A SYSTEMATICLIST oF THEMARINE MOLLUSCS OFTnSMANIA StmorlJ.GnovE, RoN C.KrnsHAW, Bnrnru J.SvmH AND ElrzRserHTunrurn Julv 2006 tTr QueenVictoria Museum lasmanla gY andArt Gallery Tis"v rrNNAtitll lsli-tllll mi,ltrlT fi Al "l.f I.AUNCESTON SimonGrove QueenVictoria Museum and Art Gallery OccasionalPaper No. I (2006) Publishedby the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery POBox 403 LAUNCESTONTas 7250 Australia Tel:03-6323 3777 Fax:03-6323 3776 www.qvmag.tas.gov.au O S.J.Grove, Queen Victoria Museum and Ar1 Gallery and Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Frontcover photo: Two marinemolluscs common on Tasmania'sshores - the chiton Sypharochitonpelliserpentis and the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialisplanulatus. Taroona, Tasmania.Photo: Simon Grove. -<ysternatjc -ijsa of ;ie marj.e,?o-z-iuscs af rasmanja, o s.,j. Grove, evMAG & TI{AG 2006. A SvsrEMATrcLrsr oF THpMannqp Monuscs op TaSMANTA SrvtoNJ.Gnovet, RoN C.Kgnsrnw', BRIANJ.SvrrH2 AND ErtzeeErr TuRNpR3 Aucusr 2006 1' 25 TaroonaCrescent, Taroona, Tasmania7}53. 'Late of the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Wellington Street, Launceston,Tasmania 7250. t TasmanianMuseum andArt Gallery,GPO Box 1164, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 . TrtTSPUBLICATIoN IS DEDICATEDTo THEMEMoRIES oF RONKpnsHaw AND BrueN Surrrl CoxrpNrs IxrRonucrroN ......1 AplacoPHoRA ............4 POLYPLACOPHORA .....4 BryervrA.... ......6 ScnpsoPoDA ......20 CppseroPoDA .............21 GasrnoPoDA ......24 RereReNCELrsr ...........62 Ixosx op GpxpRA.SUBGENERA AND Spgcrps ...........64 A systenatjc -ljst af the marine.no-l-luscs of Tasnania. O S.J. crove, QVMAG& TMAG 2006. IxrnonUCTIoN This publicationcomprises a taxonomiclisting of the marinemolluscs currently recognisedas occurring in Tasmania. The defrnitionof Tasmaniaused here comprises all parts of the coast and islandsof the Stateof Tasmania,plus surroundingoffshore waters, extending south to the SouthTasman Rise. However,it excludesthe subantarcticMacquarie Island and surrounding waters,even though these are administrativelypart of Tasmania. Tasmania'smarine mollusc fauna is chiefly a subsetof a largerfauna that is mostly endemic to the cool waters of southeasternAustralia. Hence Tasmaniashares most of its marine mollusc fauna (some 1042 of its 1357 species)with its nearestmainland Australian neighbour,Victoria. It shares787 with New South Wales, 524 with WesternAustralia, and 267 with Queensland- in eachcase, mostly with the more southerncoastlines of theseStates. To the best of our knowledge, 108 speciesare only known in Australia from Tasmanian waters,and 93 appearto be entirely endemicto the State. Few tropical or subtropicalspecies ventureinto Tasmanianwaters; thus Tasmaniaonly sharessome 51 specieswith the Northern Territory. Of the 162 of Tasmania'sspecies that are also found beyondAustralia, most occur in other temperateregions - particularly in New Zealandbut somealso in South Africa, South America or more widely in the SouthernOcean. A few occur widely in the tropical or subtropicalIndo-Pacific. Someof theseare confinedto deeper(and hence predictably cooler) waters wherever they occur, while others are shallow-wateror open-waterspecies whose occulrencein Tasmaniais linked to the relatively wann Leeuwin or East Australian currents that have greatest influence along the State's northwestern and northeastern coasts respectively. Sevenspecies included in this SystematicList list haveprobably been introduced accidentally by humans:Chiton glaucus,Corbula gibba,Kaloplocamus ramosus, MaoricolpLts roseus, Musculistasenhousia, Neilo australis and Venerupislargillierli. While all such speciesare likely to have negative effects on the native fauna, the rosy screw shellMaoricolpus roseus is probably causingthe greatestconcern, as it appearsto readily displacenative speciesand is now spreadingnorthwards along the eastcoast of mainland Australia. Crassostreagigas and Saccostreacucullata glomerata were introducedintentionally into Tasmaniafor marine farming. Crassostreagigas has adaptedwell and is a significantcontributor to Tasmania's economy,while also becominga major feral coloniserof rocky shoresaround the State. Saccostreacucullata glomerata farming, on the otherhand, did not prove successfuland the speciesis still confinedto the vicinity of its areaof introductionon FlindersIsland. Tasmaniahas beenwell servedby conchologistsand malacologistsover the past century,yet it has been many decadessince the last attemptswere madeto produce comprehensiveand contemporarychecklists. For the most part, it has beennecessary to rely on the Check-listof May (1921), or on the lllustratedIndex of May and MacPherson(1958). Whilst these publications,and the SystentaticList producedby Kershaw(1955), provide a good foundation for understandingTasmania's