DOCSLIB.ORG

2317-2322 E-ISSN:2581-6063 (Online), ISSN:0972-5210

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2317-2322 E-ISSN:2581-6063 (Online), ISSN:0972-5210 Tabina Riyaz and Amaninder Kaur Riat 1 Plant Archives Vol. 21, Supplement 1, 2021 pp. 2317-2322 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 Plant Archives Journal homepage: http://www.plantarchives.org doi link : https://doi.org/10.51470/PLANTARCHIVES.2021.v21.S1.380 EFFECTS OF HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS AND CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS AGAINST APHIDS : A REVIEW Tabina Riyaz, and Amaninder Kaur Riat Department of zoology, school of bioengineering and biosciences, Lovely professional university, phagwara, india. Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Aphids are the major pest on crops. Use of chemical pesticides create problems. Chemical pesticides affect the human health, environment and also affects non target organisms. Natural insecticide produced from plants are more promising. The Cymbopogon citratus and Hibiscus rosa sinensis are very important plant which have great effect on insects. The aim of this review to tell about essential oil and extracts which affects insect growth and how much it is ABSTRACT effective. The problem of agriculture crop was pests and these pests are responsible for damaging crops and effect nutritive value. Lemon grass oil repels insects like mosquitoes, aphids due to which it contains citral and also myrcene, citronella, citronellol, and geraniol. The essential oil is derived from aromatic plants has observed as risk free alternatives. Keywords : Aphids, lemongrass, Hibiscus rosa and essential oil. Introduction bamboo like stem, shoot (Siddiqui et al. , 2019). Aphids are tiny sap sucking insects and it belongs to super family Aphids are major agricultural pests that cause important aphidoidae. In Egypt legume crops is infested by sucking production losses of crop plants by causing the damage both through the direct effects of feeding and by vectoring insect called Cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora, Koch) harmful plant viruses. Aphids have distinctive traits for Homoptera: Aphididae. They feed on sap sucking plant and deform plant structure like curling leaves, inhibiting shoot identifying and exploiting their host plants including the growth and decreasing last production and plant strength expression of polyphenisms a form of discrete phenotypic (Abbas et al. , 2016). Many aphids transmit plant diseases like plasticity characteristic of insects taken to extreme in aphids soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Good example of aphids is A (Yu XD et al. , 2016). Aphids are damaging pests on the et plants. Aphids use their stylets to enter the plant tissue to Craccivora which are causing problems of legumes (Abbas al. feed on phloem sap. In addition, some aphids vector , 2016). Throughout the world cabbage aphid are present, Brevicoryne brassicae L. is found in brassica crop and cause important viral diseases of plants (Nalam, 2019). The damage serious destruction and outbreaks. First time in Europe this of aphids is among the most serious of agricultural and aphid was recognized and after that reported other countries horticultural problems. A pest aphid species may affect either of world with temperate climate. The yield loses in many very specific types of crops or a group of related crops hosts example Crucifera or may be quite polyphagous within and cruciferous crops due to aphids feeding on young leaves. between plant families. Aphids cause damage and lower Aphids pick up virus by diseased plant and bring to healthy plants by feeding and cabbage aphids are responsible for it. agricultural yields in several ways they can grow to high Black bean aphids are found on beans, peas, beets, potato, population densities, removing plant nutrients and may also tabaco and many other host plants. These aphid transfer forty damage plants by removing enough sap and hence lead to withering and then death. Salivary secretion of some aphids plant viruses. The plants become stunting, curling leaves, et al. are phytotoxic, causing stunting, leaf deformation, gall deform the structure of plant (Chalise , 2019). However, many pesticides have been approved for control of aphids. formation and therefore damaging the plants. The most New sources are being rapidly examined (Chalise et al. , serious posed by aphids is the vectoring of plant viruses. 