Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae), with Description of Two New Species

Athacryvac gen. n. from French Guiana (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae), with description of two new species

Y. Braet & C. van Achterberg

Athacryvac gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) is described with two new species A. alternatus sp. n. (type species) and A. fuscatus sp. n. from French Guiana. Both species are illustrated and a key is provided. Y. Braet, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Entomologie fonctionnelle & évolutive, 2, Passage des déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. [email protected] C. van Achterberg*, Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Cees. [email protected]

Introduction do not fit our current generic concepts of the closest The family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) is very taxa Aleiodes and the genera of the Stiropiini, even if diverse in tropical regions and the Neotropical one of these species lacks the vein 1r-m of fore wing, region is no exception. For several years Malaise traps a character only found until now in Choreborogas have been used by the first author in French Guiana Whitfield, 1990 and Polystenidea Viereck, 1911. Our (Braet 2006). The collected material contains many new taxa are considered to belong to one new genus new species and several new genera of Braconidae; with two different species, and are here described to some of the new taxa are described in this paper. provide taxonomical names for a forthcoming paper The subfamily Rogadinae Foerster, 1862 is a large with molecular analyses of the subfamily. Rogadinae cosmopolitan subfamily represented in New World are koinobiont endoparasitoids of mainly macrolepi- by 215 described species (Yu et al. 2009). Although dopteran caterpillars and are unique in their habit Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838 and Rogas Nees, 1819 are of mummifying the host caterpillar (Shaw & Hud- very common in the Neotropical region, there is dleston 1991). very little revisionary work available for this region, For identification of the Braconidae subfamilies, only some smaller genera are revised, e.g. Quicke et we refer to van Achterberg (1988, 1993, 1994) and al. (1996) and Areekul & Quicke (2006) revised the Wharton et al. (1997). Neotropical species of the genus Yelicones Cameron, 1887, and van Achterberg (1995) revised the three genera of the tribe Stiropiini. Among the nine genera Material and methods of Rogadinae recorded from French Guiana (Braet The terminology used in this paper, especially 2006), the first author discovered several specimens for wing venation, follows van Achterberg (1988, (refered as NG09 (aff. Aleiodes) in Braet 2006) which 1994). All SEM photos have been realized with a

