PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication of Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve in Province,

Fei Li, Xiang-Yuan Huang, Xing-Chao Zhang, Xing-Xi Zhao, Jian-Huan Yang & Bosco Pui Lok Chan

12 September 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 11 | Pages: 14402–14414 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4439.11.11.14402-14414 Monograph

For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact

The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors.

Partner Member

Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414

Mammals of Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National

Communication Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Fei Li 1 , Xiang-Yuan Huang 2 , Xing-Chao Zhang 3 , Xing-Xi Zhao 4 , Jian-Huan Yang 5 & ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Bosco Pui Lok Chan 6 PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS 1,5,6 Kadoorie Conservaton China, Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden, Hong Kong SAR, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, China. 2–4 Yunnan Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve (Tengchong Bureau), 157 Laifeng Avenue, Tengchong, Yunnan Province 679100, China. 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected], 5 [email protected], 6 [email protected] (corresponding author)

Abstract: We conducted feld surveys on the mammalian diversity in the Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China, using camera trap and transect method between April 2014 and May 2018. A total of 46 identfable species were recorded, including one new record for China and nine new species for the Tengchong County. Of the 46 species, nine are globally threatened (three Endangered and six Vulnerable) and six are Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Species richness of most mammal groups in Tengchong remains high compared to similar sites in neighbouring countries; however, encounter rates for species vulnerable to high huntng pressures were quite low and large carnivores, except the Asiatc Black , were either extrpated or at critcally low numbers. Future surveys should cover a wider elevaton range and a variety of microhabitats to increase the probability of detectng the species not yet recorded. To enhance the conservaton value of the reserve for the diverse mammalian community, poaching and livestock grazing should be further controlled; in additon, protecton and restoraton of low-alttude forests should be encouraged. Monitoring and research on selected fagship species should also be conducted.

Keywords: Camera trap, new records, spotlightng, threatened species, transect survey.

DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4439.11.11.14402-14414 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:65323B76-A6B0-4D24-9532-E5AE5251D412

Editor: David P. Mallon, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. Date of publicaton: 12 September 2019 (online & print)

Manuscript details: #4439 | Received 27 July 2018 | Final received 07 March 2019 | Finally accepted 03 June 2019

Citaton: Li, F., X.Y. Huang, X.C. Zhang, X.X. Zhao, J.H. Yang & B.P.L. Chan (2019). Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(11): 14402–14414. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4439.11.11.14402-14414

Copyright: © Li et al. 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Funding: This study is funded by Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden.

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Author details: Fei Li: Senior Conservaton Ofcer of Kadoorie Conservaton China Department at Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden. Xiang-Yuan Huang: Head of Research Department of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve (Tengchong Bureau). Xing-Chao Zhang: Technical Ofcer of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve (Tengchong Bureau). Xing-Xi Zhao: Technical Ofcer of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve (Tengchong Bureau). Jian-Huan Yang: Senior Conservaton Ofcer of Kadoorie Conservaton China Department at Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden. Bosco Pui Lok Chan: Head of Kadoorie Conservaton China Department at Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden.

Author contributon: Fei Li and Bosco Chan performed the analysis and wrote the paper. All authors collected and contributed data.

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to the management of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, partcularly the Baoshan Administratve Bureau, for supportng our study. We thank Will Duckworth and Anwaruddin Choudhury for confrming the identfcaton of the Red and Li Quan and Li Song of Kunming Insttute of Zoology for discussions on the and distributon of squirrel species. We also thank the staf and wardens of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, as well as colleagues from KFBG, for assistance in feldwork, especially in setng camera traps.

14402 Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Li et al.

INTRODUCTION A group of knowledgeable reserve wardens assisted in identfying suitable locatons for deploying camera Gaoligongshan Mountains (hereafer GLGS) traps, and about 60% of our camera trap statons were is well-known for its rich biodiversity and unique selected based on their advice. Most of the cameras geomorphological features (Chan et al. 2019). It were mounted on trees at a height of c. 30–40 cm from atracted visitng naturalists as early as the 19th Century; the ground at a distance of 2–4 m to the target area. the most notable among them were John Anderson, Time and date were automatcally recorded on each George Forrest, Frank Kingdon-Ward, and Roy Chapman exposure. Commercial lures (Hawbaker’s and Andrews, who made a series of signifcant mammal Lure) were used at fve camera trap statons as a collectons from GLGS. Anderson collected the type trial to test the efectveness for future camera trapping series of Yunnan Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista study. yunnanensis from the surroundings of Tengchong Town in 1868 (Anderson 1878) and the type specimen of Non-random transects Yunnan Hare Lepus comus from Tengchong in 1917 (Allen Both diurnal and spotlightng transects were 1938). The collecton of insectvores and from conducted in additon to the camera trapping. Forest GLGS by Forrest and Kingdon-Ward greatly improved trails, watercourses, and quiet forest roads were walked our understanding of these litle-studied groups in the on to complement the inefciency of camera trapping for eastern Himalaya (Thomas 1912, 1914, 1922; Hinton strictly arboreal species and to maximize encounter rate 1923). From the mid-20th Century, research on the area’s of mammal species. Fifeen transects were surveyed, mammals was carried out by Chinese zoologists, further amountng to a total of 180.76km and 172 man-days, enhancing understanding of the mammalian fauna of covering elevatons between 1,300m and 3,430m, the region, especially on the species compositon of during both the cold-dry and wet-warm seasons. During communites and their geographic distributon across these walks, all observed were recorded. Tracks, the vast mountain range (Pen et al. 1962; Peng & Wang feeding signs, and droppings which could be confdently 1981). A baseline survey of Gaoligongshan Natonal identfed were also recorded (see Table 2 for feld Nature Reserve listed 89 mammal species for Tengchong signs recorded for each species). Spotlightng surveys County, including fve species of Chiroptera and 16 were conducted in 11 of these transects, amountng species of Muridae (Xue et al. 1995). to 37.27km; we walked along quiet roads, trails, and In April 2014, we launched a systematc mammal streams at a slow pace (under 1km/h) with two or three survey in the Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan observers (Table 1). Locatons of our camera trap and Natonal Nature Reserve (hereafer TC-GLGS). We transect surveys can be found in Fig. 1. provide a report on the current mammal diversity and conservaton status in TC-GLGS based on camera trap Data analysis and transect surveys conducted between April 2014 and We included all mammals detected except May 2018. Chiroptera, Muridae, and Cricetdae, due to the difcultes in identfying species in these groups, ofen because of taxonomic uncertaintes (e.g., Zhang et al. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2016). We included distnctve species of Insectvora in which feld identfcaton is unequivocal; these included Camera trap survey Gaoligong Forest Hedgehog Mesechinus wangi, Elegant The camera trap survey was conducted between Water Shrew Nectogale elegan, and Northern Treeshrew September 2014 and May 2018. The total number Tupaia belangeri. Nomenclature followed Wilson & of camera trap statons was 147, and they covered Reeder (2005), Wilson et al. (2009, 2011, 2016), and elevatons from 1,515m to 3,350m. Three models of Mitermeier et al. (2013). Some species incorporated infrared camera traps (Loreda L510, Loreda; SG-990V, the latest taxonomic updates, and the reasons for these Shenzhen Siyuan Digital Technology Company; Reconyx deviatons from Wilson et al. (2009) and Wilson & Reeder PC900, Reconyx) were used. Camera traps were (2005) are explained in the respectve species account. deployed in microhabitats thought to likely maximize the We defned a camera trap record as a notonally probability of detectng medium- to large-sized ground- independent record if it occurred 30 minutes or more dwelling mammals, such as trails, salt licks, afer an image of the same species at the same staton. ridgelines, water sources, and underneath fruitng trees. One trap night was defned as a contnuous 24-hour

