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Pdf a Pesar Que T Gayana Bot. 70(2),70(2): 2013344-356, 2013 ISSN 0016-5301 Consideraciones taxonómicas y de distribución geográfica de especies chilenas del género Tropaeolum L.: T. reicheanum Buchenau ex Reiche; T. looseri Sparre; T. leptophyllum G. Don y T. myriophyllum (Poepp. & Endl.) Sparre Taxonomic news and geographical distribution of Chilean Tropaeolum L. species: T. reicheanum Buchenau ex Reiche; T. looseri Sparre; T. leptophyllum G. Don y T. myriophyllum (Poepp. & Endl.) Sparre MÉLICA MUÑOZ-SCHICK1,* & ANDRÉS MOREIRA-MUÑOZ2 1Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Casilla 787, Santiago, Chile. 2 Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile. *[email protected] RESUMEN Se exponen antecedentes para la revalidación de Tropaeolum reicheanum Buchenau ex Reiche, para la ampliación del rango de distribución geográfica de T. looseri Sparre; sobre la sinonimización de las subespecies de T. leptophyllum G. Don, y aportes al conocimiento y distribución geográfica de T. myriophyllum (Poepp. & Endl.) Sparre PALABRAS CLAVE: Taxonomía, distribución geográfica, Tropaeolum, Chile. ABSTRACT New aspects for the revalidation of Tropaeolum reicheanum Buchenau ex Reiche are provided, new dates about the distribution of Tropaeolum looseri Sparre, together with the synonymy of T. leptophyllum G. Don’s subspecies, and the knowledge and geographical distribution of T. myriophyllum (Poepp. & Endl.) Sparre KEYWORDS: Taxonomy, geographical distribution, Tropaeolum, Chile. INTRODUCCIÓN reportada una vez en Aisén (Faúndez & Macaya 2000) pero es abundante en la Patagonia argentina; esta última El género Tropaeolum L. es el único representante de la especie antes fue considerada bajo el género Magallana familia latinoamericana de las Tropeoláceas, está distribuido Cav. (Watson & Flores 2010c). La región en Chile que desde el extremo sur de América central hasta Magallanes concentra el mayor número de especies es la de Coquimbo, en Chile (Watson & Flores 2010c); actualmente está con 10 especies (Watson & Flores 2010c), entre ellas tres dividido en 2 secciones, sección Tropaeolum con 78 taxones endémicas de la región: T. austropurpureum (J.M.Watson principalmente tropicales y anuales y la sección Chilensia & A.R.Flores) J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores, T. hookerianum Sparre con 29 taxones mayormente de zonas templadas, Barnéoud y T. x jilesii Sparre emend. J.M.Watson & perennes y con tubérculos (Watson & Flores 2010a). Estos A.R.Flores. autores proponen 23 especies para la sección Chilensia, 21 Watson & Flores (2010a: 217) en su trabajo sobre de ellas presentes en Chile (Watson & Flores 2010c), que Tropaeolum sección Chilensia, hacen un comentario en habitan entre las regiones de Antofagasta y Magallanes. relación al color de las flores en el género. Indican que de La especie T. beuthii Klotsch es la de distribución más acuerdo a estudios de ADN (Hershkovitz et al. 2006) no septentrional, en Tocopilla (22°04’S) y luego aparece en habría especies que tuvieran tanto flores amarillas como Paposo y Taltal (Hernández-Pellicer 2003). En cambio T. de tonos azules. Por esta razón ellos elevan al rango de porifolium (Cav.) L. Andersson & S. Andersson ha sido especie a T. austropurpureum (J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores) 344 Comentarios sobre especies chilenas de Tropaeolum: MUÑOZ-SCHICK, M. & A. MOREIRA-MUÑOZ J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores (de flores color purpúreo) antes Reiche (1896a: 623, 1896b: 359) anota que ha recibido incluido en el complejo de T. hookerianum Barn. (de carta del conocedor más profundo del género, F. Buchenau, flores amarillas) (Watson & Flores 2010b). También estos quien le dice que la variedad T. lepidum var. luteum ha de autores agregan (2010a: 217) que la especie T. reicheanum agregarse al grupo de T. brachyceras Hook. & Arn., bajo el y sus sinónimos adquieren considerable significancia si es nombre de T. reicheanum. redescubierta en la naturaleza para hacerle los estudios de Sparre (1955) y Sparre & Andersson (1991) consideran este ADN correspondientes. taxón como sinónimo de T. azureum Bert. ex Colla y anotan que T. reicheanum se inserta dentro de la variabilidad de 1. REVALIDACIÓN DE TROPAEOLUM REICHEANUM dicha especie y que se diferencia solamente por sus pétalos Tropaeolum reicheanum Buchenau ex Reiche, Anales amarillos. Univ. Chile 94: 264. 1896; Flora 1: 360. 1896. Tipo: Chile, Provincia Aconcagua, Petorca, sin indicación de colector MATERIAL ESTUDIADO (SGO 51269). Material TIPO: Petorca, Hacienda Mauro, Geisse, 1896 [este = Tropaeolum lepidum Phil. var. luteum Reiche, Anales último número 5 ó 6 está reescrito] (Holotipo SGO 51269) Univ. Chile 93: 594. 1896; Flora 1: 302. 1896. Tipo: Chile, (Muñoz-Schick, 1971); Geisse 1895 (Isotipo SGO 72755) Provincia Aconcagua, Petorca, sin indicación de colector (Muñoz M., anotación en 2010). Debemos hacer notar que (SGO 51269). Reiche no tuvo acceso al segundo ejemplar de Geisse (SGO = Tropaeolum luteum (Reiche) Buchenau, Bot. Jahrb. 72755) porque dicha colección fue adquirida para el Museo Syst. 26(5): 583. 1899. Tipo: Chile, Provincia Aconcagua, por C. Muñoz del Depto. de Genética y Fitotecnia en 1942 Petorca, sin indicación de colector (SGO 51269). (ver etiqueta Fig. 1B). AB FIGURA 1. A. Holotipo de Tropaeolum reicheanum, B. Isotipo de Tropaeolum reicheanum. FIGURE 1. A. Holotype of Tropaeolum reicheanum, B. Isotype of Tropaeolum reicheanum. 345 Gayana Bot. 70(2), 2013 NOTAS HISTÓRICAS DESCRIPCIÓN Sparre puso etiqueta de Tipo en el ejemplar SGO 51269 y en Planta trepadora con hojas de pecíolos muy finos, más su publicación de 1955 anota Holotipo en SGO (sin indicar largos que la lámina, ésta dividida en 4-5 folíolos lineares, el Nº). Sparre & Andersson (1991: 42) indican Aconcagua, variables en largo (7-35 mm) por 1,5-2,5 mm de ancho; Petorca y agregan “Hacienda Mauro”, atribuyéndola a una flores solitarias, axilares, de 1,5 -2 cm de largo, 2 cm de recolección de Reiche, pero de acuerdo a los análisis de las diámetro, de pedúnculos finos, más largos que las hojas, con localidades del Herbario General y de Tipos de SGO (Muñoz- cáliz de 11-13 mm de largo, con lóbulos verdes, oblongos, Schick et al. 2012), es G. Geisse (ver SGO 72755); Reiche de 5-8 mm de largo por 2-3 mm de ancho, con un pequeño no visitó dicho lugar y el único colector de allí del siglo XIX mucrón, espolón cónico, oscuro, corto, de 2,5-3 mm de fue G. Geisse. El ejemplar SGO 51269 tiene pegada tanto la largo; pétalos bilobulados, amarillos, que sobrepasan el carta de Buchenau como también otra etiqueta manuscrita cáliz más o menos en el mismo largo de los lóbulos, los de Reiche que dice Provincia de Aconcagua (Petorca, superiores con notorias rayitas oscuras hacia la base. Hacienda