: The management plan area • The sector assists the overall economy of the country through reduced imports and increased exports includes agricultural land. • Better quality products are available to domestic consumers • The countryside land resource is used efficiently and does not become derelict • Food supplies are safeguarded in the event of natural, accidental, or deliberate calamities • The countryside is safeguarded for the benefit of future generations AHF 4 Soil conservation and soil saving measures will continue to be mandatory on all occasions. Soil replenishment Conserving soil is important measures will be adopted where there are suitable opportunities. both for agricultural reasons and for safeguarding of the existing landforms. The Ministry for Resources and Rural Affairs (PARK Unit) has a LIFE+ Nature project that aims at addressing this specific issue. The project
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Str. Relevance to management Plan Description plan process Policy title is ‘Soil stabilisation measures to protect Annex I habitats in Buskett-Girgenti Natura 2000 site’. AHF 8 Further measures will be developed to promote the reinstatement and maintenance of random rubble walls The management plan area throughout the countryside with priority given to walls alongside rural roads, and for the removal of visual intrusions. includes agricultural land. RCO 1 Rural Conservation Areas are designated as illustrated in the Key Diagram. Within such areas the following sub areas The management plan area will be designated, using World Conservation Union definitions and criteria where relevant: includes Areas of Ecological 1. Areas of Agricultural Value: areas comprised of high grade agricultural land including irrigated and partially irrigated Importance. land 2. Areas of Ecological Importance: relatively large areas designated to protect typical and rare habitats 3. Sites of Scientific Importance: sites containing individual species, groups of species, and geological features 4. Areas of Archaeological Importance: concentrations of valuable archaeological sites 5. Sites of Archaeological Importance: individual and/or isolated archaeological sites 6. National Parks: relatively large areas of national significance not materially altered by human use, with managed visitor access and amenities 7. Areas of High Landscape Value RCO 2 Within Rural Conservation Areas and in accordance with Policy SET 11 no form of urban development will be allowed. The management plan will However, in accordance with Policy BEN 5, applications for permission to develop structures or facilities essential to take note of this policy. agricultural, ecological, or scenic interests will be favourably considered as long as the proposed development does not infringe the principles set out in Policy RCO 4 as subsequently detailed in the relevant Local Plan (Policy RCO 3). See also Policies RCO 7 and 8. With regard to existing buildings and other structures in Rural Conservation Areas, and other rural areas, the overall aim is to improve the rural environment. To this end the rehabilitation and suitable change of use of some buildings will be permitted, in conjunction with the removal of other buildings and structures which adversely affect the rural environment. RCO 4 The Planning Authority will not permit the development of any structure or activity which in the view of the Authority The management plan will would adversely affect scenic value because it would: take note of this policy. 1. Break a presently undisturbed skyline 2. Visually dominate or disrupt its surroundings because of its mass or location 3. Obstruct a pleasant and particularly a panoramic view 4. Adversely affect any element of the visual composition - for example, cause the destruction or deterioration of traditional random stone walls
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Str. Relevance to management Plan Description plan process Policy 5. Adversely affect existing trees or shrubs 6. Introduce alien forms, materials, textures, or colours RCO 5 In Rural Conservation Areas, permission for the development of new or extended infrastructure (roads, reservoirs, The management plan will overhead electricity and telephone cables, pipelines, tipping sites, etc.) will only be given if the Planning Authority is take note of this policy. satisfied that all possible measures have been taken to mitigate the visual impact of the proposed development. RCO 6 Following the adoption of the Local Plans for Rural Conservation Areas, the Planning Authority will institute a The management plan area programme of enhancement and management in conjunction with the Ministry of Agriculture and the Secretariat of includes an area that has the Environment comprising: been afforested and which is 1. Afforestation and landscaping schemes now in a semi-natural state. 2. Rehabilitation of abandoned quarries There are plans for the 3. Reactivation of abandoned agricultural land, encouraging compatible methods of cultivation restoration and conservation 4. Reuse and conversion of rural buildings which are compatible with their scenic setting of the area and its different 5. Rehabilitation of degraded habitats features. 6. The encouragement of and provision of incentives for the relocation to appropriate existing or planned urban areas of structures and activities which are incompatible with the creation and maintenance of a high quality of rural environment. RCO 7 Structure Plan policies with respect to agriculture generally are set out in Policies AHF 1 to 13. In applying these The management plan will policies, particular attention will be paid to the needs of designated Areas of Agricultural Value and to their take note of this policy. importance in the resolution of conflicts with other rural interests in Local Plans. RCO 8 In Rural Conservation Areas, individual cultivators will be required to illustrate to the Planning Authority how any The management plan will planned agricultural development will not harm the ecological, archaeological, and scenic value of the Area. take note of this policy. RCO 9 In Rural Conservation Areas, individual cultivators will be required to put forward proposals to the Planning Authority The management plan area for the cultivation of abandoned or derelict agricultural plots and for the restitution of ecologically, archaeologically, includes agricultural land. or scenically valuable environments which have been degraded because of agricultural malpractice or neglect. Where scientifically important species have become established on abandoned agricultural land, they will be protected and no reversion to agriculture will be required. RCO 10 In identifying and designating Areas of Ecological The area includes forest Importance in Local Plans, one or more of the following habitat types must be present: remnants and semi natural 1. Permanent springs woodland. 2. Saline marshlands 3. Sand dunes 4. Forest remnants
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Str. Relevance to management Plan Description plan process Policy 5. Semi natural woodland 6. Natural freshwater pools and transitional coastal wetlands 7. Deep natural caves 8. Coastal cliffs 9. Representative examples of typical Maltese habitats such as Garrigue , maquis, valley sides, watercourses, and gently sloping rocky coasts. RCO 12 In Local Plans, the Planning Authority will give protection ratings to Areas of Ecological Importance and Sites of The management plan area Scientific Importance as follows: contains areas with different 1. LEVEL 1 zones will include important habitat types present only in small areas and/or sites with unique species or protection levels (see Table features 1). 2. LEVEL 2 zones will include important habitat types present in relatively large areas and/or sites with rare species or features 3. LEVEL 3 zones will include areas where control is necessary to preserve habitats/species/features in adjacent sites 4. LEVEL 4 zones will include habitats and/or features of general interest RCO 20 Positive action will be taken to rehabilitate identified areas of degraded habitat and landscape, and proposals from The management plan will Government agencies and non governmental bodies for rehabilitation schemes for these areas, provided that such take note of this policy. schemes do not conflict with other policies and/or regulations concerning these areas, will be supported subject to scrutiny and approval by competent experts. RCO 21 There is a general presumption against development in areas prone to erosion. The management plan will take note of this policy. RCO 22 Positive action will be taken to prevent further loss of sandy beaches, sand dunes, coastal clay slopes, soil, and cliff The management plan will edges. take note of this policy. RCO 24 Existing regulations concerning excavation and transport of sand and soil will continue. The management plan will take note of this policy. RCO 26 The removal of the vegetation cover from abandoned fields and derelict land without good reason will not be The management plan will permitted. take note of this policy. RCO 28 Valleys will continue to be protected as important water catchment areas. The management plan area includes a number of fertile valleys. RCO 29 No new physical development will normally be allowed on the sides of valleys and especially on valley watercourses The management plan area except for constructions aimed at preventing soil erosion and the conservation and management of water includes a number of fertile resources. Also: valleys.
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Str. Relevance to management Plan Description plan process Policy 1. Existing dams across valleys to conserve water resources will be repaired in preference to the construction of new dams. Dams will be built of durable materials and will be regularly maintained. 2. The Planning Authority will have regard to the possible detrimental effect of dredging works in valleys, and will seek to minimise the impact of such works, particularly by leaving the valley banks intact and by promoting selective dredging. 3. The Planning Authority will take positive action, in collaboration with the appropriate Government agencies, in order to prevent the dumping of domestic waste, building rubble, and other refuse into valleys. 4. The Planning Authority will take positive action to safeguard valleys for walking, cycling, and horseriding through the prohibition of vehicles, other than for agriculture and maintenance, and the establishment of car parks at valley edges RC0 30 There is a general presumption against the siting of afforestation projects where stable indigenous (native species) The management plan will natural vegetational communities are already established, but encouragement of the siting of afforestation projects take note of this policy. Il- on abandoned agricultural land and on derelict ground will be given. Buskett is a semi-natural woodland. RCO 31 Afforestation projects sites in non urban areas will make use only of indigenous and archaeophytic (brought by man in The management plan will prehistoric times, and now naturally occuring) species. The use of exotic (not native to the country) species will be take note of this policy. limited to urban areas. RCO 32 The planting of appropriate species of trees will be encouraged where they enhance the landscape, particularly along The management plan will roadsides, where they provide a screen to visually unattractive areas, and alongside footpaths where they provide take note of this policy. shade. Species which attract birds will be encouraged in suitable locations. RCO 33 Specified individual trees or groups of trees of aesthetic, historical, cultural, arboricultural, and/or scientific interest L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal- will be protected by means of Tree Preservation Orders which prohibit the uprooting, destruction, or damage to trees Girgenti is a Tree Protected growing in the wild and in public parks, gardens, and other spaces, or on private land, and regulate any other activity Area. The management plan which may cause harm or death of such trees. will take note of this policy. RCO 39 Educational programmes aimed at creating positive patterns of behaviour of individuals, groups, and of society as a The management plan will whole, towards the environment will be promoted. take note of this policy. RCO 41 The establishment of Field Centres by recognised educational institutions will be encouraged, and of interpretive The restoration of the Visitor Centres associated with Conservation Areas, providing that these are established in harmony with other Knights’ farmhouses at policies and regulations. Buskett will address this issue. ARC 2 In making the designations referred to in Policy ARC 1, the The site includes two Class B Planning Authority will give protection ratings as appropriate to local circumstances as follows: features: Ancient Quarries
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Str. Relevance to management Plan Description plan process Policy Class A: Top priority conservation. No development to be allowed which would adversely affect the natural setting of and a Punic Tomb. these monuments or sites. A minimum buffer zone of at least 100m around the periphery of the site will be established in which no development will be allowed. Class B: Very important to be preserved at all costs. Adequate measures to be taken to preclude any damage from immediate development. Class C: Every effort must be made for preservation, but may be covered up after proper investigation, documentation and cataloguing. Provision for subsequent access shall be provided. Class D: Belonging to a type known from numerous other examples. To be properly recorded and catalogued before covering or destroying. ARC 3 Applications for planning permission for development affecting ancient monuments and important archaeological The site includes the buffer areas and sites, including areas and sites having such potential, will normally be refused if there is an overriding case of an Area of Archaeological for preservation. Where there is no overriding case for Importance, Ancient Quarries preservation, development of such sites will not normally be permitted until adequate opportunities have been and a Punic Tomb. There are provided for the recording and, where desirable, the excavation of such sites. also other scheduled properties. ARC 5 Due to the concentrated high number of Class A archaeological remains at other sites besides those listed in ARC 4, The site includes part of the the Planning Authority will initiate investigations into the early designation of the following as Areas or Sites of Għar il-Kbir Area of Archaeological Importance: Archaeological Importance. 1. Il-Qiegha south of Fomm Ir-Rih Bay 2. Bingemma Gap north west of Rabat 3. Gebel Ciantar to Ghar il-Kbir south west of Siggiewi 4. Ghar Dalam area north of Birzebbugia
PUT 7 Water storage reservoirs shall either be located underground or be designed so as to blend to the maximum extent The management plan will with the landscape. take note of this policy.
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Table A-2: North West Local Plan policies; Rdumijiet ta’ Malta: L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti Relevance to Policy Description management plan process NWAG MEPA will continue to protect agricultural land from all types of inappropriate development. Within “Areas of The management plan area 1 Agricultural Value” as indicated on Map 4 only buildings, structures and uses essential to the needs of agriculture will be includes agricultural land. permitted and then only if it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of MEPA that they will not adversely affect water supplies, soil and landscape, and accord with all other policies within this Local Plan. Applications for development permission for agricultural related developments, which will result in the subdivision of land holdings, will not be permitted.
This will also apply to other land being cultivated for agricultural use and which in the opinion of MEPA (after consultation with the Department of Agriculture) has a realistic potential to be upgraded and sustainably improve its productivity. (This policy will not apply to such land where it is designated for other purposes in the Local Plan).
Improvements to existing agricultural land and buildings aimed at increased productivity will be favourably considered by MEPA providing they are well designed, efficient and contribute to rather than detract from the quality of the local and surrounding environment. NWAG The reclamation of abandoned or derelict land for agricultural purposes including viticulture or afforestation will be The management plan area 2 supported providing the land is not designated, protected or scheduled for other purposes in the Local Plan or, includes agricultural land. otherwise of ecological, scientific, landscape and/archaeological importance. NWMW Applications for development proposals involving the reuse of disused quarries may be considered favourably by MEPA. Quarrying is a dominant 1 Additionally, a number of quarries, which are likely to be exhausted over the plan period, have been identified for land use bordering the restoration and after use. Possible uses in rural areas include agricultural land, viticulture, afforestation, commercial SAC/SPA. Thus this policy orchards, nature conservation uses and informal recreation/tourist facilities, and possible other uses identified through will be taken into negotiation with MEPA. However, uses, which in the opinion of MEPA are not compatible with or create an adverse consideration during impact on the surrounding countryside, will not be permitted. management planning process as relevant. Some quarries are suitable for filling with excavation waste, which could form the first phase of site restoration. Submission and approval of a restoration plan shall be a prerequisite in all cases of quarry restoration. … CONTINUING QUARRY OPERATIONS
Location After use
vi. Ta’ l-Imsaqfa, A comprehensive plan shall be submitted for the reclamation and after use of the worked
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Relevance to Policy Description management plan process Siggiewi (1) area of the quarry for agricultural/nature conservation uses.
vii. Ta – Zuta, Siggiewi. A comprehensive plan shall be submitted for the reclamation and after use of the worked Zebbiegh (30) Ta’ quarry areas for agriculture, informal recreation/afforestation or nature conservation Dmejrek (31) Misrah il- uses. No industrial uses will be permitted. Hawt Quarry (4)
NWMW Where the quarries will remain in operation beyond the Local Plan period at Wied Filep Quarry (22), Naxxar and Tal- Ix-Xagħri, Siġġiewi quarry is 2 Macina Quarry (26) and Ix-Xaghri, Siggiewi (35), as indicated on Map 9, MEPA will encourage the operator to submit found 10m from L-Inħawi proposals for landscaping, mitigation measures and phased restoration schemes, in order to ensure the minimisation of tal-Buskett u tal-GIrgenti environmental impacts. SAC/SPA. Thus this policy will be taken into iii. Ix-Xaghri, Siggiewi The quarry will remain in operation beyond the Local Plan period and MEPA will ensure consideration during (35) landscaping, mitigation management planning measures and reclamation schemes are submitted by the operator to ensure the process as relevant. minimisation of environmental impacts.