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414 14403 Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Li et al.

Figure 1. Camera trap statons and non-random transect surveys in Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China, 2014–2018.

period of camera operaton. To understand the species Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca arctoides, Asiatc Black richness and conservaton value of mammals in TC- Bear thibetanus, Sambar unicolor, GLGS, we compared our camera trap data with that Budorcas taxicolor, and Chinese Naemorhedus from two protected areas in neighbouring countries griseus), and six Near Threatened species (Assamese with similar geographic, climatc, and biogeographic Macaque Macaca assamensis, Marbled Cat afnites: Namdapha Natonal Park in northeastern India marmorata, Tufed Elaphodus cephalophus, and Hkakaborazi Natonal Park in northern Myanmar. Burmese Red Serow Capricornis rubidus, Chinese Serow Capricornis milneedwardsii, and Black Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolor) (IUCN 2018). The Burmese Red Serow RESULTS Capricornis rubidus was newly recorded in China and nine species were new to the Tengchong County Between April 2014 and May 2018, there were 147 (Yellow-bellied Weasel Mustela kathiah, Stripe-backed camera trap statons set for 14,814 trap nights. Together Weasel M. strigidorsa, Common Palm Civet with 180.76km of transect lines, 46 species of non-volant hermaphroditus, Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata, mammals were recorded; of these, there were fve Gongshan Muntacus gongshanensis, Orange- primates, 12 carnivores, and 10 ungulates. This included bellied Himalayan Squirrel Dremomys lokriah, Spoted three globally Endangered species (Phayre’s Langur Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista marica, Asiatc Brush- Trachypithecus phayrei, Ailurus fulgens, and tailed Porcupine Atherurus macrourus, and Forrest’s Forest Moschus berezovskii), six Vulnerable Pika Ochotona forrest). species (Gaoligong Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock tanxing, Of the 46 recorded species, 34 were detected by

14404 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414 Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Li et al.

Table 1. Transect sites and survey dates in Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China, 2014–2018.

Sampling efort (km) Elevaton Daytme / Transect/ coordinates Survey dates covered (m) spotlightng 24–26.iv.2014, 24.ix.2014, 7–8.xii.2014, 10–12.iii.2015, Xiaodifang--Datandi 1 3.x.2015, 22.iii.2016, 10–11.v.2017, 22–23.v.2018, 24- 1,300–2,450 30.27 / 12.88 24.8450N, 98.7590E – 25.0190N, 98.6790E 26.v.2018 Longchuan River Protected Riparian Forest 2 9–11.v.2016, 25–26.vi.2017 1,300–1,350 16.13 / 4.07 25.0540N, 98.6850E – 25.1140N, 98.6880E Linjiapu-Nanzhaigongfang, Qushi Secton 28–29.iv.2014, 9–10.xii.2014, 16–18.v.2015, 18.vii.2015, 3 2,050–3,185 7.22 / 2.82 25.2860N, 98.7010E – 25.2880N, 98.7380E 5–6.x. 2015, 8–9.i.2016, 4–7.v.2017 Nanzhaigongfang ridge, Qushi Secton 4 7.v.2017 3,180–3,280 2.38 / 1.13 25.2880N, 98.7380E – 25.2750N, 98.7380E Daying--GLGS main ridge 5 10–12.iii.2015 1,910–3,430 16.46 / -- 25.4910N, 98.7120E – 25.5020N, 98.7660E Mt. Danaozi, Jietou Secton 6 24.ix.2014 2,270–3,300 5.69 / -- 25.6670N, 98.6960E – 25.6920N, 98.7350E Datang Big Tree Rhododendron, Datang Secton 27–28.iv.2014, 25.ix.2014, 13–15.iii.2015, 12.v.2016, 7 1,950–2,460 8.63 / 2.69 25.7150N, 98.6920E – 25.7610N, 98.7010E 24–26.v.2018 Danlonghe 8 27.iv.2014, 19.vii.2015 1,930–1,970 3.09 / -- 25.6080N, 98.6910E – 25.6220N, 98.6960E Fanshanchu State-owned Forest 9 26.ix.2014, 17.vii.2015, 12.v.2016 1,870–2,120 4.02 / 1.66 25.6750N, 98.6510E – 25.6980N, 98.6270E 27.ix.2014, 29.ix.2014, 13.xii.2014, 19–20.v.2015, Boundary marker #8, Zizhi Secton 10 17.vii.2015, 6–8.x.2015, 7–8.i.2016, 24–26.iv.2017, 2,120–3,050 12.02 / 5.26 25.7630N, 98.6180E – 25.8060N, 98.6250E 8–10.v.2017 Boundary marker #9, Zizhi Secton 11 28.ix.2014 2,080–2,650 7.96 / -- 25.7620N, 98.6610E – 25.8190N, 98.6700E Dongbinghe, Zizhi Secton 12 21–22.v.2015 2,200–2,750 5.65 / 1.89 25.7940N, 98.6820E – 25.8020N, 98.6950E Pinghe, Zizhi Secton 13 21–24.xi.2017 2,450–2,700 9.11 / 0.87 25.8310N, 98.6930E – 25.833 N, 98.7060E Sanjiaojia, Zizhi Secton 14 21–25.xi.2017, 24–26.v.2018 2,200–3,000 5.70 / 1.31 25.7830N, 98.6160E – 25.8120N, 98.5970E Zhongheyakou, Zizhi Secton 15 21–25.xi.2017 2,600–3,200 9.16 / 2.69 25.8280N, 98.7080E – 25.8420N, 98.7150E Total 143.49 / 37.27