marine molluscs,they no longer reflect the current knowledge base on molluscan taxonomy and distribution in our region. The presentpublication is intendedto bring our understandingof theseaspects of Tasmania'smarine mollusc fauna up to date. In developingthis SystematicList, numeroussources have been consulted. In doing so, it has become apparentthat there continuesto be a lack of agreementamongst taxonomists, systematistsand malacologists(professional and amateur)over the naming of speciesand their positioningin a taxonomichierarchy. Whilst this can be takenas a sign of a healthy A systenatj-c lisE af the narine noffuscs of Tasnania. o s.J. Grove, QVMAG& TMAG2006. level of scientific interest in our marine molluscs, it createsits own problems in the developmentof a definitive systematiclisting. In effect, there is no sucht6iig u, a definitive listing; this publication, like those that have gone before it, will one day be considered outdated' Ratherthan seeing this as a weakness,we take the view that this is the way that our understandingadvances; we welcome feedbackon the choiceswe have made in compiling this Systematic List, and look forward to a revisededition in the yearsto come. For levels of the taxonomic hierarchy above that of species,we have chosen to be conservative in the number of rankings presented,while keeping within the overall framework presentedin the southernsvnlhesis of Beesieyet ar. (r99g), with a few exceptions arising from more recentpublications. Species-levelnomenclature is taken from a range of printed and online published sources,moit of which are listed in the referencessection. We have consultedand relied upon online databases(chiefly the Indo-pacific-wide oBISand the Australian Faunal Directory) 'back6ones' for developingthe of this listing. online sources such as theseare likely to become the sta;da;d againstwhich publicationssuch as ours will be judged in future, but at the time of writing, *.iuu. found ihat they remain inconsistentin their treatmentof taxonomy and in their_assertionsof the presenceor otherwiseof particular speciesin Tasmanian(or indeed Australian)waters. The collectionsof the Tasmanianand Victoria Museums Queen have been invaluablein confirming the presenceor taxonomic statusof someof the more contentiousspecies. Yet despiteour bestefforts, thereremain many specieswhose presence or taxonomicstatus in Tasmaniaremains uncertain. We have includedihese species in the listing but have annotated them accordingly. The full list of annotationsappearing in this listing is a! follo*s: x Tasmanianstatus unconfirmed Taxonomic statusof Tasmanianmaterial uncertain Introducedin Tasmania tr Probablyextinct in Tasmania A DEDICATION There are four co-authors of this publication,all of whom have made importantcontributions to its developmentover the years. Sadly, its publicationhas come too late for Ron Kershaw (1920-2003)and for_Brian Smith (l%9:2006). Ron was an Honorary ResearchAssociate for many years at the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery in Launceston. Brian,s main mollusc work was carried out first as Curator of Invertebratesat the National Museum of Victoria, and later as Curator of Zoology at the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery. Betweenthem they.published many papers,articles and referencebooks on molluscsand other subjects. This SystematicLisi could not have been compiled without their expert knowledge,and the malacologicalworld is poorerfor their passing. AcTNowTEDGEMENTS Special thanks are extended to Dr Richard willan of the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, who reviewed a draft of the Systematic List and made valuable suggestionswhich have beenincorporated into the presentversion. Thanksare also extended to the TasmanianMuseum and Art Gallery and the QueenVictoria Museum and Art Gallery for enabling two of the authors to work on the SystematicList's development. Supportive relativesare also thankedfor their patienceand encouragement. CLASSAPLACOPHORA Suncless CUaEToDERMoMoRpHA Family Chaetodermatidae GenusFalcidens Salvini-Plawen, 1968 l. Falcidenslipuros Scheltema,1989 GenusLeooderma Salvini-Plaw en. 1992 2. Lepodermachiastos lScheltema 1989)[Syn. nrgotegulatus Salvini-Plawen, 19921 Suecras s NEoMENToN4oRPHA Family Lepidomeniidae GenusTegulaherpla Salvini-Plawen, 1983 3. Tegulaherp ia tasmanicaSalvini-Plawen, I 988 CLASSPOLYPLACOPHORA Suecr-assCHELoDNA Onopn Neor-oRrcATA Family Lepidopleuridae GenusLeptochiton Grav. 1847 SubgenusLeptochiton Gray, 1847 1. Leprochiton(Leptochiton) badius (Hedley & Hull, 1909) 5. Leptochiton(Leptochiton) columnarius (Hedley & May, 1908) 6. Leptochiton(Leptochiton) liratus (H. Adams & Angas, 1864)[Syn profundusMay, 1923] 1. Leptoc hiton (Leptochiton)matthews iarzus (Bednall, I 906) Family Choriplacidae GenusChoriplax Pilsbry, 1894 8. Choriplax