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MARK TWAIN’S senap moK.

PA TENT S :

UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN. FRANCE.

June 24TH, 1873. May i6th, 1877. May i8th, 1877.

TRADE MARKS:

UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN.

Registered No. 5,896. Registered No. 15,979.

DIRECTIONS.

Use but little moisture, and only on the gummed lines. Press the scrap on without wetting it.

DANIEL SLOTS & COMPANY,

NEW YORK,

INDEX.

U V W

W X YZ

/ 1

Europe, giving his chapters the form of I ^ letters; in this we think he has acted with judgment; it will place him more at his |j Fiqmifo i F&ypS, foifo | ease, give him freedom of manner, and enable him to tell an hundred little things, foe*? I ,folfoi*6'0-ri^ Peasant to be kuown, which would not I C V^. I /come in so well were he to assume the ; gravity and stateliness of regular History, | .Date, fofoLfo:/...^/.. /

, I sential, are such as fill me with apprehen¬ sions with respect to my own competency. The following articles, from the Village To furnish such a view of our county as you i Record files of 1824, are roproduced as close- propose, from the time of our earliest ac- j quaintauce with it to the present; to collect ' ly in both form and style as present type will , the few scattered accounts that tradition has permit. The series consists of twenty-nine delivered down in relation to the Abori- chapters. It began January 7, 1824, and I gines; to inquire into the history of the sev¬ ended with the issue of July 21,1824. eral settlements, to learn the character of the 'settlers; to exhibit a faithful picture of our (From the Village Record of July 28,1824.) 'several institutions, aud to give a clear and The reader will see that the History of ! concise narration of the most important Chester County is brought to a close, except a 'events, that have occurred in our little dis- few numbers, chiefly to consist of biographi¬ I trict, would appear to constitute a work cal sketches of eminent men, which will be somewhat formidable, aud to which I cau by ready for publication some time next fall. It ! no means promise myself equal. But since had been supposed that twenty-six numbers it is your particular request I will even un¬ • would have comprised every thing which dertake the enterprise, so far at least as -e- was originally contemplated in these sketch¬ lates to the information I possess upon the es! but matter accumulated as the writer ad¬ 'subject, aud hope that the cheerfulness and vanced to twenty-nine, c ntaining about an alacrity with which I proceed to fulfill my hundred columns, which would make a task, may be allowed to palliate in some mea¬ volume of between two and three hundred sure the faults of a defective execution. pages. We here take the liberty to say that Chester county being as it is, the place of jthose essays have been written by Mr. , your birth and parentage as well as that of 'Joseph J. Lewis, a young gentleman who | the former residence of many of your ances¬ has presided over the classical department of tors, it is not surprising that you should feel the Westchester Academy, and while attend¬ an interest in its history. Regarding it with ing strictly to the duties of the school, pur¬ that natural affection with which everyone suing at the same time the study of the law, looks to his native soil, your enquiries evinci ,;has by his unwearied and most meritorious no more than a curiosity that is every way I application and researches, been able to col-col¬ laudable, and a partiality what every one lect the facts, and to write these numbers so must own, considering the spot towards jrapidly that the press has never been delayed which it is indulged, to be altogether reason¬ a moment, tinder such circumstances, the able. For Chester county has ever main¬ intelligent and liberal reader will agree with tained a respectable standing among her us that they evince talents of high order, and neighboring sisters and been even distin¬ industry the most meritorious. We feel that guished on account of the many virtues that we may proudly ask for him—Where is the pertain to the general character of her citi¬ youth of 22, that in the same time, has done zens. To an uniform industry and sobriety so much, and so well ? These perfor- they unite a patriotic and enterprising spirit, ,mances have, at times, been marred by and are not less remarkable for their open errors of the press, the blame of which we and liberal hospitality, than for the regular¬ Ituke upon ourselves, the merit of them is ity of their' lives and the simplicity of their wholly his; and we take this opportunity manners. The wide distinctions which for- publicly to return him our acknowledge¬ , tune but too often creates between the rich ments for the great quantity of valuable and the poor have not obtained here. The original matter he has enabled us to lay be¬ wealthy preserve their condescension and the fore our patrons; and also to thank him for poor their independence. Thus the equally the noble example he has set to our young respect ible of the two classes meet upon men; who ought, on considering it, to start terms of an honourable equality, that does from their pillow, and ask themselves— credit to them both. The people as a body ‘What effort to