camera traps, 10 by direct observaton alone, and two staf as early as 2003 (Ai et al. 2018). It has only been by tracks and signs alone (Sambar and Mishmi Takin). recorded from Tengchong County and the surrounding The three species most frequently camera trapped areas, which is at least 1,000km south of any known during our survey were Malayan Porcupine Hystrix distributon of its congeners. It is also the only brachyura, Northern Red Muntjac Muntacus vaginalis, Mesechinus species found in subtropical forest and and Assamese Macaque Macaca assamensis. it occurs at elevatons above 2,100m. One individual A checklist of mammal species recorded in our survey was camera trapped on 16 October 2014 at 24.9760N & can be found in Table 2, and a selecton of recorded 98.7410E; another image was obtained on 19 November species are illustrated in Images 1 and 2. Accounts of 2017 at 24.9700N & 98.7470E. An individual was found species of special interest (i.e., globally threatened, at night in disturbed mid-montane moist evergreen new Tengchong records, or rare for GLGS) are provided broadleaf forest at ca. 2,100m in August 2017. below. Detailed informaton for most recorded species can also be found in Chan & Bi (2016). Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulata (Least Concern) Only recorded in forests under 2,000m. It Accounts on selected species appears to be restricted to the lower elevaton band Gaoligong Forest Hedgehog Mesechinus wangi (Not between 1,300m and 2,000m in Tengchong, similar to Assessed) observatons elsewhere in the eastern Himalaya (Mishra This Gaoligongshan-endemic species was recently et al. 2006). This distributon patern may be in part described, although the existence of a hedgehog in due to competton with the two larger-sized macaque southern GLGS was known by scientsts and reserve species common in higher elevatons.

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414 14405 Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Li et al.

Table 2. Mammals recorded during our 2014–2018 survey in Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China. CT: camera trap; DO: daytme observaton; SL: spotlightng; TS: tracks and/or signs; TD: trophy and/or carcass; encounter rates: number of notonally independent images per 1,000 trap nights.

IUCN Encounter IUCN Encounter Species status Evidence rates Species status Evidence rates Gaoligong Forest Hedgehog 3 -- CT, DO 0.14 Mishmi Takin Budorcas taxicolor VU TS -- Mesechinus wangi Chinese Goral Naemorhedus griseus VU CT 1.62 Elegant Water Shrew Nectogale LC DO, TD -- elegans Burmese Red Serow Capricornis NT CT, TD 0.27 Northern Treeshrew Tupaia rubidus ** LC CT, DO 3.24 belangeri Chinese Serow Capricornis NT CT 2.30 Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca milneedwardsii VU CT, DO 9.38 arctoides Pallas's Squirrel Callosciurus LC CT, DO -- Assamese Macaque Macaca erythraeus NT CT, DO 13.77 assamensis Swinhoe's Striped Squirrel Tamiops LC DO -- swinhoei Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulata LC CT, DO 1.22 Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel Phayre's Langur Trachypithecus LC CT, DO -- EN CT, DO 1.28 Dremomys lokriah * phayrei Perny's Long-nosed Squirrel Gaoligong Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock LC CT, DO -- VU 1 DO -- Dremomys pernyi tanxing Asian Red-cheeked Squirrel CT, DO, LC CT, DO -- Asiatc Black Bear Ursus thibetanus VU 1.49 Dremomys rufgenis TS Black Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolor NT CT, DO 3.31 CT, DO, Red Panda Ailurus fulgens EN 2.90 TS Hairy-footed Flying Squirrel Belomys DD SL -- Yellow-throated Marten Martes pearsonii LC CT, DO 11.75 favigula Gray-headed Giant Flying Squirrel LC SL -- Yellow-bellied Weasel Mustela Petaurista caniceps LC CT 0.14 kathiah * Spoted Giant Flying Squirrel LC SL -- Petaurista marica * Siberian Weasel Mustela sibirica LC CT, DO 0.14 Yunnan Giant Flying Squirrel Stripe-backed Weasel Mustela DD CT, SL -- LC DO -- Petaurista yunnanensis strigidorsa * Patcolored Flying Squirrel Hylopetes 2 LC TD -- Melogale sp. LC CT, TD 1.76 alboniger Spoted Linsang Prionodon Chinese Rat LC CT 3.38 LC DO -- pardicolor sinensis Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus Asiatc Brush-tailed Porcupine LC CT 0.47 LC CT 8.51 hermaphroditus * Atherurus macrourus * Malayan Porcupine Hystrix Paguma larvata LC CT, SL 6.75 LC CT, TS 18.29 brachyura Leopard Cat bengalensis LC CT, SL 5.47 Forrest's Pika Ochotona forrest * LC CT 0.07 Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata * NT CT 3.78 Yunnan Hare Lepus comus LC SL, DO -- Eurasian Wild Sus scrofa LC CT, TS 3.38 * represents new record for Tengchong County. Forest Musk Deer Moschus EN CT 1.22 ** represents new record for China. berezovskii 1 Assessed under Eastern Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock leuconedys in the current Tufed Deer Elaphodus cephalophus NT CT 3.65 IUCN Red List. 2 Large-toothed Ferret Badger Melogale personata and Small-toothed Ferret Northern Red Muntjac Muntacus LC CT 16.34 Badger Melogale moschata are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical vaginalis Asia, and both could occur in Tengchong; the only reliable way to visually Gongshan Muntjac Muntacus DD CT 0.20 distnguish the two species is by cranial and dental examinaton (Abramov & gongshanensis * Rozhnov 2014). 3 Sambar Rusa unicolor VU TS -- All subspecies (B. t. taxicolor, B. t. bedfordi, B. t. tbetana, and B. t. whitei) assessed under Takin Budorcas taxicolor in the current IUCN Red List.

Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca arctoides (Vulnerable) Phayre’s Langur Trachypithecus phayrei (Endangered) Htun et al. (2008) marked the northern distributon An estmated populaton of around 500 individuals limit of this species at 25°N in China where Tengchong persists in the southern part of TC-GLGS. The biggest sits. TC-GLGS supports a healthy populaton of the troop recorded had at least 70 individuals. Its relatve species based on the relatvely high encounter rate. A rarity in the northern porton is possibly a combinaton recent camera trap survey in the nearby Lushui County of past huntng pressure and the fact that Tengchong (25.417–26.150 0N) detected this species (Chen et al. is at its northern distributon limit in China (Chen et al. 2016), marginally expanding its lattudinal limit further 2016; Gao et al. 2017). north.

