DOCSLIB.ORG

The Good King Also by Margaret L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Good King Also by Margaret L The Good King Also by Margaret L. Kekewich Editor; PRINCES AND THE PEOPLES: FRANCE AND THE BRITISH ISLES, 1620–1714 (1994) Edited with Colin Richmond, Anne F. Sutton, Livia Visser-Fuchs and John L. Watts; THE POLITICS OF FIFTEENTH CENTURY ENGLAND: JOHN VALE’S BOOK (1995) Edited with Peter Elmer, Nick Webb, Anthony Lentin, Fiona Richards and Susan Khin Zaw; THE RENAISSANCE IN EUROPE: THE IMPACT OF HUMANISM (2000) With Susan Rose; BRITAIN, FRANCE AND THE EMPIRE, 1350–1500 (2005) The Good King René of Anjou and Fifteenth Century Europe Margaret L. Kekewich © Margaret L. Kekewich 2008 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2008 978-1-4039-8820-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-54201-7 ISBN 978-0-230-58221-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230582217 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kekewich, Margaret Lucille, 1939– The good king : René of Anjou and fifteenth century Europe Margaret L. Kekewich. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. René I, King of Naples and Jerusalem, 1409–1480. 2. France–Kings and rulers–Biography. 3. Europe–History–15th century. 4. Anjou, House of. 5. Angers (France)–History. I. Title. DC102.8.R4K45 2008 945′.705092–dc22 2008016314 10987654321 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 To the memory of my parents Arthur and Winifred Kekewich Contents Acknowledgements ix List of Illustrations x Maps xii Genealogical table xiv List of Abbreviations xv Introduction: ‘Good’ and ‘Bad’ Kings 1 1 Anjou, Bar, Lorraine and Provence 11 Introduction 11 Young René 15 Disaster 27 The administration of the apanage 32 Conclusion 42 2 Naples: the ‘Italian Wasp-Nest’ 45 Introduction: the Angevin Empire 45 The other Hundred Years War 48 1380–1434: a graveyard for the Angevins 48 King René: 1435–1442 54 John of Calabria and the end of the Angevin enterprise 68 Conclusion: two Renaissance princes 76 3 The End of the Hundred Years War 80 Introduction 80 René redux 83 Two weddings and a truce 91 The question of Maine 105 The reconquest of Normandy and Guyenne 116 Crisis in England 122 Conclusion 131 4 René’s Court 134 Introduction 134 Court locations 138 vii viii Contents Family, courtiers and servants 147 The arts: making and patronage 155 Literature 155 Painting and sculpture 169 Devotion and chivalry 183 Conclusion 191 5 The Dissolution of René’s apanage 198 Introduction 198 The first demise of Lancaster 201 The League of the Public Good 209 ‘King of Aragon’, count of Barcelona 215 1470/71: the ‘Annus Horribilis’ 223 The dissolution of the apanage 229 Conclusion 244 Conclusion: the Paradox of the Good King 247 Bibliography 255 Index 267 Acknowledgements The staff of the National Archives, Kew, of Rare Books and Manuscripts in the British Library and the Warburg Institute, University of London, have been of great assistance in the preparation of this book and I am most grateful to them. I would also like to express my thanks to the late Janet Backhouse, Jim Bolton, Ralph Griffiths, Maureen Jurkowski, Nigel Ramsay, John Reid, Colin Richmond, Susan Rose and the members of the Late Medieval Seminar at the Institute of Historical Research for their advice. A number of friends in England and France have been most supportive, especially Anne Alexander, Gladys Bland, Lesley Daimond, Kenneth and Jean Lewis. The staff at Palgrave/Macmillan, particularly Michael Strang, Ruth Ireland and the consultant Barbara Slater, have been very pleasant and constructive to work with. My husband, Peter Fawcett, has helped me in so many ways that rather than enumerate them I can only offer him my profound thanks. Margaret Lucille Kekewich, London, 2008 ix List of Illustrations Cover: Tomb of king René of Anjou and his first wife, queen Isabelle of Lorraine formerly in the choir of Saint Maurice cathedral, Angers. Damaged by fire in 1533 and destroyed in 1793, only a few fragments now remain. Drawing by Gaignières, c. 1699. 1. The window from the north transept of the cathedral of 2 St Julian, Le Mans (detail). Photo, Peter Fawcett. 2. Yolande of Aragon, detail from the window in Le Mans 3 cathedral. 3. Statue of king René in the Cours Mirabeau, Aix by David 43 d’Angers, 1819 (detail). Photo Peter Fawcett. 4. Courtyard of the Castelnuovo, Naples. Photo Peter Fawcett. 