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4. Ibid, P. 190. 5. Spadework, 1953, P. 12. 7. Presidential Address to the Society of Antiquaries, Antiquaries Journal, 1975, Vo Notes INTRODUCTION 1. A Hundred and Fifty Years of Archaeology, p. 104. 2. Allen v Thorn Electrical Industries, Ltd. 1907. 3. My First Hundred Years, 1963, p. 189. 4. Ibid, p. 190. 5. Spadework, 1953, p. 12. 6. Archaeology in the Field, 1953, p. 8. 7. Presidential Address to the Society of Antiquaries, Antiquaries journal, 1975, vol. LV, partl, p. 7. 8. Antiquaries journal, 'Excavations at Winchester, 1969. Eighth Interim Report', p. 227. 9. Ibid, pp. 277-8. 10. Ibid, p.278. 11. Antiquaries journal, vol. LV, partl, 1975, p. 5. 12. Ibid, p. 6. 13. On the characteristics of the professions, near-professions and would-be professions, see Kenneth Hudson, The Jargon of the Professions, 1978, pp. 7-12. 14. Myres, op. cit., p. 6. 15. Myres, op. cit., pp. 7-8. 16. Ibid, p. 7. CHAPTER 1 1. Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society: Proceedings during the Years 1849-50, vol. 1, 1851. 2. On this, see Stuart Piggott, 'County Archaeological Societies', Antiquity, June 1968. 3. Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society. Proceedings during the Years 1948-9, vol. XCIV, 1950, p. 28. 4. Year of the Society's foundation. 5. Vol. X, 1930, p. 393. 6. Vol. I, 1921, p. 76. 7. Vol. II, 1922, p. 391. 8. Vol. II, 1922, pp. 390-1. 9. Vol. II, 1922, p. 68. 186 Notes 10. Vol. II, 1922, p. 69. 11. Vol. XIII, 1933, p. 173. 12. Vol. II, 1922, p. 269. 13. The well-known journal on early archaeology, Mat&iaux pour l'histoire de /'hom me. 14. Vol. VII, 1927, pp. 185-6. 15. Vol. XXI, 1941, p. 84. 16. Vol. I, 1921, p. 242. 17. Vol. XII, 1933, pp. 474-5. 18. Vol. IX, 1929, p. 46. 19. Vol. VI, 1926, p. 451. 20. Vol. IX, 1929, p. 251. 21. Vol. XVII, 1937, p. 449. 22. Vol. XIV, 1934, p. 196. 23. Vol. XIII, 1933, p. 64. 24. Vol. I, 1921, p. 145. 25. Vol. IV, 1924, p. 279. 26. Vol. IV, 1924, p. 162. 27. Vol. VIII, 1928, p. 107. 28. Vol. XXI, 1941, p. 241. CHAPTER2 1. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London, vol. X, 1859, p. 144. 2. Now gone. 3. The Antiquarian, vol. I, 1871, p. 79. 4. The Antiquarian, vol. I, 1871, p. 21. 5. Ibid, p. 95. 6. In 1841 The Time:; had a circulation of 28,000 and in 1854 55,000. Its nearest rival, the Morning Post, had 6,600. In that year the Daily Telegraph was started and a few years later it became the first newspaper to sell for a penny. The halfpenny Daily Mail began publication in 1896 and by 1900 this was selling a million copies a day. 7. Joan Evans, Time and Chance: the story of Arthur Evans and his forebears, 1943, p. 108. 8. Ibid, p. 158. 9. The Life-Work of Lord Avebury (Sir fohn Lubbock), 1834-1913, ed. Adrian Grant (his daughter), 1924, p. 14. 10. Ibid, pp. 23-4. 11. Ibid, p. 21. 12. 6 May 1871, p. 6. 13. Ibid, 20 May 1871, p. 13. 14. The best general survey of the part played by the State in this field up to the mid-1930s is Graham Clark's 'Archaeology and the State', Antiquity, vol. 8, no. 32, December 1934. 15. The best account of the work carried out at Silchester from the 1860s onwards is to be found in GeorgeS. Boon, Silchester: the Roman Callium, 1974. Notes 187 16. They are preserved at Reading Museum. 17. Silchester is about eight miles south-west of Reading. 18. Gray was born in 1872 at Lichfield, 'where his father was connected with the cathedral' (Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, vol. 107, 1963, p. 11). After leaving Cranborne Chase, he spent a short time with the Pitt-Rivers Museum in Oxford and then, in 1901, went to Taunton, where he was Secretary and Keeper until 1949. 19. Excavations in Cranbome Chase, vol. 3, 1901, p. 9. 20. Quoted in Joan Evans, Time and Chance, 1943, p. 270. CHAPTER3 1. A Hundred and Fifty Years of Archaeology, 1975, p. 22. 2. Ibid, p. 22. 3. Autobiography and Letters, vol. II, p. 191, 1903. 4. Memoir on the Ruins of Babylon, 1815 and Second Memoir on Babylon, 1818. His other work was Narrative of a Residence in Koordistan and on the site of Ancient Nineveh, with journal of a Voyage down the Tigris to Baghdad, and an account ofa visit to Shiraz and Persepolis, 1836. His collections are now in the British Museum. 5. The French Mission Archeologique was founded at almost the same time. 6. My First Hundred Years, 1963, p. 111. 7. Op. cit.' p. 153. 8. A Hundred and Fifty years of Archaeology, p. 406. 9. Ibid, p. 92. 