14406 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414 Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Li et al.

Gaoligong Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock tanxing trap images show animals superfcially similar to (Vulnerable) M. s. moupinensis from western Sichuan Province, This recently described gibbon is proposed to be with reddish-brown coat and a long black-tpped tail listed as Endangered under the IUCN Red List criteria; (Gao 1987). Online images of Siberian from however, more robust data on the conservaton status of northeastern India show animals with similar pelage diferent subpopulatons of H. tanxing is needed (Fan et and identfed as M. s. subhemachalana (Choudhury al. 2016). A survey conducted in 2016 recorded at least 2016). A taxonomic study of these forms including the 17 gibbons in six family groups in Tengchong, and the Tengchong populaton is warranted. subsequent survey confrmed an additonal group; the current populaton stands at 20 gibbons in seven groups. Stripe-backed Weasel Mustela strigidorsa (Least The Tengchong populaton is of partcular research Concern) and conservaton importance because it is both the A new record for Tengchong. One individual was northernmost and the largest subpopulaton in China observed in the riparian evergreen broadleaf forest at (Chan et al. 2017). 25.7530N & 98.7040E on 28 April 2014 (Chan & Zhao 2014). As with other weasel species, Stripe-backed Asiatc Black Bear Ursus thibetanus (Vulnerable) Weasel is likely to be under-recorded in Tengchong in eastern and southeastern Asia are subject due to low detectability by camera traps and simply by to high huntng pressures (Robinowitz & Khaing 2002; being “an inconspicuous denizen of chronically under- Mishara et al. 2006). In TC-GLGS, the Asiatc Black surveyed regions” (Abramov et al. 2008). Bear remains widespread and not uncommon despite the disappearance of other large carnivores. Feeding Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus and other signs from this species were commonly seen (Least Concern) during feldwork, and it was recorded in 13 camera trap A new record for Tengchong. Recorded at four statons. Breeding was confrmed by an adult with cub camera trap statons in the southern part of TC- camera trapped in November (Image 1e). There are GLGS. Our record at 25.1160N marks its northernmost human-bear negatve interactons resultng in casualtes distributon in GLGS. on both sides annually. Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata (Near Threatened) Red Panda Ailurus fulgens (Endangered) A new record for Tengchong. We obtained 54 The Red Panda is widespread and common in TC- notonally independent records at 12 camera trap GLGS. It mostly occurs in the higher-elevaton mixed statons, all north of 25.7330N. Our camera trap data broadleaf forest with dense bamboo undergrowth just shows that Marbled Cat is more diurnal than the below the treeline. Their droppings, containing only sympatric Leopard Cat. coarse plant fragments with distnctve shape and colour, were frequently seen in this preferred habitat. Forest Musk Deer Moschus berezovskii (Endangered) All musk deer are heavily hunted throughout their Yellow-bellied Weasel Mustela kathiah (Least Concern) ranges and are in serious decline (Robinowitz & Khaing A new record for Tengchong. One individual was 2002; Mishra et al. 2006). This species was thought to camera trapped on 14 May 2016 at 25.8020N & 98.7000E, have been possibly extnct in TC-GLGS. Camera traps making it the northernmost record for GLGS. Another recorded the species at six camera trap statons, all camera trap image was obtained on 08 November 2016 north of 25.7330N. at 25.1200N & 98.7080E. We obtained three additonal camera trap images of a Mustela ftng the size and Tufed Deer Elaphodus cephalophus (Near Threatened) colouraton of M. kathiah; however, the possibility of This species appears to prefer higher elevaton those being Stripe-backed Weasels cannot be excluded. broadleaf forest in TC-GLGS—it was only recorded between 2,296m and 3,113m. Repeated camera Siberian Weasel Mustela sibirica (Least Concern) trapping and feld surveys failed to record the species Siberian Weasel was camera trapped on 07 and 12 in northern Myanmar (Harris & Jiang 2015), but camera January 2016 at 25.7580N & 98.7160E. Wang (2003) trap images from TC-GLGS obtained on the internatonal opined that Siberian Weasel in Yunnan is an undescribed border suggest that the species must occur across the taxon, but did not provide further details. Our camera border in the high mountains of Kachin State in Myanmar.

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414 14407 Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Li et al.

a b

c d

e f

g h

Image 1. Mammals recorded in the Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China, 2014–2018: a—Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca arctoides | b—Assamese Macaque Macaca assamensis | c—Phayre’s Langur Trachypithecus phayrei | d—Gaoligong Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock tanxing | e—Asiatc Black Bear Ursus thibetanus | f—Red Panda Ailurus fulgens | g—Spoted Linsang Prionodon pardicolor | h—Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata. © GLGS NNR & KFBG.

14408 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414 Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Li et al.

