1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 11337 lie buildings of the Federal Government, and. By Mr. HULL: By Mr. TOLLEFSON: for other purposes; to the Committee on H.R. 7841. A bill to designate the new lock H.R. 7849. A bill to strengthen and im­ Public Works. on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, prove State and local programs to combat By Mr. LINDSAY (by request): Mich., as the John .A. Blatnik look; to the and control juvenile delinquency; to the H.R. 7833. A bill to provide civil remedies Committee on Public Works. Committee on Education and Labor. to persons damaged by unfair commercial By Mr. JONES of Alabama: activities in or affecting commerce; to the H.R. 7842. A bill to designate the new lock Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste Marie, merce. Mioh., as the John A. Blatnik lock; to the PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mr. O'KONSKI: Committee on Public Works. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private H.R. 7834. A bill to amend the act pro­ By Mr. McFALL: bills and resolutions were introduced viding aid for the States in wildlife restora­ H.R. 7843. A bill to designate the new lock and severally referred as follows: tion projects with respect to the apportion­ on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, By Mr. DONOHUE: ment of such aid; to the Committee on Mer­ Mich., as the John A. Blatnik lock; to the H.R. 7850. A bill for the relief of Dr. chant Marine and Fisheries. Committee on Publlc Works. Charles 0. Yu and his Wife, Dr. Maria S. By Mrs. BLITCH: By Mrs. PFOST: (Tantongco) Yu; to the Committee on the H.R. 7835. A bill to designate the new lock Judiciary. on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, H.R. 7844. A bill to designate the new lock Mich .• as the John A. Blatnik lock; to the on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, By Mr. FOGARTY: Committee on Public Works. Mich., as the John A. Blatnik lock; to the H.R. 7851. A bill for the relief of Louis C. By Mr. BURKE of Kentucky: Committee on Public Works. Wheeler; to the Committee on the J-udiciary. H.R. 7836. A bill to designate the new lock By Mr. WRIGHT: By Mrs. GRANAHAN: on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, H.R. 7845. A bill to designate the new lock HR. 7852. A bill for the relief of Michael Mich., as the John A. Blatnik lock; to the on the St. Mary's River at Sault Ste. Marie, George Petrakis; to the Committee on the Committee on Public Works. Mich., as the John A. Blatnik lock; to the Judiciary. ' By Mr. CLARK: . Committee on Public Works. H.R. 7853. A bill for the relief of Osanna H.R. 7837. A bill to designate the new lock By Mr. YOUNG: Biagini; to the Committee on the Judiciary. on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, H.R. 7846. A bill to designate the new lock By Mr. KEOGH: Mich., as the John A. Blatnik lock; to the H.R. 7854. A bill to provide tax relief to on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, the Annuity Fund of the Electrical Switch­ Committee on Public Works. Mich., as the John A. Blatnik lock; to the By Mr. COOK: . board and Panelboard Manufacturing rn:. Committee on Public Works. dustry of New York City and the contributors H.R. 7838. A bill to designate the new lock By Mr. CELLER: on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, thereto; to the Committee on Ways and H.R. 7847. A bill to make the uniform law Means. Mich., as the John A. Blatnik lock; to the relating to the record on review of agency Committee on Public Works. By Mr. POWELL: By Mr. GRAY: orders (Public Law 85-791) applicable to the H.R. 7855. A bill for the relief of Janina H.R. 7839. A bill to designate the new lock judicial review of orders issued under the Maciejewska; to the Committee on the Judi~ on the St. Marys River at ·sault Ste. Marie, Federal Aviation Act of 1958 a.nd the Food ciary. Mich., as the John A. Blatnik lock; to the A~ditives Amendment of 1958; to the Com­ By Mrs. ST. GEORGE: Committee on Public Works. mittee on the Judiciary. H.R. 7856. A bill :for the relief of Chester By Mr. HARGIS: By Mr. HOSMER: Josiah Babcock~ to the Committee on the H.R. 7840·. A bill to designate the new lock H.R. 7848. A bill to repeal price support Judiciary. on the St. Marys River at Sault Ste. Marie, subsidies and direct the sale of Commodity By Mr. SCHWENGEL: Mich., as the John A. Blatnik lock; to the Credit Corporation inventory; to the Com­ H.R. 7857. A bill for the relief of Richard Committee on Public Works. mittee on Agriculture. C. Long; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

l REMARKS

A Proposal To Encourage Students' Pur­ high schools, students who purchase The Legacy of Lewis and Clark their own instruments are under the ex­ chases of Musical Instruments isting law obliged to pay the 10 percent excise tax. EXTENSION OF REMARKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS Instruments purchased by schools, OF OF however, are exempt from this tax. HON. FRANK CHURCH I should like also to point out that 93 OF IDAHO HON. JOHN BRADEMAS percent of the sales of band and orches­ OF INDIANA tra instruments in the United States are IN THE SENATE' OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES made to parents, students, private teach­ Thursday, June 18. 