NWTO MEPA will favourably consider the upgrading of existing tourist accommodation in rural areas, including coastal areas A permit for the 2 outside the development zone, provided the proposed development: rehabilitation of the dilapidated apart-hotel i. Has obtained the prior approval of the Malta Tourism Authority; 20m away from the ii. Is kept within the established curtilage of the tourist accommodation facility which has already been committed with SAC/SPA boundary was physical, legal development; granted. iii. Will not adversely affect the visual integrity of the existing building/s or the landscape character of the area; iv. The scale and mass of the proposed development will integrate positively with the surrounding environment; and v. Complies with established standards of access and off-street parking provision, coach parking facilities and alighting points.
The increase in the number of beds of existing tourist accommodation in rural areas, including coastal areas outside the development zone, will not normally be favourably considered by MEPA.
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Relevance to Policy Description management plan process The total re-development of existing tourist accommodation facilities in rural areas, including coastal areas outside the development zone, will only be considered in very exceptional cases where the new proposal is for a hotel and has a very high design quality and considerably improves the rural or coastal landscape. Even in such rare cases, the increase in the number of beds and/or the intensification of the existing uses will not normally be favourably considered. NWRE Major Recreation Areas are designated, as indicated on Map 10, at Burmarrad National Country Park, Il-Buskett, Marfa The management plan will 1 and Ta’ Qali Action Plan Areas. MEPA will encourage and support the creation of opportunities for recreation by the take note of this policy. preparation of Management and Action Area plans in conjunction with the range of public and private agencies involved. NWRE MEPA in conjunction with the appropriate agencies, will seek to establish a network of country parkways, coastal and L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal- 5 inland rights of way for footpaths, cycle routes and horse riding trails. Girgenti were earmarked for one of the proposed Country Parkways identified are indicated on Map 11 in the following locations:- country parkways in the North West Local Plan area. i. Linear parkways along the ridge of the Victoria and Dwejra Lines; ii. Linear river valley and lakes park from Ta’ Qali National Recreation Centre to Chadwick Lakes, along Wied il-Qlejgha; iii. Linear parkways along the western coastal cliffs joining L-Imtahleb to Fomm ir-Rih; iv. Il-Buskett to Wied il-Kbir; and v. Wied iz-Zurrieq to Ghar Lapsi.
Existing infrastructure in terms of roads, carriageways, rights of access and footpaths will be utilised wherever practical. This will reduce further impact on the natural environment.
Public access to the designated parkways must be safeguarded. The leasing or sale of government land must be prohibited within a 50m corridor on either side of proposed country parkways as measured to the nearest convenient permanent physical boundary. NWRE MEPA will encourage Local Councils to provide and maintain picnic areas in appropriate locations including specific Buskett already has a picnic 7 designated sites as indicated on Map 11 as follows: area and there is a LIFE+ i. Burmarrad National Country Park; project to upgrade the ii. Buskett; area. iii. Chadwick Lakes; iv. Ghar Lapsi v. Kennedy Grove; vi. Tat-Tomna, Mellieha
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Relevance to Policy Description management plan process vii. Ta' Qali Recreational Park; viii. Ta’ Ras il-Gebel, Mgarr; ix. Ta’ Darrenzi Woodland, Mgarr; x. Victoria Lines, and xi. Sites identified by Marfa Action Plan policy MRE 5.
Development permission of designated and any other additional picnic areas will be subject to the following criteria: - i. The design and layout shall have regard to the characteristics of the area in order to minimize any adverse effect on the character of the adjacent landscape; ii. The siting has no significant adverse impact on any scheduled, designated or protected area of ecological, scientific, visual, historic, archaeological or agricultural value; iii. Preference will be given to areas which are in public ownership and which currently are in a dilapidated state. Picnic areas will not be permitted within 10 metres of the coastline; iv. The site is well related to an existing highway/access and does not cause a traffic hazard, and off-road parking is provided; v. Details of washing and toilet facilities shall be submitted and approved together with the details of drainage and sewage disposal arrangements; vi. No static or touring caravans, tents or other temporary accommodation will be permitted; and vii. A landscape scheme is submitted and approved with any permit application, which shall be implemented in its entirety within the first planting season and thereafter maintained. NWTR MEPA will encourage proposals which will provide better facilities for pedestrians, cyclists and those with special L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal- 1 mobility needs and it will have particular regard to these considerations in the determination of planning applications. Girgenti include a cycling route which is part of the This Local Plan identifies specific areas within St Pauls Bay, Bugibba and Manikata for environmental improvements SIBIT (Sustainable aimed at pedestrians and these are indicated on the relevant Area Transport Strategy Maps 37 and 38. Interregional Bike Tourism) Project. The introduction of a network of cycle ways and footpaths will also be supported, particularly in the less hilly parts of the North West, such as Rabat, Dingli and St Paul’s Bay. NWTR For roads providing vehicle access to remote parts of the countryside and/or rural locations popular for leisure activities, The management plan will 4 improvements will be permitted only if it can be shown to the satisfaction of MEPA that increased visitor traffic will not take note of this policy. result in further degradation of the rural environment. NWLA 1 Designated areas of scenic, cultural and scientific importance will be protected, maintained and enhanced through the The management plan will exercise of strict control over development and the introduction of countryside management measures. Emphasis will take note of this policy.
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Relevance to Policy Description management plan process be given to their appreciation by the community and promotion of their qualities. NWLA 2 MEPA will not permit the development of any inappropriate structures or activities which in the opinion of the Authority The management plan will would adversely affect designated (or future designations), Areas of High Landscape Value at Buskett, Chadwick Lakes, take note of this policy. Coastal Cliffs, Mdina, or Victoria Lines, as indicated on Map 17. NWCO Sites of Scientific Importance (Geological) are designated to regulate conservation in accordance with Section 46 of the The management plan area 3 Development Planning Act (1992), and development will only be permitted where it accords with specific criteria for includes a Level 1 and Level SSI’s Level 1 – 4 as stated below: 2 SSI in the Buskett Gardens area. i. Level 1. No development will be permitted and access will be limited except for necessary rehabilitation works and to enhance the educational use of the area without damaging the features being protected; ii. Level 2. Permission will only be granted for the maintenance of existing structures and construction of minor amenities such as footpaths and nature trials designed to enhance the educational use of the area; iii. Level 3. Permission may be granted for small-scale informal recreation development subject to a satisfactory Environmental Impact Assessment being undertaken and approved by MEPA; iv. Level 4. Permission will only be granted for small-scale development provided that no suitable alternative locations exist and features of geological and scientific interest are protected. A satisfactory Environmental Impact Assessment is to be undertaken and approved by MEPA. NWCO Areas and sites of Archaeological Importance, as indicated on Map 18, are designated to regulate their conservation in The site includes Ix-Xagħra 4 accordance with Section 46 of the Development Planning Act (1992), and development will only be permitted where it ta’ Għar il-Kbir Area of accords with specific criteria for SSIs Level 1- 4 as stated in this policy. Archaeological Importance. This will be kept into Protection Rating CLASS A consideration during the management planning No development will be permitted which would adversely affect the monument or site or its setting. A minimum buffer process as relevant. zone of at least 100m around the periphery of the site will be established in which no such development will be allowed.
Locations of Class A Archaeological Sites.
1. Megaliths, Mgarr 2. Roman Building, Mgarr 3. Neolithic Temple, San Pawl Il-Bahar 4. Neolithic Tombs, San Pawl Il-Bahar 5. Temple and Settlement, Mgarr
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Natura 2000 Management Plan
Relevance to Policy Description management plan process 6. Neolithic Temple, Mgarr 7. Prehistoric Depression, Mellieha 8. Roman Baths, Mgarr 9. Bronze Age Settlement, Siggiewi 10. Cart Ruts, Siggiewi 11. Catacomb and Tombs, Mgarr 12. Roman/Medieval Cave, Rabat 13. Ancient Cave, Siggiewi 14. Roman/Christian Tomb, Mgarr 15. Punico-Roman Building, Siggiewi 16. Neolithic Temple, Naxxar 17. Punico-Roman Villa, San Pawl Il-Bahar 18. Cart Ruts, Siggiewi 19. Cart Ruts, Naxxar 20. Catacomb, Siggiewi 21. Temple, Qrendi 22. Temple, Qrendi 23. Prehistoric Water Cisterns, Qrendi 24. Bronze Age Settlement, San Pawl Il-Bahar 25. Catacombs, Naxxar 26. Settlement, Rabat 27. Villa, Sanctuary and Quarry, Rabat 28. Neolithic Temple, Rabat 29. Punico-Roman Wall, Rabat 30. Bronze Age – Present City, Mdina 31. Roman Building, Mdina 32. Roman Remains, Mdina 33. Punico - Early Christian Catacombs, Rabat 34. Early Christian Catacombs, Rabat 35. Roman - Early Christian Catacombs, Rabat 36. Early Christian Catacomb, Rabat 37. Neolithic Temple, San Pawl Il–Bahar
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Relevance to Policy Description management plan process Protection Rating CLASS B
No development will be permitted which would adversely affect the monument or site or its natural setting. A buffer zone of at least 50 m will be identified, its size dependent on the level of protection appropriate to the specific site or area, in which no such development will be allowed.
Protection Rating CLASS C
No development will be permitted within the site or area of archaeological importance until the applicant has submitted a written scheme of investigation, which has been approved by the Superintendence of Cultural Heritage. Adequate opportunities must be provided for the recording and, where necessary, the excavation of such sites. Before a permit is issued, agreement must be reached to cover provision for detailed ground and structural surveys, excavation in advance of development, the conservation of remains in-situ, and on the carrying out of a monitoring report as the development proceeds. Provision for subsequent access and presentation of the area or site shall be made. NWCO Areas of Ecological Importance (AEIs) and Sites of Scientific Importance (SSIs) are designated to regulate their The management plan area 6 conservation in accordance with Section 46 of the Development Planning Act 1992 and development will only be includes Level 1 and Level 2 permitted in accordance with the level of protection required within the appropriate grading. SSI in the Buskett Gardens area. General Protection will apply as follows: - i. No inappropriate development to the rural countryside will be permitted. However, suitable maintenance of existing To date, Wied ta’ l-Isqof, structures and construction of minor amenities designed to enhance the conservation or educational use of any area Ġnien il-Kbir and Ta’ may be permitted. Supervised visits to sites of natural importance will be encouraged in Clotilde (Siġġiewi) have not order to increase public awareness; been designated as Areas ii. no development activities that are likely to be a fire risk to trees and wooded areas will be allowed; of Ecological Importance. iii. no development where noxious emissions, effluents or waste are likely to create an adverse impact on nearby AEIs or SSIs will be allowed. iv. The removal of intrusive elements and alien species in a manner compatible with conservation; and the inclusion of buffer zones to further the protection of AEIs and SSIs.
Level 1 AEIs and SSIs (Ecological)
No development will be permitted and access will be limited except to enhance the educational use of the area whilst not damaging the features being protected and for necessary rehabilitation works.
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Relevance to Policy Description management plan process
Locations of Level 1 Ecological Sites …
V Wied ta’ l-Isqof, Gnien il-Kbir W Ghajn il-Kbira/Girgenti X Buskett area and Wied il-Luq Y Ta’ Clotilde/… (Siggiewi)
Level 2 AEIs and SSIs (Ecological)
Permission will only be granted for the maintenance of existing structures, covered by a permit and construction of minor amenities where permissible, designed to enhance the educational and recreational use of the area (e.g. narrow footpaths, nature trails and small scale visitor centres).
Level 3 AEIs and SSIs (Ecological)
No residential, industrial, commercial, tourism development, infrastructure or public utility works will be permitted. A satisfactory environmental impact assessment is to be undertaken and approved by MEPA.
Level 4 AEIs and SSIs (Ecological)
Permission will only be granted for small-scale development provided that no suitable alternative locations exist and features of ecological and scientific interest are protected. A satisfactory environmental planning statement is to be undertaken and approved by MEPA.
NWCO MEPA will encourage small scale development proposals that support visits by the public to appropriate sites for The Ministry for Resources 7 educational purposes in order to increase awareness of the importance of the Islands heritage. and Rural Affairs started the restoration of the Proposals, which through proper management and interpretation can preserve/conserve the cultural, recreational, Knight’s farmhouse (Razzett ecological, educational and tourist potential of the built and natural heritage sites will be supported and promoted. tal-Għorof) which was proposed to serve for site Sites for public presentation must be well managed and subject to the following objectives and criteria: - management and
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Relevance to Policy Description management plan process education purposes. i. the development has minimal adverse visual impact or other impact on the character or setting of the site; MEPA’s Ecosystems ii. the development does not damage or otherwise adversely affect the cultural or natural heritage value of the site; Management Unit iii. in appropriate areas, the regeneration or reintroduction of indigenous plants and animals and their habitats; recommended that the use iv. visitor education through sign posting/way marking, interpretation boards and permanent exhibitions, e.g. visitor of the Razzett tal-Għorof centres (utilising existing buildings wherever possible); would be established v. adequate and safe access for visitors to the site and where appropriate, provision for vehicle parking which does not following the management adversely affect the setting of the site; planning process for the vi. visitors are managed according to the carrying capacity or resilience of each site, so as to minimize visitor impact on Natura2000 site. the site, and vii. there is no conflict with other policies of this Local Plan (especially those for the protection of the rural environment).
The Plan identifies the following sites, which need immediate protection and enhancement, and puts forward detailed policies listed against these sites in order to secure proper mangement.
Country Parkways and Footpaths - Policy NWRE 5 & 6 NWCO The area of sanctuaries for birds within the existing Nature Reserves at l-Ghadira, Is-Simar and Ta’ Qali will be enlarged. L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal- 8 MEPA will initiate and support the establishment of managed nature reserves as indicated on Map 18 based on areas of Girgenti include two bird ecological sanctuaries. importance and/or sites of scientific importance and will seek to enter into management agreements with the landowners, local councils, non-government organisations and others to ensure the long-term protection and enhancement of such reserves.
No development of any kind will be permitted within the boundary except for suitable maintenance of existing structures and construction of minor amenities designed to enhance the conservation or educational use of the area. NWCO Development will only be permitted in accordance with the Level of Protection Zones as set out below and as indicated The site includes Aquifer 9 on Map 19. Protection Zones. This will be kept into consideration Well Head Protection during the management No development or activity shall be permitted within 10 metres of borehole rooms or the discharge point of springs. planning process as New borehole rooms shall be constructed in natural materials with raised working platforms to ensure that no surface relevant. water run-off can enter the water discharge point.