2019). Virus infected plants often show an aphid yellowing and have increased free amino acids. Aphids also affects the Cymbopogon citratus belongs to the family poaceae and changing the host metabolism to their advantage and hence order is poales. Cymbopogon citratus , is famous for take over the plants physiological functions (Sorensen, agricultural plant, it is found in India and Srilanka. Parts of 2009). Morphogenetic different soldiers produced by social Cymbopogon citratus are used for some herbaceous aphids to save their colonies. These aphids produce first preparation as well as medical remedies, while essential oil instar sterile soldiers with differentiated parts of body and produced from its leaves are used for perfume and cosmetics. behaviour of defence such as hind leg moving. These aphids The insecticidal activity of C. citratus essential oil has feed on bamboo and cause infection of all body parts of pesticidal activity against some agricultural and non- 2318 Effects of hibiscus rosa sinensis and Cymbopogon citratus against aphids : A Review agricultural pests. Among transmitters, its pursuit against Review of Literature adult and larvae stage of various insects (Kumar et al. , 2012). The major pest of beans is Aphis craccivora in region Lemongrass and west Indian grass are other names of of aphid’s whiteflies and thrips. Flavonoids has important Cymbopogon citratus . The 65-85% citral in addition to properties to attractant pollinators but it is also having myrcene, citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol are repellent property against herbivores. Fertility of aphids et al. composition of lemongrass (Skaria , 2007). By affected. (Naama et al., 2013). Aphids cause diseases like separation of oil from the water is due to condensation, SMV. Aphids cause diseases through infected seed. distillation. Lemongrass oil is used for attraction of swarms Distortion, curling, stunting occurred in plants (Hajimorad et sometimes. The lemongrass oil has ability to repel deadly al., 2017). In this references Botanical oils had great toxic stable fly (Baldacchino et al. , 2013). Combination of effect against treated aphids. Test in which plants extract lemongrass oil and virgin coconut oil are used for were used against the two spotted spider mite T. urticae but aromatherapy. The pharmacological activities of good acaricidal action of plant extract against T. urticae were Cymbopogon citratus are antifungal, antibacterial and anti- chillipepper and lemongrass of their lc50 and lc90 value. In inflammatory. Many other effects have also been studied like haemolymph Spodoptera litura larvae extract of plant antioxidant, antimalarial, hypoglycemic (Shah et al ., 2011). decreased the protein and carbohydrates. Lupine was more The importance of lemongrass oil is used to formation of effective than lemongrass (Abbas et al ., 2016). aflatoxin and control fungal growth of A. flavus in stored rice (Zhang et al. , 2016). Cymbopogon citratus oil is used as In this study depicts that essential oil of garlic, repellent and pesticide against insects. The essential oil of C. soyabean oil and Eucalyptus oil change aphid structure. citratus and citral and their performances change from one These essential oils reduce the population of these aphids. R. variant to other even all are toxic to flies (Pinto et al. , 2015). officinalis, E. golobulus labill, A. sativum used against aphid to checked their effectiveness and repellency (Castresan et Hibiscus rosa Sinensis is also famous for other names al., 2013). such as chinese hibiscus, china rosa, Rose mallow and shoeblack plant. It is found in tropical and sub-tropical Cymbopogon citratus is used in traditional noxious regions but this is not wild. The order is Malavales. pesticidal against various pests. Tested the exertion of phytochemical analysis showed that Hibiscus Rosa contained Cymbopogon citratus oil and its main effective component anthraquinones quinin’s phenols essential oils and steroids. citral is used against various insecticides and in C The flowers and other parts of plant are used to make megacephala . Continuance of post embryonic development, medicine. People use hibiscus for high blood pressure, high weight of larvae, sex, ratio, death index and percentage of cholesterol, and other conditions. It has true leaves, stems external features distortion (Pinto et al., 2015). and roots. Hibiscus plant are fully rich in phytonutrients like The essential oil takes out from C. schoenanthus pectin, malic acid, citric acid, flavonoids etc (Missoum, comprise of a high percentage of monoterpenes. Its vital part 2018). Carl Linnaeus was given the name of Hibiscus rosa was piperitone. The Cymbopogon schoenanthus L . Spreng oil sinensis in 1953 species plantarum (Linnaeus, carl 1753). (Poaceae) was the most venomous to adult and to eggs and Hibiscus rosa sinensis are edible and are used in salads in the neonate larvae. the fourth instar larvae and pupae growing pacific islands. it is used for hair care making and used a ph inside the seed, were bear more. However, these benign indicator. Hibiscus rosa sinensis ash oil is very acceptable in instars were the stages most willingly governed by natural repelling mosquitoes. Hibiscus rosa extract causes death of enemies. 100 seeds and fifty pairs of C. maculatus adults Aedes larvae and the leaf extract of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evaluation of Aphicidal Effect of Essential Oils and Their Synergistic Effect Against Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