10. Such an attitude was not peculiar to British excavations. The American archaeologist, George Reisner, held very similar views. He went to Egypt in 1897 and worked there until he died in 1942, living at the Howard-Boston camp near the Pyramids. His recipe for success was that 'good pay, steady work, kind but firm trearment, must be the basis of all oriental faithfulness. Good work and faithfulness must be rewarded and the opposite punished. Mistakes in this matter are fatal.' In his obituary of Reisner (Antiquity, vol. XVII, no. 67, September 1963), J. W. Crowfoot wrote: 'He was innocent of the acquisitive foibles of an older generation of antiquaries and a Puritan of the Puritans in the matter of the purchase of small antiquities, knowing how much science has suffered from clandestine digging in Egypt and how easily an excavation camp may be turned into a den of thieves'. 11. Margaret Murray, op. cit., p. 117. 12. Later Keeper of the Ashmolean. There was considerable irony in the fact that he eventually came to hold the same post as Arthur Evans. 13. Joan Evans Time and Chance, 1943, p. 340. 14. Quoted in Joan Evans, Time and Chance, p. 341. 15. Ibid, p. 351. 16. Preface to the English edition of Emil Ludwig's SchliemannofTroy: the Story of a Gold-Seeker, 1931. 1 7. On this, see Lynn and Gray Poole, One Passion, Two Loves: the Schliemanns of Troy, 1962, p. 171. 18. Spadework: Adventures in Archaeology, 1953, p. 11. 188 Notes 19. Adventures in Archaeology, p. 1 7. 20. This was a prestigious organisation. It had been founded in 1898, under the patronage of Kaiser Wilhelm II and received considerable financial support from the State. 21. 1938 Pelican edition, pp. 51-2. 22. Spadework, p. 63. 23. Mallowan's Memoirs, 1977, p. 302. CHAPTER4 1. Preface to the volume for 1871. 2. His autobiography, Said and Done, 1955, is very useful in this respect. 3. Antiquity, vol. X, no. 40, December 1936, p. 386. 4. Vol. XI, no. 37, March 1938. 5. Antiquaries journal, vol. 57, part I, 1977, pp. 7-8. 6. Mallowan'sMemoirs, 1977, pp. 237-8. 7. Wheeler's first attempts at involving commercial interests had been ten years earlier at Caerleon, when he had scandalised the traditionalists by getting money from the Daily Mail- see Archaeologia, vol. MCMXXVIII, pp 111-12. 8. Eric C. Gee, a Birmingham undergraduate. Undated letter in the archives of the Dorset Archaeological Society. 9. Letter dated 8 October 1936, in the archives of the Dorset County Museum. 10. Letter to Col. Drew, 13 July 1936, in the archives of the Dorset County Museum. 11. Ronald W. Clark, Sir Mortimer Wheeler, 1960, pp. 65-6. 12. Dorset County Chronicle, 19 September 1935. 13. Sir Mortimer Wheeler, Still Digging, 1955, pp. 104-5. 14. Still Digging, 1955, p. 72. One young archaeologist who learned a great deal as a result of working with Wheeler was Dame Kathleen Kenyon, who from 1930, when she was 24, until1935 was a leading member of the considerable staff employed at Verulamium. After a distinguished archaeological career, especially in the Near East, she became Principal of St Hugh's College, Oxford. She was, as The Times' obituary put it, 'a forceful character, greatly loved by all who worked with her'. Forcefulness was a helpful quality for anyone, male or female, who had to deal satisfactorily with Mortimer Wheeler. It did Dame Kathleen no harm either to have been the daughter of a greatly respected Director of the British Museum, Sir Frederic Kenyon. 15. 17th March, 1976. 16. 1957. 17. 1978. 18. CBA Newsletter and Calendar, July 1979. CHAPTERS 1. What follows is a summary of a long recorded discussion with Dr Radford in Notes 189 June 1978. His eminence as an archaeologist, combined with his remarkable memory, unflagging energy and his wide circle of friends and delightful sense of humour, makes Dr Radford unequalled as a source of information about the personalities of British archaeology over a period of more than half a century. 2. CBA Newsletter and Calendar, April1979. 3. CBA Calendar and Newsletter, April 1979. The 'Notes' were not written specially for this particular issue. They had been in circulation for some time previously. 4. Local History in England, 1959, pp. 3-4. 5. Reprinted in The Listener, 20 January 1972, p. 68. 6. Antiquaries journal, vol. XLIX, part 1, 1969, p. 32. 7. This has been equally true at York, where the work during the early 1970s was on a very large scale and several hundred people took part in the excavation each year. For the financing and labout force at York, see P. V. Addyman, 'Excavations at York', Antiquaries journal, vol. LIV, part2, 1974, pp. 200-201.
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