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Relevance to Policy Description management plan process
Inner Protection Zone Development will only be permitted within 500 metres of public boreholes, underground gallery systems of springs and pumping stations, or dry valleys and dolines that contribute to the natural recharge of aquifers that are tapped for drinking water purposes (Inner Protection Zone) subject to the following criteria:- i. prior approval of the Water Services Corporation and the Water Directorate of the Malta Resource Authority; ii. the development can be connected to the public sewer system. Cess pools or septic tanks will be prohibited; iii. provision for the collection of run-off water from all new roads, particularly in the immediate vicinity of water discharge points; iv. the provision of adequate collection areas for waste material; v. the preservation of a sufficient rock layer above the ground water table, and vi. the submission of a satisfactory Environmental Planning Statement.
The following development or activity will not be permitted within the Inner Protection Zone:- 1. live stock breeding or rearing; 2. proposed new or extensions to existing mineral workings; 3. industrial uses; and 4. landfill or waste collection centres, refuse dumps, scrapyards, petrol stations and communal cesspools.
Aquifer Protection Zone Development will be permitted within the Aquifer Protection Zone as indicated on Map 19 subject to the following criteria:- a) the connection to a public sewer system or sealed cesspool. Septic tanks will be prohibited; b) where the development involves or includes a road, adequate provision shall be made for the collection and storage of run-off water, particularly in the immediate vicinity of water discharge points; c) the provision of adequate collection areas for waste material; d) the preservation of a sufficient rock layer above the ground water table; e) industrial development will not be permitted in the vicinity of public boreholes, underground gallery systems of springs and pumping dolines which contribute to the natural recharge of aquifers which are tapped for drinking water purposes; f) the prohibition of disposal of harmful effluents into the sewer system; g) at agricultural establishments, the provision of a proper collection system, adequate storage, containment of manure
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Relevance to Policy Description management plan process and animal slurry including the submission of a suitable waste management plan for the whole operation; h) livestock breeding and rearing will not be permitted in doline areas or in quarries; and i) the provision of storage facilities for inorganic fertilisers on farming and agriculture developments. NWCO Woodland Conservation Areas are designated, as illustrated on Map 20, for protection and no development will be The management plan area 10 permitted, which in the opinion of MEPA, will be detrimental to the ecosystem of these areas. includes riparian woodland remnants and a long term MEPA in conjunction with the relevant government agencies, NGOs and land owners, will encourage the planting and afforestation site. maintenance of indigenous trees in Woodland Conservation Areas unless this is deemed to be detrimental to the forest remnants or established maquis and woodland areas or other natural habitats. The use of woodland for passive recreation activities will be encouraged. Planting shall aim at an ecological approach to the sites and shall be in accordance with the Supplementary Planning Guidance on “Trees, Shrubs and Plants for Planting and Landscaping in the Maltese Islands”.
MEPA will support and protect potential sites identified by PARK Department for development and management as Areas of Afforestation, in order to safeguard future options and prevent inappropriate allocation and use of the land.
Woodland Conservation Areas are listed below- Woodland Remnants Gnien il-Kbir Wied il-Girgenti
Afforestation projects are listed below- Long Term Buskett NWCO Permission may be granted for the change of use and conversion of existing buildings of architectural or historic merit, The Ministry for Resources 12 with architectural features and/or a degree of antiquity which warrants its retention; or which comprise part of a and Rural Affairs started traditional group of buildings, which may have become redundant whose form and design, in the opinion of MEPA, the restoration of the represent a feature worthy of retention. The proposed scheme of conversion must maintain and enhance the existing Knight’s farmhouses which setting, and be no more conspicuous than the existing buildings, subject to the following criteria: will be used for site i. The use of a building once converted must not adversely affect neighbouring property or cause undue interference management and with the management of surrounding farmland; education purposes. ii. If the proposed change of use is for residential purposes, then the original structure should have a minimum total floor area of not less than 100m² and not more than 200m² measured externally;
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Relevance to Policy Description management plan process iii. The building to be converted must be in a structural condition such that it is capable of conversion without substantial rebuilding. MEPA will require in each case a detailed structural survey as part of the development permit application, with a clear indication at the outset of any sections of the building which require demolition and rebuilding; iv. The conversion must have only a minimal effect on the overall appearance and traditional character of the building. In particular, the existing openings should be used. New openings (door and windows) should be kept to a minimum, and respect existing void to solid ratio, in order to reflect the character of the original building; v. The traffic generated by the proposed use must not create an adverse effect on the highway network and on site parking must be provided; vi. Provision must be made for services, including the disposal of foul sewage, to the satisfaction of MEPA, and the appropriate Government agencies; and vii. MEPA may impose a condition on any permission granted that would remove permitted development rights under the Schedule of the Development Notification Order of 2001, in order to protect the character of the building.
New uses, which provide public access, are preferred unless this would be detrimental to the amenity of the surrounding area. NWCO Wherever possible, MEPA will protect areas of garrigue as indicated on Map 22, from activities that create adverse L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal- 13 impact. The illegal deposit of soil, or the use for off-roading on such areas will not be permitted. Off-roading has been Girgenti management plan identified as a problematic issue within the SAC. area includes areas of Garrigue particularly to the northern and the southern boundaries. NWCO In accordance with Structure Plan Policy AHF 8, MEPA will encourage the appropriate Government agencies including The management plan will 14 the Department of Agriculture and Local Councils, to promote a Grant Scheme to assist farmers and landowners to take note of this policy. reinstate and maintain random rubble walls throughout the countryside with priority given to walls alongside rural roads and tracks, and the removal of visual intrusions, provided that the alignment of existing rubble walls is retained. There will be a strong presumption against widening of countryside roads, carriageways or footpaths.
All Giren (Corbelled Stone Huts) within the Local Plan area, are protected pending their official scheduling under Section 46 of the Development Planning Act. In the interim, all such structures shall be afforded the same protection as Grade 1 scheduled property under Structure Plan Policy UCO 7. The SAC includes rural structures like the Giren (Corbelled Stone Huts). NWCO MEPA will establish, in conjunction with the appropriate agencies, those areas of land suitable for a Countryside The management plan will 15 Management approach and introduce, wherever possible, a programme to reconcile land use, enhance environmental take note of this policy.
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Relevance to Policy Description management plan process conservation and provide improved accessibility for public enjoyment.
Areas identified in this Local Plan include – Burmarrad National Country Park, Il-Buskett, Marfa Action Plan Area, Ta’Qali Action Plan Area, Country Parkways, Long Distance Footpaths. Victoria Lines, Chadwick Lakes and Environs. Fort Campbell, Wied il-Ghasel Valley, Naxxar. NWBU The area indicated on Map 10, is identified as the Il-Buskett Action Plan area, as defined under Section 26 of the The Buskett Action Plan 1 Development Planning Act (1992). area coincides with one of the bird sanctuaries within the SAC/SPA.
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A.2.2 CONSERVATION ORDER
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ANNEX 3 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY OF CONSERVATION STATUS
The assessment of Conservation Status of habitats and species was done in accordance with methodology provided by the Competent Authority, the Malta Environment and Planning Authority (MEPA).
Table A-3 illustrates each of the parameters that were evaluated individually and were then used to establish the overall Conservation Status for each habitat type at each Natura 2000 site. The table presents the evaluation matrix for this assessment. The evaluated parameters are Area, Structure and Function (including typical species) and Future Prospects (in terms of area covered, structure and function). Typical species were identified with reference to Article 17 reporting sheets for the Maltese Islands and the European Commission’s Interpretation Manual of European Habitats Eur 27 (2007). Habitat evaluation was based on surveys carried out between 2012 and 2013, during which all Natura 2000 sites were visited; desk-top research and expert judgement were also used. The level of confidence in the habitats assessment is generally considered to be moderate.
Table A-4 presents the methodology for evaluation of parameters relevant in the assessment of species; the parameters are Range, Size of Population, Habitat for the Species, and Future Prospects (including range, population, its sustainability and habitat availability). Although during the habitat surveys Annex II species were actively noted, no specific species surveys were carried out. Instead, particularly for Annex II fauna, existing data and expert judgement provided the basis for the evaluation. In many cases, however, insufficient data was available that did not allow for a robust evaluation. In such cases, the Conservation Status was defined as Indeterminate. Due to the lack of data, most Annex II species evaluations were carried out with a low to moderate (in the case of some plants) level of confidence.
Table A-4 was also used to evaluate the conservation status of Annex I birds, breeding birds and migratory birds listed in the Birds Directive. The evaluations carried out on Annex I breeding seabirds were carried out with a high level of confidence given the fact that they were based on trend data for the most part spanning over approximately 25 years (data provided by John J Borg). Evaluations of other birds were carried out with a moderate level of confidence.
It is noted that the evaluation of all Annex I habitats and Annex II species was carried out at site level. Despite this, however, where necessary, the evaluation identifies scenarios where nation-wide data is required in order to obtain a more robust understanding at site level e.g. in the case of bats. Also, even though assessment was carried out at site level, expert judgement and associated desk-top and field surveys included an element of comparison to examples of each habitat-type at various sites. It should also be noted that Favourable Reference Values (FRVs), against which certain parameters used to evaluate habitats and species should be assessed, have not yet been assigned in the Maltese Islands. To reiterate, therefore, all evaluations have been undertaken in the absence of FRVs, and based largely on expert judgement.
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Table A-3: Evaluating the current condition of a habitat type Parameter / Description of Parameter Description of Current Condition Criterion
Favourable Unfavourable – Inadequate Unfavourable – Bad (green / A) (amber / B) (red / C)
Area The area occupied by the habitat type. The area of the habitat is Any other condition other than The area has significantly Evaluation of area includes consideration stable in the long-term or A or C. deteriorated in coverage or of: increasing (based on current decreasing or may decrease due area, previous records or This category could be: to significant pressures and • current area evidence on site or, in the threats. • previous distribution, if available, which case of increasing area, the • B1 if the condition of the may indicate changes or stability in the presence of factors area is inadequate but This category could be: area and any correlation with factors contributing to the increase) improving • evidence on site that the area has • B2 if the condition of the • C1 if the condition of the area changed or is stable or is occupying its area is inadequate and stable is bad but improving full potential • B3 if the condition of the • C2 if the condition of the area • presence of factors which may be area is inadequate and is bad and stable influencing the current area at present deteriorating* • C3 if the condition of the area (e.g. encroaching agricultural land, is bad and deteriorating* competing habitat) (This evaluation is based on current area, previous records (This evaluation is based on or evidence on site or presence current area, previous records of factors contributing to a or evidence on site or presence change in area (positively in the of factors contributing to a case of B1 and negatively in the change in area (positively in the case of B3) case of C1 and negatively in the case of C3) Structure & The structure of a given habitat type can be The structure (including Any other condition other than More than 25% of the area is in function compared with the data of the EU typical species) and function A or C. a bad condition with regard to (including Interpretation Manual, the associated (including ecological its structure and function typical PHYSIS interpretations and the requirements) of the habitat This category could be: (including typical species) species) interpretation of each habitat (and its is in good condition, no typical species) provided at Malta’s significant deteriorations • B1 if the condition of the This category could be:
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Parameter / Description of Parameter Description of Current Condition Criterion national level through Malta’s reporting are experienced and no structure and function is sheets for Article 17. Not all typical species pressures are present. inadequate but improving • C1 if the condition of listed therein need to be present at the site • B2 if the condition of the structure and function is bad for the habitat to be interpreted as such. structure and function is but improving inadequate and stable • C2 if the condition of the Function refers to the ecological processes • B3 if the condition of the structure and function is bad and capacity of the habitat to maintain its structure and function is and stable structure. inadequate and • C3 if the condition of the deteriorating* structure and function is bad Typical species , as defined above, are also and deteriorating* included in this assessment. In order to (This evaluation is based on the assess the overall condition of the typical structure (including typical (This evaluation is based on the species consideration can be given to species) and function (including structure (including typical typical species richness, coverage of the ecological requirements) of the species) and function (including ruderals, ermes, invasive plant species and habitat and presence of ecological requirements) of the degree of interfloral competition affecting pressures or threats). habitat and presence of the area covered by the habitat. pressures or threats). Future Capacity and probability of the habitat type The habitat prospects for its Any other condition other than The habitat prospects are bad, prospects (as concerned on the site in question to future are excellent / good, A or C. with severe impacts from regards area maintain its structure for the future, given with no significant impacts threats expected. The long-term covered, on the one hand the possible unfavourable from threats expected. The This category could be: viability is not assured. structure & influences and on the other hand all the long-term viability is also function) reasonable conservation effort which is assured. • B1 if the future prospects are This category could be: possible. inadequate but improving • C1 if the future prospects are • B2 if the c future prospects bad but improving are inadequate and stable • C2 if the future prospects are • B3 if the future prospects are bad and stable inadequate and • C3 if the future prospects are deteriorating* bad and deteriorating* OVERALL CONDITION If the condition of all If the condition of one or more If the condition of one or more parameters is evaluated as parameters is Unfavourable- parameters is Unfavourable- favourable (green/A), then Inadequate (amber/B) and Bad (red/C) , then the overall the overall condition of the none of the parameters is condition of the habitat is
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Parameter / Description of Parameter Description of Current Condition Criterion habitat is FAVOURABLE evaluated as Unfavourable-Bad UNFAVOURABLE –BAD (red/C). (green/A). (red/C) , then the overall condition of the habitat is UNFAVOURABLE – INADEQUATE (amber/B) . * If one does not wish to assign a sub-category to this conservation status assessment, it would be sufficient to have a reasonably good justification from which this can be extracted by the reader. Source: MEPA
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Table A-4: Evaluating the current condition of a species Parameter / Description of Parameter Description of Current condition Criterion
Favourable Unfavourable – Inadequate Unfavourable – Bad (green / A) (amber / B) (red / C)
Range Area over which a species is usually to be The range should be stable Any other condition other than Large decline in the range (or found in the protected area being or increasing and must not A or C evidence of loss from one year considered, and shows outer limits of the be contracting (based on to the next), which is foreseen overall area in which the species is found at current range, previous This category could be: to have a significant impact on present. Useful information to assess range records or evidence on site the survival of the species / includes: or, in the case of increasing • B1 if the condition of the population range, the presence of range is inadequate but • current range factors contributing to the improving This category could be: • previous records, if available, which may increase) • B2 if the condition of the indicate changes or stability in the range range is inadequate is and • C1 if the condition of the and any correlation with factors; stable range is bad but improving • evidence on site that the range has • B3 if the condition of the • C2 if the condition of the changed or is stable/at its full potential range is inadequate and range is bad and stable • presence of factors (such as abiotic deteriorating* • C3 if the condition of the factors) which may be influencing the range is bad and current range at present or in the future. (This evaluation is based on deteriorating* • range required for viability of species, current range, previous records including consideration of connectivity or evidence on site or presence (This evaluation is based on of factors contributing to a current range, previous records change in range (positively in or evidence on site or presence the case of B1 and negatively in of factors contributing to a the case of B3) change in range (positively in the case of C1 and negatively in the case of C3)
Size of The following information is commonly The size of the population is Any other condition other than Large decline in the size of the population needed for each species: maintained or increasing A or C population and reproduction, • estimate of the population size and reproduction, mortality mortality and age structure are
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Parameter / Description of Parameter Description of Current condition Criterion • unit used to express population size and age structure are This category could be: significantly affecting the long- maintained at a healthy term viability of the species. Examples of units commonly used are given balance. Maintenance • B1 if the population size is below: should be at the minimum inadequate but improving This category could be: • number of individuals or estimation necessary to ensure long- • B2 if the population size is thereof - (normally adult individuals) - As term viability of the species. inadequate is and stable • C1 if the population size is for vascular plant species, it is possible to • B3 if the population size is bad but improving count/estimate the number of flowering inadequate and • C2 if the population size is plants only and/or to exclude seedlings. deteriorating* bad and stable For vegetatively reproducing plants, • C3 if the population size is either tufts/clumps or individual shoots bad and deteriorating* or rosettes may be regarded as ‘individuals’. • area covered by population - estimation of the total area covered by the species, expressed in m2; • number of localities - a geographical area inhabited by a set of individuals which are able to reproduce or occur on a long- term basis and cover continuous space in a given period. ‘Continuous space’ means a portion of the territory with suitable biotic and abiotic conditions for the long- term occurrence of the species delimited by natural or artificially made ecological barriers, possibly also by social relationships or by some length of distance. Habitat for Area thought suitable for the species, both Area of the habitat is Any other condition other than Area of the habitat is clearly not the species currently occupied and currently sufficiently large, stable or A or C sufficiently large to ensure the unoccupied but suitable. The abiotic increasing and sufficient long term survival of the species features and structure of the habitat and good quality habitat exists This category could be: OR habitat quality is bad, clearly biological requirements of the species to support the population in not allowing long term survival
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Parameter / Description of Parameter Description of Current condition Criterion should be taken into consideration as much the long term. • B1 if the habitat for the of the species. as possible. species is inadequate but improving This category could be: Pollinators, predators, symbionts and • B2 if the habitat for the fructivores of the species should be taken species is inadequate is and • C1 if the habitat for the into consideration where relevant. stable species is bad but improving • B3 if the habitat for the • C2 if the habitat for the species is inadequate and species is bad and stable deteriorating* • C3 if the habitat for the species is bad and deteriorating*
Future Capacity and probability of the species The species prospects for its Any other condition other than The species prospects are bad prospects (as concerned in the site in question to future are excellent / good, A or C or its future, with severe regards maintain its population dynamics and the with no significant impacts influence of pressures and range, availability of its habitat, given on the one from threats and pressures This category could be: threats expected. The long-term population, hand the possible unfavourable influences expected. The long-term viability is not assured. including its and on the other hand all the reasonable viability is also assured. • B1 if the future prospects are long-term conservation effort which is possible. inadequate but improving This category could be: sustainability • B2 if the c future prospects and habitat are inadequate and stable • C1 if the future prospects are availability) • B3 if the future prospects are bad but improving inadequate and • C2 if the future prospects are deteriorating* bad and stable • C3 if the future prospects are bad and deteriorating*
If the condition of all If the condition of one or more If the condition of one or more parameters is evaluated as parameters is Unfavourable- parameters is Unfavourable- favourable (green/A), then Inadequate (amber/B) and none Bad (red/C) , then the overall the overall condition ofr the of the parameters is evaluated condition of the habitat is habitat is FAVOURABLE as Unfavourable-Bad (red/C) , UNFAVOURABLE –BAD (red/C) ,. (green/A). then the overall condition of the
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Parameter / Description of Parameter Description of Current condition Criterion habitat is UNFAVOURABLE – INADEQUATE (amber/B) . * If one does not wish to assign a sub-category to this conservation status assessment, it would be sufficient to have a reasonably good justification from which this can be extracted by the reader. Source: MEPA
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ANNEX 4 SPECIFICATIONS OF MANAGEMENT ACTIONS
A.4.1 GUIDELINES FOR STANDARD MONITORING PLANS FOR ANNEX I HABITATS AND ANNEX II SPECIES OF THE HABITATS DIRECTIVE AND ANNEX I SPECIES OF THE BIRDS DIRECTIVE
This section provides concise guidelines as regards the scope, the preparatory actions the requirements and deliverables of this action.
