DOCSLIB.ORG

Exhibition Documents-Archive Sample

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exhibition Documents-Archive Sample P 1 P 1 3 3 9 FRNS Balloon To Stratosphere 9 FRNS Balloon To Stratosphere 1 1 LOCATION: Augsburg, Germany | INVENTOR: Auguste Piccard with Paul Kipfer LOCATION: Augsburg, Germany | INVENTOR: Auguste Piccard with Paul Kipfer PODS PODS 1931 1931 FNRS BALLOON TO STRATOSPHERE FNRS BALLOON TO STRATOSPHERE 1943 Auguste Piccard and assistant Paul Kipfer reached the stratosphere for the first time in human history in a hermetically sealed 1943 aluminum gondola suspended from the largest balloon ever constructed.1 The balloon was called FNRS, named after the Belgian incoming solar heat 1949 Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, which funded the experiment. At take-off, the balloon barely contained 50,000 cubic 1949 feet of gas, resulting in an elongated pear-shape, and was just sufficient to lift the aluminum capsule housing the two aeronauts, their equipment, and lead ballasts.2 Once at altitude, the balloon could expand to contain 500,000 cubic feet of hydrogen, making 1952 3 1952 compressed Piccard’s balloon the largest ever built at the time. In order to protect the aeronauts from the near vacuum of the stratosphere, the oxygen suspended gondola was sealed and pressurized to one atmosphere. 1959 1959 To sustain human life in the stratosphere, the sealed gondola had internalized systems for pressurization, temperature control 1960 and air composition. The first two did not pose major challenges, however, Piccard’s first flight did not have sufficient temperature 1960 control and reached uncomfortably cold temperatures.4 Later models were painted a combination of black on the bottom half and 5 1960 white on the top and created a comfortable space, usually of 65’F. The problem of pressurization was addressed through the sealing 1960 of the cabin, and pressure would have remained steady if it were not for a leak that occurred during the ascent. An instrument became dislodged and a whistling of air occurred through an installation hole. Piccard quickly patched the leak and pressure was 2% CO2 max limit 1960 6 1960 regained by pouring liquid oxygen on the floor. Maintaining an air composition suitable for human respiration proved to be the biggest te m 68 F i p n heat loss y challenge. e t t r e i at r l u ior a 1963 1963 re u q ir Air conditioning was less a problem of producing oxygen, but of reducing carbon dioxide. In normal air, carbon dioxide occupies a 19631963 0.03 per cent of the mixture. At eight per cent, humans cannot breathe. Two percent causes no adverse effect, and was thus 19631963 -78 F 7 considered to be the maximum proportion of carbon dioxide allowed in the gondola . Eliminating carbon dioxide was also difficult in human alkali carbon metals respiration dioxide a pressurized system, where air cannot simply be expelled. Instead, Piccard utilized the Draeger apparatus, a compact instrument AIR LEAK (CO2 sink) 1964 1964 1500 - 2000 c.c. formerly used in underwater diving technology. It is composed of compressed oxygen that is released through a blower into a tube per minute filled with granulated potassium hydroxide. The potassium hydroxide has the ability to remove carbon dioxide from the air mix, 1966 maintaining a percentage at or below two percent. 1966 x atm @ 1 atm 1966 Auguste Piccard was the first of a dynasty of balloonists, aeronauts, and hydronauts, including his brother Jean Felix and 1966 i n 51,200 ft. te his wife Jeannette; Jacques and Bertrand, his son and grandson respectively; and his nephew Don. After several experiments with rior 1972 balloons, Auguste Piccard’s interests shifted to undersea exploration. The innovations of the sealed cockpit lead to the design of the 1972 8 a bathyscaphe in 1937. ir p ressure 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1974 1974 1974 1974 “The cabin of the FNRS, with Auguste Landing of first flight to stratosphere on “Charles Kipfer (left) and Auguste Piccard seen through the port- 1975 1975 Piccard at the manhole,” from “Earth, a glacier at Ober Gurgl, Austria,” from hole of the 220-pound aluminum gondola,” from Modern Me- Sky and Sea” by Auguste Piccard, 1956 Suddeutsche Zeitung, “Harte, aber chanics. “10-mile Ascent Paves Way for Stratosphere Planes.” 1975 1975 glukluche Landung”, May 24, 2011 Modern Mechanics, August 1931 View of Piccard metal gondola 1976 1976 RESOURCES: 1 Popular Science. “Ten Miles High in an AIR-TIGHT BALL.” Popular Science, August 1931. 