1959 Thursdays, June 18, 1959 ers, schools, and religious and character­ Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, it was Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, this building organizations. More than two­ little more than a century and a half week I have introduced in the House of thirds of these sales are made by or for ago that the astute and farsighted Representatives a bill, H.R. '1725, to re­ students. Furthermore, Mr. Speaker, President, Thomas Jefferson, dispatched move the 10 percent excise tax on all more than 80 percent of all musical in­ Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to musical instruments costing $150 or less. struments manufactured are purchased for educational purposes. I am particu­ explore the great American wildernes.S This legislation is aimed at encourag­ larly aware of the problem facing young beyond the Mississippi. The result of ing the purchase of low-cost musical in­ people interested in music because Elk­ that tremendous and courageous under­ struments by students for use in ele­ hart, Ind., which is located in my dis­ taking gave the United States a solid mentary, high school, and college music trict, is ne of the great centers of the claim to the Oregon section of the courses. country. Mr. Speaker, today the study of music band instrument industry in America. The figures I have cited were com­ On this same trek to the Pacific, is accepted as a normal part of the edu­ Lewis and Clark were the first white men cational curriculum of American boys piled in a recent survey by the National and girls, and I feel we should do all we Association of Music Merchants, and I to cross and explore :Part of my own can to encourage young people with tal­ bel1eve they indicate th.e need for a revi­ State of Idaho. Today, a new highway ents in the field of music to play musical sion of the law to reduce the excise tax is being punched through the mag­ instruments. on musical instruments for the many nificently scenic Bitterroot Mountains I should like to emphasize that al­ young people who study music in eur along the same general route followed though music instruction in one form or country. by the explorers as they entered Idaho; another is required in most elementary Mr. Speaker, I hope Yery much that it has appropriately been named the schools and is an elective course in most Congress will adopt my proposal. Le:wis and Clark Highway. 11338 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD- HOUSE June 18 As is well known, this year the State and form a line of communication from sea 'round by sea in such vessels as you may find. to sea. on the western coast.' " of Oregon is observing its centennial. Much of this confidence stemmed from From the beginning, the journals of the As part of the national salute to his his knowledge of the men who were to lead two leaders were packed with new lore about great State, the distinguished and tal· the expendition, particularly his 29-year­ animals, shrubs, and trees. They described ented junior Senator from Oregon £Mr. old private secretary at the executive man­ the antelope, black-tailed deer, prairie dog, NEUBERGER] has written a fascinating sion, Meriwether Lewis. U.S. Government wild upland goat and elk. Between dawn account of the Lewis and Clark Expedi­ ;personnel was spread thin in those days. and dusk, they counted on a single day 52 tion, which appears in this month's The President had to draw on the most in­ separate herds of bison. These covered the issue of Think magazine. I commend timate member of his own staff to head the prairie like a moving cloak. Clark and a it to my colleagues and all others in­ most important exploring party in Ameri­ mountain man named George Drouillard can history. Lewis was quiet, determined nearly lost their lives to a 600-pound bear terested in one of the classic adventures and taciturn. There was about him a which absorbed five or six musket balls be­ of all time. brooding intensity which countenanced no fore it died. This was not the harmless · I ask unanimous consent to have this failure or turning back. Jefferson felt if little black bruin of New England. Ursus dramatic and significant article printed anybody could unlock the inner secrets of horribilis, the frightful bear, Captain Lewis in the RECORD. the North American continent, this was the called the discovery. Today we know this There being no objection, the article man to do it. He had known Lewis since massive creature, with reddish-brown fur was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the latter's boyhood in Albemarle, Va. and pitchforklike claws, as the grizzly. Because the President proposed that Lewis Near the present location of Sioux City, as follows: choose an alternative commander, to take Iowa, Sgt. Charles Floyd died agonizingly THE LEGACY OF LEWIS AND CLARK his place if he should fall, Lewis selected of what Lewis described as colic. From the (By Senator RICHARD L. NEUBERGER) his best friend and military companion, Wil­ symptoms listed in the journals, it may have In this 100th year of membership in the liam Clark. This 33-year-old artillery lieu­ been a ruptured appendix. All of them Union for my native State of Oregon, we tenant was almost the direct opposite of suddenly realized what it meant to be far Americans are eyeing the limitless vistas of Meriwether Lewis. Clark was talkative, from the United States without a doctor outer space. Hope and fascination attend exuberant and outgoing. He was the ex­ in the party and only $55 worth of medicines. these stirring observations. Already our trovert of the expedition, Lewis the somber By popular vote, grizzled Patrick Gass, of satellites travel in far orbit around