    molecules Article Evaluation of Aphicidal Effect of Essential Oils and Their Synergistic Effect against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Qasim Ahmed 1,† , Manjree Agarwal 2,† , Ruaa Al-Obaidi 3, Penghao Wang 2,* and Yonglin Ren 2,* 1 Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Campus, Baghdad 10071, Iraq; [email protected] 2 College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; [email protected] 3 Pharmacy College, Mustansiriyah University, Al-Qadisyia, Baghdad 10052, Iraq; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (P.W.); [email protected] (Y.R.) † These authors contributed equally to this paper. Abstract: The insecticidal activities of essential oils obtained from black pepper, eucalyptus, rose- mary, and tea tree and their binary combinations were investigated against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Aphididae: Hemiptera), under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. All the tested essential oils significantly reduced and controlled the green peach aphid population and caused higher mortality. In this study, black pepper and tea tree pure essential oils were found to be an effective insecticide, with 80% mortality when used through contact application. However, for combinations of essential oils from black pepper + tea tree (BT) and rosemary + tea tree (RT) tested Citation: Ahmed, Q.; Agarwal, M.; as contact treatment, the mortality was 98.33%. The essential oil combinations exhibited synergistic Al-Obaidi, R.; Wang, P.; Ren, Y. and additive interactions for insecticidal activities. The combination of black pepper + tea tree, Evaluation of Aphicidal Effect of eucalyptus + tea tree (ET), and tea tree + rosemary showed enhanced activity, with synergy rates Essential Oils and Their Synergistic of 3.24, 2.65, and 2.74, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Crafter's Choice™ Jasmine Vanilla
    February 14, 2020 Page 1 of 1 7820 E. Pleasant Valley Road Independence, OH 44131 (800) 908-7028 www.crafters-choice.com Crafter’s Choice™ Jasmine Vanilla - Natural Fragrance Oil To Whom it May Concern, Please be advised that the above fragrance(s) are comprised 100% of aromatic natural raw materials as defined by ISO 9235:2013 as well as natural and/or derived natural non-aromatic ingredients as per ISO 16128: 2016, published by the International Organization for Standardization. This fragrance does not contain synthetic ingredients. This fragrance is comprised of 90.33% Essential Oils and Essential Oil fractions This fragrance contains the following Essential Oils and/or Essential Oil fractions: INCI Name CAS Country of Origin RICINUS COMMUNIS (CASTOR) SEED OIL 8001-79-4 India CANANGA ODORATA (YLANG YLANG) FLOWER OIL 8006-81-3 France This fragrance also contains the following ingredients: INCI Name CAS Country of Origin Proprietary Natural Fragrance Chemicals Please note that the Country of Origin is subject to change based upon availability. * indicates unofficial INCI name, due to specific raw material used. However, the most accurate name has been chosen based on industry knowledge and raw material supplier names. The information and data contained in this document are presented for informational purposes only and have been obtained from various third party sources. Although we have made a good faith effort to present accurate information as provided to us, our ability to independently verify information and data obtained from outside sources is limited. To the best of our knowledge, the information presented herein is accurate as of the date of publication, however, it is presented without any other representation or warranty as to its completeness or accuracy and we assume no responsibility for its completeness or accuracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Composition and Species Diversity of Arid and Desert Rangelands in Tataouine, Tunisia
    land Article Botanical Composition and Species Diversity of Arid and Desert Rangelands in Tataouine, Tunisia Mouldi Gamoun and Mounir Louhaichi * International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 2049 Ariana, Tunisia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +216-7175-2099 Abstract: Natural rangelands occupy about 5.5 million hectares of Tunisia’s landmass, and 38% of this area is in Tataouine governorate. Although efforts towards natural restoration are increasing rapidly as a result of restoration projects, the area of degraded rangelands has continued to expand and the severity of desertification has continued to intensify. Any damage caused by disturbances, such as grazing and recurrent drought, may be masked by a return of favorable rainfall conditions. In this work, conducted during March 2018, we surveyed the botanical composition and species diversity of natural rangelands in Tataouine in southern Tunisia. The flora comprised about 279 species belonging to 58 families, with 54% annuals and 46% perennials. The Asteraceae family had the greatest richness of species, followed by Poaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, Boraginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, and Cistaceae. Therophytes made the highest contribution, followed by chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes. Of all these species, 40% were palatable to highly palatable and more than 13% are used in both traditional and modern medicine. Citation: Gamoun, M.; Louhaichi, M. Keywords: vegetation; species richness; drylands; south of Tunisia Botanical Composition and Species Diversity of Arid and Desert Rangelands in Tataouine, Tunisia. Land 2021, 10, 313. https://doi.org/ 1. Introduction 10.3390/land10030313 Climate change and human activity represent a big threat to biodiversity [1–3].
