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The Genus Bryoerythrophyllum (Musci, Pottiaceae) in Antarctica

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The Genus Bryoerythrophyllum (Musci, Pottiaceae) in Antarctica Polish Botanical Journal 60(1): 19–25, 2015 DOI: 10.1515/pbj-2015-0004 THE GENUS BRYOERYTHROPHYLLUM (MUSCI, POTTIACEAE) IN ANTARCTICA Philip Sollman Abstract. Antarctic material of the genus Bryoerythrophyllum P. C. Chen was studied from all specimens present in KRAM. Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) P. C. Chen var. antarcticum L. I. Savicz & Smirnova is treated as a distinct spe- cies: B. antarcticum (L. I. Savicz & Smirnova) P. Sollman, stat. nov. Three species are now known in the Antarctic region: B. antarcticum, B. recurvirostrum and B. rubrum (Jur. ex Geh.) P. C. Chen. Bryoerythrophyllum rubrum is reported for the first time from the Antarctic. It is a bipolar species. A key to the taxa is given. These species are described and briefly discussed, with notes on illustrations, reproduction, habitat, world range, distribution and elevation in Antarctica. Key words: Antarctica, Bryoerythrophyllum, Bryoerythrophyllum antarcticum, Bryophyta, distribution, taxonomy Philip Sollman, Notarisappel 2, 9076 LB St. Anna Parochie, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction When Illustrated Moss Flora of Antarctica (Ochyra descriptions below. This paper follows the framework et al. 2008) was published I was puzzled by the of Illustrated Moss Flora of Antarctica (Ochyra et al. text and figures (pp. 328–334) for Bryoerythro- 2008). Citations of authors of botanical names follow phyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) P. C. Chen. It Brummitt and Powell (1992). seemed possible that more than one taxon of sub- antarctic islands was subsumed under that name. Key to the Antarctic species This led me to study all the Bryoerythrophyllum of Bryoerythrophyllum P. C. Chen material present in KRAM (Kraków, Notes on using the key. Examine a representa- Poland). tive number of leaves or plants, and especially larger, fully grown leaves. In several cases the dentation at the Materials and methods extreme apex is clearly present only on some (younger) leaves. The key below is based only on Antarctic mate- I studied ca 90 Antarctic Bryoerythrophyllum col- rial present in KRAM. lections from KRAM, examining their anatomy and morphology several times by standard methods. Also 1. Plants growing in very compact, low (1.0–2.0 cm) examined was type material of B. recurvirostrum var. red-brown tufts to sods; leaves ovate, entire at apex; antarcticum and B. rubrum, as well as type material of plants with distinct small leafy shoots, arising espe- Barbula brachyphylla Sull. in Whipple, Barbula byrdii cially from upper part of stems; rhizoids scattered E. B. Bartram and Didymodon gelidus Cardot. All the along whole stem; leaves incurved when dry, not Bryoerythrophyllum material present in L (Leiden) was crisped; fruits unknown, monoicous ............ also examined in recent years, including much mate- ............................. B. antarcticum rial of B. recurvirostrum, and smaller-sized material 1.* Plants growing in looser tufts, often somewhat higher of Bryoerythrophyllum rubrum from Central Europe (to 3.5 cm); extreme leaf apex often indented or small (Austria). This smaller-sized material also occurs in dentate without small leafy shoots; rhizoids only Antarctic regions. present along the lower basal parts of stem; leaves Five collections of each species were fully analyzed, ± crisped when dry; fruiting or not; monoicous or described and measured. These data are combined in the dioicous ................................. 2 20 POLISH BOTANICAL JOURNAL 60(1). 2015 2. Plants usually fruiting; expanded base of leaves not upper parts of stems, the lowest leaflets scaly and pronounced, to 20–30% of leaf length; wet leaves often with blunt apex, ecostate or weakly costate, straight, at 20–45° angle to stem, not or hardly with smooth cells, leaflet margins not or weakly curved; costa ending somewhat below apex; leaf recurved below, upwards leaflets apiculate near apex commonly small, rounded; leaf usually lin- apex, with some papillae, also with shoots devel- gulate, from oblong base; costa at base 60–80 µm wide; monoicous ......... B. recurvirostrum oping gradually larger papillate leaves upwards 2.