the earth. intellectual. Clark passed up the officers' Irish descent, was chosen to succeed Floyd A few even have passed beyond the earth's mess to eat with his men. He called gen­ as a sergeant. For the first time Americans ken. On some eventful night, the pioneer erals and Indian scouts, alike, by their first had voted in the immense realm they would spacemen actually may soar out into the names. Despite the fact that one was an one day rule by the ballot. cosmic distances which surround our ter­ Army captain and the other a lieutenant, Winter's snows found them 1,600 miles restrial home. They will be exploring the Lewis assured Clark that his status in the up the Missouri not far from where Bis­ ultimate mysteries of the universe. expedition "shall be equal to my own." marck, N. Dak., stands today. They spent Yet, fragmentary though may be our This pledge was never violated. During 2¥2 the winter among the friendly Mandan In­ knowledge of such incredible sweeps of sky years of lonely ordeals in the wilderness, dians. Here Lewis and Clark acquired an and infinity, it is still greater than that there is record of neither quarrel or tension interpreter, a shiftless halfbreed named known about their itinerary by the first between this remarkable pair of leaders. Toussaint Charbonneau. This ·incident Americans to trek overland to Oregon, Economy was a genuine watchword when Inight never have reached the pages of his­ which in 1959 is conducting extensive cele­ the struggling new Nation was trying to tory had it not been for Charbonneau's In­ brations as it observes the centennial of its stabilize its finances. So, in spite of the dian wife, a lithe 19-year-old Shoshone with statehood. perils ahead, no surgeon accompanied the dark eyes and darker braids. Sacajawea had The names of the leaders were Meriwether expedition. Lewis took a refresher course been stolen from her people and made a Lewis and William Clark. So prodigious was in first-aid and simple remedies from the slave girl. Lewis hesitated to take along the feat they accomplished, without map or illustrious Dr. Benjamin Rush of Philadel­ a woman on the expedition. Still, he needed chart, that the very phrase "Lewis and Clark" phia, and that was it. Congress had allowed the interpreter. He also made note of the bas become practically synonymous with only $2,5()0 for supplies. This barely paid fact that Sacajawea's people were said to exploration. In the spring of 1804 their for arms and trade goods. They would have live back of the high ranges. Perhaps she faces were turned toward a trackless wilder­ to live off the country, because a mere knew the way westward. ness, then more of a riddle than is outer $224 could be invested in rations. Members When the spring of 1805 released the space to us today. No civilized person of of the party were enrolled in the U.S. Army plains from the clutch of snow and ice, any nation knew any verified facts at all at $5 a month for privates, $8 for the three they continued up the Missouri. On May about the domain which lay between St. sergeants and $80 apiece for Lewis and 26, Lewis sighted majestic mountains on Louis, at the junction of the Mississippi and Clark. This was not as parsimonious as it the far horizon. Never before had an Amer­ Missouri Rivers, and the hazy shores of what seems, for all had been promised parcels of ican seen such peaks in his native land. many then called the western ocean-and rich land upon their return. Homestead That night, in the glow of the dancing which we know as the Pacific, mightiest of acreage was a prime source of wealth on campfire, the captain's introspective views earth's sea~. the old frontier. Lewis and Clark had their were confided to his journal: "I beheld the Thomas Jefferson, third President of the pick of many recruits-blacksmiths from Rocky Mountains for the first time. I re­ United States, had just bought Louisiana Kentucky, adventurers from Virginia, car­ flected upon the difficulties which this Territory from France for an eventual total penters from Pennsylvania, farmers from snowy barrier probably would throw in my of $27,267,622. All at once, part o{ the realm Vermont, voyageurs from across the border way to the ocean. I thought of the suffer­ to be traversed by Lewis and Clark had be­ in Canada. It was not hard to enlist 29 ings and hardships of myself and party in come American territory, and yet it waster­ members. them. This in some measure counterbal­ ritory that no American ever had looked Watch them as they row up the languid anced the joy I had felt." upon. Lewis and Clark were headed into a Missouri in May of 1804, the flag with 15 His estimate of difficulties was not exag­ blank expanse on the map of North America. stars flapping symbolically overhead. Clark gerated. The Missouri dwindled into three Their President had bought a package yet to is accompanied by his stalwart Negro ser­ swift but shallow tributaries, which they be opened.. And it covered a fabulous area vant, York. Lewis' big Newfoundland dog, named the Jefferson, Gallatin and Madison of about 1 million square miles; this was 5 Scannon, occasionally scampers along the Rivers in tribute to their patron saint and times the size of France, the nation that had wooded shore. Pvt. Peter Cruzat strums a two members of his Cabinet. They sloshed sold it. lively folk tune on his battered fiddle. With through icy waters to push the boats up At St. Louis, geography ended and legend these argonauts, as they voyage into the rushing