Gongshan Muntjac Muntacus gongshanensis (Date Burmese Red Serow Capricornis rubidus (Near Defcient) Threatened) A new record for Tengchong. One male and one A new record for China. The frst animal was camera female were camera trapped on 04 May 2018, at trapped in the winter of 2014 (date and tme unavailable 25.7590N & 98.7190E; a female was camera trapped on due to camera malfuncton) at 25.7970N & 98.6340E. 07 May 2018 at the same site. Similar to observatons in A single animal was camera trapped on 24 August and northeastern India (Choudhury 2009) and southeastern 28 October 2017 at 25.7610N & 98.7240E. An adult Tibet (Schaller & Rabinowitz 2004), the Northern Red was directly observed and video-recorded at the same Muntjac was also camera trapped at the same site, site on 25 November 2017. It had also been camera indicatng that the habitats of the two muntjac species trapped in the nearby Lushui County of GLGS, but the have some overlap. Gongshan Muntjac is reported animal was misidentfed as Chinese Serow Capricornis to occur in western Yunnan between 25–28.167 0N milneedwardsii (Chen et al. 2016). A scientfc paper is (Timmins & Duckworth 2016), but we could not fnd any being prepared to report this discovery (Chen Yixin, pers. published record from Tengchong at 250N. Our fnding comm., March 2018). is the frst verifable record of the species in Tengchong. Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel Dremomys lokriah Sambar Rusa unicolor (Vulnerable) (Least Concern) According to interviews with local inhabitants, this A new record for Tengchong. A high elevaton large deer is close to local extrpaton following rampant squirrel in TC-GLGS; the highest count was 13 individuals huntng in the 1980s–2000s. We had no camera trap at Nanzhaigongfang (25.2880N & 98.7380E, 3,150m) record but tracks and droppings of this species were on 06 May 2017, which represents the southernmost found at 25.5270N & 98.7440E in moist evergreen distributon of D. lokriah in China. According to Li broadleaf forest on 12 March 2015. Targeted survey & Wang (1992), the Tengchong subspecies is D. l. should be conducted to clarify its distributon and status subfaviventris. Populaton decline has been reported in in Tengchong. northeastern India because of huntng and habitat loss (Dollo et al. 2010). High alttude forests in TC-GLGS are Mishmi Takin Budorcas taxicolor (Vulnerable) well-protected and the squirrel is not hunted locally, but The IUCN Red List considered the takin as a single the impact of climate change should be monitored. species with four subspecies (Song et al. 2008). We followed Groves & Grubb (2011) and Wilson & Asian Red-cheeked Squirrel Dremomys rufgenis (Least Mitermeier (2011) and treated the four as full species; Concern) the GLGS populaton is Mishmi Takin B. taxicolor. There It is restricted to lower alttude forests in TC-GLGS, are two disjunct populatons of Mishmi Takin in China, with 10 notonally independent camera trap records at one in southeastern Tibet and another in GLGS (Song 25.1140N & 98.6750E and two observaton records during et al. 2008); the current distributon in GLGS extends our study. One individual was photographed at Linjiapu from Gongshan in the north (28.3170N ) to Tengchong in at 25.2860N & 98.7010E on 28 August 2016. Two animals the south (24.0330N). Historically, it was also reported were photographed together at 25.0160N & 98.6820E on further south in the Yingjiang County (24.0330N) (Yang & 10 May 2016. The only previous Tengchong record is of Du 2006), but this southernmost populaton is believed an old specimen from Jietou secton at 25.3170N, which to be locally extnct. This is a high-alttude species living marks the northernmost distributon in GLGS (Chen & along and above the tree line in TC-GLGS. Ai (1996) Qu 2010). estmated that around 300 individuals lived in southern GLGS, but the populaton seems to be in decline. We Spoted Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista marica (Least failed to camera trap any during the survey but found Concern) fresh tracks, droppings, and feeding signs. Monitoring Sometmes recognized as a subspecies of P. elegans and scientfc study is needed to shed light on the causes (Choudhury 2016; Wilson et al. 2016). We followed a of the observed range retracton and populaton decline, molecular study which pointed out that P. e. marica from especially in view of climate change. China and northern Indo-China is distnctve and should be elevated to full species status (Li et al. 2013). New record for Tengchong with the only record at Dahaoping Secton at 24.9720N & 98.7300E, which marks the

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414 14409 Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Li et al.

a b

c d

e f

g h

Image 2. Mammals recorded in the Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China, 2014–2018: a—Forest Musk Deer Moschus berezovskii | b—Tufed Deer Elaphodus cephalophus | c—Red Muntjac Muntacus muntjak | d—Burmese Red Serow Capricornis rubidus | e—Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel Dremomys lokriah | f—Yunnan Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista yunnanensis | g—Asiatc Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus macrourus | h—Malayan Porcupine Hystrix brachyuran. © GLGS NNR & KFBG.

14410 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414 Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Li et al. northernmost global distributon for this species. involving rare and/or secretve species (Cutler & Swann 1999; Rowclife & Carbone 2008). Some species, Yunnan Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista yunnanensis however, are strictly or mainly arboreal and therefore (Data Defcient) are rarely recorded by camera traps (e.g., Small-toothed This is the most common and widespread fying Palm Civet: Duckworth & Netelbeck 2008; Willcox et al. squirrel species in TC-GLGS. The species was formerly 2012). This highlights the importance of conductng non- considered a subspecies of P. philippensis, but recent random transect survey to compliment camera trapping genetc studies indicate that it is taxonomically distnct in compiling a comprehensive mammal checklist for a (Li et al. 2013). Yunnan Giant Flying Squirrel is not study area. yet assessed by the current IUCN Red List, and its full Twelve of the 46 mammal species recorded (26.1% distributon range and populaton trend are unknown of total) were only detected by direct observatons, (Wilson et al. 2016). Tengchong is the type locality for which clearly illustrates the value of employing diferent the species; more survey and basic research to clarify its methods in mammal surveys. Daytme observaton is distributon, populaton status, and natural history are partcularly efectve to detect primates (e.g., Gaoligong needed to clarify its conservaton needs. Hoolock Gibbon), agile small mammals (e.g., weasels and squirrels), as well as open habitat and fossorial Asiatc Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus macrourus species (e.g., Chinese and Yunnan Hare). (Least Concern) Spotlightng survey is, in our opinion, the only efectve A new record for Tengchong. It was relatvely way to survey for fying squirrel diversity. widespread and common in this survey. It was captured at 17 out of the 147 camera trap statons; therefore, the Rare or unrecorded species lack of previous records seems surprising. Our record at Some species were rarely recorded, suggestng they 25.7660N also marks the northernmost of its distributon are rare in TC-GLGS or that camera trap placement was in GLGS. inefectve at recording the presence of these species. While some are believed to be genuinely rare, such Forrest’s Pika Ochotona forrest (Least Concern) as Forest Musk Deer and Gongshan Muntjac, others New record for Tengchong. According to Ge et are probably more abundant than our records show al. (2012), O. forrest is the only Ochotona species in and simply evaded our survey methods. The three southern GLGS. One individual was camera trapped at weasel species, for example, were rarely recorded, but 25.6250N & 98.7380E on 14 May 2015, which represents villagers consider them not uncommon and reported the southernmost record of its global range. that poultry-raiding is a regular event. Although most of our study areas are well-protected at present, past Yunnan Hare Lepus comus (Least Concern) anthropogenic actvites, partcularly huntng, have Tengchong is the type locality of Yunnan Hare, and greatly decimated populatons of the more sensitve the species mainly lives in shrubland and open habitats mammals in Tengchong. The complete absence of in lower elevatons outside TC-GLGS. One individual was obligate large carnivores in TC-GLGS may be explained observed at 25.6480N & 98.6780E during spotlightng by a combinaton of the following factors: (1) our survey, another individual was observed during the survey sites were at higher elevatons in which biomass daytme at 25.3990N & 98.7100E. According to our is naturally lower; (2) the almost complete clearance data and interview result, the Tengchong populaton of extensive natural habitats below 2,000m means is in decline due to land-use change and huntng. The some species may be living at their upper elevaton conservaton status of Yunnan Hare in Tengchong limits which restrain populaton growth; and (3) past deserves some focused atenton. rampant huntng in and around TC-GLGS has decimated populatons of carnivores and has suppressed the ungulate populatons. DISCUSSION We failed to detect 24 mammal species (excluding Chiroptera and Muridae) previously confrmed from Importance of transect survey Tengchong (Xue et al. 1995; Zhang 1997; Wang 2003; The use of camera trap for wildlife research has Chen & Qu 2010). Of these unrecorded species, some become a mainstream tool for mammal research and have specifc niches which were not well-covered by surveys (Wemmer et al. 1996), partcularly in research our survey, such as indica and

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414 14411 Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Li et al.