    [Show full text]
  • Monograph of the North American Species of Deraeocoris—Heteroptera Miridae
    TECHNICAL BULLETIN I JUNE 1921 The University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Monograph of the North American Species of Deraeocoris—Heteroptera Miridae By Harry H. Knight Division of Entomology and Economic Zoology UKIVERSeri OF lar-1‘4,1A it • r 1 4011 UNIVERSITY FARM, ST. PAUL AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS R. W. THATCHER, M.A., D.Agr, Director ANDREW Boss, Vice Director A. D. WILSON, B.S. in Agr, Director of Agricultural Extension and Farmers' Institutes C. G. SELVIG, M.A., Superintendent, Northwest Substation, Crookston M. J. THOMPSON,. M.S., Superintendent, Northeast Substation, Duluth. 0. I. BERGH, B.S.Agr, Superintendent, North Central Substation, Grand Rapids P. E. Miuu, B.S.A., Superintendent, West Central Substation, Morris R. E. HODGSON, B.S. in Apr, Superintendent, Southeast Substation, Wasp CHARLES HARALSON, Superintendent, Fruit Breeding Farm, Zumbra (P. 0. Excelsior) W. H. KENETY, M.S., Superintendent, Forest Experiment Station, W. P. KIRKWOOD, BA., Editor ALICE MCFEELY, Assistant Editor of Bulletins HARRIET W. SEWALL, B.A., Librarian T. J. HorroN, Photographer R. A. GORTNER, Ph.D., Chief, Division of Agricultural Biochemistry J. D. BLACK, Ph.D., Chief, Division of Agricultural Economics ANDREW Boss, Chief, Division of Agronomy and Farm Management. W. H. PETERS, MAgr., Acting Chief, Division of Animal Husbandry FRANCIS JAGER, Chief, Division of Bee Culture C. IL ECKLES, M.S. Chief, Division of Dairy Husbandry W. A. RILEY, Ph.D., Chief, Division of Entomology and Economic Zoology WILLIAM Boss, Chief, Division of Farm Engineering E. G. CHEYNEY, B.A., Chief, Division of Forestry W. H. ALDERMAN, B.S.A., Chief, Division of Horticulture E.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Anthelmintic Activity of Cymbopogon Citratus Against
    Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ISSN: 0103-846X [email protected] Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária Brasil Freitas Macedo, Iara Tersia; Beserra de Oliveira, Lorena Mayana; Correia Ribeiro, Wesley Lyeverton; Leite dos Santos, Jessica Maria; das Chagas Silva, Kaline; de Araújo Filho, José Vilemar; Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos, Ana Lourdes; Leal Bevilaqua, Claudia Maria Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon citratus against Haemonchus contortus Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, vol. 24, núm. 3, julio-septiembre, 2015, pp. 268-275 Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária Jaboticabal, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=397841537002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Original Article Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol., Jaboticabal, v. 24, n. 3, p. 268-275, jul.-set. 2015 ISSN 0103-846X (Print) / ISSN 1984-2961 (Electronic) Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612015059 Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon citratus against Haemonchus contortus Atividade anti-helmíntica de Cymbopogon citratus sobre Haemonchus contortus Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo1; Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira1; Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro1; Jessica Maria Leite dos Santos 1; Kaline das Chagas Silva1; José Vilemar de Araújo Filho1; Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos1; Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua1* 1 Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará – UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil Received November 24, 2014 Accepted February 2, 2015 Abstract Parasitic nematodes are of major economic importance in livestock.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivities of Cananga Odorata (Ylang-Ylang)
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2015, Article ID 896314, 30 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/896314 Review Article Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Bioactivities of Cananga odorata (Ylang-Ylang) Loh Teng Hern Tan,1 Learn Han Lee,1 Wai Fong Yin,2 Chim Kei Chan,3 Habsah Abdul Kadir,3 Kok Gan Chan,2 and Bey Hing Goh1 1 JeffreyCheahSchoolofMedicineandHealthSciences,MonashUniversityMalaysia,46150BandarSunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 2Division of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Correspondence should be addressed to Bey Hing Goh; [email protected] Received 30 April 2015; Revised 4 June 2015; Accepted 9 June 2015 AcademicEditor:MarkMoss Copyright © 2015 Loh Teng Hern Tan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata Hook. F. & Thomson) is one of the plants that are exploited at a large scale for its essential oil which is an important raw material for the fragrance industry. The essential oils extracted via steam distillation from the plant have been used mainly in cosmetic industry but also in food industry. Traditionally, C. odorata is used to treat malaria, stomach ailments, asthma, gout, and rheumatism. The essential oils or ylang-ylang oil is used in aromatherapy and is believed to be effective in treating depression, high blood pressure, and anxiety.