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Philips ESEM XL30, at low vacuum (0.1 Torr) from large (Figs 10, 17, 30); laterope shallow; second uncoated specimens. tergite longitudinally and irregularly striate-rugose The colour photographs have been made with an and with a medio-longitudinal carina but usually no Olympus SZX12 motorized stereomicroscope with triangular basal area (Figs 10, 30), but rarely devel- AnalySIS Extended Focal Imaging Software. oped (Fig. 17); spiracle of second tergite in notum; All examined specimens are deposited in the follow- second metasomal suture narrow; third tergite rugu- ing collections: Faculté Universitaire des Sciences lose basally and remainder more or less coriaceous; Agronomiques, Gembloux, Belgium (FUSAGx) and second and third metasomal tergite with lateral the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, crease; ovipositor sheath short and somewhat wid- Leiden, Netherlands (RMNH). ened (Figs 12, 20); hypopygium of female ventrally straight or nearly so and medium-sized (Fig. 12); length of body 3.8–5.1 mm. Systematic account Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Neotropical (French Guiana). Notes. Athacryvac gen. n. The two new species here described do not run well in the key by Shaw (1997), because of the Figs 1–30 complicated first couplet; vein 1-M of the hind Type species. Athacryvac alternatus sp. n. wing is much longer than vein M+CU, but it does Etymology. An arbitrary combination of letters. Gen- not fit the rest of couplet 1a and obviously it does der: masculine. not belong in the tribe Stiropiini (van Achterberg, Description. Antenna 2.5–2.6 times as long as fore 1995). The body is longer than 3 mm, the metasoma wing and 1.7–1.9 times as long as body (Figs 3, is not carapace-like, the tergites are not granulate, 12, 28), apical segment with distinct spine (Fig. 2); the large smooth triangular area of the sides of the apex of scapus strongly oblique (Figs 6, 24); palpi scutellum and the propodeal areola are absent, the of male slender (Fig. 27); malar suture absent; eyes tarsal claws are large and the antenna has many more shallowly emarginate; occipital carina reduced ven- than 14 segments. If in the key by Shaw the alterna- trally (Fig. 27), not meeting hypostomal carina tive is followed, then these species run to the cos- and medio-dorsally complete; prepectal carina and mopolitan genus Aleiodes. They could be separated precoxal sulcus present; middle lobe of mesoscutum from this last genus by the following synapomo- in lateral view anteriorly vertical; notauli narrow and phies: the complete mid-longitudinal carina of the complete (Figs 9, 13); scutellar sulcus comparatively metanotum, the subbasal semi-circular area formed wide and with 1–2 carinae (Fig. 13); side of scutel- by the dorsal carinae of the first metasomal tergite lum normal, without large smooth triangular area (Figs 10, 17, 30), the strongly oblique apex of the posteriorly; metanotum with median carina, obtuse; scapus (Figs 6, 24) and the very small vannal cell of dorsal half of propodeum with a medio-longitudinal the hind wing, caused by the very short vein M+CU carina and no distinct areola (Fig. 9); vein 2-SR+M (Figs 1, 5). Additionally, the comparatively slender of fore wing long and hardly pigmented (Figs 1, 5); first metasomal tergite (Figs 10, 17, 30) and the vein r-m of fore wing absent (Fig. 1) or present very long antenna (Figs 3, 12, 28) could be putative (Fig. 5); vein r of fore wing about as long as vein synapomorphies, which separate them also from the 2-SR; vein 2-SR of fore wing vertical; vein 1-SR+M genus Aleiodes. According to unpublished molecular of fore wing straight to weakly sinuate; vein cu-a of data (D.L.J. Quicke, in litt.), these new species are fore wing far postfurcal; first subdiscal cell of fore recovered as members of a basal clade which seems wing closed; vein 1-M of hind wing much longer to link Rogadini and Stiropiini (and perhaps Faci- than vein M+CU and vannal cell very small (Figs 1, torini). This evidence allows us to include them in 5); vein m-cu of hind wing absent; marginal cell of the new genus Athacryvac gen. n. hind wing widened apically; fore wing evenly setose and subhyaline; hind wing narrow (Figs 1, 5); tarsal Key to species of the genus Athacryvac claws robust and simple (Figs 7, 18); hind and middle tibial spurs straight and setose; inner apex of hind 1. Vein r-m of fore wing absent (Fig. 1); meso- tibia with distinct comb; metasoma not carapace-like soma laterally and ventrally brownish-yellow and without distinct granulate sculpture; subbasal (Fig. 21); head dorsally with satin sheen and semi-circular area formed by dorsal carinae of first distinctly granulate-coriaceous (Figs 11, metasomal tergite; first tergite comparatively slender 16); 10–18 apical antennal segments white and movably joined to second tergite; first tergite (Fig. 26); first metasomal tergite compara- with complete medio-longitudinal carina; dorsope tively robust, its length 1.6–1.9 times its