Table 3. Mammal species, excluding Chiroptera, Muridae, and relatvely low in TC-GLGS, and prey depleton is one of the Cricetdae, previously recorded from Tengchong but absent in this major factors afectng the survival of large carnivores study. (Data et al. 2008). The Asiatc Black Bear is the only Species Sources large carnivore that remains relatvely widespread and Bengal Slow Loris Nyctcebus bengalensis Xue 1995 common, which is a facultatve carnivore and lives Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla Xue 1995; Zhang 1997 on a much broader diet. Nonetheless, local villagers Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata Wang 2003 occasionally reported big cat pugmarks, large carnivore

Gray Wolf lupus Xue 1995 scats with Muntjac hoof remains, and livestock kills in

Red vulpes Xue 1995 recent years. Mesocarnivores such as Clouded Leopard nebulosa, Golden Cat temminckii, Racoon procyonoides Xue 1995 and Cuon alpinus may survive in extremely low Dhole Cuon alpinus Xue 1995 numbers. We found no fresh burrows of pangolins; Asian Badger meles Xue 1995 pangolins were occasionally reported by local villagers, Arctonys collaris Xue 1995; Zhang 1997 but their numbers must be exceedingly low, if stll Eurasian Oter lutra Xue 1995 present. Other restricted-range and litle-known small- Large Indian Civet Viverra zibetha Xue 1995; Zhang 1997 sized species, such as Anderson’s Squirrel Callosciurus Small Indian Civet Viverra indica Xue 1995; Zhang 1997 quinquestriatus and Forrest’s Rock Squirrel Sciurotamias Crab-eatng urva Xue 1995 forrest, were most likely overlooked by us or have Jungle Cat chaus Xue 1995 highly restricted distributon not yet surveyed by us.

Asiatc Golden Cat Pardofelis temminckii Xue 1995 Further survey should cover a wider range of elevatons

Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa Xue 1995 and microhabitats to increase detecton probability to Xue 1995; Zhang 1997; understand their conservaton needs. Leopard pardus Chen & Qu 2010 Xue 1995; Chen & Qu Tiger Panthera tgris 2010 CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Wang 2003

Leaf Muntjac Muntacus putaoensis Wang 2003 This survey demonstrated that TC-GLGS remains Anderson's Squirrel Callosciurus quinquestriatus Xue 1995 an important site for the conservaton of high-alttude Forrest's Rock Squirrel Sciurotamias forrest Xue 1995; Zhang 1997 mammals in the eastern Himalaya, comparable to Ward's Bamboo Rat Rhizomys wardi Wang 2003 similar sites in the neighbouring countries (Mishra Hoary Bamboo Rat Rhizomys pruinosus Xue 1995 et al. 2006; Than Zaw et al. 2008). The mammalian community of TC-GLGS appears to be recovering from past heavy disturbances, partcularly huntng, but we Jungle Cat Felis chaus of mixed agricultural landscape in failed to record any large carnivores except the Asiatc lower elevatons or Crab-eatng Mongoose associated Black Bear, and densites of ungulates are relatvely with lower elevaton forests. The rest are either targets low compared to well-protected areas such as Hong for the wildlife trade (e.g., Bengal Slow Loris, pangolins, Kong (Bosco Chan, unpublished data). Nevertheless, and Eurasian Oter) or large carnivores, and we believe anthropogenic disturbances have signifcantly reduced huntng is the primary reason of their absence (Table 3). afer more than 30 years of protecton; we observed There is no reliable evidence suggestng the presence abundant wildlife signs including those of the Asiatc of Tiger Panthera tgris, Leopard Panthera pardus, Gray Black Bear Ursus thibetanus. Evidence of huntng and Wolf Canis lupus, and Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus logging were rarely found, and camera traps detected sumatrensis afer the 1990s. The last confrmed record very low human trafc. Poaching and illegal logging stll of Sumatran Rhinoceros in Tengchong was in 1949 exist near the internatonal border with Myanmar, ofen (Wang 2003) and that of Tiger and Leopard were in 1983 involving cross-border criminals based on the reserve and 1985, respectvely (Chen & Qu 2010). The extncton forest crime database. Our camera traps also recorded of megafauna in Tengchong comes as no surprise as they some livestock grazing in the southernmost and are reported to be (near-)extnct in other sites of the northernmost sectons of the reserve. A determined eastern Himalaya with vast forest tracts and much lower efort to stamp out poaching and livestock grazing will human populatons (Rabinowitz & Khaing 2002; Data et be helpful to the recovery of mammal populatons in TC- al. 2008). Our data suggest that ungulate densites are GLGS, before reintroducton of large carnivores can be