    [Show full text]
  • Drupe. Fruit with a Hard Endocarp (Figs. 67 and 71-73); E.G., and Sterculiaceae (Helicteres Guazumaefolia, Sterculia)
    Fig. 71. Fig. 72. Fig. 73. Drupe. Fruit with a hard endocarp (figs. 67 and 71-73); e.g., and Sterculiaceae (Helicteres guazumaefolia, Sterculia). Anacardiaceae (Spondias purpurea, S. mombin, Mangifera indi- Desmopsis bibracteata (Annonaceae) has aggregate follicles ca, Tapirira), Caryocaraceae (Caryocar costaricense), Chrysobal- with constrictions between successive seeds, similar to those anaceae (Licania), Euphorbiaceae (Hyeronima), Malpighiaceae found in loments. (Byrsonima crispa), Olacaceae (Minquartia guianensis), Sapin- daceae (Meliccocus bijugatus), and Verbenaceae (Vitex cooperi). Samaracetum. Aggregate of samaras (fig. 74); e.g., Aceraceae (Acer pseudoplatanus), Magnoliaceae (Liriodendron tulipifera Hesperidium. Septicidal berry with a thick pericarp (fig. 67). L.), Sapindaceae (Thouinidium dodecandrum), and Tiliaceae Most of the fruit is derived from glandular trichomes. It is (Goethalsia meiantha). typical of the Rutaceae (Citrus). Multiple Fruits Aggregate Fruits Multiple fruits are found along a single axis and are usually coalescent. The most common types follow: Several types of aggregate fruits exist (fig. 74): Bibacca. Double fused berry; e.g., Lonicera. Achenacetum. Cluster of achenia; e.g., the strawberry (Fra- garia vesca). Sorosis. Fruits usually coalescent on a central axis; they derive from the ovaries of several flowers; e.g., Moraceae (Artocarpus Baccacetum or etaerio. Aggregate of berries; e.g., Annonaceae altilis). (Asimina triloba, Cananga odorata, Uvaria). The berries can be aggregate and syncarpic as in Annona reticulata, A. muricata, Syconium. Syncarp with many achenia in the inner wall of a A. pittieri and other species. hollow receptacle (fig. 74); e.g., Ficus. Drupacetum. Aggregate of druplets; e.g., Bursera simaruba THE GYMNOSPERM FRUIT (Burseraceae). Fertilization stimulates the growth of young gynostrobiles Folliacetum. Aggregate of follicles; e.g., Annonaceae which in species such as Pinus are more than 1 year old.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Amendment 49 STAND Benzyl Alcohol
    IFRA Amendment 49 IFRA STANDARD STANDARD Benzyl alcohol CAS-No.: 100-51-6 Molecular C7H8O The scope of this Standard formula: includes, but is not limited to the CAS number(s) indicated Structure: above; any other CAS number(s) used to identify this fragrance ingredient should be considered in scope as well. Synonyms: Benzenemethanol Benzylic alcohol α-Hydroxytoluene Phenylcarbinol Phenyl carbinol Phenylmethanol Phenylmethyl alcohol α-Toluenol History: Publication date: 2020 (Amendment 49) Previous 2007 Publications: Implementation For new submissions*: February 10, 2021 dates: For existing fragrance compounds*: February 10, 2022 *These dates apply to the supply of fragrance mixtures (formulas) only, not to the finished consumer products in the marketplace. RECOMMENDATION: RESTRICTION RESTRICTION LIMITS IN THE FINISHED PRODUCT (%): Category 1 0.45 % Category 7A 0.68 % Category 2 0.14 % Category 7B 0.68 % Category 3 0.34 % Category 8 0.057 % Category 4 2.5 % Category 9 2.2 % 2020 (Amendment 49) 1/5 IFRA Amendment 49 IFRA STANDARD STANDARD Benzyl alcohol Category 5A 0.64 % Category 10A 2.2 % Category 5B 0.17 % Category 10B 8.5 % Category 5C 0.34 % Category 11A 0.057 % Category 5D 0.057 % Category 11B 0.057 % Category 6 1.5 % Category 12 No Restriction FLAVOR REQUIREMENTS: Due to the possible ingestion of small amounts of fragrance ingredients from their use in products in Categories 1 and 6, materials must not only comply with IFRA Standards but must also be recognized as safe as a flavoring ingredient as defined by the IOFI Code of Practice (www.iofi.org). For more details see chapter 1 of the Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards.