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apical width (Figs 10, 17); second metasomal depression 0.4 times width of face (Fig. 8); frons (less suture distinctly curved dorsally (Fig. 17) . . anteriorly) and vertex finely granulate-coriaceous ...... A. alternatus and with satin sheen; frons with weak carina laterally – Vein r-m of fore wing present (Fig. 5); meso- and a superficial median groove. soma laterally (except pronotum) and ven- Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.5 times its height; trally dark brown (Fig. 28); head dorsally pronotum broadly crenulate medially and postero- distinctly shiny and superficially granulate- ventrally, remainder superficially coriaceous or coriaceous; apical antennal segments dark smooth; mesopleuron finely granulate-coriaceous; brown (Fig. 29); first tergite comparatively precoxal sulcus shallow and broadly rugose; meta- slender, its length about 2.3 times its apical pleuron finely coriaceous dorsally and coarsely cari- width (Fig. 30); second metasomal suture nate ventrally; anteriorly middle lobe of mesoscutum nearly straight dorsally (Fig. 30) . . . A. fuscatus without distinct antescutal depression; mesoscutum densely granulate and posteriorly with V-shaped Athacryvac alternatus sp. n. carina near narrow and smooth notauli; scutellar sulcus with three closely spaced transverse carinae; Figs 1–4, 5–27 scutellum finely granulate; surface of propodeum Type material. Holotype, / (RMNH): “Guyane fran- reticulate-rugose. çaise, Saül, Crique popote, Mont Belvédère, i.2001, Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 1): vein r-m absent; r:3- (Malaise trap, 3°36’N 53°10’W, sur chablis [on fallen SR+SR1:2-SR:2-SR+M = 8:44:8:7; vein 2-M scle- trees]), J. Tarin”. Paratypes (5?, 3/): 1/ (FUS- rotized; vein 1-SR+M nearly straight; vein 1-M AGx), same label data as holotype; 1? (RMNH), curved posteriorly; 1-CU1:2-CU1 = 7:13; vein id., but ii.2001; 4?, 3/ (FUSAGx): 1 ?, “Guyane CU1a sclerotized basally. Hind wing: vein cu-a short française, Montagne de Kaw, Route de Kaw, Relais and reclivous; M+CU:1-M:1r-m = 10:33:9. Patawa, iii.1999, (Malaise trap, 52°10’W 4°32’N), Legs. Legs slender; tarsal claws robust and simple, AEI Guyane-J Cerda”; 1?, id., but iv.2000; 1?, ventrally with some bristles and basally an indistinct id., but ix.1999; 1/, id., but v.1999; 1/, id., but pecten, its apical tooth angularly bent (Figs 7, 18); vii.1999; 1?, “Guyane française, Saül, Montagne hind coxa coriaceous and dorsally regularly trans- Belvédère, ii.2001, (Malaise trap, 3°36’N 53°10’W), versely rugose; femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind J. Tarin”; 1/, “Guyane française, Saül, Point de vue leg 6.6, 9.7 and 10.0 times their width, respectively; [lookout], iii.2011, Malaise trap, rec. S.E.A.G.”. length of hind tibial spurs 0.24 and 0.28 times hind basitarsus; hind tarsus 1.2 times as long as hind tibia. Diagnosis Metasoma. Length of first tergite 1.9 times its api- Vein r-m of fore wing absent (Fig. 1); mesosoma cal width; first and second tergites with a complete (except mesoscutum and propodeum basally) brown- medio-longitudinal carina and surrounded by sub- ish-yellow; apical antennal segments white (Fig. 26); vertical and rather coarse rugae second metasomal head dorsally with satin sheen and distinctly gran- suture micro-crenulate; third tergite weak rugulose ulate-coriaceous (Fig. 16); first metasomal tergite basally and remainder granulate-coriaceous; remain- comparatively robust (Fig. 10); second metasomal ing tergites largely smooth; median length of second suture distinctly curved dorsally (Fig. 17). tergite 1.9 times median length of third tergite; ovipositor sheath rounded apically (Fig. 20) and 0.04 Description times as long as fore wing. Holotype. Female, length of body 5.1 mm, of fore Colour. Brownish-yellow; apical 18 apical segments wing 3.6 mm. white; mouthparts, palpi, humeral plate, pronotum Head. Antennal segments 55, 2.5 times as long as largely, coxae (but apico-dorsally infuscate) and fore wing, third segment 1.1 times as long as fourth metasoma ventrally pale yellowish; remainder of segment, length of third, fourth and penultimate antenna (but scapus and pedicellus partly brown), antennal segments 4.4, 3.8 and 2.1 times their head dorsally (except orbita), tegulum, mesoscutum width, respectively, scapus short (Figs 6, 24); length (but antero-medially and medio-posteriorly yellow- of maxillary palp 1.2 times height of head; length of ish), dorsally propodeum largely, veins largely, pter- eye in dorsal view 5.0 times temple; temple granu- ostigma (except apically), trochantelli, first-third late coriaceous; POL:OD:OOL = 5:5:6; face with metasomal tergites (except apically and laterally) and up curved setae, coriaceous-granulate, dorsally with largely fourth-fifth tergites dark brown; medially some rugulae and medially with weak median crest; face and remainder of legs (but femora basally and clypeus coriaceous, depressed and obtuse ventrally, trochanters yellowish) infuscate; wing membrane convex, protruding in lateral view; hypoclypeal subhyaline.