14412 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414 Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Li et al. considered. Chen, Y.X., Z.S. Xiao, M. Li, X.W. Wang, C.X. He, G.P. He, H.S. Li, S.J. Tengchong is located in the southernmost part of Shi & Z.P. Xiang (2016). Preliminary survey for the biodiversity of mammal and bird using camera traps in the west slope of mid- GLGS and is the northern distributon limit for many secton Mt. Gaoligong. Acta Theriologica Sinica 36(3): 302–312 [in species from the Indo-Malayan biogeographic realm. Chinese]. htps://doi.org/10.16829/j.slxb.201603006 Choudhury, A. (2009). Records and distributon of Gongshan and Leaf Some of the missing species, such as Bengal Slow in India. Deer Specialist Group News 23: 2–7. Loris, Small Indian Civet, Crab-eatng Mongoose, and Choudhury, A. (2016). The Mammals of India: A Systematc and Jungle Cat, are adaptable species of predominantly Cartographic Review. Gibbon Books, Assam, India, 328pp. Cutler, T.L. & D.E. Swann (1999). Using remote photography in wildlife low elevatons and will greatly beneft from beter ecology: a review. Wildlife Society Bulletn 27(3): 571–581. protecton efort of lower alttude forests below 2,000m Data, A., M.O. Anand & R. Naniwadekar (2008). Empty forests: (Duckworth et al. 2005; Jennings & Veron 2011). large carnivore and prey abundance in Namdapha Natonal Park, northeast India. Biological Conservaton 141(5): 1429–1435. Long-term monitoring and research on selected htps://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.02.022 mammal species, such as the rare Gaoligong Hoolock Dollo, M., G.V. Gopi, K. Teegalapalli & K. Mazumdar (2010). Gibbon and Marbled Cat, high alttude species Conservaton of the Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel Dremomys lokriah using a traditonal knowledge system: a case study from susceptble to climate change such as Mishmi Takin Arunachal Pradesh, India. 44(4): 573–576. htps://doi. and Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel, and species org/10.1017/S0030605310000785 vulnerable to high huntng pressure such as Forest Duckworth, J.W, C.M. Poole, R.J. Tizard, J.L. Walston & R.J. Timmins (2005). The Jungle Cat Felis chaus in Indochina: a threatened Musk Deer and Sambar, should be conducted to assess populaton of a widespread and adaptable species. Biodiversity and management efectveness. If needed, necessary Conservaton 14(5): 1263–1280. htps://doi.org/10.1007/s10531- 004-1653-4 conservaton interventons should be efected. Duckworth, J.W. & A.R. Netelbeck (2008). Observatons of Small- toothed Palm Civets Arctogalidia trivirgata in Khao Yai Natonal Park, Thailand, with notes on feeding technique. Natural History REFERENCES Bulletn of the Siam Society 55: 187–192. Fan, P.-F., K. He, X. Chen, A. Ortz, B. Zhang, C. Zhao, Y.-Q. Li, H.-B. Abramov, A.V., J.W. Duckworth, Y.X. Wang & S.I. Roberton (2008). Zhang, C. Kimock, W.-Z. Wang, C. Groves, S.T. Turvey, C. Roos, The Stripe-backed Weasel Mustela strigidorsa: taxonomy, ecology, K.M. Helgen & X.-L. Jiang (2016). Descripton of a new species distributon and status. Mammal Review 38: 247–266. of Hoolock Gibbon (Primates: Hylobatdae) based on integratve Abramov, A.V. & V.V. Rozhnov (2014). The southernmost record taxonomy. American Journal of Primatology 79(5): e22631. htps:// of Small-toothed Ferret Badger Melogale moschata – further doi..org/10.1002/ajp.22631 evidence of syntopy by two ferret badger species. Small Carnivore Gao, G., B. Wang, C.X. He & X. Luo (2017). Biodiversity of birds and Conservaton 51: 68–70. mammals of in alpine habitat of Mt. Gaoligong, Lushui County, Ai, H.S. (1996). Gaoligongshan’s Takin. Yunnan Forestry 3: 20 [in Yunnan. Biodiversity Science 25(3): 332–339 [in Chinese]. htps:// Chinese]. doi.org/10.17520/biods.2016276 Ai, H.S., K. He, Z.Z. Chen, J.Q. Li, T. Wan, Q. Li, W.H. Nie, J.H. Wang, Gao, Y.T. (ed.) (1987). Fauna Sinica: Mammalia, Vol. 8: . W.T. Su & X.L. Jiang (2018). Taxonomic revision of the genus Science Press, Beijing, China, 377pp [in Chinese]. Mesechinus (Mammalia: Erinaceidae) with descripton of a new Ge, D., A.A. Lissovsky, L. Xia, C. Cheng, A.T. Smith & Q. Yang (2012). species. Zoological Research 39(5): 1–13. Reevaluaton of several taxa of Chinese lagomorphs (Mammalia: Allen, G.M. (1938). The Mammals of China and , Part Lagomorpha) described on the basis of pelage phenotype variaton. 1. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 620pp. Mammalian Biology 77(2): 113–123. htps://doi.org/10.1016/j. Anderson, J. (1878). Anatomical and Zoological Researches: Comprising mambio.2011.09.009 an Account of the Zoological Results of the Two Expeditons to Groves, C. & P. Grubb (2011). Ungulate Taxonomy. The Johns Hopkins western Yunnan in 1868 and 1875; and a Monograph of the Two University Press, Baltmore, 317pp. Cetacean Genera, Platanista and Orcella, Vols. 1 & 2. London, B. Harris, R.B. & Z. Jiang (2015). Elaphodus cephalophus. In: The IUCN Quaritch, London. 2 vols., xxv-l-985pp., xi-I–84pp. Red List of Threatened Species: e.T7112A22159620. Downloaded Chan, P.L.B. & Z. Bi (eds.) (2016). Biodiversity of Tengchong, on 09 May 2018. htps://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS. Gaoligongshan. Kadoorie Conservaton China, Kadoorie Farm & T7112A22159620.en Botanic Garden, Hong Kong, 443pp. Hinton, M.A.C. (1923). XII. On the voles collected by Mr. G. Forrest in Chan, P.L.B., C.F. Mac, J. Yang & X. Huang (2017). Populaton, Yunnan; with remarks upon the genera Eothenomys and Neodon and distributon, vocalizaton and conservaton of the Gaoligong upon their allies. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock tanxing) in the Tengchong Secton 9 11(61): 145–162. htps://doi.org/10.1080/00222932308632833 of the Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, China. Primate Htun, S., R.J. Timmins, R. Boonratana & J. Das (2008). Macaca Conservaton 31: 107–113. arctoides. In: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: Chan, P.L.B. & J.B. Zhao (2014). A recent record of Stripe-backed e.T12548A3354519. Downloaded on 06 August 2019. htps://doi. Weasel Mustela strigidorsa from Yunnan Province, China. Small org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T12548A3354519.en Carnivore Conservaton 51: 74–75. Jennings, A.P. & G. Veron (2011). Predicted distributons and Chen, H.Z. & C.X. Qu (2010). Supplement to the Avifauna and Protected ecological niches of eight civet and mongoose species in southeast Area of Gaoligongshan. Intellectual Property Publishing House, Asia. Journal of Mammalogy 92(2): 316–327. Beijing, 178pp [in Chinese]. Li, J.X. & Y.X. Wang (1992). Taxonomic study on subspecies of Chan, B.P.L., Z. Bi & S.Z. Duan (2019). Introducton to a four-year Dremomys lokriah (Sciuridae, ) from southwest China – note biodiversity survey of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal with a new subspecies. Zoological Research 13(3): 235–244 [in Nature Reserve, in the footsteps of pioneering naturalists in western Chinese]. Yunnan, China. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(11): 14391–14401. Li, S., K. He, F.H. Yu & Q.S. Yang (2013). Molecular phylogeny and htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4438.11.11.14391-14401 biogeography of Petaurista inferred from the Cytochrome b Gene,

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414 14413 Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal NR Li et al.