The Management Plan (MP) has identified the need for the establishment of a National monitoring programme applicable to the Maltese Islands Annex I habitats and Annex II species of the Habitats Directive and Annex I birds of the Birds Directive and a number of other relevant bird species (see Table A-5 and Table A-6). This monitoring programme consists of the development of standard monitoring plans specific for each habitat and species and the subsequent application of them in the field. The design of the standard monitoring plans will build on the habitat/species conservation assessment work carried during the development of the Management Plans for the terrestrial Natura 2000 sites. The elaboration of the monitoring plans is a once for all action and it is independent of any other action foreseen in the MPs. This task is a responsibility of ERA in connection with the habitats and species of the Habitats Directive listed in the tables below and the Wild Birds Regulation Unit with the Parliamentary Secretariat for Agriculture, Fisheries and Animal Rights in connection with the bird species listed in the table below and it will be accomplished within the first two years of the MP implementation in order to allow for the subsequent implementation and field testing of the monitoring plans, ideally within the last three years of the first MP period. This monitoring programme will ensure that data continues to be collected and that the data gathered over the MP period informs the re-assessment of the Conservation Status of habitats and species after the first planning period (5 years). Moreover, the data gathered will be used to determine Favourable Reference Values for garrigue and steppe habitats and for four Annex II plant species ( Elatine gussonei , Ophrys melitensis , Anacamptis urvilleana and Linaria pseudolaxiflora ) (see Table A-7).
Table A-5: Maltese Islands Annex I Habitats and Annex II Species to be monitored
Code Name
Annex I habitats
1150 Coastal lagoons 1170 Reefs 1210 Annual vegetation of drift lines 1240 Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp. 1310 Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand 1410 Mediterranean salt meadows ( Juncetalia maritimi ) 1420 Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs ( Sarcocornetea fruticosi ) 1510 Mediterranean salt steppes ( Limonietalia ) 2110 Embryonic shifting dunes
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Code Name
2210 Crucianellion maritimae fixed beach dunes 2220 Dunes with Euphorbia terracina 3140 Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. 3170 Mediterranean temporary ponds 5230 Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis 5330 Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub 5410 West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas ( Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae ) 5420 Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas 5430 Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio-Verbascion 6220 Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea 8210 Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 8310 Caves not open to the public 8330 Submerged or partially submerged sea caves 9320 Olea and Ceratonia forests 9340 Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests 9540 Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines 9570 Tetraclinis articulata forests 92A0 Salix alba and Populus alba galleries 92D0 Southern riparian galleries and thickets ( Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae )
Annex II Species
P Anacamptis urvilleana P Cremnophyton lanfrancoi P Crepis pusilla P Elatine gussonei P Hyoseris frutescens P Helichrysum melitense P Ophrys melitensis P Linaria pseudolaxiflora P Orobanche densiflora P Palaeocyanus crassifolius P Petalophyllum ralfsii P Riella helicophylla I Armadillidium ghardalamensis I Brachytrupes megacephalus I Lampedusa imitratix I Lampedusa melitensis I Myrmecophilus baronii
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Code Name
I Pseudoseriscius cameroni F Aphanius fasciatus R Zamenis situla M Myotis punicus 1 M Rhinolophus hipposideros
Table A-6: Maltese Islands Bird Species to be monitored Other relevant Resident/ birds in Name Breeding Wintering connection visitors with Article 4 Tachybaptus ruficollis √ √ Hydrobates pelagicus √ Puffinus yelkouan √ Calonectris diomedea √ Aythya nyroca √ Accipitridae (Aquila pomarina, Pernis apivorus, Milvus migrans, Circus aeruginosus, Circus √ pygargus, Accipiter nisus) and Pandion haliaetus Falconidae (Falco peregrinus, Falco vespertinus, F.naumanni, F.biarmicus, F. eleonorae, √ F.subbuteo, F. tinnunculus) Ixobrychus minutus √ Himantopus himantopus √ Gallinula chloropus √ Fulica atra √ Alcedo atthis √ Wetland birds –staging (Phoenicopterus ruber, Platalea leucorodia, Pluvialis apricaria, Gallinago media, Philomachus pugnax, Porzana √ porzana, Plegadis falcinellus, Tringa glareola, Charadrius alexandrinus, Actitis hypoleucos) Charadrius dubius √ Larus michahellis √ Gulls/Terns (Larus melanocephalus, Larus √ genei, Sterna caspia) Calandrella brachydactyla √
1 The species referred to ub the Annexes of the Habitats Directive is Myotis blythii s.l. Recent taxonomic data has divided this taxon into different species. The Maltese Myotis blythii s.l. is now considered as Myotis punicus . Consequently, Myotis punicus is still considered as an Annex II species.
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Other relevant Resident/ birds in Name Breeding Wintering connection visitors with Article 4 Acrocephalus scirpaceus √ Cisticola juncidis √ Monticola solitarius √ Sylvia melanocephala √ Sylvia conspicillata √ Passeriformes (Cettia cetti, Hirundo rustica, Muscicapa striata, Passer montanus, Emberiza √ calandra) Passeriformes (Anthus campestris, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Ficedula albicollis, F. parva, F.semitorquata, Lanius collurio, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Ph. trochilus, Saxicola rubetra, Sylvia √ communis, Emberiza pusilla, Emberiza schoeniclus, Erithacus rubecula, Phylloscopus collybita, Serinus serinus)
Table A-7: FRVs to be established for the following habitats and species
Code Name
Annex I habitats
5230 Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis 5330 Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub 5410 West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas ( Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae ) 5420 Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas 5430 Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio-Verbascion 6220 Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea
Annex II Species
Anacamptis urvilleana Linaria pseudolaxiflora Elatine gussonei Ophrys melitensis
a. Scope
In April 2005, the Habitat Committee (committee created under Article 20 of the Habitats Directive), adopted binding requirements for the compilation of monitoring data and for the assessment of the conservation status of natural habitats and species of common interest (). Member States must ensure that the design of their monitoring programme is harmonized with the working documents of the European Commission concerning the definition and description of the parameters that are included in the reporting requirements of the EU member states under Article 17 of Directive 92/43/EC and especially with the «Art 17
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guidelines» report. (http://circa.europa.eu/Public/irc/env/monnat/library?l=/&vm=detailed&sb=Title ).
The following parameters are specified for each of the assessment criteria to determine the Favourable Conservation Status mentioned above and defines an assessment scale (Assessment and reporting under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive – Reporting Formats for the period 2007-2012 ):
Table A-8: Parameters for determining Favourable Conservation Status according to Article 17 of the Habitats Directive
Natural habitats Species of common interest
Range (overall distribution) Range Area (actually) covered Population (size of stock) Structure and functions, including characteristic habitat structures and characteristic species Habitat for the species inventory Outlook (including impairments, threats and Outlook (including impairments, threats and long-term survival prospects) long-term survival prospects)
To ensure a unified overall survey design that is adapted to the conditions in Malta, it is important that any existing programmes for surveillance and assessment of habitats and species based on surveys carried out by scientific and nature conservation agencies are consolidated into a comprehensive, nationally uniform monitoring system. This can be done through a research and development project that will also help to appropriately channel efforts in this field.
b. Requirements
The following activities are to be coordinated:
• Adaptation of existing approaches (primarily to arrive at a uniform cross-national survey method) • Cross-national coordination of monitored parameters, field survey methods, survey intervals, sample sizes and sample distribution • Development and coordination of methods for identifying areas and habitat sizes, threats and long term survival prospects. • Utilization of synergies with other ongoing survey programmes (e.g. monitoring under the EU Water Framework Directive, the Nitrates Directive, and spatial mapping programmes) • Design of databases for data aggregation and analysis • Compliance of spatial data to the INSPIRE principles
Steps towards this standardization include preparatory actions and the establishment of monitoring protocols, Conservation Status and Favourable Conservation Status.
i. Preparatory actions
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• Bibliographic reviews, recording and spatial mapping of each habitat type / species. For each habitat type and plant species, ERAwill collect, document and spatially map in GIS, the existing distribution reports at least for the past 40 years, depending on the availability and accuracy of bibliographic data (point, line or surface distribution data), and for the entire national terrain. • Data storage and analysis. All the information collected shall be registered in a database, that will have provision for recording the presence of each habitat type and plant species documented in the literature review. This database will be linked to geographical mapping of information in GIS. • Registration of data gaps concerning habitats and species and the type, intensity, frequency and location of threats/pressures/limiting factors impacting them as they have been identified by the Management Plans. • Compilation of a summary report of existing knowledge and knowledge gaps/ requirements • The above reports will be valid for the first monitoring implementation period and will be updated from the second period and on. The next steps are based on these reports. ii. Establishment of monitoring protocols, Conservation Status and Favourable Conservation Status
Standardization of field survey protocols. At this stage the following will be established per habitat type and species/species group:
• The type of field data to be collected from field sampling specific to each habitat and species/species group (presence / absence, relative abundance, density, physicochemical parameters, threats, other impact factors, etc.). • The number and positioning of sampling stations Determination of the intensity and the sampling distribution pattern of and determination of the grid reference: a) the intensity of the sampling effort, b) the distribution pattern of sampling within and outside N2000 sites and c) the reference grid (grid) per habitat type or species. • The survey intervals to be defined specifically for each species and habitat type, according to their population dynamics • The sampling methods Cross-national survey methods and census parameters will be determined for all species and habitat types justified and supported by relevant international or national standards, or by the international scientific bibliography. Methodologies adopted by existing monitoring programmes (Habitat and plant species evaluation conducted through the Management Plan elaboration, the Aphanius fasciatus monitoring programme, sea birds survey methodologies) will be incorporated. The recording of appropriate environmental parameters and of the threats/pressures/limiting factors is included and given special emphasis.
Establishment of the methodology for the assessment of the conservation status and the definition of Favourable Reference Values for habitats and species/species groups. Selection of the methods (model use, etc) most suited to the Maltese natural territory for the analysis of field data as scheduled to be collected during the implementation of the monitoring plans, justified and supported by the relevant scientific experience recently acquired through the implementation of similar projects throughout the European Union.
NOTE: It is acknowledged that some differentiation in the methodology may occur since some aspects might be site-specific, such as the need for different monitoring frequencies depending
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on the status of habitats/species and/or the levels of pressures and impacts. These discrepancies will be identified and fully recorded during the site level implementation.
c. Deliverables
The following will be delivered for each habitat and species/species group.