46 5 a–d. Miniatures of king René, queen Isabelle, their son John 60 of Calabria and his wife Marie of Bourbon. Register of the Confraternity of St Martha, Naples, Archivio di Stato, Ms 58. 6. Arms of king René by Luca della Robbia, formerly displayed 67 on the Villa Pazzi near Fiesole. The Victoria and Albert Museum. Photo, Peter Fawcett. 7 a–c. The castle at Angers: curtain walls, built in the thirteenth 106 century and moat, the lodge built by René c. 1450 and plan. Photos Peter Fawcett. Plan property of Palgrave: see Kekewich and Rose, Britain, France and the Empire, pp. 232–4. 8. The duke of Bourbon views the arms of participating 161 knights held up by a herald. The Book of Tournaments, Paris, BnF Ms fr.2695, f.11. 9. Heart and Ardent Desire arrive at the Hospital of Love. 165 The Book of the Love-Smitten Heart, Paris BnF Ms fr. 24399 f. 58. 10. René in his study. The Mortification of Empty Pleasure, 168 Brussels, Bib.Roy. Ms 10308, f.1. The Warburg Institute. 11. ‘The Virgin Mary in the Burning Bush’ by Nicolas Froment, 175 1476, Saint Saveur cathedral, Aix. The Warburg Institute. 12. Probably Margaret of Anjou, a medal by Pietro da Milano 180 (1463–64). Private Collection. The Warburg Institute. x List of Illustrations xi 13. John Cossa, a medal by Francesco Laurana, 1466. Paris BnF 181 Cabinet des médailles. The Warburg Institute. 14. Tarascon Castle, effigies of king René and queen Jeanne 182 de Laval and inscription, probably by Francesco Laurana. Photo Peter Fawcett. 15. The tomb of Charles I, count of Maine, d.1472, in Le Mans 216 cathedral, probably by Francesco Laurana. Photo Peter Fawcett. 16. Tomb of Ferry of Vaudemont (d.1470) and Yolande of 238 Anjou (d.1483) in church of Saint-Laurent, Joinville, Haute Marne. Made in 1495 by Ferry’s brother Henry of Lorraine, bishop of Metz, and destroyed during the French Revolution. Classical features led L. Maxe-Werly to attribute the tomb to Francesco Laurana, Comptes rendus de l’Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (1899) facing p. 263. Warburg Institute. 17. King René in old age, a modern picture copied from the 243 Mathurin portrait. Hotel d’Arlatan, Arles. Photo Kenneth Lewis. 18. Statue of the young René by David d’Angers near Angers 250 castle, 1853. Photo Peter Fawcett. Maps GUISE Bar LORRAINE BARROIS Nancy MAINE Paris Le Mans Seine Angers e L oir ANJOU xii Garonne Rhone PROVENCE Aix Marseille CATALONIA KINGDOM OF NAPLES Gerona Barcelona Naples Angevin lands in the fifteenth century xiii N Monferrato Asti Milan Pavia Brescia Nice Savona Cremona Genoa Piacenza Rapallo Parma Mantua Venice La Spezia Portovenere Pisa Ferrara Chioggia Leghorn Florence Faenza Forli Ajaccio Siena Arezzo Rimini Piombino Bonifacio Urbino Civitavecchia Tivoli Ostia Rome Aquila Celano Chieti ABRUZZO Cassino Gaeta Caserta Lucera Maddaloni Benevento Foggia Naples Castellamare Troja PUGLIA Salerno Trani BASILICATA Bari Conversano Palermo Taranto Cosenza Tropea Messina CALABRIA Reggio The Angevins in Italy Genealogical Table The House of Capet Peter III count/king of Barcelona, Aragon and Sicily d. 1285 = Constance of Hohenstaufen d.1302 Louis VIII king of France d.1226 The First House of Anjou James II king of Sicily and Aragon d.1327 Alfonso IV king of Aragon d.1336 Frederick II king of Sicily d.1337 Louis IX king of France (saint) d.1270 Charles I of Anjou king of Sicily and Jerusalem d.1285 = Peter II king of Sicily d.1342 Beatrice countess of Provence Peter IV ‘ the Ceremonious’ king of Aragon and Majorca d.1387 Philip III king of France d.1285 Charles II ‘the Lame ’ king of Naples d.1309 Frederick III king of Sicily d.1377 Louis king of Sicily d.1355 Robert ‘the Wise’ king of Naples d.1343 = Louis of Toulouse (saint) d.1299 Sancia queen of Majorca Charles Martel king of Hungary d.1295 Charles d.1328 Philip IV ‘the Fair’ king of France d.1314 Charles count of Valois d.1325 = Martin ‘the Old’ king of Aragon d.1410 Margaret of Anjou John I king of Aragon d.1396 = Yolande of Bar The House of Valois Joanna I d.1382 sp Philip V king of France d.1322 sp John price of Durazzo d.1335 Louis X king of France d.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Albret, Jean D' Entries Châlons-En-Champagne (1487)