with implicatons for the taxonomic status of P. caniceps, P. marica Wang, Y.X. (2003). A Complete Checklist of Mammal Species and and P. sybilla. PLoS ONE 8(7): e70461. Subspecies in China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 394pp Mishra, C., M.D. Madhusudan & A. Data (2006). Mammals of the [in Chinese]. high alttudes of western Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya: an Wemmer, C., T.H. Kunz, G. Lundie-Jenkins & W.J. McShea (1996). assessment of threats and conservaton needs. Oryx 40(1): 1–7. Mammalian sign, pp. 157–176. In: Wilson, D.E., F.R. Cole, J.D. Mitermeier, R.A., A.B. Rylands & D.E. Wilson (eds.) (2013). Handbook Nichols, R. Rudran & M.S. Foster (eds.). Measuring and Monitoring of the Mammals of the World: Primates. Edicions, Spain, 952pp. Biological Diversity. Standard Methods for Mammals. Smithsonian Pen, H.S., Y.T. Kao, C.K. Lu, T.C. Feng & C.H. Chen (1962). Report on Insttuton Press, Washington & London, 440pp. mammals from southwestern Szechwan and northwestern Yunnan. Willcox, D.H.A., Q.P. Tran, L. Vu, V.B. Tran & M.D. Hoang (2012). Small- Acta Zoologica Sinica, Supplement 14: 105–133 [in Chinese]. toothed Palm Civet Arctogalidia trivirgata records from human- Peng, H.S. & Y.X. Wang (1981). New mammals from the Gaogligong infuenced habitats in Vietnam. Small Carnivore Conservaton 47: Mountains. Acta Theriologica Sinica 1(2): 167–176 [in Chinese]. 46–53. Rabinowitz, A. & S.T. Khaing. (2002). Current status and threats to Wilson, E.D. & D.M. Reeder (eds.) (2005). Mammal Species of the the survival of large mammals in North Myanmar, pp98–105. In: World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd Editon, Vols. 1 Chen, G.W. (ed.) (2002). Biodiversity in the Eastern Himalayas, & 2. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltmore, xxxv+743pp & Conservaton through Dialogue. Summary reports of workshops on xvii+745pp. biodiversity conservaton in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Ecoregion, Wilson, E.D. & R.A. Mitermeier (eds.) (2009). Handbook of the Internatonal Centre for Integrated Mountain Development Mammals of the World: Carnivores. Lynx Edicions, Spain, 728pp. (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal, 254pp. Wilson, E.D. & R.A. Mitermeier (eds.) (2011). Handbook of the Rowclife, J.M. & C. Carbone (2008). Survey using camera traps: are Mammals of the World: Hoofed Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Spain, we looking to a brighter future? Animal Conservaton 11: 185–186. 886pp. Schaller, G.B. & A. Rabinowitz (2004). Species of Barking Deer Wilson, E.D., T.E. Lacher & R.A. Mitermeier (eds.) (2016). Handbook (genus Muntacus) in the eastern Himalayan region. Journal of the of the Mammals of the World: Lagomorphs and Rodents, Vol. I. Lynx Bombay Natural History Society 101: 442–444. Edicions, Spain, 987pp. Song, Y.L., A.T. Smith & J. MacKinnon (2008). Budorcas taxicolor. In: Xue, J.R. (ed.) (1995). Gaoligongshan Mountain Natonal Nature The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T3160A9643719. Reserve. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 395pp [in Downloaded on 06 August 2019. htps://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN. Chinese]. UK.2008.RLTS.T3160A9643719.en Yang, Y.M. & F. Du (2006). Integrated Scientfc Studies of Yunnan Thomas, O. (1912). On insectvores and rodents collected by Mr. F. Tongbiguan Nature Reserve. Yunnan Science & Technology Press, Kingdon Ward in N.W. Yunnan. The Annals and Magazine of Natural Kunming, 467pp [in Chinese]. History 9(8): 513–519. Than Zaw, S. Htun, S. Htoo, T. Po, M. Maung, A.J. Lynam, K.T. Lat & Thomas, O. (1914). Second list of small mammals from western J.W. Duchworth (2008). Status and distributon of small carnivores Yunnan collected by Mr. F. Kingdon Ward in N.W. Yunnan. The Annals in Myanmar. Small Carnivore Conservaton 38: 2–28. and Magazine of Natural History 14(8): 472–475. Zhang, B., K. He, T. Wan, P. Chen, G.Z. Sun, S.Y. Liu, T.S. Nguyen, Thomas, O. (1922). On mammals from the Yunnan highlands collected L.K. Lin & X.L. Jiang (2016). Mult-locus phylogeny using topotype by Mr. George Forrest and presented to the Britsh Museum by Col. specimens sheds light on the systematcs of Niviventer (Rodenta, Stephenson R. Clarke, DSO. The Annals and Magazine of Natural Muridae) in China. BMC Evolutonary Biology 16: 261. htps://doi. History 10(9): 391–406. org/10.1186/s12862-016-0832-8 Timmins, R. & J.W. Duckworth (2016). Muntacus gongshanensis. In: Zhang, R.Z. (ed.) (1997). Distributon of Mammalian Species in China. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T13926A22160596. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 276pp [in Chinese]. Downloaded on 06 August 2019. htps://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN. UK.2016-1.RLTS.T13926A22160596.en

Threatened Taxa

14414 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 12 September 2019 | 11(11): 14402–14414

PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. OPEN ACCESS All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

September 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 11 | Pages: 14391–14470 Date of Publicaton: 12 September 2019 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2019.11.11.14391-14470

Monograph

Communicatons

Introducton to a four-year biodiversity survey of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, in the footsteps of pioneering naturalists in western Yunnan, China – Bosco Pui Lok Chan, Zeng Bi & Shao-Zhong Duan, Pp. 14391–14401

Mammals of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province, China – Fei Li, Xiang-Yuan Huang, Xing-Chao Zhang, Xing-Xi Zhao, Jian-Huan Yang & Bosco Pui Lok Chan, Pp. 14402–14414

Current status of birds in Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, China – Xi Zheng, Fei Li, Zheng Bi, Xing-Chao Zhang, Ji-Guo Han & Bosco Pui Lok Chan, Pp. 14415–14433

A report on the herpetofauna of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, China – Jian-Huan Yang, Xiang-Yuan Huang, Jian-Fang Ye, Shen-Pin Yang, Xing-Chao Zhang & Bosco Pui-Lok Chan, Pp. 14434–14451

A preliminary report on buterfy fauna (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Tengchong Secton of Gaoligongshan Natonal Nature Reserve, China – Yik Fui Philip Lo & Zheng Bi, Pp. 14452–14470

Publisher & Host

Partner Member

Threatened Taxa