• Report and database of bibliographic references consolidating all current knowledge on the conservation status of the specific habitat/species. • Geographical extent in which surveys will take place with grid reference for each habitat type and species/species group. • Field work protocols for each habitat type and each species/ species group • Protocol for the GIS mapping of the existing and potential spread of each species • Field work scheduling and repeatability requirements at yearly, monthly and weekly levels. • Methodology for the evaluation of the conservation status to be applied during the implementation phase. • Methodology for the assessment of the Favourable Reference Values and the Favourable Conservation Status to be applied during the implementation phase.
A.4.2 GUIDELINES FOR THE ELABORATION OF NATIONAL SPECIES ACTION PLANS
Action Plans for threatened species are technical instruments vital to the conservation of flora and fauna. They define the actions that need to be taken to improve the status of a threatened species.
a. Targeted species
For the first period of implementation Action Plans are intended for the following animal taxonomical groups and species.
Invertebrates: All RDB species are presently included. The list may be further refined and species grouped according to experts
Amphibians:
Discoglossus pictus
Being the only amphibian in Malta and belonging to a taxonomic group especially vulnerable to climatic changes and with special water requirements, Discoglossus pictus should be treated with priority and with a cross-country spatial reference.
Reptiles
Chalcides ocellatus tiligugu Podarcis filfolensis maltensis Telescopus fallax
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Coluber viridiflavus carbonarius Coluber algirus
Action Plans can be elaborated either for each species or species groups according to the taxonomy and ecology of species.
Mammals :
Suncus etruscus Pipistrellus pipistrellus Pipistrellus kuhlii Pipistrellus pygmaeus Plecotus austriacus Tadarida teniotis Eptesicus serotinus Mustela nivalis
Action Plans can be elaborated either for each species or species groups according to the taxonomy and ecology of species.
b. Geographical scope of Action Plans
Action plans shall take into account species’ habitats both within and outside Natura 2000 sites taking into consideration the specific species’/species groups’ ecological requirements. Especially for Discoglossus pictus and the bat species, due to specific water requirements and mobility respectively, the entire Maltese Islands should be considered as the field of application of certain conservation actions.
c. General characteristics of Action Plans
The Action Plans:
• Aim to make possible in the short and medium term to maintain or even increase number of the targeted species. They clearly define the desirable population level, in order to ensure the sustainable conservation of species in their immediate environment. • Do not contain detailed biological information and they are usually based on the best available scientific knowledge. The emphasis is on conservation (not science) and on the actions required and the changes needed to achieve the targets. • Must have clear objectives, measurable goals and the follow up process (including update of success) should be integrated in the plan and budgeted accordingly. • During the site level implementation species plans need to adapt to site-specific concerns about the species in question as regards the status of its habitat or the levels of pressures and impacts. • Need to be realistic, taking into account the social and cultural characteristics in the areas where the plans will be implemented.
d. List of headings which may be incorporated into an action plan for an animal species
A following format can be adopted:
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i. Current status/assessment of future prospects of species
• Taxonomy of the species • Biological data (reproduction, feeding habits, habitat, optimum population density, relation between species) • International, national protection status • Historical causes for decreasing numbers, current status and trends, possibilities for colonization • Current and potential threats /limiting factors • Lists of protected/unprotected areas in which the species is present and existing conservation measures taken in favor of the species • Research work carried out in situ, ex situ and results
ii. Implementation of a restoration plan
• Conservation objectives • Research work to be implemented in situ (reproduction, feeding habits) justifications, proposed timetable. • Recovery plans • Management measures to be put into practice to achieve the proposed conservation objective: • - in relation to the species : on- going monitoring of population, feeding, reintroduction or strengthening populations, increase of species distribution. Proposed timetables. - in relation to its habitat and other species present: review habitat management, creation of new protected areas, establishment of nesting area (trophic improvement, increasing numbers of prey, restricting numbers of predators, adapting infrastructure and modifying numbers of tourists). Proposed timetables. - Legislative and economic measures - Information activities to be carried out - Training courses for administrative officials, local and regional authorities with direct responsibility for managing the species in the field
e. Indicative list of actions
Depending on the taxonomical groups different actions can be proposed, which generally may fall under the following categories
• Policy and legislation • Future research and monitoring • Site safeguard and management • Species management and protection • Communications and publicity
Actions can indicatively include:
• Designation of new areas of vital importance for species • Reform and review of management methods for areas which have lost their original capacity to sustain the species
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• Surveys to determine distribution and population size • Genetic and population dynamics studies • Monitoring • Ex- situ conservation • Reintroduction and translocation • Water quality and quantity improvements • Special habitat management and restoration • Habitat creation • Control of competitors/predators • Wardening of sites • Communication and public awareness campaigns
Text adapted from: Council of Europe (1997). Drafting and implementing action plans for threatened species (Council of Europe publishing, Environmental Encounters No 39 Consulted document: MEPA (2011) Dossier on Wild Fauna in the Maltese Islands: Capture, Killing and Exploitation
A.4.3 GUIDELINES FOR HABITAT RESTORATION ACTIONS
P7. Application of access control measures at habitats 5230 and 92A0
The following specifications will be provided by the MP in this section:
a. Trained personnel required: Number and qualifications
2 persons with a qualification at EQF (European Qualifications Framework) Level 4 in Environmental Science/Sustainability
b. Draft spotting of the intervention areas
Lower part of the watercourse at Buskett, and habitat 5230 in Buskett (see Figure A-1).
c. Materials and equipment required
Hand held tools, material to set up a roped barrier
d. Methods of access control
The main existing pathways along these habitats should be signposted asking visitors to stick to the paths in view of the sensitive habitats around them. Habitat 92A0 in the lower section of Buskett should be roped off to stop access to it and trampling.
e. Supplementary interventions if required
None.
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f. Information /warning signage required
The walking trail should be marked well and signs installed to explain why people should stick to the designated areas. Information through the setting up of signs explaining the objectives of enclosing habitat 92A0 should also be included.
g. Reporting requirements
A monitoring program on the habitat structure and regeneration in the enclosed area should be carried out each year through the use of a random stratified sample of 2m x 2m quadrats. Progress should be reported annually to ERAand compiled to the annual MP review report.
P8. Planning and implementation of an IAS species control / eradication programme
The following specifications will be provided by the MP in this section:
a. Identification of IAS species to be removed
Eucalyptus spp., Acacia spp., Ricinus communi, Ailanthus altissima, Agave spp
b. Spotting of treatment area
Throughout the SAC. Part of the action is being implemented by PARKS in connection with the LIFE SAVING BUSKETT Project they are undertaking. It is however noted, that the action in the management plan covers the entire SAC and not just the Buskett Woodland.
c. Suggested method for IAS removal/eradication per species
The method of eradication for these species will vary depending on the species itself, as follows: i) Acacia : The Acacias found within this SAC are scattered throughout the SAC in small isolated populations or individual trees. In accordance with MEPA’s guidelines on managing non-native plant invaders, it is recommended that the trees are all felled within the same season using hand held mechanical tools such as a chainsaw. Felling should be carried out by horizontal cutting near ground level. This should be followed by stump grinding up to a depth of 2 feet. The holes produced should be filled with soil. Stump grinding should only be used where the trees are easily accessible with the relevant equipment. Access should not be created where it is currently not available. All woody material should be removed from the area and disposed of. Burning any vegetation on site is not recommended since fire is known to trigger seed germination in Acacias (MEPA, 2013). It is also recommended that the leaf litter and top 5cm of soil from beneath the trees is removed to deplete the soil seed bank. Trees belonging to this genus are known to accumulate large quantities of seed in their soil seed bank which can lie dormant for many years. Cutting the trees would eliminate shade and increase the light intensity on the ground, which in turn would trigger high germination rates during the following spring. Removing the top 5cm would drastically decrease regeneration potential of the soil seed bank and has been seen to be one of the best ways of reducing regeneration for these species (Le Maitre, et al., 2011). Moreover, the ground
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below the Acacias is already degraded with most of the seed bank being dominated by an accumulation of over 20 years of Acacia seeds. Thus, the benefits of removing the top 5cm of the soil profile will outweigh any minor impacts. The removal of topsoil should however be restricted to immediately below the tree, and any typical garrigue shrubs growing underneath the Acacia should be left untouched. In the event that the tree resprouts following cutting, pruning of any shoots should be applied. This will weaken the tree and lead to its death through the depletion of food reserves in its roots. Any seedlings should also be manually uprooted by the first summer. In order to address resprouting of cut stumps, particularly for those trees which are not accessible to a stump grinder, tarping with heavy black plastic will impede light reaching the trees and will also act as a physical barrier thereby preventing resprouting. All unused plastic should be removed from the site and the site manager should regularly visit the area to ensure that plastic from this activity does not litter the area. Consistent and timely follow-up treatments to remove germinating seedlings are necessary for a number of years until seed bank is exhausted. Seedlings and saplings can be hand pulled. Incineration of plant debris is the most desirable option especially when dealing with alien species which are prolific seed producers and / or spread by vegetative growth. Nevertheless, burning of plant material on-site should not be allowed, unless prior authorization of controlled burning on site is given by MEPA. Plant debris which is not able to grow into a new plant can be carried in a registered waste carrier that can be securely covered and disposed of in a registered landfill, unless authorization is given for controlled burning and disposal on site. iii. Ricinus communis : This species is found sporadically in the different valleys found within this SAC. Its removal should be done by manual means using hand held tools such as a hoe. Any trees should either be dug out of the ground and disposed of, or manually uprooted. And uprooting work should be done in winter while the soil is wet since it is easier to uproot the trees (MEPA, 2013). In view that this species is usually dispersed along watercourses, eradicating it from a valley might necessitate the removal of the source trees further up the valley.
iv. Eucalyptus spp. : Eucalyptus trees are widely planted in the Maltese Islands for use in hunting practices. Within this SAC it is widespread, and usually planted below along the valleys. Its removal is recommended through the felling of small trees or through drilling and the application of glyphosate in large trees. The latter involves drilling holes every 6 cm or closer around the entire circumference of the tree with a portable drill and a thumb sized drill bit at a downward angle through the bark and into the cambium layer. Each hole is filled with a concentrated dose of glyphosate (RoundUp Pro). The application should be done in July. The tree should die by the end of summer, after which it should be cut down and burnt on site. Alternatively, the owner of the tree can opt to cut it down and sell the timber for firewood.
v. Ailanthis altissima: Eradication of this species is highly challenging (MEPA, 2013), especially in large infestations. Removal will be carried out in stages, through regular and aggressive pruning until all the branches and foliage are removed, facilitating the regeneration of characteristic vegetation within their area of influence. Where required, the root systems of the trees will remain in the soil in order to maintain consolidation of the substratum. Sites from where alien plants will be removed will be regularly inspected and any new seedlings or shoots of the invasive trees will be removed by hand. No chemicals will be used
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for plant removal. The invasive species to be removed were planted many years before regulations on planting in natural areas came into effect.
vi. Agave spp.: This population is a result of the accidental introduction and escape of an IAS. The species is highly invasive and has a competitive advantage in competing with native vegetation (MEPA, 2013). It is recommended that this species is completely eradicated from within the SAC within a short to medium time-frame. The recommended method is by cutting down the plant through the use of a chainsaw. All above-ground branches should be cut down, following which a herbicide with the active ingredient Triclopyr (Tunison & Zimmer, 1992) shall be applied on the cut stump with a paint brush. This will kill off the plants whilst restricting herbicide use to the target plants themselves. All material shall be disposed off-site. Any small plants shall be removed by manual means through the use of a hoe (MEPA, 2013).
d. Suggested method of habitat restoration
This involves active restoration of the areas cleared of Acacia and Eucalyptus. Removing them and preventing their regeneration is not enough. This approach has been shown to fail to achieve the desired outcome of restoring the habitat since secondary invasions by invasive species (e.g. Oxalis pes-caprae ) or by ruderals often follow, as they capitalise on the disturbance caused by the eradication and control operations (Le Maitre, et al., 2011). In view of this, the removal of invasive species will be part of a holistic restoration project involving the habitats concerned. The area where these species are found, in most cases, does not have access to a supply of water for irrigation. This inevitably rules out the long-term irrigation of introduced plantlets as a method of restoration. Instead, a medium to low intensity restoration program is recommended. This will involve the planting of 6-10 month old potted seedlings, following the first rains in late summer. This choice of species is based on the dominant species found in the same habitat within which the alien species were found.
e. Protective measures required
It is anticipated that the removal of the Eucalyptus trees, particularly in Wied l-Isqof, will be contentious. Stakeholder involvement is a pre-requisite for this action.
f. Information /warning signage required
Signage is required in the area of active restoration to inform visitors why species are being removed, what work is being undertaken and to keep to the footpath and avoid trampling on the sections being restored.
g. Monitoring and post- removal monitoring requirements
The areas being restored should be monitored once a year to assess the success of the restoration program and apply it to other areas in the country. The following data should be collected:
i. Quantitative data on coverage, species dominance and diversity through the use of a 2m X 2m quadrat in each location where a tree was cut down and plants characteristic of the Annex I habitat were introduced. This will allow the manager to assess the rate of reestablishment of the targeted habitat and the
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success of the restoration program. This data shall be collected each year in spring for a period of five years after the termination of the restoration program.
ii. The survival rate of planted species should be monitored each year by recording the number of deceased plants. This data shall be collected each year in September for a period of five years after the planting and seeding phase.
iii. The quantity of seedlings of targeted alien species sprouting each year following the eradication of the trees. This data shall be collected each year in spring for a period of five years after the termination of the restoration program.
h. Reporting requirements
It is important to document (and also inform ERAon) attempts made to remove invasive alien species as well as findings in order to serve as a learning tool and to keep track of actions taken across the Maltese Islands.