    Index Abbeville 113, 182 Albret, Jean d’ Entries Entries Charles de Bourbon (1520) 183 Châlons-en-Champagne (1487) 181 Charles VIII (1493) 26–27, 35, 41, Albret, Jeanne d’ 50–51, 81, 97, 112 Entries Eleanor of Austria (1531) 60, 139, Limoges (1556) 202 148n64, 160–61 Alençon, Charles, duke of (d.1525) 186, Henry VI (1430) 136 188–89 Louis XI (1463) 53, 86n43, 97n90 Almanni, Luigi 109 Repurchased by Louis XI (1463) 53 Altars 43, 44 Abigail, wife of King David 96 Ambassadors 9–10, 76, 97, 146, 156 Albon de Saint André, Jean d’ 134 Amboise 135, 154 Entries Amboise, Edict of (1563) 67 Lyon (1550) 192, 197, 198–99, 201, 209, Amboise, Georges d’, cardinal and archbishop 214 of Rouen (d.1510) 64–65, 130, 194 Abraham 96 Entries Accounts, financial 15, 16 Noyon (1508) 204 Aeneas 107 Paris (1502) 194 Agamemnon 108 Saint-Quentin (1508) 204 Agen Amelot, Jacques-Charles 218 Entries Amiens 143, 182 Catherine de Medici (1578) 171 Bishop of Charles IX (1565) 125–26, 151–52 Entries Governors 183–84 Nicholas de Pellevé (1555) 28 Oath to Louis XI 185 Captain of 120 Preparing entry for Francis I (1542) 79 Claubaut family 91 Agricol, Saint 184 Confirmation of liberties at court 44, Aire-sur-la-Lys 225 63–64 Aix-en-Provence Entries Confirmation of liberties at court 63n156 Anne of Beaujeu (1493) 105, 175 Entries Antoine de Bourbon (1541) 143, 192, Charles IX (1564) 66n167 209 Bernard de Nogaret de La Valette (1587) Charles VI and Dauphin Louis (1414) 196n79 97n90, 139, 211n164 Françoise de Foix-Candale (1547) Léonor dʼOrléans, duke of Longueville 213–14 (1571)
    [Show full text]
  • Scenario Book 1
    Here I Stand SCENARIO BOOK 1 SCENARIO BOOK T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S ABOUT THIS BOOK ......................................................... 2 Controlling 2 Powers ........................................................... 6 GETTING STARTED ......................................................... 2 Domination Victory ............................................................. 6 SCENARIOS ....................................................................... 2 PLAY-BY-EMAIL TIPS ...................................................... 6 Setup Guidelines .................................................................. 2 Interruptions to Play ............................................................ 6 1517 Scenario ...................................................................... 3 Response Card Play ............................................................. 7 1532 Scenario ...................................................................... 4 DESIGNER’S NOTES ........................................................ 7 Tournament Scenario ........................................................... 5 EXTENDED EXAMPLE OF PLAY................................... 8 SETTING YOUR OWN TIME LIMIT ............................... 6 THE GAME AS HISTORY................................................. 11 GAMES WITH 3 TO 5 PLAYERS ..................................... 6 CHARACTERS OF THE REFORMATION ...................... 15 Configurations ..................................................................... 6 EVENTS OF THE REFORMATION
    [Show full text]
  • Kings and Courtesans: a Study of the Pictorial Representation of French Royal Mistresses
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2008 Kings and Courtesans: A Study of the Pictorial Representation of French Royal Mistresses Shandy April Lemperle The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Lemperle, Shandy April, "Kings and Courtesans: A Study of the Pictorial Representation of French Royal Mistresses" (2008). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1258. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1258 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. KINGS AND COURTESANS: A STUDY OF THE PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF FRENCH ROYAL MISTRESSES By Shandy April Lemperlé B.A. The American University of Paris, Paris, France, 2006 Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Fine Arts, Art History Option The University of Montana Missoula, MT Spring 2008 Approved by: Dr. David A. Strobel, Dean Graduate School H. Rafael Chacón, Ph.D., Committee Chair Department of Art Valerie Hedquist, Ph.D., Committee Member Department of Art Ione Crummy, Ph.D., Committee Member Department of Modern and Classical Languages and Literatures Lemperlé, Shandy, M.A., Spring 2008 Art History Kings and Courtesans: A Study of the Pictorial Representation of French Royal Mistresses Chairperson: H.