1981 1981 2 Modern Mechanics. “10-mile Ascent Paves Way for Stratosphere Planes.” Modern Mechanics, August 1931. 1982 1982 3 Modern Mechanics. “10-mile Ascent Paves Way for Stratosphere Planes.” Modern Mechanics, August 1931. 4 Piccard, Jeannette. “Some Problems Connected with a Stratosphere Ascension.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 27, no. 2 (1935): 122-128. 1991 1991 5 Piccard, Jeannette. “Some Problems Connected with a Stratosphere Ascension.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 27, no. 2 (1935): 122-128. 1994 1994 6 Ryan, Craig. The Pre-Astronauts: Manned Ballooning on the Threshold of Space. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1995 2000 2000 7 Piccard, Jeannette. “Some Problems Connected with a Stratosphere Ascension.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 27, no. 2 (1935): 122-128. Paul Kipfer and August Piccard with their ‘stratospheric’ Important facts of the Piccard-Kipfer balloon, from Modern Mechanics, August helmets 1931 8 Ryan, Craig. The Pre-Astronauts: Manned Ballooning on the Threshold of Space. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1995. 2007 2007 2010 2010 E 3 E 3 4 4 9 Aqualung 9 Aqualung 1 1 LOCATION: France | INVENTOR: Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan LOCATION: France | INVENTOR: Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT 1931 1931 AQUALUNG AQUALUNG 1943 1943 Throughout his career as undersea explorer, researcher, and photographer, Jacques Cousteau sought to further engage man with the ocean world. Along with French engineer Emile 1949 Gagnan, he invented the first aqualung in 1943. At the time of the invention, other devices existed 1949 to enable underwater breathing. However, the significance of the aqualung was its ability for the 1952 diver to stay submerged for much longer periods of time. 1952 In 1943, compressed-air devices already existed in diving technology, notably that of 1959 1959 Captain Yves Le Prieur, who developed an open-circuit compressed-air device in 1925. However, the air supply from the compressed cylinders was not able to be limited and therefore sustained 1960 underwater breathing for only a few minutes.1 During WWII, Gagnan had adapted a demand 1960 regulator that would feed cooking gas to a car’s carburetor in the exact amount the engine 1960 needed. Gagnan’s regulator was then adapted to diving, and the Cousteau-Gagnan aqualung 1960 was patented in 1943. The inclusion of the demand regulator in the aqualung allowed for the flow 1960 of air from the cylinders to be limited, and dive times to be extended to about an hour, depending 1960 on depth. 1963 1963 The aqualung is an open circuit breathing apparatus; a simple system of gas exchange that An early attempt at the aqualung concept releases exhaled oxygen into the water.2 Weighing about 50lbs, the original aqualung consists of 19631963 three cylinders carried on the back of the diver.3 The air in the cylinders, compressed to 150psi at 19631963 sea level, passes through a demand regulator, which lowers the pressure of the compressed air 1964 to that of the surrounding water. The regulator joins to a mouthpiece via two flexible tubes. As the 1964 diver exhales, foul air escapes freely into the water through a one-way exhaust valve. The aqualung 1966 allowed for agile maneuvering underwater and complete inversion, along with deeper descents 1966 and longer dive times, ultimately allowing for greater exploration of the ocean environment. Patent for a divers unit, 1949 1966 1966 The aqualung technology was not an isolated invention. Tailliez, a diving partner of Cousteau, once exclaimed, “each yard of depth we claimed in the sea would open to mankind 1972 300,000km of living space”.4 This begins to explain Cousteau’s position that the aqualung is 1972 one step towards humans’ ability to live underwater. Beyond the aqualung, Cousteau envisioned 1972 a futuristic amphibious man who could operate underwater indefinitely without breathing.5 The 1972 amphibious men would have their lungs filled with a super-oxygenated liquid instead of air. The The demand valve for the aqualung 1972 liquid would be circulated outside the body and through an external re-oxygenating unit attached 1972 to the human, allowing divers to reach estimated depths of 9,000 feet without heavy diving gear. “Someday you may have 50 feet of water over New York City if the icecaps melt,” Cousteau once 1972 1972 said.6 The aqualung is a step towards man’s ability to live sustainably under the ocean surface. 