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EL POLEN DE LAS ESPECIES ARGENTINAS DE TROPAEOLUM (TROPAEOLACEAE) Darwiniana, Vol Darwiniana ISSN: 0011-6793 [email protected] Instituto de Botánica Darwinion Argentina Garralla, Silvina; Bulacio, Eva EL POLEN DE LAS ESPECIES ARGENTINAS DE TROPAEOLUM (TROPAEOLACEAE) Darwiniana, vol. 49, núm. 2, 2011, pp. 119-130 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion Buenos Aires, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=66922010001 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto DARWINIANA 49(2): 119-130. 2011 ISSN 0011-6793 EL POLEN DE LAS ESPECIES ARGENTINAS DE TROPAEOLUM (TROPAEOLACEAE) Silvina Garralla1 & Eva Bulacio2 1 Centro de Ecología Aplicada al Litoral - CONICET , Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Casilla de correo 291, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina; [email protected] (autor corresponsal). 2 Fundación Miguel Lillo, Laboratorio de Taxonomía Fanerogámica, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000 San Miguel de Tucu- mán, Tucumán, Argentina. Abstract. Garralla, S. & E. Bulacio. 2011. Pollen of the Argentinean species of Tropaeolum (Tropaeolaceae). Darwi- niana 49(2): 119-130. We analyzed pollen morphology of Tropaeolum argentinum, T. atrocapillare, T. capillare, T. inci- sum, T. meyeri, T. patagonicum, T. pentaphyllum, T. polyphyllum, T. porifolium, T. trialata, T. tubero- sum subsp. silvestre, T. warmingianum subesp. warmingianum and T. willinkii to provide supplemen- tary data for the delimitation of these species. Observations, counting and measuring of pollen grains were carried out under optical and scanning electron microscopes. This study points out that Tropaeo- lum is a stenopalynous genus. Grains are isopolar or isopolar bilateral, radiosymmetric or bisymme- tric, small to medium-sized, triangular to subcircular, anguloaperturate, dicolporate, tricolporate or tetracolporate. The exine is tectate, perforate with reticulum supratectate, heterobrochate, angustimu- rate. Differences among the taxa are discussed, and a palynological key for the Argentinean species of Tropaeolum is presented. Keywords. Argentina; pollen; Tropaeolaceae; Tropaeolum. Resumen. Garralla, S. & E. Bulacio. 2011. El polen de las especies argentinas de Tropaeolum (Tropaeolaceae). Dar- winiana 49(2): 119-130. En este trabajo se analizan las características polínicas de Tropaeolum argentinum, T. atrocapillare, T. capillare, T. incisum, T. meyeri, T. patagonicum, T. pentaphyllum, T. polyphyllum, T. porifolium, T. trialata, T. tuberosum subsp. silvestre, T. warmingianum subesp. warmingianum y T. willinkii con la finalidad de aportar datos para la delimitación de estas especies. Las observaciones, conteos y mediciones de los granos de polen se realiza- ron con microscopio óptico y microscopio electrónico de barrido. El estudio de los taxones pone de manifiesto que se trata de un género estenopalínico. Los granos son isopolares, bila- terales, radiosimétricos o bisimétricos, pequeños a medianos, con ámbito triangular a sub- circular, ánguloaperturados, dicolporados, tricolporados o tetracolporados. La exina es tec- tada, perforada, con un retículo supratectal heterobrocado, angustimurado. Se discuten dife- rencias palinológicas entre los taxones y se brinda una clave palinológica para su diferencia- ción. Palabras clave. Argentina; polen;Tropaeolaceae; Tropaeolum. INTRODUCCIÓN hasta la Patagonia argentina, principalmente por la Cordillera de los Andes (Sparre & Andersson, Tropaeolum L. (Tropaeolaceae), con alrede- 1991). dor de 90 especies, es un género austroamerica- Las especies de Tropaeolum habitan en bos- no que se distribuye desde el sur de México ques, arbustales mixtos, quebradas húmedas, lade- Original recibido el 23 de mayo de 2011, aceptado el 12 de octubre de 2011. 119 DARWINIANA 49(2) 119-130. 2011 ras rocosas y estepas, hasta los 3000 m s.m. Com- la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), prenden hierbas trepadoras o rastreras, con o sin Argentina, bajo la sigla PAL-CTES. tubérculos, fácilmente distinguibles por tener Para las observaciones, conteos, mediciones y hojas peltadas, lobuladas o palmadas; flores cigo- descripciones ópticas se utilizó un microscopio morfas largamente pedunculadas, amarillas, ana- óptico (MO) Olympus Bx 40 y las fotomicrogra- ranjadas o rojas; cáliz bilabiado con 5 sépalos, el fías fueron tomadas con una cámara digital dorsal convertido en espolón, y fruto tricoco que Canon Power Shot S55. De cada ejemplar se se divide en tres mericarpos, de los cuales, por lo midieron los siguientes parámetros: eje polar, general, uno aborta. En su mayoría son plantas diámetro ecuatorial, largo de los colpos, diámetro anuales a excepción de T. pentaphyllum Lam., T. de los poros, mesocolpio, apocolpio, espesor y polyphyllum Cav., T. incisum (Speg.) Sparre y T. capas de la exina. Para cada parámetro se toma- tuberosum Ruiz et Pav. subsp. silvestre Sparre. Los ron medidas de por lo menos 20 granos de polen granos de polen de la familia se caracterizan por por taxón. Estos datos se expresan como rangos y ser reticulados o estriatoreticulados, tricolporados, medias aritméticas para cada parámetro. dicolporados o dicolpados, entre los cuales se Las observaciones y descripciones de las espe- reconocen 12 tipos de polen principales (Huynh, cies fueron complementadas con fotomicrografías 1968). obtenidas con el Microscopio Electrónico de Andersson & Andersson (2000), sobre la base Barrido (MEB) Jeol/JSM- 580 OLV de la Secreta- de estudios moleculares, redujeron la familia a un ria General de Ciencia y Técnica de la Universidad solo género (Tropaeolum), con dos secciones (Tro- Nacional del Nordeste. El material utilizado para paeolum y Chilensia). la obtención de estas fotomicrografías fue previa- La revisión de Tropaeolum para la Argentina, mente acetolizado, montado en una platina metáli- sobre la base de estudios exomorfológicos vege- ca y luego metalizados con oro. tativos, florales, carpológicos y de observaciones La terminología utilizada es la sugerida por de hábitat y hábito (Bulacio & Bernardello, 2005) Erdtman en Nilsson & Praglowski (1992), consul- permitió delimitar 14 especies que se distribuyen tándose también Sáenz Laín (2004) y Punt et al. en las provincias del noroeste, noreste y sur del (2007). país. Este trabajo presenta las características palino- lógicas, observadas con microscopia óptica y Material examinado electrónica de barrido, de las especies de Tro- paeolum delimitadas por Bulacio & Bernardello Tropaeolum argentinum Buch. (2005) para Argentina, con el fin de enriquecer y ARGENTINA. Tucumán. Depto. Trancas, complementar la información taxonómica del acceso a Choromoro, 31/III/2005, Bulacio 822 grupo. (LIL). PAL-CTES N°7450. Tropaeolum atrocapillare Sparre MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ARGENTINA. Salta. Depto. Santa Victoria, Santa Victoria, 22/III/2006, Bulacio et al. 1020 Las muestras proceden de material de herbario (LIL). PAL-CTES N°7452. y de material fresco fijado directamente en el campo con FAA (formaldehído 40% : etanol 70%: Tropaeolum capillare Buch. ácido acético, 1:18:1). Los ejemplares de referen- ARGENTINA. Tucumán. Depto. Yerba Buena, cia se hallan depositados en los herbarios BAB, camino a San Javier pasando 1ra. Confitería, Bula- LIL, LP y SI. El material utilizado fue procesado cio 780 (LIL). PAL-CTES N°7454. según la técnica de acetólisis de Erdtman (1966), utilizando glicerina gelatina como medio de mon- Tropaeolum incisum (Speg.) Sparre taje de los preparados palinológicos para su poste- ARGENTINA. Mendoza. Depto. San Rafael, rior observación al microscopio óptico. Dichos Los Molles, 31/XII/1949, Sleumer 657 (LIL). preparados fueron depositados en la Palinoteca de PAL-CTES N°7460. 120 S. GARRALLA & E. BULACIO. Polen de las especies argentinas de Tropaeolum Tropaeolum meyeri Sparre RESULTADOS ARGENTINA. Tucumán. Depto. Monteros, Km 30 camino a Tafí del Valle, Bulacio 752 (LIL). Las especies de Tropaeolum de Argentina PAL-CTES N°7453. presentan granos de polen con escasas variacio- nes morfológicas entre ellas. Los granos son iso- Tropaeolum patagonicum Speg. polares, isopolares bilaterales, radiosimétricos o ARGENTINA. Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e bisimétricos, pequeños a medianos, con ámbito Islas del Atlántico Su. Depto. Río Grande, Ea. triangular a subcircular, lados rectos a convexos, José Menendez, 10/I/1971, Goodall 3315 (SI). ánguloaperturados, dicolporados, tricolporados PAL-CTES N°7455. o tetracolporados, colpos de márgenes bordes bien delimitados, ora circulares a lalongados. La Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. exina es tectada, de ± 1,4 μm de espesor, unifor- ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires. Pdo. La Plata, me en todo el grano, con sexina con columelas Isla Martín García, área urbana, 21/I/1996, Hurrell simples de 0,7 μm y nexina de 0,7 μm, suprare- et al. 2800 (LP). PAL-CTES N°7457. ticulada. Las observaciones con MEB confirman que la Tropaeolum polyphyllum Cav. exina es tectada, perforada, con un retículo supra- ARGENTINA. Mendoza. Depto. Las Heras, tectal heterobrocado, angustimurado. Los lúmenes Valle de Horcones, 1 km al oeste de la ruta a Chi- del retículo próximos a las aperturas son notoria- le, 6/III/2002, Grau 1280 (LIL). PAL-CTES mente más pequeños que en el resto del cuerpo del N°7459. grano. Los colpos poseen una membrana apertural esculturada. Tropaeolum porifolium (Cav.) L. Andersson & S. Andersson ARGENTINA. Chubut. Depto. Biedma, Dora- Tropaeolum argentinum Buch. (Fig. 1 A-C) dillo, 8 km de Puerto Madryn, 1/X/1996,
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