rapids. Their ankles were too numb began. Many solid citizens feared that unknown, go the hopes of the litt country to feel pain. Finally they could navigate no Lewis and Clark would come to their deaths along the Atlantic seaboard for eventual further. Gorges hemmed in the stream. amidst jagged peaks of broken glass. Was dominion over vast portions of a continent. They had come to the cradle of what Lewis this because Indians whispered of the Shin­ The British, too, have been probing west­ described as "the heretofore boundless ing or Rocky Mountains, which seemed to ward in the direction of the legendary great Missouri." dent the sky? A few people insisted that River Oregon, which may also be the Co­ With nearly 300 pounds of trade articles Lewis and Clark would drop off the edge of lumbia. Explorers carrying the Union Jack, and ammunition per man, they needed the world for the roundness of our globe like Simon Fraser and Alexander Macken­ horses to cross the forbidding ramparts was not then universally accepted. Prehis­ zie, would like to navigate its turbulent which towered above them. Lewis and three toric monsters snorting fire and brimstone reaches ahead of Lewis and Clark. And in picked companions wandered alone in the were said to inhabit the solitudes which Mr. his kitbag LeWis carries a letter of credit mountains, looking for Indians with ponies Jefferson had purchased. The President in President Jefferson's own handwriting, to barter. At Lemhi Pass, in one of the himself possessed no specific information to drawn on all American counsels in foreign decisive moments of American history, they refute these disturbing rumors, but he felt parts. The President bad ordered Lewis, if met Chief Cameahwait and 60 mounted Sho­ confident that Lewis and Clark could explore the Indian tribes proved too menacing on shone warriors. Lewis had just become the the great wilderness beyond the Mississippi the outbound journey, to "seek a passage first American ever to cross the Continental 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 11339 Divide. Now he and his three subordinates BACK FROM THE WILDERNESS RoGERS of Colorado; H.R. 2788, intro­ faced armed Indian braves who never before The vessel which Jefferson had hoped for duced by Mr. OSMERS; H.R. 2868, intro­ had seen people of white skin. never anchored off the Oregon seacoast while duced by Mr. DONOHUE; and H.R. 4530, · Lewis dropped his gun to the ground Lewis and Clark wintered there. But their introduced by Mr. REuss. and advanced with the flag to meet Cameah­ experiences with the Indians had been main• These bills would amend the Robin­ wait, who came forward on his prancing ly amicable and they did not .shrink from steed. the homeward trek by land. Ironically, how­ son-Patman Act so as to provide for the "Tabba bone, tabba bone (white man)," ever, the brig Lydia from Boston put into the mandatory nature of functional dis­ Lewis kept repeating. He · rolled up his Columbia's mouth less than 3 weeks after counts under certain circumstances. tattered buckskin jacket to show the pale the Lewis and Clark expedition had started Hearings will be held on Thursday, color of his arm. up the majestic river at the end of March, June 25, and Friday, June 26, 1959, at 10 Meriwether Lewis, in that instant, rep­ 1806. By that narrow margin did they miss a.m., room 346, House Office Building. resented the vanguard of the advancing a boat ride around the Horn and back to All persons who wish to appear and Nation which one day would dominate the the United States. continent and relegate such tribes as the As it was, they reached St. Louis on Sep­ testify at the hearings on these bills are Shoshones to crowded reservations. Ca­ tember 23. They had been gone approxi­ requested to notify Mr. Herbert M. meahwait could have given the signal to mately 2'h years and they had journeyed Maletz, chief counsel, Antitrust Sllbcom.. wipe out the four beleaguered strangers about 8,000 miles. Because virtually mittee, room 230, Old House Office Build­ and the whole pattern of North American all hope had been given up for them, ing, telephone Capitol 4-3121, extension development might have been altered, or, they could not have been greeted more sur­ 4853, as soon as possible, and in any at the very least, delayed. But the chief prisedly than we might herald a wayfarer event, before the close of business on slid from hfs horse and embraced President back from outer space today. And surely Jefferson's secretary. outer space contains no more amazing tales June 22, 1959. "Ah hi e [I am much pleased]," he said. than did the western portion of the North Thirty-eight ponies were obtained from American Continent in the bygone era, be­ the Shoshones, a trade which became easier fore maps ever had been made of what is now Proposed Establishment of Senate after Sacajawea proved to be Cameahwaits' our country. CommiHee on Veterans' Affairs long-lost sister. Yet their sternest hardships My friend, the late Bernard DeVoto, dis­ still awaited them-in the endless labyrinth tinguished winner of Pulitzer Prizes for his of the Bitterroot Range, sprawling across writings on the American West, once told EXTENSION OF REMARKS what is now northern Idaho. Their aged me that, if he could have been reincarnated OF Shoshone guide, whom Clark dubbed "Old at any period in history, he would have Toby,'' lost the route. The first snows of chosen to go along with Lewis and Clark. HON. RICHARD L. NEUBERGER fall trapped them on the high