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1974 1974 1974 1974 1975 1975 Patent for a divers unit, 1949 1975 1975 1976 1976 RESOURCES: 1 Colby, Carroll B. Underwater World: Exploration Under the Surface of the Sea (New York: Coward-McCann, 1966) 6-43. 1981 1981 2 Cousteau, Jacques. The Ocean World (New York: H.N. Abrams, 1979) 256-267. 1982 1982 3 Cousteau, Jacques. The Ocean World (New York: H.N. Abrams, 1979) 256-267. 4 Hussein, Farooq. Living Underwater (New York: Praeger Publishing Ltd., 1970) 8-35. 1991 1991 5 “Cousteau Envisions ‘Amphibious Man’,” Los Angeles Times (1923-Current), December 14, 1969. 1994 1994 6 “Cousteau Envisions ‘Amphibious Man’,” Los Angeles Times (1923-Current), December 14, 1969. 2000 2000 Patent for a demand regulator for breathing apparatus, 1963 Patent for a mouthpiece for breathing apparatus, 1964 2007 2007 2010 2010 3 3 6 6 9 Thermoheliodon 9 Thermoheliodon 1 1 LOCATION: Princeton Architectural Laboratory | INVENTOR: Victor and Aladar Olgyay LOCATION: Princeton Architectural Laboratory | INVENTOR: Victor and Aladar Olgyay DOMESTIC LIVING DOMESTIC LIVING 1931 1931 THERMOHELIODON THERMOHELIODON 1943 1943 Post World War II, before mechanical heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems became widely available and affordable, there was a particular interest in developing a new method to design architecture that responds to its climatic context.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Scuba Diving History
    Scuba diving history Scuba history from a diving bell developed by Guglielmo de Loreno in 1535 up to John Bennett’s dive in the Philippines to amazing 308 meter in 2001 and much more… Humans have been diving since man was required to collect food from the sea. The need for air and protection under water was obvious. Let us find out how mankind conquered the sea in the quest to discover the beauty of the under water world. 1535 – A diving bell was developed by Guglielmo de Loreno. 1650 – Guericke developed the first air pump. 1667 – Robert Boyle observes the decompression sickness or “the bends”. After decompression of a snake he noticed gas bubbles in the eyes of a snake. 1691 – Another diving bell a weighted barrels, connected with an air pipe to the surface, was patented by Edmund Halley. 1715 – John Lethbridge built an underwater cylinder that was supplied via an air pipe from the surface with compressed air. To prevent the water from entering the cylinder, greased leather connections were integrated at the cylinder for the operators arms. 1776 – The first submarine was used for a military attack. 1826 – Charles Anthony and John Deane patented a helmet for fire fighters. This helmet was used for diving too. This first version was not fitted to the diving suit. The helmet was attached to the body of the diver with straps and air was supplied from the surfa 1837 – Augustus Siebe sealed the diving helmet of the Deane brothers’ to a watertight diving suit and became the standard for many dive expeditions.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Scuba Diving About 500 BC: (Informa on Originally From
    History of Scuba Diving nature", that would have taken advantage of this technique to sink ships and even commit murders. Some drawings, however, showed different kinds of snorkels and an air tank (to be carried on the breast) that presumably should have no external connecons. Other drawings showed a complete immersion kit, with a plunger suit which included a sort of About 500 BC: (Informaon originally from mask with a box for air. The project was so Herodotus): During a naval campaign the detailed that it included a urine collector, too. Greek Scyllis was taken aboard ship as prisoner by the Persian King Xerxes I. When Scyllis learned that Xerxes was to aack a Greek flolla, he seized a knife and jumped overboard. The Persians could not find him in the water and presumed he had drowned. Scyllis surfaced at night and made his way among all the ships in Xerxes's fleet, cung each ship loose from its moorings; he used a hollow reed as snorkel to remain unobserved. Then he swam nine miles (15 kilometers) to rejoin the Greeks off Cape Artemisium. 15th century: Leonardo da Vinci made the first known menon of air tanks in Italy: he 1772: Sieur Freminet tried to build a scuba wrote in his Atlanc Codex (Biblioteca device out of a barrel, but died from lack of Ambrosiana, Milan) that systems were used oxygen aer 20 minutes, as he merely at that me to arficially breathe under recycled the exhaled air untreated. water, but he did not explain them in detail due to what he described as "bad human 1776: David Brushnell invented the Turtle, first submarine to aack another ship.