    [Show full text]
  • Capetian France 987-1328 2Nd Edition Free Download
    FREE CAPETIAN FRANCE 987-1328 2ND EDITION PDF Elizabeth Hallam | 9781317877288 | | | | | Editions of Capetian France by Elizabeth Hallam Inwhen Hugh Capet took the throne of France, founding a dynasty which was to rule for over years, his Capetian France 987-1328 2nd edition was weak and insignificant. But bythe kingdom of France was beginning to dominate the cultural nd Capetian France 987-1328 2nd edition life of western Europe. In the centuries that followed, to scholars and to poets, to reforming churchmen and monks, to crusaders and the designers of churches, France was the hub of the universe. La douce France drew people like a magnet even though its kings were, until aboutcomparatively insignificant figures. Then, thanks to the conquests and reforms of King Philip Augustus, France became a dominant force in political and economic terms as well, producing a saint-king, Louis IX, and in Capetian France 987-1328 2nd edition IV, a ruler so powerful that he could dictate to popes and emperors. Spanning France's development across four centuries, Capetian France is a definitive book. This second edition has been carefully revised to take account of the very latest work, without losing the original book's popular balance between a compelling narrative and an fascinating examination of the period's main themes. This is the 2nd edition of Capetian France which is an enormous improvement from the 1st edition. The work expands into using various medieval documents to tell the story of this almost obscure period My approach to European history has always been more or less random; whatever interesting-looking book happens Capetian France 987-1328 2nd edition turns up in the remainder bin or at a used bookstore.
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX. Have Extensive Schools Also Here
    738 .HISTOBY . OF LIMERICK. projected, from designs by 5. J. M'Carthy, Esq., Dublia, by the Very Rev. Jsmes O'Shea, parish priest, and the parishioners. The Sister of Mercy have an admirable convent and school, and the Christian Brothers APPENDIX. have extensive schools also here. s~a~s.-Rathkede Abbey (G. W: Leech, Esq.), Castle Matrix, Beechmount (T. Lloyd, Esq , U.L.), Ba1lywillia.m (D. Mansell, Esq.), and Mount Browne (J. Browne, Ey.) There is a branch of the Provincial Bank of Ireland, adof the National PgqCJPhL CHARTERS OF LIMERICK, Bank of Ireland here. Charter granted by John ... dated 18th December, 1197-8 . ,, ,, Edward I., ,, 4th February, 1291 ,, ,, ,, Ditto ,, 6th May, 1303 ,, ,, Henry IV. ,, 26th June, 1400 ,, ,, Henry V. ,, 20th January, 1413 The History of Limerick closes appropriately with the recognition by ,, ,, ,, Henry VI. ,, 27th November, 1423 the government of Lord Palmerston, who has since been numbered ~6th ,, ,, ,, Ditto, ,, 18th November, l429 ,. ,, ,, Henry VI., ,, 26th July, 1449 the dead, of the justice and expediency of the principle of denominational ,, ,, ,, Edward VI. ,, 20th February, 1551 education, so far at least as the intimation that has been given of a liberal ,, ,, ,, Elizabeth, ,, 27th October, 1575 modification of the Queen's Culleges to meet Catholic requirements is con- ,, ,, ,, Ditto, ,, 19th March, 15b2 , Jrrmes I. ,, 8d March, 1609 cerned. We have said appropriately", because Limerick was the first Amsng the muniments of the Corporation is an Inspex. of Oliver Cromwell, dated 10th of locality in Ireland to agitate in favour of that movement, the author of February, 1657 ; and an Inspex. of Charles 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Peers of France and Princes of the Blood Author(S): Richard A
    Peers of France and Princes of the Blood Author(s): Richard A. Jackson Source: French Historical Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Spring, 1971), pp. 27-46 Published by: Duke University Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/286105 Accessed: 28-02-2020 15:19 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Duke University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to French Historical Studies This content downloaded from 131.130.169.5 on Fri, 28 Feb 2020 15:19:50 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Peers of France and Princes of the Blood Richard A. Jackson A very serious problem arose on the eve of the coronation of Henry II of France in 1547. It had been decided that three of the "old" Peers of France (the Duke of Guyenne, the Count of Flanders, and the Count of Champagne) were to be represented respectively by the Duke of Guise (Claude of Lorraine), of Nevers (Francis of Cleves), and of Montpensier (Louis II of Bourbon). Since the dukes normally preceded the counts, and since Flanders preceded Champagne, Montpensier found himself in a subordinate position.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Finalthesis Weber Pdf.Pdf