P9. Planning and implementation of a pilot project for the expansion of habitat 9320: Olea and Ceratonia forests
The following specifications will be provided by the MP in this section:
a. Trained personnel required: Number and qualifications
2 persons with a qualification at EQF (European Qualifications Framework) Level 4 in Environmental Science/Sustainability
b. Draft mapping of the area available for habitat expansion
Extension of habitat 9320 along Wied ix-Xagħri (see Figure A-1). It is noted that as part of the LIFE SAVING BUSKETT project being undertaken by PARKS, in consultation with MEPA, an activity entitled Seed Collection and Planting of Saplings of Characteristic Trees (reference Action C.5 of the LIFE project) is being carried out. The action in this management plan supplements the actions identified in the LIFE project.
c. Materials and equipment required
Hand held tools and plants
d. Methodology of re-afforestation
A medium intensity restoration project involving the planting of typical species belonging to this habitat is recommended for the upper reaches of Wied ix-Xagħri. The objectives are threefold: to increase the area covered by this habitat; to create corridors between isolated patches of this habitat already present; to create a shield between Wied ix-Xagħri and the Zuta quarry. The area where the trees will be planted does not have access to a supply of water for irrigation. This inevitably rules out the long-term irrigation of introduced plantlets as a method of restoration. Restoration will take place over two phases.
i. The first involves the planting of 6-10 month old potted seedlings belonging to the dominant species, following the first rains in late summer. These include;
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Ceratonia siliqua, Olea europaea, Rhamnus alaternus, Pistacia lentiscus, Laurus nobilis, Crataegus monogyna . A high planting density of 1 tree per square meter shall be applied where enough soil is available. This will compensate for a high mortality rate in summer, ensuring that the habitat will still be established without the need to water. To increase the success rate of the introduced plants, planting has to be done early in the rainy season in October, and the plants used will be less than one year old to ensure early root establishment in the field.
ii. The second phase will involve the active seeding of the following species: Ceratonia siliqua, Olea europaea, Rhamnus alaternus, Laurus nobilis, and Crataegus monogyna . Other species typical of this habitat will eventually become established on their own through bird seed-rain. The choice of seeds will depend on their availability. Seeding will involve the sowing of seeds by hand in locations where they are most likely to survive, each year following the introduction of plants for a period of five years. No further subsequent intervention will be required after seeding. The introduced plants will be allowed to establish themselves on their own. The only intervention will involve the removal of any resprouts or emerging seedlings of alien species. For seeding to be effective here, large quantities of seeds need to be used.
e. Method of recording saplings and habitat evolution
The area being restored should be monitored once a year to assess the success of the restoration program and apply it to other areas in the country. The following data should be collected:
i. Quantitative data on coverage, species dominance and diversity through the use of a 2m X 2m quadrat throughout the area where plants and seeds were introduced. This will allow the manager to assess the rate of reestablishment of the targeted habitat and the success of the restoration program. This data shall be collected each year in spring for a period of five years after the termination of the restoration program.
ii. The survival rate of planted species should be monitored each year by recording the number of deceased plants. This data shall be collected each year in September for a period of five years after the planting and seeding phase.
f. Protective measures required (Materials and Methods)
The restoration area might need to be regularly monitored to limit vandalism and theft of the planted seedlings.
g. Demonstration / information / signage required
Signage should be set up at the entrance point of the area being restored, informing people of the restoration works and how the ecosystem will develop over the next 50 years once the restoration project succeeds. A footpath joining this section to the Għar il-Kbir archaeological site should be set up to attract visitors to this area and create support for the project.
h. Reporting requirements
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Progress related to the establishment of this habitat should be reported annually to ERAand compiled to the annual MP review report.
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Figure A-1: Actions map for actions P7 and P9
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A.4.4 GUIDELINES FOR THE SIGNPOSTING AND SITE PROMOTION
A national interpretation strategy for the entire Natura 2000 network across the Maltese archipelago will present the required framework through which all aspects of stakeholder communication and education, product development, promotion, on-site and inter-site visitor flow management, visitor experience and revenue generation will be addressed.
The study for the design and technical specifications for signposting and promotional material will therefore be undertaken within this framework. Particularly given Malta’s size, and in recognition of current awareness of Natura 2000, the marketing potential from promoting and creating a movement around the Natura 2000 network as a whole is significant. This will considerably enhance the promotion and revenue generating value of each of the individual sites in the network, as well as serve to achieve the site-specific conservation objectives.
Critically, this approach will build upon the success of the communications and awareness raising campaign for the project, which has succeeded in fostering initial awareness of a network of local nature conservation sites with a range of different and unique attributes and assets but also with certain commonalities. It is essential, at this stage, to build upon the existing knowledge base and therefore to execute a promotional and marketing plan derived from the interpretation strategy, aimed at the promotion of Natura 2000 as a national network, within which individual sites will also be promoted for their specific attributes and assets, as well as for their relationships with other sites where there is a commonality in respect of characteristics / features, habitats and species, tourism/recreational opportunities and / or geographical location.
Another critical advantage to creating a movement around the Natura 2000 network is the ability to use the ‘pull factor’ of the more well known and already frequented sites to garner interest in the less well-known or smaller sites, by drawing on their various common attributes and by promoting these sites together. L-Inħawi tal-Buskett was identified through the Public and Stakeholder Attitude Surveys as being one of the most well-known sites; hence L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti is one of a number of important ‘gateway sites’
The signposting and promotional plan for L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti will focus on the specific attributes and assets of the site, but will also offer the opportunity to reference and promote the national network, other Natura 2000 woodland sites, as well as the other Natura 2000 sites in Dingli, Rabat and Siġġiewi. Given its gateway potential, information will also be provided on initiatives, events and activities planned for the Natura 2000 network as part of the national interpretation strategy.
Responsibility for delivering and implementing the Natura 2000 promotional and marketing plan, and for the study for the design and technical specifications for signposting and promotional material, will fall to a bespoke management team. Taking account of the wider international context, and with little already in place for marketing the local Natura 2000 network, this management team will have the opportunity to customise and adopt international best practices.
The interpretation strategy will serve as the basis upon which the marketing and branding strategy for the Natura 2000 network will be developed, ensuring unity and continuity of the
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Natura 2000 ‘brand’, not only in terms of design (logo and colours) but also its values and overall themes / messages. This brand will be carried through in all signposting and promotional material, as well as all Natura 2000 merchandising, events and activities.
Signposting and promotional material for L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti (as with all Natura 2000 sites) will be designed to deliver ‘edutainment’ – education through entertainment, in line with recreational learning theory. Such communication must provoke interest and thought within visitors and help them to personally relate with the issues at hand, whilst the core message is being naturally developed and revealed within their minds as a result of their experience of the site, guided through the interpretative services. The interpretation strategy will therefore be designed to inform and educate, as well as to guide and warn (particularly on- site signposting), in the interests of the protection and conservation management of the site as well as visitor enjoyment and safety.
An emphasis on interpretative signage will ensure that the information presented brings meaning and interest to the visitor, and that it strengthens their relationship with the site (and the Natura 2000 network generally). Warning signage will convey the necessary regulations and restrictions; however, these messages will be delivered sensitively and with sufficient justification (emphasis on interpretation). The signposting generally will be designed to welcome and encourage the visitor’s enjoyment of the site. As mentioned above, where detailed background information is required to be delivered to visitors, trained guides and innovative use of technology may present the most effective and least invasive form of communication media.
Taking account of the emphasis on there being a national interpretation strategy with bespoke branding for the Natura 2000 network as a whole, the signposting regime for individual sites will have regard to any existing signage relating to the ecological, geological, historical, cultural, etc. attributes of that site, such as that at L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti. There may be the potential to combine signage to communicate information on other projects together with information on Natura 2000, where this is deemed to be appropriate without compromising on the objectives for the national Natura 2000 interpretation strategy.
As a general guide, all communication will reflect the main theme identified through the interpretation strategy by addressing the ‘whole’ in terms of the overall learning, emotional and behavioural objectives, and by striving for message unity through usage of standardised materials, designs, logos, layouts, text, colours, etc.
Additionally, the signposting regime and promotional material for each site will have regard to any previous studies and available information on what would be appropriate for the site. For example, in the case of L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti, the ‘Buskett Visitor Assessment Study’, conducted over September 2011 – June 2012, assessed the effectiveness of the existing visitor facilities and amenities at Buskett, including on-site information sources, and outlined recommendations for improvement. Recommendations for Buskett in relation to the communication of information on-site included interpretative panels showing an annotated map of the area, describing the flora and fauna, and describing the history and the vernacular and cultural heritage of the site, as well as information specifically targeted at children.
The amount of information communicated on each site will take account of the method of delivery, whether that be signage, information panels, brochures, etc.; however, and having regard to the Buskett Visitor Assessment Study’, signposting and promotional materials generally for L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti will include:
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• Name of the site;
• Written and pictorial description of the particular attributes and assets of the site (ecological, geological, historically, culturally, etc.);
• Written and pictorial description of Natura 2000 in the international and national context;
• Written and pictorial description of the other woodland sites in the local Natura 2000 network, specifically Wied il-Miżieb and Il-Ballut tal-Wardija.
• Written and pictorial description of the other Natura 2000 sites in Dingli, Rabat, and Siggiewi, specifically, Rdumijiet ta' Malta: Għajn Tuffieħa, Rdumijiet ta' Malta: Ir-Ramla ta' Għajn Tuffieħa sax-Xaqqa, and Għar tal-Iburdan u I-Inħawi tal-Madwar;
• Direction / orientation information (in the case of on-site signposting) to aid site navigation; and
• Warning information (in the case of on-site signposting), in terms of the specific ‘dos and don’ts’ to take account of. Such instructions should be imparted to the visitor in as much of an intuitive way as possible, for example, by setting trails that stay clear of sensitive or fragile ecosystems or using site hardening methods (behavioural objective – to stay clear of sensitive species), whilst presenting information on how delicate or rare certain important species may be and how they are negatively affected by external factors (educational and emotional objectives).
Proposed signposting for L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti
Figure A-2 shows the proposed location for the signposts for this SAC. The figure illustrates two types of signposts:
i. Directional signs positioned along the main roads leading to the site, indicating to drivers where they can access the SAC; these signposts will generally be fixed to existing road signs (where they exist) and will typically be similar to the signs already used to indicate cultural heritage sites. ii. Information signs, positioned at the main entrance to the site and within the site, in areas where important features are located. Twelve information signs (six of which indicate cultural heritage features) are proposed for this site. It is advised that signposts are erected in areas that are either already disturbed or where there are existing footpaths, roads, etc.; habitats should not be affected by signposts. Furthermore, since it is recommended that the Natura 2000 network is uniformly branded, it is also advised that any existing information signage be replaced by new composite signs designed in accordance with the branding specifications for the national Natura 2000 interpretation strategy.
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Figure A-2: Map showing indicative locations for sign posting
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A.4.5 PATROLLING SCHEDULE
Safeguarding / wardening of the protected area is the most important conservation action to be performed under the management of the Natura 2000 sites. It is a constant action and subject to continuous adaptations in line with progress in site management. As it relies entirely on the capacity of human resources it has to be regularly re-evaluated in order to remain effective and fulfil its intended objectives.
The main objectives of patrolling the Maltese Natura 2000 sites are:
• Protection of the key features, habitats and wildlife and any other important features that have been identified for each site; • Prevention of illegal actions and activities according to law; • Control of harmful human activities; • Ensuring observance of site rules and regulations by visitors, owners, and users; • Protection and maintenance of management infrastructure; • Contribution to the managers’ knowledge about the protected site; and • Contribution to the knowledge and awareness raising of visitors and users of the area.
Patrolling staff
In order to fulfil the above tasks, it is recommended that the patrolling staff fulfils the following requirements:
• It has law enforcement powers; • It is skilled in outdoor working conditions and can work unsocial hours, including weekends and public holidays; • It has mastered a knowledge of the ecological features of the site, the vision, the conservation objectives and the management principles pertaining to the site; • Accordingly, it has mastered a knowledge on the identified and potential threats to the above features and the site’s integrity; • It possesses adequate communication and interpersonal skills; and • It possesses adequate recording and reporting skills.
As such the minimum requirements for patrolling officers should be:
• Preferably have an undergraduate diploma in natural sciences or similar or, in the absence of academic qualifications, a proven interest and a number of years of experience in nature conservation (persons with no academic qualifications will be required to sit for such courses as may be identified by the site manager / MEPA); • Report writing and computer skills (word processing, spreadsheet, database); • A valid driving license; • Good knowledge of both spoken Maltese and English; • First Aid Certificate (or the willingness to acquire this); • Fire-fighting certificate, especially for shrub fires (or the willingness to acquire this); • A clean police conduct; and • Preferably have map reading and trekking capabilities;
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• Preferably have a medical certificate attesting to the fitness and health of the officers that would not hinder them from carrying out their job or placing them at undue risk.
Staff training
Patrolling staff should undergo a series of training seminars that are prepared and implemented under the auspices of MEPA. It is stressed that the recording and reporting requirements of the job must be taught in detail having in mind that these invaluable field data will feed into the Work Plan at the start of the MP implementation (see below), the habitat/monitoring plans and reports and ultimately all management actions in the following years.
Training of the patrolling staff must be provided both in the office and on the field. It is therefore recommended that a trained ecologist, police officer and a local stakeholder/inhabitant escort the crew team during the first period of implementation and provide knowledge and advice. Annual evaluation and additional/further training is required.
Training will aim at:
• Basic identification of protected habitats and species present in the Maltese Natura 2000 sites; • Dealing with people and preparation of evidence for investigations. • Anthropogenic impacts on the environment; • Knowledge of Maltese environmental legislation; • Professional recording and reporting techniques; • Basic arrest-and-control techniques; and • Self-defence and first aid.
Patrolling scheme
At this stage only preliminary recommendations are provided:
• A patrolling unit consists of at least 2 officers • The patrolling unit is equipped at least with : 1 conventional vehicle, intra/inter- communication equipment, 2 pairs of binoculars, 2 cameras, detailed digital maps, outdoors clothing and equipment, reporting sheets or electronic means of recording and a first aid kit. In addition to this, the text of the actions of the site’s Management Plan and, when applicable, the text of the code of conduct of the site.
Patrolling schedule
The patrolling schedule applicable to each site and to the entire network depends on the resources allocated to this task and, as already discussed, is subject to continuous changes and improvements as management progresses.
Input for the drafting of the site specific initial patrolling schedules is given below; an initial pilot schedule is given for the first six months of implementation (see Table A-11, Table A-12 and Table A-13). Ideally, these schedules should be run in parallel and in collaboration with the drafting of the site specific Work Plans based on the site specific Management Plan. This synergy will provide invaluable input to the author of the Work Plans and guarantee the
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drafting of effective and realistic patrolling schedules available at site level very early in the implementation period.
A half-year test period is considered as an adequate time to guide the composition of an effective and realistic annual schedule plan. Note that given frequencies (weekly, fortnightly and monthly) indicate minimum standard patrolling requirements at site level as they have been evaluated by the Management Plan. No attempt has been made to distinguish periods of increased requirements (e.g. hunting periods, first period of infrastructure installation, period of trapping devices removal, etc), or give further timeframe details. This is a task to be accomplished by the patrolling schedule compiler in a trial and error fashion and provided that the required administrative and funding are available.
Patrolling schedule specifications are explained in Table A-9 and Table A-10.