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1 3

5 4

6 7

8 9 10

1 mm 12

Figs 1–12. Athacryvac species, female holotypes: A. alternatus and A. fuscatus (Fig. 5). – 1, 5, Wings; 2, apex of antenna; 3, antenna; 4, hind leg; 6, base of antenna; 7, outer hind claw; 8, head, anterior aspect; 9, mesosoma, dorsal aspect; 10, first metasomal tergite, dorsal aspect; 11, head, dorsal aspect; 12, habitus, lateral aspect. 1, 3, 4, 12: scale-line (= 1.0); 2, 6, 7: 2.5; 8–11: 1.4.

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13 14

16 15

17 18

19 20

Figs 13–20. Athacryvac alternatus, female, paratype, SEM micrographs. – 13, mesosoma, dorsal aspect; 14, head, lateral aspect; 15, mesosoma, lateral aspect; 16, head, latero-dorsal aspect; 17, metasoma, dorsal aspect; 18, outer hind claw; 19, outer apex of hind tibia; 20, ovipositor and its sheath. Scale bar: 13, 15, 17: 500 µm; 14, 16, 19: 200 µm; 18, 20: 5 0µm.

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25 26

29 30

Figs 21–30. Athacryvac species, colour impressions. 21–26, A. alternatus, female holotype; 27, male paratype; 28– 30, A. fuscatus, female holotype. – 21, 28, habitus, lateral aspect; 22, head, anterior aspect; 23, middle and hind femora and tibiae; 24, scapus and pedicellus, lateral aspect; 25, 27, head, lateral aspect; 26, 29, antenna; 30, first third metasomal tergites, dorsal aspect.

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Variation. Antenna of female with 49–55 seg- of propodeum complete and more developed than ments and 18 apical segments white; antenna of surrounding sculpture. male with 53 segments (third and fourth segments Wings. Vein r-m of fore wing present (Fig. 5); r:3- hardly separable), 2.6 times as long as fore wing SR:SR1:2-SR:2-SR+M:r-m = 10:15:64:12:10:11; and 10–11 apical segments white. Length of body vein 1-SR+M slightly sinuate. 4.2–5.1 mm, of fore wing 3.0–3.6 mm; length of Metasoma. First metasomal tergite 2.3 times longer first metasomal tergite 1.6–1.9 times its apical than wide apically and comparatively slender width. Median carina absent or present posteriorly, (Fig. 30), its surface irregularly finely rugose; media if present than about as strongly developed as sur- carina absent on posterior half of second tergite; rounding sculpture. Some specimens have the dark second and third tergites mainly granulate; median brown areas enlarged or (males) dark areas faintly length of second tergite 1.4 times median length of brown. third tergite; second metasomal suture nearly straight medially; ovipositor sheath 0.07 times fore wing. Etymology Colour. Dark brown (including entire antenna). From “alternus” (Latin for “alternation”), because of Palpi, tegulum and humeral plate, pronotum, fore the succession of dark and light transverse bands of and middle coxae and trochanters, basal fifth of fore the metasoma. and middle femora, basal third of hind femur, hind coxa basally, hind tibial spurs, minute basal patch of Distribution middle and hind tibia and apex of first and second French Guiana. tergites pale yellowish; mandibles (excepted apically), propleuron, fore and mid coxae, base of hind Athacryvac fuscatus sp. n. coxae, first and second tergites apically, basal third of hind femurs whitish; remaining of legs, third tergite Figs 5, 28–30 apically infuscate-brownish. Type material. Holotype, / (RMNH), “Guyane française, Saül, Crique Popote, Mont Belvédère, Etymology ii.2001, (Malaise trap, 3°36’N 53°10’W, sur chablis From “fuscus” (Latin for “dusky” or “dark”), because [on fallen trees]), J. Tarin”. of the mostly darkened body.