Mauro), 1895 [o 1896], sin indicación de colector. (Figs. 1 A, B). Si hubiera sido una recolección propia de Se agregan algunos antecedentes basados en el ejemplar Reiche, aparecería la “R” característica. SGO 158314: éste trepaba sobre Lithrea caustica (Molina) Según el Diccionario de Riso Patrón (1924) la localidad Hook. & Arn., Colliguaja odorifera Molina y Porlieria Mauro (31º57’ S - 71º 02’ W) se encuentra al oriente de chilensis I.M.Johnst. También estaba presente Tropaeolum Caimanes, muy cerca del límite entre las provincias de tricolor Sweet. Dicho ejemplar fue clasificado antes como Choapa (Región de Coquimbo) y Petorca (Región de T. azureum (Figs. 2 A, B) siguiendo el criterio de Sparre & Valparaíso). Andersson (1991). B A C FIGURA 2. A. Tropaeolum reicheanum, Muñoz M., Nº 5010, SGO 158314, B-C. Tropaeolum reicheanum, detalle flor (de Sergio Moreira). FIGURE 2. A. Tropaeolum reicheanum, Muñoz M., Nº5010, SGO 158314, B-C. Tropaeolum reicheanum, flower details (by Sergio Moreira). 346 Comentarios sobre especies chilenas de Tropaeolum: MUÑOZ-SCHICK, M. & A. MOREIRA-MUÑOZ OTRAS RECOLECCIONES Vallenar and Los Morteros, 10 km past Los Morteros, S CHILE, Región de Coquimbo, Depto. de Illapel, Quillaicillo 28º 39’, W 70º26’, 2.293 m”, Hershkovitz 02-99, sin fecha (31º35’ S - 71º 10’ W, según Riso-Patrón, 1924), 18.IX.1952 (SGO) [Dicho material no está depositado en el Herbario “flores amarillas”, Ricardi 2016 (CONC 12676); Región SGO, a pesar de la mención por los autores, por lo cual no se de Coquimbo, provincia Choapa, comuna Salamanca, pudo verificar identidad ni la fecha de recolección]. cajón de Pelambres, 1450 m s.n.m., 1.XII.1996, “flores Watson & Flores (2010a) hacen alusión a esta ampliación, amarillas”, Teillier y Faúndez 3736 (SGO 148041); Región y consideran una distribución geográfica entre la provincia de Coquimbo, provincia Choapa, comuna de Salamanca, de Huasco (al norte) y provincia de Aconcagua, región de Quebrada El Manque, 1.XII.1996 “flores amarillas”, Teillier Valparaíso (al sur) “a partir de una comunicación personal y Faúndez 3735 (SGO 148042); Región de Coquimbo, de M. Muñoz-Schick”. provincia Choapa, Camino Illapel-Salamanca, El Palquial – En su nueva publicación sobre el género, Watson & Flores Peladeros, 31º 58’ 42,2” S - 70º 55’ 32,5” W, 1000 m s.n.m., (2010c) citan un ejemplar de esta especie en la Figura 23: 14. IX. 2008, M. Muñoz 5010 (SGO 158314). “Tropaeolum looseri (F&W 8598) as a lowland scrambling climber. Chacabuco Pass, Aconcagua Province, Valparaiso Region, Chile. September 1997”, la cual sería la distribución 2. AMPLIACIÓN DEL RANGO DE DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE geográfica más austral. Podemos ahora agregar a ella los TROPAEOLUM LOOSERI ejemplares recolectados en la cuesta Las Chilcas, Región Tropaeolum looseri Sparre esta especie fue considerada de Valparaíso, donde conforma una pequeña población muy como endémica de la Región de Coquimbo por Marticorena cercana a la Ruta 5 norte, apoyándose sobre Moscharia et al. (2001), Hernández-Pellicer (2003), y Zuloaga et al. pinnatifida Ruiz & Pav. Crecía a una altitud de 550 m s.n.m, (2008). Sin embargo, Hershkovitz et al. (2006) indican una lo que ampliaría el rango altitudinal propuesto por Watson & localidad más al norte: “III Region: Huasco, road between Flores (2010 c) que es entre 900 y 2.400 m s.n.m.
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