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Low Impact Development Manual for Southern California: Technical Guidance and Site Planning Strategies

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Low Impact Development Manual for Southern California: Technical Guidance and Site Planning Strategies Low Impact Development Manual for Southern California: Technical Guidance and Site Planning Strategies Southern California Stormwater Monitoring Coalition California LID Evaluation and Analysis Network (SMC CLEAN) May 2019 Original (2010) Developed by: The Low Impact Development Center, Inc. Prepared for: The Southern California Stormwater Monitoring Coaltion in cooperation with the State Water Resources Control Board Updated (2019) by SMC CLEAN: Daniel Apt (Olaunu) J. Michael Trapp, PhD (Michael Baker International) Matt Yeager (Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District) Jeanne BenVau (Michael Baker International) Low Impact Development Manual for Southern California: Technical Guidance and Site Planning Strategies Table of Contents Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................. i Glossary ......................................................................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... vii How to Use This Manual ............................................................................................................................... ix Nomenclature ................................................................................................................................................ xi Section 1 The Impacts of Development and How LID Can Help ............................................................ 1-1 Land Development Effects ..................................................................................................................... 1-2 Considerations and Challenges .............................................................................................................. 1-3 Hydrologic Cycle Effects ......................................................................................................................... 1-5 Section 2 The LID Site Planning and Design Process ............................................................................ 2-1 Step 1: Conduct Site Assessment .......................................................................................................... 2-5 LID Site Assessment – Existing Hydrology ...................................................................................... 2-8 LID Site Assessment – Topography ................................................................................................ 2-9 LID Site Assessment – Soils and Geology .................................................................................... 2-10 LID Site Assessment – Vegetation ................................................................................................ 2-16 LID Site Assessment – Ecoregion ................................................................................................. 2-17 LID Site Assessment – Sensitive and Restricted Areas ................................................................ 2-18 LID Site Assessment – Existing Development ............................................................................... 2-19 LID Site Assessment – Contamination .......................................................................................... 2-20 Step 2. Define Goals ............................................................................................................................ 2-21 Regulatory Goals ........................................................................................................................... 2-21 Environmental Stewardship ........................................................................................................... 2-22 How Much is Enough? ................................................................................................................... 2-22 Step 3: Implementing LID Principles .................................................................................................... 2-23 Maximize Natural Infiltration Capacity ............................................................................................ 2-24 Preserve Existing Drainage Patterns and Time of Concentration ................................................. 2-24 Protect Existing Vegetation and Sensitive Areas ........................................................................... 2-25 Minimize Impervious Area .............................................................................................................. 2-26 Disconnect Impervious Areas ........................................................................................................ 2-27 Minimize Construction Footprint .................................................................................................... 2-30 Revegetate Disturbed Areas .......................................................................................................... 2-31 Implement Source Control Measures ............................................................................................ 2 - 3 4 Step 4: Use LID Structural BMPs to Mitigate Remainder of Impacts ................................................... 2-38 Bioretention .................................................................................................................................... 2-49 Pervious Pavement ........................................................................................................................ 2-69 Capture and Reuse ........................................................................................................................ 2-99 Green Roofs ................................................................................................................................. 2-111 BMP Factsheets ........................................................................................................................... 2-117 Downspout Disconnection............................................................................................................ 2-118 Soil Amendments ......................................................................................................................... 2-120 Vegetated Filter Strips .................................................................................................................. 2-122 Vegetated Swales ........................................................................................................................ 2-124 Infiltration Basins .......................................................................................................................... 2-127 Infiltration Trenches ...................................................................................................................... 2-129 Dry Wells ...................................................................................................................................... 2-131 Dry Ponds .................................................................................................................................... 2-133 Constructed Wetlands .................................................................................................................. 2-135 Media Filters ................................................................................................................................. 2-137 Proprietary Devices ...................................................................................................................... 2-140 Step 5: Evaluate Overall LID Site Plan & Design ............................................................................... 2-143 i Section 3 Case Studies ........................................................................................................................... 3-153 Case Study 1: Commercial Retrofit .................................................................................................... 3-153 Case Study 2: Residential Retrofit ...................................................................................................... 3-155 Case Study 3: Commercial Design..................................................................................................... 3-158 Case Study 4: Residential Development ............................................................................................ 3-161 References ............................................................................................................................................... 3-163 Southern California Master Plant List ................................................................................................. 8 General Plant List .............................................................................................................................. 17 Bioretention Plant List ....................................................................................................................... 26 Vegetated Roof Plant List ................................................................................................................. 29 ii Low Impact Development Manual for Southern California: Technical Guidance and Site Planning Strategies List of Figures Figure 1-2. Urban influences on stormwater runoff. ..................................................................................... 1-3 Figure 1-1. The Hydrologic Cycle. ...............................................................................................................
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