ridge above "Imagine," said he, "at the incomparable OF OREGON the Lochsa Fork of the Clearwater River. thrill of being first to see the sources of the Thirty-two adults and Sacajawea's baby­ Yellowstone and the Missouri, to span the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED S.TATES. often had no more than a brace of grouse Rockies, to drink from the headwaters of Thursday, June 18, 1959 to eat during a 24-hour period. Lewis got the Columbia and to come, at last, to the off his horse and gave the seat to a private Pacific from upstream. What other experi­ Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, I with a racking cough. At a chilly meadow ence in our history could possibly compare ask unanimous consent to have printed which they named "Indian Post Office," they with this?" in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD my af• left cairns of rock to guide them on their And, as if to demonstrate that he truly firmative statement to a special subcom­ return journey-if ever they returned. And meant what he said, DeVoto's final request mittee of the Senate Committee on Rules at last they clambered off the Lolo Trail and asked that his ashes be scattered at Indian bivouacked beside the main stem of the Post Office on the Lolo Trail, where still re­ and Administration urging the estab­ Clearwater, where they hollowed out four main the cairns of granite and lava rock lishment of a standing U.S. Senate Com­ huge logs of Ponderosa pine to take them to which guided Lewis and Clark back across mittee on Veterans' Affairs. the sea. the terrible Bitterroots on their return There being no objection, the state­ ON TO THE PACIFIC journey. ment was ordered to be printed in the They shot the Clearwater to the Snake, My wife and I have stood on the high RECORD, as follows: and the Snake to a massive and surging tor­ divide above the Lochsa, beside those fateful rent which could only be the Columbia. and crumbling cairns. A trail threads to STATEMENT BY SENATOR RICHARD L. NEUBERG• They paddled past Indians spearing tons of them through the alpine meadow. It is the ER IN SUPPORT OF RESOLUTIONS To ESTAB• salmon. They looked up at lordly white vol­ only trail there, so it must be the Lolo of LISH A SENATE STANDING COMMITTEE ON canic cones that appeared lost in the heav­ such great destiny. Along that strip of VETERANS' AFFAIRS, SUBMI'rrED TO A SPECIAL ens. One morning Lewis thought he heard forest duff came the first westbound Ameri­ SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE SENATE COMMITTEE the dull boom of artillery. The water had cans long ago, hungry and cold and in quest ON RULES AND ADMINISTRATION a salty tang. Gulls wheeled in the air. of their way. As I looked at the wavering Mr. Chairman, I wish to commend the Sen­ Around noon of November 7, 1805, a dense path, I thought I saw them in my mind's ate Committee on Rules and Administration fog lifted from off the Columbia like the cur­ eye, led by the gallant officer from Albemarle, for establishing a special subcommittee and tain on some mighty stage. They peered in­ Virginia, who had served his President both holding hearings on the four Senate resolu­ tently westward. And there it was, break­ in executive offices and hostile wilderness. tions, sponsored by 35 Members of the Senate, ing in white-capped splendor beyond the And I hoped and prayed that we, in our which would establish a standing Committee bar-the spume and foam of the ocean own era, were worthy of that bygone journey on Veterans' Affairs in the senate. which stretched across the globe to ancient which had accomplished so much for the Such a committee is long overdue, and it Cathay. United States of America. seems only fair that veterans' legislation re­ For the first time, men carrying the ceive careful and sympathetic consideration American flag had spanned the continent. in a committee which devotes itself exclusive­ Clark scrawled enthusiastically in his diary, Notice of Hearings on Proposed Legisla­ ly to veterans' affairs. "OCean in view. Ah, the joy. We are in tion on Functional Discount Bills Since I have been a Member of the Senate, view of the ocean, that great Pacific OCean 1n January 1955, I have joined in sponsoring which we have been so long anxious to see." with my colleague resolutions to establish On the fir-dotted grasslands near the EXTENSION OF REMARKS such a committee. This year well over a ocean, they built the stockade known as OF third of the Members of the Senate have Fort Clatsop. Never before had Americans joined in sponsoring resolutions to establish lived on the Pacific's shores. As these words HON. EMANUEL CELLER a Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs. are written, the U.S. National Park Service OF NEW YORK Jurisdiction over veterans' affairs is con­ is building the Fort 'clatsop National Memo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES centrated in a single standing committee of rial on the site of the ancient fort, in the House of Representatives. This arrange­ memory of the valiant party whose winter Thursday, June 18, 1959 ment has worked well. The House Veterans' there helped to establish their country's Affairs Committee is able to consider the claim to more than half a continent. Yet, Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, as chair· when Lewis and Clark were at Fort Clatsop, man of the Antitrust Subcommittee of great number of legislative proposals deal­ they did not consider themselves within the the House Committee on the Judiciary, ing with veterans. jurisdiction of the United States. One In the Senate, jurisdiction over veterans' I wish to announce the commencement legislation is spread among several commit­ morning Clark carved the cryptic record in of hearings on proposed legislation now the bark of a tall forest giant of Douglas­ tees, which must necessarily deal with many fir: pending before that subcommittee. The other important matters in other fields. Due "Wm. Clark, Dec. 3d, 1805, proposed legislation consists of the fol· to the press of committee business, veterans' By land from the U. States lowing bills: H.R. 848, introduced by Mr. legislation is often sidetracked 1n favor of the In 1804 & 5." MONTOYA; H. R. 927, introduced by Mr. regular committee business. 