* Fruiting plants not known from Antarctica; leaves (papillae as on main stem); axillary gemmae not sheathing at base, especially pronounced on larger seen; axillary hairs hyaline, 7–8 cells long in one leaves, to 50% of leaf length; wet and dry leaves row, each cell ca 4–5:1, the lower ones smaller, often distinctly curved in upper part; leaves above slightly brownish. Leaves regularly placed along sheath tapering, very often to a small acuminate the stem, ovate, (700–)1000–1600(–1700) µm apex; costa ending with apex, in some leaves ex- long, (440–) 460–480(–520) µm wide at base, current in a shorter or longer awn; leaf usually longitudinally symmetrical, apex sometimes some- lanceolate; costa at leaf base 100–130 µm wide; what curved, leaves from an oblong base gradu- dioicous ...................... B. rubrum ally becoming smaller towards apex, when dry erect and incurved, tightly adpressed to stem to Results and discussion somewhat spreading, when wet upper part erect spreading ca 30°, unistratose throughout, some- 1. Bryoerythrophyllum antarcticum (L. I. Savicz what concave, often keeled, unbroken, decurrent & Smirnova) P. Sollman, stat. nov. wings nil, apex smaller to broadly acute to blunt, at least some leaves with 1–3 smooth, hyaline to Basionym: Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) light brown apical cells, apex without teeth; mar- P. C. Chen var. antarcticum L. I. Savicz & Smirnova, gins of larger leaves usually small recurved, 1(2) Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 48: 356, figs 1 & 2. cells broad from above base to apex, sometimes 1963. partly recurved only around the middle or plain, Type: East Antarctica, Bunger Oasis, W of station, not bordered; costa subpercurrent to percurrent, at on stony floor of valley with rivulet, associated with base (60–)80–100(–120) µm wide, brown, smooth Schistidium and Bryum algens, 24.1.1956, E.S. Korot- below, slightly smaller towards apex, covered ven- kevicz 2/3, det. L. I. Savicz & Smirnova (ex hb. LE, hb. trally upwards with quadrate papillate cells, dor- KRAM, isotype!). sally smooth below, upwards papillate (papillae as Plants growing in very dense, compact, low, on lamina), reniform in transverse section, strongly dark reddish brown tufts. Stems erect, usually convex dorsally, flat ventrally with median row of branched, especially ramified near apex, 1.2–2.4 3–4(–5) large, hyaline guide cells in one row and (–2.8) cm high, rounded in transverse section, weakly developed or often reduced ventral stereid with large central strand with smaller cells, band, more distinct at dorsal side, with distinct without epidermis; rhizoids scattered through the epidermis cells on ventral side; upper lamina cells whole stem in moderately dense clusters, brown, in surface view commonly quadrate, somewhat smooth, branched, younger rhizoids lighter, the rounded, evenly moderately thick-walled, in lon- oldest darker brown and slightly papillate. Asexual gitudinal rows, opaque, 4–6 c/o-shaped papillae propagation with rhizoidal tubers underground, per lumen on both sides, not obscuring lumen near infrequent (?) on lower, smaller rhizoids, 60– apex more dense, cells (8–)9–11(–13) µm wide, 220 µm long, in uniseriate rows of 1–6 cells or papillae in section solid, low-conical, sometimes multicellular, ± rounded to irregular, rarely star- bifid, the same height; basal cells enlarged, rec- shaped, each cell ca 13 × 10 µm in diameter, light tangular, partly prosenchymatous, thin-walled, brown, smooth, somewhat transparent, bulging; smooth, hyaline to yellowish, L/W commonly very often with tiny leafy shoots, easily breakable, (2–)3–5(–6):1, in longitudinal rows, upwards to leaflets very often remotely placed, arising from ca half of leaf length, sometimes slightly higher, P. SOLLMAN: THE GENUS BRYOERYTHROPHYLLUM IN ANTARCTICA 21 gradually passing over into papillate cells, along and a different leaf shape, bears axillary gemmae, margins several rows of smaller elongate cells not lacks a hyaline point at the apex, and has different forming a border. Monoicous, synoicous. Sporo- laminal papillae, among other differences.1 phytes not seen. Chromosome number unknown. The isotype material of B. recurvirostrum var. Illustrations. This species is well illustrated by antarcticum (Korotkevich 2/3) has the clavate hairs Savicz-Lyubitskaja and Smirnova (1963: 356, figs 1 illustrated by Savicz-Lyubitskaja and Smirnova & 2). The Bryoerythrophyllum plate (fig. 148) in Ochyra (1963: 351). Their interpretation of propagulae is et al. (2008) represents a mixture of B. recurvirostrum indeed doubtful (Ochyra et al. 2008: 333). and B. antarcticum. The Plates 1, 4–6, 14 and 28–35 belong to B. recurvirostrum. The Plates 2, 3, 7–13 and Reproduction in Antarctica. All the col- 15–27 belong to B. antarcticum. lections seen were not fruiting. Populations with Notes. R.I.L. Smith no. 7714 is present among many females dominated, and males were scarcer. the figured collections but this collection was not Habitat. Bryoerythrophyllum antarcticum has sent on loan. R.I.L. Smith no. 7715 was sent on been collected in a wide range of habitats. It grows loan and bears the annotation ‘figured specimen’. on dry to moist silty/sandy soil, gravel, shingle, Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum var. ant- till debris, volcanic scree, among stones, on stony arcticum is well described and illustrated by floors, on cliff faces, ledges, ridges, soil on rock, Savicz-Lyubitskaja
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