render myself useful, have I j are sensible and informed, and the well jipade, during the last six months, to com¬ known fact of the superior excellence of our pare with his ? juries deserves record, ns a just testimonial in regard to the intelligence of their charac¬ (From the Village Record of January 7,1824.) ter. They can also boast of their number, many distinguished for elevated thought, su¬ |This week commences the History of Chester perior talents and profound erudition, and county. The author, it will be seeD, has the many excellent seminaries that at present I chosen the method of Russel in his modern flourish in the county, evidence a prevailing taste for the high and engaging pursuits of i literature and science. _ ■emigrants, °‘ whom our early--population was chiefly composed, since they are even I It is scarcely a century ancTT half since yet remembered by a few of our oldest citi the first European settlement v, as established zens and their native peculiarities m some in this county, at which time the Lenm manner still distinguish their posterity. We Lenape Indians were the undisputed proprie¬ can also readily trace the source of such tors of the soil, and inhabited here in con-1 events as by their importance are entitled to siderable numtors. And there are yet those notice. We may view the progress of 1m- ? . alive who can remember to have seen some ■ provement and remark tbe ,successive ' remnant of that unfortunate people, living changes that have been wrought upon the in our woods and pursuing their usual avo¬ general appearance of the country, by the cations. But as emigrants purchased and hand of cultivation and the spirit of enter- gradually occupied their lands, they with¬ nrise. And this I presume cm constitute no drew by degrees into remoter forests, -o that unpleasant task. For there is. something ■ now not a single native Indian remains an trdyanimating and agreeable nit he pros¬ inhabitant of the county. Their habits, from pect of a population springing as it were from which it seems almost as impossible to ^ean them as to reverse the order of nature itself, ’ the bosomOSODd 01of theill© Wliuwucoa,wilderness, ■ by a course of such uniform prosperity, and oblige them to fly the presence of civilization. [ with a rapidity perhaps almost They must have space for the hunt ana nd to wealth and consequence. Our ances- j woods for their game, and these cannot be Itors themselves could .scarcely have pie- had where the arts of agriculture have in¬ f sutned to anticipate.the interesting and sur- truded, But not only have they passed tirising transformations which the face of the away, but scarcely have they left a single country has exhibited in the space of a cen- trace of their former existence behind them. The principal that we do and can know is, ' tury and that the waste of the forest which that they “were and are not.” Their general * they left but half subdued should so soon * have been succeeded by the fertility of our character indeed is well described by many fiplds And it could not but fill them wim / that have written of the Aborigines, but a pride,’I conceive, were Jhey permitted now minute and particular account of that por¬ tion of the race, that once resided here, with “to return tor a moment into being, to iee the a knowledge of the chiefs that ruled among country which they had been the first to till, them, is nowhere to be found. We are told so flourishing and productive, and to it that they were stationed about the country supporting a peculation blessed m abundance with from three to six wigwams in a place, with all the means of life. It would give and we can even point out some of their them pleasure too, to observe the advances localities, but of what their numbers and what their power, we must forever subm Vi be ignorant. It is truly wonderful how little tradition has preserved respecting them, and asas rtgat 'raff/Spja there seems something almost unaccountable such a prospect could afford anything mate m it that a great, proud and high minded ally calculated to give them pain. For I am people, that had probably tenanted the soil not aware that any degeneracy fiom the for ages, should thus so quickly disappear virtues of our reverend sires can be fauly and be forgotten. The scanty gleanings of ascribed to us; unless mdeed it. be with re information that now remain are chiefly to gard to simplicity of manners, for , ibe derived from the memories of our oldest their dav the whole province was remarka¬ inhabitants—the best chronicles in fact of ble “I well remember them,” says the ven¬ the times in which they have lived. These I erable Du Ponceau with mnnob when have consulted with care and attention, and have been particular in recording the infor¬ mation as soon as obtained, with an object to preserve to the extent that I was aD!e, SfcfiS XSSJSi etiqu»tu> .Dd s some still interesting recollections which l ade, when love was not by plowing fainter and fainter at every trans¬ and pride, and friendships were unbrokenby mission, must at no distant period be in a ambition and intrigue. Yet. t „rouni« great measure lost, unless some special care respect there does not appear any just ground be taken to retain them. Few are now alive of complaint. Considering, our advance in who from