11340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 'June 18 Federal funds for veterans' services and Number of participants. and deaths in serviCe committee which can devote full time to­ benefits in the 1960 budget total $5.1 billion. during an wars; number of Ziv!ng veterans these matters affecting such a large number 6 .6 percent of the entire Federal budget. end veterans and dependents on compensa­ of our citizens. The committee members The fourth largest expenditure of our Ped· tion and pension rolls, Dec. 31, 1958--con. would be familiar with veterans' problems eral Government Ia for veterans, with onlJ WORLD WAR I (1917-18) fl.nd needs and .could give sympathetic and defense, interest on the debt, and agriculture prompt consideration to proposed legisla­ ,,744,000 receiving a greater share of funds. The vast Pa.rtlctpants------Deaths in service ______tion, protecting both the interest of the score of the Federal veterans' program and I.iiving veterans ______131,000 Nation and the veteran. funds expended demand a Senate committee 2,828; 000 Now that the hearings are being held, I which can devote full time to these matters. Veterans and dependents on compensation and pension urge the Senate Committee on Rules and The nearly 23 m111ion war veterans and Administration to report to the Senate a their dependents who are affected by the rolls:Parents ______12,752 resolution to create a standing Senate Com­ veterans' services and benefits program are mittee on Veterans. I believe that all the entitled to have legislation considered by a VVidows------390,362 Children _____ .______. ___ _ 79,030 Members of the Senate should have an op­ Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Veterans------910, 103 portunity to vote on this important ques­ - For the committee's consideration I ask tion. that a table be included with my statement WORLD WAR II (SEPT. 16, 1940- JULY 25 1947) showing the number of veterans of all wars, 1 116, 535, 000 deaths in service, number of living veter­ Participants ______ans and dependents on compensation and Deaths in service______409, 000 Living veterans ______215, 265, 000 Manipulation of Interest Ceilings pension rolls as of December 31, 1958. These figures were supplied by the Veterans' Veterans and. dependents on Administration. compensation and pension EXJ'ENSION OF REMARKS rolls: OF Number of participants and deaths in service Parents------255, 313 during all wars; number of living veterans VVldows ______Children ______84,665 HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI and veterans and dependents on compensa­ 175,502 tion and pension rolls, Dec. 31, 1958 Veterans------1,648, 988 OF NEW YORK . REVOLUTION (1775-83) KOREAN CONFLICT (JUNE 27, 1950- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 395, 000 Participants------JAN. 31 1 1955) Thursday, June 18, 1959 Deaths in service ______4 , 000 Participants------1 6, 807, 000 Last veteran died Apr. 5, 1869-­ Age 109 Deaths in service______54, 000 Mr. DULS:tp:. Mr._ Speaker, after Age 92 Last dependent died 1906------Living veterans ______2 5, 423, 000 serious consideration of the special mes­ WAR OF 1812 (1812-48) Veterans and dependents on sage to Congress from President Eisen­ Participants------­ 536,000 compensation and pension hower, calling for abolition of the legal Deaths in service--'------­ 2, 000 rolls:Parents ______ceiling on Government bond interest Last veteran died May 13, 1905 __ Age 105 36, 207 rates and the increase in the debt ceil­ Last dependent died 1946 ______Age ? 9,944 VVidOWS------Children ______~ ------_ ing, I am convinced of the need for the MEXICAN WAR (1846-48) 36,207 208,030 separation of the two items for consid­ Participants------130, 000 Veterans------Deaths in service ______13,000 l'OTAL, ALL WARS eration and feel that every possible ave­ Last veteran died Sept. 3, 1929 __ Age 98 3 nue of approach should be explored be­ Participants ------31, 858, 000 Dependents on compensation Deaths in service______989, 000 fore crashing the interest ceiling bar­ and pension rolls: Living veterans ______'22, 717, 000 rier which has served our Nation so well. . VVidows------Children ______4 Veterans and dependents on for 40 years, through wars, inflation, and 1 compensation and pension depressions and recessions. CIVIL WAR (1861- 65) rolls: 6 320,492 The present tightening of credit has Participants (Union Forces Parents------Widows ______been a deliberate, manmade effort to only)------2,213,000 Children ______• 583, 483 Deaths in service (Union Forces 7 289,327 drive up interest rates, with the coopera­ only)------364,000 Veterans------'2, 898,264 tion of Wall Street, the bankers, and the I,.ast veteran died Aug. 2, 1956 t Includes 1,476,000 who