    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FRACTURED POLITICS: DIPLOMACY, MARRIAGE, AND THE LAST PHASE OF THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR ARIEL WEBER SPRING 2014 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in Medieval Studies with honors in Medieval Studies Reviewed and approved* by the following: Benjamin T. Hudson Professor of History and Medieval Studies Thesis Supervisor/Honors Adviser Robert Edwards Professor of English and Comparative Literature Thesis Reader * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT The beginning of the Hundred Years War came about from relentless conflict between France and England, with roots that can be traced the whole way to the 11th century, following the Norman invasion of England. These periods of engagement were the result of English nobles both living in and possessing land in northwest France. In their efforts to prevent further bloodshed, the monarchs began to engage in marriage diplomacy; by sending a young princess to a rival country, the hope would be that her native people would be unwilling to wage war on a royal family that carried their own blood. While this method temporarily succeeded, the tradition would create serious issues of inheritance, and the beginning of the last phase of the Hundred Years War, and the last act of success on the part of the English, the Treaty of Troyes, is the culmination of the efforts of the French kings of the early 14th century to pacify their English neighbors, cousins, and nephews. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Plantagenet Claim to France...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus
    NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings by Philip Schaff About NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings by Philip Schaff Title: NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf203.html Author(s): Schaff, Philip (1819-1893) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Print Basis: New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1892 Source: Logos Inc. Rights: Public Domain Status: This volume has been carefully proofread and corrected. CCEL Subjects: All; Proofed; Early Church; LC Call no: BR60 LC Subjects: Christianity Early Christian Literature. Fathers of the Church, etc. NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Philip Schaff Historical Writings Table of Contents About This Book. p. ii Title Page.. p. 1 Preface.. p. 2 The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret.. p. 3 Title Page.. p. 3 Translator©s Preface.. p. 3 Chronological Tables to accompany the History and Life of Theodoret.. p. 4 Prolegomena.. p. 9 Parentage, Birth, and Education.. p. 9 Episcopate at Cyrus.. p. 13 Relations with Nestorius and to Nestorianism.. p. 15 Under the Ban of Theodosius and of the Latrocinium.. p. 19 Theodoret and Chalcedon.. p. 22 Retirement after Chalcedon, and Death.. p. 24 The Condemnation of ªthe Three Chapters.º. p. 26 The Works of Theodoret.. p. 28 Contents and Character of the Extant Works.. p. 30 Manuscripts and Editions of Separate Works.. p. 41 The Anathemas of Cyril in Opposition to Nestorius.. p. 42 Counter-statements of Theodoret.. p. 43 The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret.. p. 52 Book I. p. 52 Prologue.--Design of the History.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hundred Years'
    Europe in the 6c Charlemagne: 742 to 814 Charlemagne’s Empire Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800 The Carolingian Renaissance Carolingian Empire/Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne (Metz, Germany), early ninth century Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843 The Rise of European Monarchies: England Vikings, Magyars, Mongols… Many of the Nations or “Ethnicities” were formed during the Middle Ages Germanic Tribes merged with Norsemen, Celts, etc. Northern Slavs- Modern-day Poles, Czechs, Russians, etc. Pagans to Roman Catholics or Eastern Orthodox Viking Age Explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates who raided, traded, explored and settled in wide areas of Europe, Asia and the North Atlantic from the late 8th to the mid-11th century. These Norsemen (Northmen) used their famed longships to travel as far east as Constantinople and the Volga River in what would become Russia, and as far west as Iceland, Greenland, and Newfoundland ---- (Minnesota’s Kensington Runestone c.1364?) As far south as Al-Andalus Spain Medieval history of Scandinavia, Great Britain, Ireland and the rest of Europe in general. Norsemen-Normans, Russians- Novgorod and Kiev, Anglo-Saxons, Jutes, Danes, Swedes, etc. Two views of the Oseberg ship (Oslo) English Monarchies House of Normandy - 1066-1154 House of Plantagenet -1154-1399 YRichard the Lionheart Y(r. 1189-1199)-Crusades- Saladin YJames I Y(r. 1199-1216)-Magna Carta House of Lancaster – 1399-1461 William I (r. 1066-1087) Change of rulers creation of feudal state Programs of building
    [Show full text]
  • Kings of France - Part 1