    [Show full text]
  • Diving with the Seahorse
    DIVING WITH THE SEAHORSE Omega has achieved a great deal in divers’ watches and was a true pioneer in water-sealed timepieces. The Omega seahorse symbolizing water resistance has even become one of the best known logos. BY JENS KOCH he history of divers’ watches at Omega began not only at an ex - T tremely early point in time but with a timekeeper that was better known for its elegance than its robust construc - tion. This is not surprising, for it was the age of art deco and thus rectangular watches. In 1932, the Omega Marine was already defining revolutionary case making: a double case ensured water re - sistance, while a tensioning lever pushed the inner case against a leather seal. The outer crystal was crafted in scratchproof sapphire, a rarity at the time. The watch was available in rust-free Staybrite steel as well as in gold. A strap crafted in seal leather guaranteed resistance to salt wa - ter, and the folding clasp offered length adjustment. In an extreme temperature test in 1936, three Marine models were placed The Omega Marine, introduced in 1932, with a in water heated to 85° C (185° F) for double case, sapphire crystal, and a strap made of four minutes and then lowered 73 meters saltwater-resistant seal leather HISTORY Omega Seamaster The foundations of a grand line: Seamaster models from 1948, The Seamaster Professional 600 from 1970, nicknamed ProPlof, Those who put their lives on the line need a good watch on their wrists: The Seamaster Professional 100 0m/330 0ft from 1971 with one of them in chronometer version with a monocoque case and security button for the rotating bezel an Omega ad from 1970 for the Seamaster Professional 600 a monocoque case was Omega’s most water-resistant watch.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Summary of Reserve Management Needs for the 2021 Collaborative Research RFP Compiled October 2020
    Annual Summary of Reserve Management Needs For the 2021 Collaborative Research RFP Compiled October 2020 Collaborative research projects supported by the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) Science Collaborative must address a management need of one or more reserves. This document is a compilation of the current management needs within NOAA’s reserve system. Management needs are submitted by reserve managers and updated on an annual basis. This reserve management needs summary supports the development of proposals in response to the 2021 NERRS Science Collaborative Request for Proposals. Potential applicants are encouraged to review the management needs described here and reach out to the point of contact listed for a reserve to discuss the reserve’s current needs and opportunities for collaboration. Project ideas that emerge after this document was developed and do not align perfectly with a specific management need statement, including project ideas that engage multiple reserves, can be considered for funding if the relevance and value to the reserve system and potential end users are well justified in the proposal. Science Collaborative focus areas and reserve management needs reflect both NOAA and reserve priorities set forth in the NERRS strategic plan (climate change, water quality and habitat protection) as well as individual reserve ​ ​ management needs at the local level. Science Collaborative Focus Areas: These management needs are consistent with one or several of the Science Collaborative focus areas, which are: ● Climate change: Research and monitoring related to biophysical, social, economic, and behavioral impacts of ​ habitat change resulting from climate change and/or coastal development. ● Ecosystem services: Understanding how an ecosystem service approach and human dimensions research can ​ be utilized to support the protection and restoration of estuarine systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Idstori Diver