served in both ~ederal Reserve Board. (Union Forces only)------­ Age 109 World War II and the Korean conflict. The Federal Reserve System was or­ :Veterans and dependents on 2 Includes 935,000 with service in both compensation and pension ganized to aid the fiscal activities of the World VVar II and the Korean conflict. Federal Government. The Federal Re­ rolls: a Persons who served in more than one war Widows (Union and Con­ are counted as participants in each. serve Board has the weapons such as 3,514 federate Forces)------­ • Includes approximately 90,000 former open market operations, the discount, Children (Union and Con­ members of the (peacetime) Regular Estab­ the reserve requirement, to establish in­ federate Forces)------­ 828 lishment who are receiving VA disability terest rates at any level, up or down. It :Veterans (Confederate Forces compensation. 2 can modify its present policy and mod­ only)------1 Includes 16,217 parents of deceased former INDIAN WARS (APPROXIMATELY members of the (peacetime) Regular Estab­ erately support the prices of Federal 1860-98) lishment. bonds at low interest rates, to enable the Participants------106,000 6 Includes 14,302 widows of deceased former Government to borrow long term money Deaths in service ______1, 000 members of the (peacetime) Regular Estab­ without breaking the 4%-percent ceiling. Living veterans ______73 lishment. When Government, through the con­ Veterans and dependents on ., Includes 10,524 children of deceased for­ compensation and pension mer members of the (peacetime) Regular Es­ stitutional right of Congress to regulate rolls: tablishment. the value of money, ceases to regulate it by surrendering to the economic royal­ VVidows------Children ______788 The proposal for the establishment of a 22 ists, we are then crossing the thin waver­ Veterans------73 standing Committee on Veterans' Affairs is not a new one. It was recommended in 1946 ing line between liberty and tyranny. SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898- by the Joint Committee on the Organiza­ This point is a good spot and a good 1902) tion of Congress, the famous La Follette­ time for a start toward returning to the Participants ------392,000 Monroney committee. Neither is the pro­ Congress of the United States its con­ Deaths in service ______11,000 posal fo~ such a committee a partisan rec­ Living veterans ______46,000 stitutional independence and integrity Veterans and _dependents on ommendation. The four Senate resolutions as a policymaking body by reversing the compensation and pension to establish such a committee are sponsored process of concentration of economic rolls: by members of both political parties. It power in the hands of a few-to defy Parents------­ s also has the strong support of all major veterans' organizations. those who are attempting to destroy the VVido~------Children ______79,904 2,430 It seems only fair to me that veterans' safeguards which stood us well !or ~0 Veterans------41,531 legislation should be considered by a single years. 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 1134t Our national debt is concentrated· in. Uniform editorial opinion throughout originator 'of the commercial lease pro­ the hands of big bankers who are de­ the country is also in vigorous opposi­ gram for financing construction of new manding the necessary nourishment of tion to this measure. post o::ffices, Hon. Arthur E. Summerfield. increased interest rates. This debt is Consumers everywhere recognize this The Postmaster General spoke at both primarily a compilation of war debts. It as just another special interest effort to the dedication and the luncheon, and is unfortunate that as a matter of social put a hand into their pockets. Econ­ following his luncheon address presented justice, that men, against their will, are omists have said that this measure will a motion picture, "The World's Most required to serve as ~oldiers, and wealth, Mechanized Post Office," the story of the cost between $1.4 and $12.4 billion dol­ modernization and mechanization of the on the other hand, is not conscripted to lars a year to the consuming public. serve on an equal basis. Washington, D.C., post office. Many of Raising of the interest ceiling is a poor The letter follows: my colleagues in Congress visited this way to turn off the faucet of bank credit OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT, pilot plant of postal improvement here from adding its flood of monetary pur­ Washington, D.C., May 27, 1959. in the Nation's Capital when it was for­ Mr. CHARLES F. FORT, chasing power to feed the existing in­ President, Food Town Ethical Pharmacies, mally dedicated on March 3 of this year. flationary spiral. It is taking money Inc., Post Office 2911, Baton Rouge, La. The new Kalamazoo post office, like out of the pockets of all of the people DEAR MR. FoRT: Some time has elapsed the Washington post office, is a symbol in order that it may find its way back since you wrote me concerning so-called fair of the great advances being made in the into the pockets of a few of the people. trade legislation, and I want you to know mail service under the leadership of It will decrease the real incomes of all that your letter did not go unnoticed. Postmaster General Summerfield. persons receiving fixed incomes through I share your view regarding the dangers to A graphic example of these ad­ our economy involved in this legislation. vances-familiar to many of the Mem­ pensions, prices will be higher, each