Table A-9: Content explanation of Table A-11: Site Identity – Management Structure
COLUMN TITLE CONTENT
Code and Name of each Natura 2000 site CODE / NAME Identification of the extent of the area to be patrolled AREA PROPOSED SITE New area under surveillance to be added whenever applicable ENLARGEMENT MANAGEMENT Wherever other entities apart from ERAare involved in the site’s SCHEME management, the level and content of cooperation of the patrolling entity STAKEHOLDERS with these entities must be specified. Indications of minimum INVOLVEMENT collaboration requirements are given in the Management Plans at site level Existing wardening schemes are indicated at site level, to be further WARDENING SYSTEM examined and incorporated in the patrolling schedules POLICE PATROLLING Existing police patrolling schemes are indicated at site level, to be further SYSTEM examined and incorporated in the patrolling schedules Existing and proposed cleaning schemes are indicated at site level, to guide CLEANING SCHEME related collaboration and allocation of responsibility
Table A-10: Content explanation of Table A-13: Activities per site
COLUMN TITLE CONTENT
Two main categories of physical objects of safeguarding are indicated: Infrastructure maintenance including existing and proposed visitor MANAGEMENT infrastructure, signposting etc, and physical materials related to habitat ACTIVITIES TO BE manipulation works, ie. fences, seeded plots etc. These features must be SAFEGUARDED listed and mapped in detail at site level together with the key physical features (Annex I habitats, etc) under protection An initial list of the identified major and common illegal – harmful human activities at site level is given. An initial map of identified point factors can be provided based on the information available in the Management Plans. MAJOR The list is not exhaustive and other already identified and newly ILLEGAL/HARMFUL investigated activities must be added progressively after mastering of the HUMAN ACTIVITIES TO recording and reporting skills is secured. BE CONTROLLED It is stressed, that the recording and reporting of the locations, the frequencies and the intensities of these factors is probably the principal patrolling task and it will also provide invaluable field data for the monitoring plans/reports.
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Table A-11: Site Identity – Management Structure
SITE IDENTITY MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
AREA PROPOSED SITE MANAGEMENT SCHEME STAKEHOLDERS' WARDENING EXISTING POLICE CLEANING CODE NAME (ha) ENLARGEMENT EXISTING PROPOSED INVOLVEMENT SYSTEM PATROLLING SCHEME 1 L-Inħawi ta’ Għajn 54.56 LAND OWNERS / Barrani XAGHRA LOCAL COUNCIL / MINISTRY FOR GOZO / ERA 2 L-Inħawi ta’ 96.75 COMMITTEE COMMITTEE Pembroke 3 Il-Ballut tal-Wardija 20.37 ERA/ LAND
OWNERS 4 Il-Maqluba (limiti tal- 2.62 LAND OWNERS / Qrendi) QRENDI LOCAL COUNCIL / MTA / ERA 5 L-Inħawi tar-Ramla 7.42 GAIA ERA/ GAIA FOUNDATION FOUNDATION 6 Is-Simar (limiti ta’ 58.38 BIRDLIFE MALTA BIRDLIFE MALTA PARTIAL San Pawl il-Baħar) WETLAND (RESERVE) ENLARGEMENT 7 Is-Salini 23.67 MINISTRY FOR TRANSPORT & INFRASTRUCTUR E / ERA 8 L-Għadira s-Safra 1.54 SITE ERA
ENLARGEMENT 9 L-Inħawi tar-Ramla 74.91 BIRDLIFE MALTA BIRDLIFE MALTA tat-Torri u tal-Irdum tal-Madonna 10 Ix-Xagħra tal-Kortin 12.61 LAND OWNERS /
ST PAUL’S BAY
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SITE IDENTITY MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
AREA PROPOSED SITE MANAGEMENT SCHEME STAKEHOLDERS' WARDENING EXISTING POLICE CLEANING CODE NAME (ha) ENLARGEMENT EXISTING PROPOSED INVOLVEMENT SYSTEM PATROLLING SCHEME LOCAL COUNCIL /ERA 11 Għar Dalam 0.17 HERITAGE MALTA HERITAGE MALTA 12 Wied il-Miżieb 24.66 ERA/ COMMITTEE 13 Iċ-Ċittadella 2.07 MINISTRY FOR MINISTRY FOR GOZO GOZO 14 Il-Ballut ta’ 23.3 ERA ERA
Marsaxlokk 15 L-Inħawi tal-Għadira 97.94 BIRDLIFE MALTA BIRDLIFE MALTA (part of the site) / ERA PARTIAL DIN L-ART (RESERVE) HELWA (part of the site) 16 Filfla u l-Gżejjer ta’ 6.58 ERA Madwarha 17 Kemmuna u l-Gżejjer 294.66 ERA ta’ Madwarha
18 L-Inħawi tal-Buskett 244.71 ELC (part of the ERA/ PARKS PARTIAL PARTIAL u tal-Girgenti SAC) (BUSKETT (BUSKETT PARKS (part of GARDENS) GARDENS) the SAC) 19 L-Inħawi tad-Dwejra 86.93 MANAGEMENT ERA u tal-Qawra, inkluż COMMITTEE Ħaġret il-Ġeneral / Rdumijiet ta’ Għawdex: Il-Ponta ta’
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SITE IDENTITY MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
AREA PROPOSED SITE MANAGEMENT SCHEME STAKEHOLDERS' WARDENING EXISTING POLICE CLEANING CODE NAME (ha) ENLARGEMENT EXISTING PROPOSED INVOLVEMENT SYSTEM PATROLLING SCHEME Ħarrux sal-Bajja tax- Xlendi / Rdumijiet ta’ Għawdex: Il-Ponta ta’ San Dimitri sal-Ponta ta’ Ħarrux 20 L-Inħawi tax-Xlendi u 296.3 ERA tal-Wied tal-Kantra / Rdumijiet ta’Għawdex: Id- Dawra tas-Sanap sa tal-Ħajt 21 L-Inħawi tal- 176.4 MELLIEHA LOCAL ERA Imġiebaħ u Tal- COUNCIL (part of Miġnuna the site) 22 Il-Gżejjer ta’ San Pawl 10.75 ERA
(Selmunett) 23 Il-Magħluq tal-Baħar 4.42 ERA / ta’ Marsaskala LOCAL COUNCIL 24 Rdumijiet ta’Malta: MAJJISTRAL COMMITTEE Ir-Ramla taċ- PARK BOARD PARTIAL PARTIAL
Ċirkewwa sar-Ramla (part of the site) (MAJISTRAL) (MAJISTRAL) tal-Mixquqa 25 Rdumijiet ta’ Malta: GAIA COMMITTEE/ Għajn Tuffieħa FOUNDATION GAIA FOUNDATION 26 Rdumijiet ta’ Malta: COMMITTEE Ir-Ramla ta’ Għajn Tuffieħa sax-Xaqqa 27 Rdumijiet ta’ Malta: COMMITTEE
Mix-Xaqqa sal-Ponta
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SITE IDENTITY MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
AREA PROPOSED SITE MANAGEMENT SCHEME STAKEHOLDERS' WARDENING EXISTING POLICE CLEANING CODE NAME (ha) ENLARGEMENT EXISTING PROPOSED INVOLVEMENT SYSTEM PATROLLING SCHEME ta’ Bengħisa
28 L-Għar tal-Iburdan u 69.13 ERA/ OWNER
l-Inħawi tal-Madwar 29 Il-Qortin tal-Magun u OWNER / ERA
il-Qortin il-Kbir 30 Rdumijiet u L-Inħawi OWNER OWNER / ERA ta’ Ta’Ċenċ
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Table A-12: Half-year patrolling schedule SIX MONTH PATROLLING SCHEDULE SITE IDENTITY (Monthly – Weekly) Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 CODE NAME W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4
1 L-Inħawi ta’ Għajn Barrani √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 2 L-Inħawi ta’ Pembroke √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 3 Il-Ballut tal-Wardija √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Il-Maqluba (limiti tal- 4 √ √ √ √ √ √ Qrendi) 5 L-Inħawi tar-Ramla √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Is-Simar (limiti ta’ San 6 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Pawl il-Baħar) 7 Is-Salini √ √ √ √ √ √ 8 L-Għadira s-Safra √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ L-Inħawi tar-Ramla tat- 9 Torri u tal-Irdum tal- √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Madonna 10 Ix-Xagħra tal-Kortin √ √ √ √ √ √ 11 Għar Dalam 12 Wied il-Miżieb √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 13 Iċ-Ċittadella √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 14 Il-Ballut ta’ Marsaxlokk √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 15 L-Inħawi tal-Għadira √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Filfla u l-Gżejjer ta’ 16 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Madwarha Kemmuna u l-Gżejjer ta’ 17 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Madwarha L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal- 18 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Girgenti
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SIX MONTH PATROLLING SCHEDULE SITE IDENTITY (Monthly – Weekly) Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 CODE NAME W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4
L-Inħawi tad-Dwejra u tal- Qawra, inkluż Ħaġret il- Ġeneral / Rdumijiet ta’ Għawdex: Il-Ponta ta’ 19 Ħarrux sal-Bajja tax- √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Xlendi / Rdumijiet ta’ Għawdex: Il-Ponta ta’ San Dimitri sal-Ponta ta’ Ħarrux L-Inħawi tax-Xlendi u tal- Wied tal-Kantra / 20 Rdumijiet ta’Għawdex: √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Id-Dawra tas-Sanap sa tal-Ħajt L-Inħawi tal-Imġiebaħ u 21 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Tal-Miġnuna Il-Gżejjer ta’ San Pawl 22 √ √ √ √ √ √ (Selmunett) Il-Magħluq tal-Baħar ta’ 23 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Marsaskala Rdumijiet ta’Malta: Ir- 24 Ramla taċ-Ċirkewwa sar- √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Ramla tal-Mixquqa Rdumijiet ta’ Malta: 25 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Għajn Tuffieħa Rdumijiet ta’ Malta: Ir- 26 Ramla ta’ Għajn Tuffieħa √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ sax-Xaqqa
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SIX MONTH PATROLLING SCHEDULE SITE IDENTITY (Monthly – Weekly) Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 CODE NAME W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4
Rdumijiet ta’ Malta: Mix- 27 Xaqqa sal-Ponta ta’ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Bengħisa L-Għar tal-Iburdan u l- 28 √ √ √ √ √ √ Inħawi tal-Madwar Il-Qortin tal-Magun u il- 29 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Qortin il-Kbir Rdumijiet u L-Inħawi ta’ 30 Ta’Ċenċ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
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Table A-13: Activities monitored through patrolling MAIN MANAGEMENT MAJOR ILLEGAL / HARMFUL HUMAN ACTIVITIES TO BE MONITORED / CONTROLLED THROUGH SITE IDENTITY ACTIVITIES TO BE PATROLLING SAFEGUARDED
CODE NAME SPECIES HABITAT HABITAT HUNTING HUNTING TRAPPING ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES TRAMPLING TRAMPLING OFF-ROADING OFF-ROADING MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT UNCONTROLLED CONSTRUCTION, CONSTRUCTION, PLANTING OF IAS OF PLANTING HUMAN ACTIVITY HUMAN INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE OUTDOOR LEISURE INSTALLATION AND AND INSTALLATION DUMPING / LITTERING / DUMPING MANAGEMENT WORKS MANAGEMENT 1 L-Inħawi ta’ Għajn Barrani √ √ √ √ √ √ 2 L-Inħawi ta’ Pembroke √ √ √ √ √ √
3 Il-Ballut tal-Wardija √ √
4 Il-Maqluba (limiti tal-Qrendi) √ √ √ 5 L-Inħawi tar-Ramla √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Is-Simar (limiti ta’ San Pawl il- 6 √ √ √ √ √ √ Baħar) 7 Is-Salini √ √ √ √ √ 8 L-Għadira s-Safra √ √ √ √ L-Inħawi tar-Ramla tat-Torri u 9 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ tal-Irdum tal-Madonna 10 Ix-Xagħra tal-Kortin √ √ √ √ 11 Għar Dalam √ √ 12 Wied il-Miżieb √ √ √ √ √ 13 Iċ-Ċittadella √ √ √
14 Il-Ballut ta’ Marsaxlokk √ √ √ √ √ √
15 L-Inħawi tal-Għadira √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Filfla u l-Gżejjer ta’ 16 √ Madwarha
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MAIN MANAGEMENT MAJOR ILLEGAL / HARMFUL HUMAN ACTIVITIES TO BE MONITORED / CONTROLLED THROUGH SITE IDENTITY ACTIVITIES TO BE PATROLLING SAFEGUARDED
CODE NAME SPECIES HABITAT HABITAT HUNTING HUNTING TRAPPING ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES TRAMPLING TRAMPLING OFF-ROADING OFF-ROADING MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT UNCONTROLLED CONSTRUCTION, CONSTRUCTION, PLANTING OF IAS OF PLANTING HUMAN ACTIVITY HUMAN INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE OUTDOOR LEISURE INSTALLATION AND AND INSTALLATION DUMPING / LITTERING / DUMPING MANAGEMENT WORKS MANAGEMENT Kemmuna u l-Gżejjer ta’ 17 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Madwarha L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal- 18 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Girgenti L-Inħawi tad-Dwejra u tal- Qawra, inkluż Ħaġret il- Ġeneral / Rdumijiet ta’ Għawdex: Il-Ponta ta’ Ħarrux 19 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ sal-Bajja tax-Xlendi / Rdumijiet ta’ Għawdex: Il- Ponta ta’ San Dimitri sal- Ponta ta’ Ħarrux
L-Inħawi tax-Xlendi u tal- Wied tal-Kantra / Rdumijiet 20 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ ta’Għawdex: Id-Dawra tas- Sanap sa tal-Ħajt
L-Inħawi tal-Imġiebaħ u Tal- 21 √ √ √ √ √ √ Miġnuna Il-Gżejjer ta’ San Pawl 22 √ √ √ (Selmunett) Il-Magħluq tal-Baħar ta’ 23 √ √ √ Marsaskala
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MAIN MANAGEMENT MAJOR ILLEGAL / HARMFUL HUMAN ACTIVITIES TO BE MONITORED / CONTROLLED THROUGH SITE IDENTITY ACTIVITIES TO BE PATROLLING SAFEGUARDED
CODE NAME SPECIES HABITAT HABITAT HUNTING HUNTING TRAPPING ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES TRAMPLING TRAMPLING OFF-ROADING OFF-ROADING MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT UNCONTROLLED CONSTRUCTION, CONSTRUCTION, PLANTING OF IAS OF PLANTING HUMAN ACTIVITY HUMAN INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE OUTDOOR LEISURE INSTALLATION AND AND INSTALLATION DUMPING / LITTERING / DUMPING MANAGEMENT WORKS MANAGEMENT Rdumijiet ta’Malta: Ir-Ramla 24 taċ-Ċirkewwa sar-Ramla tal- √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Mixquqa PARTIAL Rdumijiet ta’ Malta: Għajn (MAJISTRAL 25 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Tuffieħa / GHAJN TUFFIEHA) Rdumijiet ta’ Malta: Ir-Ramla 26 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ ta’ Għajn Tuffieħa sax-Xaqqa Rdumijiet ta’ Malta: Mix- 27 √ √ √ √ Xaqqa sal-Ponta ta’ Bengħisa L-Għar tal-Iburdan u l-Inħawi 28 √ √ tal-Madwar Il-Qortin tal-Magun u il- 29 √ √ √ Qortin il-Kbir Rdumijiet u L-Inħawi ta’ 30 Ta’Ċenċ √ √ √ √ √
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ANNEX 5 COST RECOVERY MECHANISMS
Revenue generating mechanisms and self-financing opportunities for L-Inħawi tal- Buskett u tal-Girgenti are suggested. These initiatives can additionally contribute to promoting and establishing the concept of a network of Natura 2000 sites in Malta. Other funding mechanisms are also identified, excluding reference to governmental funding which could be induced in other ways, e.g. through the police undertaking patrol duties.