    Historical Diver, Number 15, 1998 Item Type monograph Publisher Historical Diving Society U.S.A. Download date 23/09/2021 19:54:03 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/30858 IDSTORI DIVER "elf[[[! aik of each "ad" i> thii ~don't die without ha<>ing Conowed, >tofw, pmcha>ed o< made a fzefmd of >o<t>, to gfimf»< fo< youudf thi> n£w wo<td." CWJfiam 'Bufn, "23weath 'Jwpia ~ea>" 1928 Number 15 Spring 1998 Cousteau and Hass An early time line • Dr. Peter B. Bennett • O.S.S. Commemorative Stone • Jerri Lee Cross • • Evolution of the Australian Porpoise Regulator • Rouquayrol Denayrouze in Germany • • General Electric Closed Circuit Deep Diving System • • Bibliophiles • Nick lcom • Gahanna Italian Diving Helmet • HISTORICAL DIVING SOCIETY USA HISTORICAL DIVER MAGAZINE A PUBLIC BENEFIT NONPROFIT CORPORATION ISSN 1094-4516 2022 CLIFF DRIVE #119 THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA 93109 U.S.A. THE HISTORICAL DIVING SOCIETY U.S.A. PHONE: 805-692-0072 FAX: 805-692-0042 DIVING HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF e-mail: [email protected] or HTTP://WWW.hds.org/ AUSTRALIA, S.E. ASIA EDITORS ADVISORY BOARD Leslie Leaney, Editor Dr. Sylvia Earle Dick Long Andy Lentz, Production Editor Dr. Peter B. Bennett 1. Thomas Millington, M.D. CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Dick Bonin Bob & Bill Meistrell Bonnie Cardone E.R. Cross Nick Icorn Scott Carpenter Bev Morgan Peter Jackson Nyle Monday Jeff Dennis John Kane Jim Boyd Dr. Sam Miller Jean-Michel Cousteau Phil Nuytten OVERSEAS EDITORS E.R. Cross Sir John Rawlins Michael Jung (Germany) Andre Galeme Andreas B. Rechnitzer Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Specific Directions on the Reading Comprehension of Sixth-Grade Students
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 050 905 RE 003 570 AUTHOR Calby, Diana Heywood TITLE The Effects of Specific Directions on the Reading Comprehension of Sixth-Grade Students. SPONS AGENCY Rutgers, The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J. Graduate School of Education. PUB DATE Jun 71 NOTE 153p.; Thesis submitted partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS *Directed Reading Activity, *Grade 6, Informal Reading Inventory, *Learning Processes, Reading Achievement, *Reading Comprehension, *Reading Research, Reading Tests ABSTRACT The effects of specific directions on the reading comprehension of sixth-grade students were investigated. Two passages on different topics, each with 20 percent of the sentences relevant to the topic, were materials for two informal tests administered to 92 six-grade students. Half of the students were given specific directions to learn about the relevant topic, and the other half were not. The post-test contained questions on the relevant and incidental materials. A Focus Ability test and the Gates-MacGinitie comprehension subtest followed. Findings showed that(1) the results from the two material sections were in conflict,(2) the ability to identify relevant material in a passage was not related to the ability to learn the relevant material selectively,(3) there was a low positive relationship between the ability to identify relevant material and the standardized measure of reading comprehension, and (4) the informal measure of reading comprehension scores were significantly correlated with the standardized measure of reading comprehension scores. Further research was suggested. Tables, appendixes, and a bibliography are included.
    [Show full text]
  • Episode 4 7Th & 8Th Grades
    10-Year-Old Divers Save the Seas! Episode 4 7th & 8th Grades 1 Now, let’s see how well you paid attention! Answer these questions from Episode Four, “10-Year-Old Divers Save the Seas!” Again, watch out for KiSSEA Crew hints!! 1. What does “SCUBA” stand for? Circle the correct answer. a) Schools Can Use Breathtaking Action b) Some Crabs Underestimate Boasting Abalones c) Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus 2 2. At what age(s) can you be a certified scuba diver ? Circle the correct answer(s). 1 10 100 110 3. Who said: “People protect what they love. All of you love the sea. Help us protect her.” Jacques Cousteau Albert Einstein Abraham Lincoln KiSSEA CREW HINT: Jean-Michel Cousteau (Jacques’ son) has a WONDERFUL website at: www.oceanfutures.org!! 3 4. What REALLY happened? Circle the true events on this diving timeline: 1535 - Guglielmo de Loreno developed what is considered to be a true diving bell. 1776 - George Washington uses diving bell to retrieve lost silver dollars in the Potomac river. 1839 - A watertight diving suit was used during the salvage of the British warship HMS Royal George. The improved suit was adopted as the standard diving dress by the Royal Engineers. 1860 - Our father wears dark blue swim fins and trunks while diving for the Union Army and the term “navy seal” is born. 1942-43 - Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan redesigned a car regulator that would automatically provide compressed air to a diver on his slightest intake of breath. The age of modern scuba begins.