Diagnosis Distribution Vein r-m of fore wing present (Fig. 5); mesosoma lat- French Guiana. erally (except pronotum) and ventrally dark brown (Fig. 28); head dorsally distinctly shiny and superficially granulate-coriaceous; apical antennal segments Acknowledgements dark brown (Fig. 29); first tergite comparatively The authors thank Dr P. Grootaert (Brussels), Prof. slender (Fig. 30); second metasomal suture nearly E. Haubruge (Gembloux) and Dr P.M. Marsh straight dorsally. (North Newton, Kansas) for their suggestions and help during our research. We thank Mr J. Cillis for Description his help with the scanning electron micrographs. We Holotype. Female, length of body 3.8 mm, length of also express our gratitude to Mr A. Van de Walle, fore wing 2.9 mm. Similar to A. alternatus sp. n., but Mr I. Sauvage, Mr J. Bortels and Mr D. Connoir for differs as follows: their help in the search for literature and for techni- Head. Antenna with 51 segments and 2.5 times cal support. as long as fore wing; penultimate antennal segment 3.0 times as long as wide; head dorsally distinctly shiny and superficially granulate-coriaceous; References POL:OD:OOL = 8:10:11; face largely transversally Achterberg, C. van, 1988. Revision of the subfamily Blaci- rugulose; frons without longitudinal carina, but with nae Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). – Zoologis- few short transverse striae laterally. che Verhandelingen Leiden 249: 1–324. Mesosoma. V-shaped carina of mesoscutum largely Achterberg, C. van, 1993. Illustrated key to the subfamilies absent; scutellar sulcus with one medio-longitudi- of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea). nal carina; notauli weakly impressed; mesopleuron – Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 283: 1– 189. finely coriaceous with a smooth area near tegulae; Achterberg, C. van, 1994. New morphological terms. metapleuron weakly rugose ventrally; median carina – Ichnews 14: 5. of metanotum weakly developed; median carina

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Achterberg, C. van. 1995. Generic revision of the subfam- Shaw, S.R., 1997. Subfamily Rogadinae s.s. – In: Wharton, ily Betylobraconinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and R.A., P.M. Marsh & M.J. Sharkey, 1997. Manual of other groups with modified fore tarsus. – Zoologische the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hy- Verhandelingen Leiden 298: 1–242. menoptera). – Special Publication of the International Areekul, B. & D.L.J. Quicke, 2006. Systematics of the Society of Hymenopterists 1: 402–412. parasitic wasp genus Yelicones Cameron (Hymenop- Wharton, R.A., P.M. Marsh & M.J. Sharkey, 1997. Man- tera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) and revision of the genus ual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae from the New World. – Systematics and Biodiversity (Hymenoptera). – Special Publication of the Interna- 3: 255–376. tional Society of Hymenopterists 1: 1–439. Braet, Y., 2006. Coup d’oeil sur la biodiversité des Bra- Yu, D.S., C. van Achterberg & K. Horstmann, 2009. conidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea) de Guy- World Ichneumonoidea 2009 - Taxonomy, Biology, ane française et reclassification de certaines espèces Morphology and Distribution. – DVD/CD. Taxapad. décrites par Brullé. – Bulletin de la Société royale Belge Vancouver, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com/ d’Entomologie 142: 155–172. Quicke, D.L.J., M.J.K. Chishti & H.H. Basibuyuk, H.H., 1996. A revision of Yelicones species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) from Central America, with descriptions of sixteen new species. – Zoologische Me- dedelingen Leiden 70: 17–61. Shaw, M.R. & T. Huddleston, 1991. Classification and biology of braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). – Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects Received: 2 September 2011 7(11): 1–126. Accepted: 6 October 2011

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