    Case study 11 11 Kings of France - Part 1 Objective. This study describes the French royal dynasty since Hughes Capet in 941. Its underlying goal is to study some properties and algo- rithms of widespread tree data structures. This first document of a series of two analyzes the dynasty of Kings of France, stores it in a database and extracts some simple information from it. The next study will be devoted to the derivation of more complex information. Keywords. genealogy, tree, cyclic data structure, interval, ordering rela- tion, temporal query, de Morgan law. 11.1 Introduction Kings and queens generally have complicated lives, full of wars, plots, crimes, betrayal, family affairs, political alliances, unhappy marriages, mistresses, lovers, bastard and hidden children. Just to begin with. The genealogy of Kings of France is one of the most turbulent, and therefore interesting lineages. Fortunately, the Salic law1, edicted by King Clovis I in the 6th century, to which the Frankish government system was submitted, introduced important constraints in the royal inheritance principles that will substantially simplify the representation of French royal lineages in a database. One of the titles 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salic_law 2 Case study 11 • Kings of France - Part 1 (rules) of this law, the agnatic succession, organizes the succession of monarchs. In particular, it strictly excludes women and favours father-son or brother-brother succession, whenever possible.2 This means that, during nearly a millenary, the Kings of France are organized as a simple tree, a structure particularly straightforward to translate into data structures. It is clear that, in this organization, women would have made things much more complicated.
    [Show full text]
  • League of the Public Weal, 1465
    League of the Public Weal, 1465 It is not necessary to hope in order to undertake, nor to succeed in order to persevere. —Charles the Bold Dear Delegates, Welcome to WUMUNS 2018! My name is Josh Zucker, and I am excited to be your director for the League of the Public Weal. I am currently a junior studying Systems Engineering and Economics. I have always been interested in history (specifically ancient and medieval history) and politics, so Model UN has been a perfect fit for me. Throughout high school and college, I’ve developed a passion for exciting Model UN weekends, and I can’t wait to share one with you! Louis XI, known as the Universal Spider for his vast reach and ability to weave himself into all affairs, is one of my favorite historical figures. His continual conflicts with Charles the Bold of Burgundy and the rest of France’s nobles are some of the most interesting political struggles of the medieval world. Louis XI, through his tireless work, not only greatly transformed the monarchy but also greatly strengthened France as a kingdom and set it on its way to becoming the united nation we know today. This committee will transport you to France as it reinvents itself after the Hundred Years War. Louis XI, the current king of France, is doing everything in his power to reform and reinvigorate the French monarchy. Many view his reign as tyranny. You, the nobles of France, strive to keep the monarchy weak. For that purpose, you have formed the League of the Public Weal.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix for “The Feudal Revolution and Europe's Rise: Political
    Appendix for “The Feudal Revolution and Europe’s Rise: Political Divergence of the Christian West and the Muslim World before 1500 CE” August 1, 2012 1 Feudalism and Political Stability To formalize the intuition presented in Section 3.3 using a simple framework, suppose that a perfectly myopic, risk-neutral sovereign imperfectly controls a polity that creates output of size one each period. Denote by γ the amount of land controlled by the military regardless of the actions of the sovereign (this can be interpreted as the percentage of the entire polity controlled by the military). Suppose that there are N perfectly myopic, risk-neutral members of the military (where N is sufficiently large) and that γ is evenly distributed between the members of this class. We consider the parameter value γ exogenously given. A value of γ = 0 corresponds to a perfectly absolutist sovereign (who uses mamluks or mercenaries to staff his military) whereas higher values of γ denote more feudal arrangements. Note that our assumption of perfectly myopic agents allows us to abstract from the potentially important issue of how the sovereign compensates the military (i.e., iqta’ rents versus land grants).1 In addition, we abstract from other important issues in order to focus on the sovereign’s desire to prevent a successful revolt. We do so in order to highlight one mechanism that we believe contributes to the observed increase in ruler duration. The order of play in the game is as follows: after observing γ the sovereign moves first and decides whether to keep the entire amount of output he controls to himself or whether to divide it equally between himself and the military.
    [Show full text]