    [Show full text]
  • CYMBOPOGON: a DIVERSE MEDICINAL HERB in PHARMACY Swati S
    IAJPS 2020, 07 (06), 1116-1129 Swati S. Barve et al ISSN 2349-7750 CODEN [USA]: IAJPBB ISSN: 2349-7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Review Article CYMBOPOGON: A DIVERSE MEDICINAL HERB IN PHARMACY Swati S. Barve1*, Kirti D. Mahale1, Sunil K. Mahajan2 1Post Graduate Student, 1Post Graduate Student, 2Head of Department, 1Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, 1Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry MGV’S Pharmacy College, Panchavati, Nashik. *- [email protected] Article Received: April 2020 Accepted: May 2020 Published: June 2020 Abstract: Lemon grass (Cymbopogon species), is an individual from Poaceae family, which is known worldwide for its high essential oil content. They are broadly dispersed over all landmasses where they are utilized for different purposes. The business and restorative employments of different species are all around reported. Since days of year, the plant is used as helpful operator in Ayurveda, Unani, society, innate and locals. The plants involve different healthful (minerals and nutrients) and non-wholesome (strands, dynamic phytochemicals, including the flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans, sulfides, polyphenolics, carotenoids, coumarins, saponins, plant sterols, curcumins, and phthalides) part which makes personality of the plant as an intense helpful operator. The current paper features the properties of Lemon grass (Cymbopogon giganteus, Cymbopogon caesius, Cymbopogon jwarancusa, Cymbopogon commutatus, Cymbopogon densiflorus) remembering different synthetic constituents for lemon grass oil bestowing it upper, pain relieving, antipyretic, bactericidal, hostile to septic, carminative and astringent properties. These plants may likewise hold guarantee as intense enemy of tumor and chemopreventive medications. It has likewise been expended in different structures in Thai, Vietnamese and South East Asian cooking styles.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reproductive System of the Male and Oviparous Female of a Model Organism—The Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon Pisum (Hemiptera, Aphididae)
    The reproductive system of the male and oviparous female of a model organism— the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera, Aphididae) Karina Wieczorek1, Mariusz Kanturski1, Cezary Sempruch2 and Piotr Świątek3 1 Department of Zoology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland 3 Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland ABSTRACT The structure of the reproductive system of the sexual generation—males and oviparous females—of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera, Aphididae), a serious pest of cultivated plants of Fabaceae, was investigated. For the first time we describe the morphology, histology and ultrastructure of the reproductive system in both morphs of the sexual generation of aphids within one species, using light and fluorescent microscopy, as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that males have testes composed of three follicles fused by the upper ends of the vasa efferentia, the vasa deferentia run independently, the accessory glands are asymmetric and the ejaculatory duct shortened. Oviparous females have ovaries composed of seven ovarioles each. The lateral oviducts join to a short common oviduct connected with the unpaired spermatheca and paired accessory glands. Yolky eggs with an aggregation of symbiotic bacteria at the posterior pole are produced. Histologically, the components of genital tracts are broadly similar: the epithelial cells of the walls of the vasa Submitted 18 April 2019 Accepted 29 July 2019 deferentia and accessory glands of the male and oviparous female have secretory Published 2 September 2019 functions which correlate with the age of the studied morphs.
    [Show full text]
  • Annonacin in Asimina Triloba Fruit : Implications for Neurotoxicity
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2011 Annonacin in Asimina triloba fruit : implications for neurotoxicity. Lisa Fryman Potts University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Potts, Lisa Fryman, "Annonacin in Asimina triloba fruit : implications for neurotoxicity." (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1145. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/1145 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANNONACIN IN ASIMINA TRILOBA FRUIT: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROTOXICITY 8y Lisa Fryman Potts 8.S. Centre College, 2005 M.S. University of Louisville, 2010 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Medicine at the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, Kentucky December 2011 Copyright 2011 by lisa Fryman Potts All rights reserved ANNONACIN IN ASIMINA TRILOBA FRUIT: IMPLICATIONS FOR NEUROTOXICITY By Lisa Fryman Potts B.S. Centre College, 2005 M.S. University of Louisville, 2010 A Dissertation Approved on July 21, 2011 by the following Dissertation Committee: Irene Litvan, M.D. Dissertation Director Frederick Luzzio, Ph.D. Michal Hetman, M.D., Ph.D.
    [Show full text]