    [Show full text]
  • Capturing Digital Lives the Early 1660S, As a Celebrated Public Figure and Emblem of the Early Royal Society
    Vol 461|29 October 2009 AUTUMN BOOKS ILLUSTRATIONS BY JONATHAN BURTON JONATHAN BY ILLUSTRATIONS Reassessing the father of chemistry Robert Boyle’s character is often obscured by the shadow of Isaac Newton, but a masterful biography reveals him as larger than life, explains Peter Anstey. Boyle: Between God and Science with his contemporaries Robert Hooke and with which he has combed the vast quantity of by Michael Hunter Christiaan Huygens, Isaac Newton’s shadow published and unpublished materials — includ- Yale University Press: 2009. 400 pp. has obscured our view of Boyle. But previous ing portraits, printed images and medallions £25, $55 biographers must share the blame for Boyle’s — relating to Boyle’s life. Hunter masterfully faded image, not least the first, Thomas interweaves the narrative of Boyle’s intellectual Birch. Writing in the 1740s with his collabo- development and scientific achievements with In the latter half of the seventeenth century, rator Henry Miles, Birch removed letters and a measured assessment of Boyle’s diffident, Robert Boyle (1627–91) was the leading whole unpublished works from Boyle’s papers even convoluted, personality. natural philosopher in Britain. Yet although in order to perpetuate the anodyne image that The tale begins with Boyle’s domineering historians have been piecing together a more- suited the polite tastes of the day. and ambitious father, Richard, the Earl of Cork, detailed profile of him in the past three dec- Nevertheless, there is no paucity of material and moves through his infancy, childhood and ades, his popular image extends little beyond with which a biographer can work.
    [Show full text]
  • Zootechnologies
    Zootechnologies A Media History of Swarm Research SEBASTIAN VEHLKEN Amsterdam University Press Zootechnologies The book series RECURSIONS: THEORIES OF MEDIA, MATERIALITY, AND CULTURAL TECHNIQUES provides a platform for cuttingedge research in the field of media culture studies with a particular focus on the cultural impact of media technology and the materialities of communication. The series aims to be an internationally significant and exciting opening into emerging ideas in media theory ranging from media materialism and hardware-oriented studies to ecology, the post-human, the study of cultural techniques, and recent contributions to media archaeology. The series revolves around key themes: – The material underpinning of media theory – New advances in media archaeology and media philosophy – Studies in cultural techniques These themes resonate with some of the most interesting debates in international media studies, where non-representational thought, the technicity of knowledge formations and new materialities expressed through biological and technological developments are changing the vocabularies of cultural theory. The series is also interested in the mediatic conditions of such theoretical ideas and developing them as media theory. Editorial Board – Jussi Parikka (University of Southampton) – Anna Tuschling (Ruhr-Universität Bochum) – Geoffrey Winthrop-Young (University of British Columbia) Zootechnologies A Media History of Swarm Research Sebastian Vehlken Translated by Valentine A. Pakis Amsterdam University Press This publication is funded by MECS Institute for Advanced Study on Media Cultures of Computer Simulation, Leuphana University Lüneburg (German Research Foundation Project KFOR 1927). Already published as: Zootechnologien. Eine Mediengeschichte der Schwarmforschung, Sebastian Vehlken. Copyright 2012, Diaphanes, Zürich-Berlin. Cover design: Suzan Beijer Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6298 620 6 e-isbn 978 90 4853 742 6 doi 10.5117/9789462986206 nur 670 © S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eccentric Engineer
    96 TIME OUT COLUMNIST A young engineer’s fear of suffocating underwater led him to create the grab and go solution for the drowning man, with unlikely help from a world-famous tyre company. by Justin Pollard DESIGN Competition But he could see one major What is the Royal Navy limitation with the system: the A QUEST TO SAVE THE submariner smiling about? long tube and surface rig that The wittiest caption emailed tethered the diver. Like Fernez, DROWNING MAN to engtechmag@theiet. he found his answer in the tyre org by 10 July 2015 wins a inflation business. Royal Navy pair of books from Haynes. For rural garages where there submariner in immersion suit with was no compressor, Michelin full escape kit supplied compressed air for inflating car tyres in bottles. Le below. To