A.5.1 REVENUE GENERATING AND SELF -FINANCING OPPORTUNITIES
Due to its high popularity and the present and foreseen visitor amenities and infrastructure, Buskett is the site with the largest potential for direct income generation among the Maltese Natura 2000 network. On the other hand it is a site with high management costs attributed both to the conservation requirements and to personnel and infrastructure maintenance needs.
In the course of the Management Plan 5 year revision, the Administration may wish to investigate if compensatory measures, i.e. any administrative or legislative action, procedure or enactment designed to redress disruptions of ecological integrity or damage to the supply of natural resources, to the major privately owned recreation infrastructure operating in the vicinity of the site.
It is suggested that discussion with the Managing Body of the Winery at Buskett, the Verdala Palace, Girgenti Palace and other establishments is carried out to identify possible initiatives that could contribute towards the funding of the Protected Area. The Site Manager could explore various options wherein charity events are organised on an annual basis (such as the August Moon Ball) with proceedings going towards the management of Protected Areas, this could be a yearly event.
Given the importance of the site for tourism and recreation activities within the site could be organised to contribute towards the maintenance of the site. When activities are organised in the Woodland, a fee should be charged. This fee would depend on the activity taking place and the degree of impact it could have on the site. Donations from visitors to the site should be actively encouraged. The visitors’ centre would be an ideal location to encourage people to visit and subsequently donate.
The revenue generating and self-financing potential of L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti also derives from the multi-pronged promotion and marketing of the Natura 2000 network, as set by the national interpretation strategy, which considers the importance and contribution of each site at the national level, the local (individual site) level, and at the group level (groups of related sites with commonalities). Within this context, the Natura 2000 interpretation strategy will take forward a cohesive implementation programme of innovative mechanisms aimed at direct and indirect revenue generation as well as at the network and individual site level.
Examples of direct revenue-generating initiatives that could be implemented for L-Inħawi tal- Buskett u tal-Girgenti include:
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• Introduction of a discretionary entrance fee, or donation to Buskett, and / or for guided tours and particular interest activities, for example bird watching, in the site as a whole. Where there may be a reluctance to introduce a mandatory entrance fee, the practice of suggesting that visitors leave a donation towards the upkeep a heritage site has proven to be very successful nationally and internationally, often proving to yield more revenue than a small mandatory entrance fee.
• Publication and sale of a guidebook(s) on L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti, and other advertising material, including postcards, badges, fridge magnets, and similar souvenirs.
• Sale on-site of other merchandise not directly related to Natura 2000 but which is environment-related and / or supports sustainable industries, for example, local artisan and cottage industry foods and crafts products; these could be sourced from and showcase Rabat, Dingli and Siġġiewi, thereby also serving to encourage diversification and economic opportunity for local producers.
Examples of network-wide direct revenue-generating initiatives which can be adapted to individual sites, such as L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti, may include:
• Designation of an annual ‘Natura 2000 Day’ (this could be adapted locally as ‘L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti Day’). This would be added to the local calendar of events and, similar to events such as ‘Birgu by Candlelight’, would involve the holding of fairs / activities in a number venues, including within Natura 2000 sites, exposing Natura 2000 by a number of means, including guided tours, talks, promotional stands, and generating revenue through the display and sale of Natura 2000 related merchandise.
• A ‘Friends of Natura 2000’ badge scheme (adapted at the local level as a ‘Friends of L- Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti’ scheme), similar to established charity schemes (such as the ‘Poppy Appeal’), with badges on sale at the visitors centre and elsewhere in Rabat, Dingli and Siġġiewi (or nationally).
• An initiative with hotels and other tourism accommodation providers, as part of their corporate social responsibility programmes, to offer guests the opportunity to round-up their bill, or to give small donation, with the monies going towards the management of the Natura 2000 network (adapted at the local level to apply to hotels and tourism accommodation facilities in Rabat, Dingli and Siġġiewi, with monies directed to L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti and other Natura 2000 sites in the locality). The MTA’s Eco- certification Scheme could be very influential in respect of this initiative. The initiative could also be applied to restaurants and other service providers.
• Creation of one or more ‘Natura Cafes’. Located in popular tourist locations and locations frequented by locals, and not necessarily within Natura 2000 sites, these could be already established cafes, or new cafes, which would act as a showcases and potentially as interpretations centre for the Natura 2000 network. Revenue would be generated from the sale of food and drink and from promotional merchandise / souvenirs. There would be set criteria for qualification as a Natura Cafe, with an emphasis on a sustainable business model (from the products on offer through to environmental management best practise); extension of the MTA’s Eco-certification Scheme to cover cafes and restaurants would be beneficial.
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• An initiative with the Malta Crafts Council to produce and market a nature-themed range of crafts product (possibly a Natura 2000 themed range) that would be available on sale at Natura 2000 visitor centres, Natura cafes, and at other heritage and tourist sites.
• Initiatives with local farmers and producers to produce, market and sell food and drink (for example, honey, cheese, fruit and vegetables, wine, olive oil, etc.) and artisan crafts produced within and in the vicinity of Natura 2000 sites, marketed under the Natura 2000 brand. This would also serve to encourage diversification and economic opportunity for local producers. As an extension of direct-point sale, non-perishable food products and crafts could also be sold on-line.
• Publication and sale of a high-quality photo book showcasing the Natura 2000 network, possibly commissioning professional photographers, but alternatively produced as the product of a photographic competition; this ‘coffee table’ book could be published in conjunction with postcards and other promotional images from the range.
Examples of network-wide in-direct revenue-generating initiatives which can be adapted to individual sites, such as L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti, may include:
• Recruitment of ‘Natura 2000 Ambassadors’ (adapted at the local level as ambassadors for L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti, or for Malta’s woodland sites, for example). These ambassadors would be tasked with raising awareness of the Natura 2000 network (or of individual sites or groups of sites, for example, woodlands) through their everyday activities; the ambassadors could be media personalities, experts in the field, educators, local people (particularly for individual sites), etc.
• Exposure of Natura 2000 at visitor gateways, such as Malta International Airport and all ferry terminals. This could be delivered together with exposure at key tourist locations (Mdina, Dingli Cliffs, for example) and in key tourist publications, including il-Bizzilla, the Air Malta in-flight magazine.
• Initiatives with the Government’s Health Promotion Unit to encourage physical exercise and healthy lifestyles through the enjoyment of the natural environment within the Natura 2000 network. Initiatives could include low impact sporting events / activities (marathons, triathlons, cycling, walks, etc) organised within the network and promoted to advertise Natura 2000 (for example, an annual sporting / recreation activity organised in conjunction with ‘Natura 2000 Day’). It must be ensured that such activities do not negatively affect the site.
• Initiatives with the Department of Education and / or with local schools education facilities to establish better access to nature conservation and the Natura 2000 network. Adapting international best practice, initiatives could include following the ‘nature kindergarten’ models which are a growing trend in Europe and the US, where exposure to and experimentation in nature is seen to significantly benefit child development. Trained nature conservation professionals (possibly site wardens) could host nature sessions with school children of all ages. Additionally, and very applicable to the local level, schools could decide to ‘adopt’ a Natura 2000 site (adapted locally in Rabat, Dingli and Siġġiewi as ‘Adopt L-Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti’).
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• Targeted tourism and recreation initiatives aimed at promoting the Natura 2000 network through working off the existing marketing capacity for rural and coastal recreation activities, for example, walking, cycling, snorkelling, diving, etc.
• Creation of a network-wide ‘Natura 2000 Walks’ initiative, whereby visitors would collect stamps (stamped into a ‘Natura 2000 Walks’ dedicated booklet). A stamp unique to each walk would be ‘collected’ after having completed the walking; a small memento could be awarded to those persons that had collected the stamps of all the Natura 2000 walks.
• Volunteering initiatives aimed at attracting international and local volunteers to undertake maintenance activities related to the ecology, geology, cultural heritage, awareness-raising and interpretation, etc. within Natura 2000 sites (this also has the potential to generate revenue through the introduction of a donation scheme).
• Creation of a Natura 2000 Loyalty Card (potentially operating with the ‘Friends of Natura 2000’ scheme), which would allow visitors to earn points as they visit different sites in the network, affording them discounts on Natura 2000 products and services, on activities carried out within or in the vicinity of Natura 2000 sites (for example, bicycle hire, diving, etc.), and possibly on hotels and restaurants / cafes in the localities, including the Natura Cafes.
A.5.2 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES
In addition to the revenue generating initiatives on a national level, the following funding programmes provide opportunities for funding of the management and interpretation of lI L- Inħawi tal-Buskett u tal-Girgenti, and of the Natura 2000 network:
LIFE
A number of the management actions proposed for the site are eligible for co-funding under the Nature and Biodiversity component of the LIFE initiative.
LIFE is the EU’s financial instrument supporting environmental and nature conservation contributing approximately €3.1 billion to the protection of the environment. Since 1992, LIFE has co-financed some 3954 projects. Recently (09 December 2013) the European Council adopted a new regulation that establishes the Environment and Climate Action sub- programmes of the LIFE Programme for the next funding period, 2014–2020. The budget for the period is set at €3.4 billion in current prices.
The programme will contribute to sustainable development and to the achievement of the objectives and targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy, the 7th Union Environmental Action Programme and other relevant EU environment and climate strategies and plans.
The ‘Environment’ strand of the new programme covers three priority areas: environment and resource efficiency; nature and biodiversity; and environmental governance and information. The new regulation is in force from the 1st of January 2014.
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European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development
The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) is an important funding source for the taking forward of management actions for the site, providing for direct payments to farmers to compensate for implementing Natura 2000 related management requirements. The EAFRD will continue to provide this and several other opportunities to fund Natura 2000 management and interpretation related activities during the EU 2014-2020 funding period. As during 2007-2013, the new round of EAFRD funding includes specific provisions for the LEADER approach, supporting the implementation of EAFRD objectives through the local action groups (LAGs). The new round also includes a provision to support the implementation of European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability, with the objective of promoting a resource efficient, productive, low emission, climate friendly and resilient agricultural sector, and improving processes to preserve the environment, adapt to climate change and mitigate it. This opens up new opportunities for financing Natura 2000 related activities, for example, in the support of innovative approaches for agriculture and farming within and in the vicinity of Natura 2000 sites.
Structural Funds
The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) provides some opportunities to fund Natura 2000 management activities during the period 2014-2020, with a number of actions eligible under the ‘Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services’ stream of the initiative; the ERDF provides for direct support for the protection of biodiversity and ecosystem services. There is also potential for funding for management and interpretation activities indirectly, through the ERDF’s support for broader sustainable development, for example, through the protection and promotion of cultural heritage.
The Cohesion Fund delivers a wide range of measures linked to the management of Natura 2000, as well as wider green infrastructure, and will continue to provide an important funding opportunity for Natura 2000 management actions during the 2014-2020 funding period. These funds can directly support restoration and conservation measures as well as support investments in sustainable tourism, awareness-raising, training and education, and communication and information activities relating to Natura 2000. Opportunities for Natura 2000 management are also available through investment support in the broader sustainable development sphere, for example, supporting investment in the adaptation to climate change.
The European Social Fund (ESF) addresses the support of economic and social cohesion but offers the opportunity for funding of actions and activities with possible indirect links to Natura 2000 management, for example, enhancing the competitiveness of small and medium-sized Natura 2000-related enterprises.
Horizon 2020
Horizon 2020 is the new EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, aimed at contributing to the creation of growth and jobs in research, innovation and technological development. The Programme will run from 2014 to 2020, with approximately €80 billion budgeted for this period. Thematic areas of interest for Natura 2000 include health, sustainable agriculture, the bio-economy, climate action, resource efficiency and raw materials.
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Horizon 2020 offers opportunities for Natura 2000 management-related activities in respect of the research, development and testing of new management approaches and the evaluation and monitoring of management regimes.
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ANNEX 6 MAPS
This section includes the maps of the site in A3 format.
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Natura 2000 Management Plan A.6.1 BOUNDARY MAP
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A.6.2 HYDROLOGY MAP
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Natura 2000 Management Plan A.6.3 GEOLOGY MAP
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A.6.4 CULTURAL HERITAGE MAP
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Natura 2000 Management Plan A.6.5 LAND USE MAP
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A.6.6 HABITATS MAP
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Natura 2000 Management Plan A.6.7 SIGNAGE MAP
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A.6.8 LAND OWNERSHIP MAP
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Natura 2000 Management Plan A.6.9 VISITOR ACCESS MAP
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A.6.10 ACTIONS MAP
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ANNEX BIBLIOGRAPHY
Council of Europe (1997) Drafting and implementing action plans for threatened species (Council of Europe publishing, Environmental Encounters No 39). Le Maitre, D. C., Gaertner, M., Marchante, E., Ens, E.-J., Holmes, P.M., Pauchard, A., et al. (2011) Impacts of invasive Australian acacias: implications for management and restoration. Diversity and Distributions, 17, 1015-1029. MEPA (2011) Dossier on Wild Fauna in the Maltese Islands: Capture, Killing and Exploitation. St Francis Ravelin: MEPA. MEPA. (2013) Guidelines on managing plant invaders and restoring Native Plant Communities. St Francis Ravelin: MEPA
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Buskett u tal- Girgenti
This is the L-Inħawi tal- Buskett u tal- Girgenti Management Plan that contains available information retrieved up to 2013 for the site. The Management Plan delivers details on site conservation and protection .
The Natura 2000 Management Planning for Malta and Gozo project is funded by the EAFRD and pioneered by MEPA. It is aimed to establish management plans and legal provisions for the management of all terrestrial Natura 2000 sites in the Maltese Islands and to increase awareness of Natura 2000 amongst the general public and stakeholders.
The project started in October 2012 and ended in March 2014. It is considered a milestone in the protection of Malta’s rural environment, as it undertakes necessary actions required in management planning for the 34 terrestrial Natura 2000 sites.
The project involved gathering information, carrying out surveys, defining conservation objectives and identifying management measures, with intensive stakeholder involvement. These management plans are not intended to restrain recreational or other economical activities within these sites, but rather to support the sustainable use of Malta’s natural resources with the involvement of stakeholders.