dol­ You may have noted since you wrote that lar will buy less. It will divert invest­ both the Justice and Commerce Departments bers of this House-is the construction ment funds from private enterprise and have testified against such bills. of some 3,000 urgently needed new post subsidize and enrich wealthy bond­ In my opinion, fair trade or price fixing offices during the past 6 Y2 years. These holders. If interest rates 1ise, business­ is inconsistent in a free enterprise economy. post offices, located in every State in the men will borrow less, and produce less Certainly at a time when we are already Union, have been· built with private It greatly concerned with high prices the pas­ funds and leased to the Post Office De­ goods and employ less workers. will sage of fair trade legislation would contrib­ create a large cyclone cellar of tax­ ute nothing to reasonable price stability or partment, thereby avoiding a virtually exempt Government bonds which will hit future economic growth. impossible demand upon Federal funds the citizens in the pocket and the pocket­ You may be sure that I appreciate having and, at the same time, keeping the books as a method of legalized embezzle­ the benefit of your comments on this mat­ property on local tax rolls to bear a ter. I am glad to have this opportunity to share in the costs of local government. ment by artificial manipulation of in­ extend my best wishes to you. ' terest ceilings without any clear man­ Sincerely, As I was privileged to point out in my date or necessity. It will drive up the RICHARD NIXON. own remarks at the post-dedication cost of -homes, hospitals; schools, and luncheon in Kalamazoo, under the ad­ roads, and feed the upward cost spiral ministration of President Eisenhower of Government financing. and the leadership of Arthur E. Sum- · Are we in Congress going to be men, Father of the Modern Post Office - merfield in the Post Office Department, or rubber stamps? Are we going to be the Department has been making revo­ a meek and willing partner to this EXTENSION OF REMARKS lutionary strides in automation and pyramiding of the public debt? Are we OF mechanization;· methods of transporta­ going to place this heavy butden of in­ tion have been modernized and ad­ creased money .costs upon the backs of HON. AUGUST E. JOHANSEN justed to changing overall transporta­ our citizens? OF MICHIGAN tion patterns in the United States; re­ There is a fundamental principle of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES search and experimentation have been fiscal policy involved in this matter of Thursday, June 18, 1959 established as a vital activity in the De­ interest rates that should be met head on partment; rates have been revised and with candor and courage, and I for one Mr. JOHANSEN. Mr. Speaker, on last placed on a more realistic basis; liberal urge the retention of the current interest Saturday, June 13, citizens in the largest and progressive personnel policies-in­ ceiling as the soundest policy that we city in the Third District of Michigan­ cluding substantial pay increases-have can follow. the district I have the honor to repre­ been inaugurated. All of this has been sent in this House-participated in the done with the cooperation and support dedication of a new modern post office of the Congress on a basis which tran­ at Kalamazoo, Mich. scended party lines. Opposition to Fair Trade Legislation The occasion marked the culmination Only recently the Nation has been of more than 4 years of planning and given a dramatic demonstration of the EXTENSION OF REMARKS anticipation-and many more years of a potential of missile mail-a develop­ OF growing need for more adequate postal ment, I am sure, which would have fired HON. JOHN D. DINGELL facilities for a dynamic, growing, thriv­ the enthusiasm of the imaginative and ing Michigan city, OF MICHIGAN inventive Benjamin Franklin, first Post­ I share with the citizens of Kalamazoo master General of the United States. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the personnel of the Kalamazoo post I not only was honored to welcome Thursday, June 18, 1959 office, headed by Postmaster John Van Postmaster General Summerfield to Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pur­ Eck, their pride in this impressive, well­ Kalamazoo and the Third Michigan suant to permission granted I wish to engineered, modern-equipped new postal District, but I was delighted on this insert in the RECORD a copy of a letter facility. dedicatory occasion-and I am here­ from the Vice President of the United Highlight of the dedication ceremonies to pay tribute to his enormous and con­ States, the Honorable RICHARD NIXON, in and of a postdedication luncheon, the tinuing contributions to an improved opposition to fair trade legislation. latter sponsored by the Kalamazoo postal service, moving toward the de-, The distinguished Vice President joins Chamber of Commerce and attended by clared goal of next-day delivery of first­ a solid front of Government agencies, representatives of all segments of com­ class mail anywhere within the country, including the Department of Justice, the munity life, was the participation of the For what he has done, and is doing, Department of Commerce and the Fed­ Postmaster General of the United States, I salute Postmaster General Summer­ eral Trade Commission, in opposing native of Michigan, son of one of the field as the father of the modern post H.R. 1253. State's two original rural carriers, and office.