help the diver cope in Prieur approached Fernez and this high- pressure world, Fernez suggested that they could adapt also invented a pince-nez to his equipment to let divers carry prevent water rushing up the their own air supply strapped to nose, and a set of goggles to let their chest in the form of a them see where they were going. Michelin bottle. To achieve this, This Fernez Model I really did le Prieur invented a pressure work, though it hardly gave the regulator that the diver could diver complete freedom of manually adjust according to movement, as they were attached their depth. Air continually to a surface pump and reliant on passed through the regulator and the chap turning the handle at out of the exhaust, the diver the right rate to keep the air simply breathing the air-stream.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aqua-Lung—Bringing Ocean Exploration to New Depths by Jess Therell
    Assessment 2 Reading Read the passage. Then answer the questions that follow. The Aqua-Lung—Bringing Ocean Exploration to New Depths by Jess Therell 1 Jacques Cousteau was an adventurer and an explorer with a passion for the ocean. He wanted not only to observe what was beneath the ocean’s surface, but also to protect it by making the public aware of its importance. For this reason, many people also view him as an environmentalist. 2 Cousteau accomplished many things during his distinguished career. He helped author dozens of books about the ocean. He made a number of films, and he led several expeditions aboard his ship, Calypso. The explorer even created an underwater camera. Along with an engineer by the name of Emile Gagnan, Cousteau also invented the Aqua-Lung. This was a device that could be used to breathe underwater. Perhaps the most important outcome of the creation of the Aqua-Lung was that it made it possible for more people to explore the ocean’s depths. The Aqua-Lung—An Overview of Its Invention 3 The inspiration for the most important part of the Aqua-Lung was a regulator designed by Emile Gagnan. It was first used for car engines. Its chief feature was that it helped supply the exact amount of fuel needed for an engine to run, reducing unnecessary usage and minimizing waste. 4 Cousteau adapted Gagnan’s invention to create the “demand regulator,” the defining component of the Aqua-Lung system. The regulator is the piece that fits into the diver’s mouth.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Life, Including Fish, Seaweed, and Algae, Represents a Unique and Growing Global Resource for the Production of Nutraceuticals and Functional Food Ingredients
    Marine life, including fish, seaweed, and algae, represents a unique and growing global resource for the production of nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients. Photo copyright © iStockphoto.com/Tammy616 BY CHONG M. LEE, COLIN J. BARROW, SE-KWON KIM, KAZUO MIYASHITA, and FEREIDOON SHAHIDI An expanding body of scientific research indicates that the marine environment is a unique resource of functional food ingredients with health-promoting properties. esearchers may one day find in the ocean including cardiovascular disease risk reduction, immune “ answers to questions that will help to real- function improvement, brain health, and rheumatoid arthri- ize dreams of lengthening life and memory, of tis inflammation reduction. The oils are currently produced Rretarding aging, and of cures for a variety of ill- from fish, algae, krill, seal, and recently from squid. nesses,” stated Jacques Cousteau, who is considered Fish oil with omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic a pioneer of ocean exploration (Cousteau, 1975). acid, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) experienced Much attention has been paid to exploration of poten- a sales increase of 35–40% in 2005–2006 (Hjaltason, tial nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals derived from the 2007). The combined sale of consumer products forti- ocean. While the majority of nutraceutical products in fied with omega-3 fatty acids is estimated to be $19 billion the marketplace are of botanical origin, marine-based globally, according to the Global Organization for EPA and nutraceuticals are gaining attention due to their unique fea- DHA Omega-3 (GOED Omega-3) (Moloughney, 2011). tures, which are not found in terrestrial-based resources. Fish oil is produced from various sources, including A growing body of research indicates the potential for anchovy, menhaden, herring, mackerel, salmon, and cod the marine environment as a unique source of functional liver, and marketed in various forms, most commonly as food ingredients.
    [Show full text]