personal acquaintance can speaK of the events pertainiog to the early history I SiSS of of the country, and I have conceived that it | might prove a subject of regret hereafter, should we neglect until the opportunity be I in relation to the physiognomy of the eoau past to profit by their communications, if.or the many curious and valuable iacts with description“d« *ofw its mosi- SiSf 1' which their memories are stored are no which you desire, reserving for■a where else to be found—from no other ter the loose fragments of Historical Know sources whatever can we draw so many par¬ ledge that tradition delivers aown v itiation ticulars with respect either to transactions to the Aboriginal inhabitants. In then' turn, f cotemporary with them, or to those of the I shall speak of the first civihzed oCQUpante generation antecedent to theirs. % of the soil, to whom belongs th^ y g While we regret this dearth of intelligence having braved the tnals and sufferings al¬ in relation to the Indians it will afford us ways attendant upon the settlement of a new some satisfaction to find, that the sourcss of country and of having assisted in the esM information are more numerous and fruit¬ lishment of a government upon puie ana ful as respect our own ancestors. Tueir emi¬ equitable principles. I will then proceed to, gration and settlement being an affair ot the narration of later events, of the Isom© considerable moment both to them- incidents that occurred previous to, and aui i selves and the colony in the times of its in¬ ing our revolution. . fancy, the memory of these events has been Thus you will perceive, that thinking it | more carefully preserved. We can follow sufficient for you to have assigned a task, the settlers from the first moment of their have thought proper to $boos<^r myself th landing, through the various difficulties they course to be pursued in its exe®?J'0^- were obliged to encounter in reclaiming their this is a liberty, I presume, m which you will lands from the forest and establishing them¬ not object to indulge me. Expect to hear I selves comfortably upon them. We can from me again ere long.—Yours,jAc. arrive too, without difficulty, at the charac¬ ters of the Welsh, Irish, English and German LETTEfi II. wholly in Newgavdeh, and as u approaches White Clay cieek precipitous and rude. This “Here hills and vales, the woodland and the hill is said to owe its name to a circumstance plain, which I lately learned from a very intelligent Here earth and Water seem to strive again, old gentleman of London-grove, and which Not chaos like together chrnshed and braised, was given him by tradition. A number of But, as the world, harmoniously confused.” Indians, inhabiting the valley something less Windsor Forest, than a mile west of Kennett square, having Mx Dear Brother, heard that a company of their enemies were In my description of Chester County, I on their way to attack them, and were th n shall not confine myself altogether to the actually within a short distance of their tract embraced within its present bound¬ village, hastilly armed themselves, and aries. Delaware county having been former¬ marched out to meet the invaders. Upon this ly comprehended within its limits, will prop¬ hill a furious encounter ensued, in which erly claim some portion of our attention. from the short warning given the party at- With the general appearance of the country taokoci, tJboy were obliged to use such wea¬ and its variety of feature, you are already pons as chance threw in their way; and acquainted. In some places the pleasing among the rest a number of fire-brands. The vicissitudes of gently rising hills and bending agressors after a vigorous resistance, were vales clothed with verdure or waving with put to the rout; and the Newgarden Indians wood, present the most delightful prospect to returning in triumph from the field, in com¬ 'the eye, while the great abundance of the memoration of the event, called the hill by crops, and the well built edifices of the the name of Toughranamon; which in the farmer, combine to furnish a most gratify¬ language of the natives signifies Fire-brand- ing picture of rural opulence and ease: In Mil. others, the country is more rugged, the hills Of the streams of our county, the most re¬ assume a bolder swell, and the nature of the ' markable are the Schuylkill river, the Bran- landscape becomes somewhat romantic. But Jdywine, Octoraro, French and Chester creeks. in this kind of prospect our county does not The Schuylkill forms the boundary of the abound. We have no mountain scenery, no county upon the north-east about twenty tumbling torrents, no deep narrow dells, to miles of its course. It is a clear, beautiful - gratify the eye delighted with the rude stream, varying from one hundred to an hun¬ grandeur of nature. Yet along some of our dred and fifty yards in breadth, now ren¬ streams, French-creek, Brandywine, Octora- dered navigable by means of locks and dams. ro, there is still some wildness exhibited. In It winds in this quarter through a fertile and some places the soil, not naturally fertile, has highly cultivated country of which it consti¬ been rendered abundantly productive by the tutes a fine and imposing feature; and the industry of its tenants, while in others it is banks shaded with wood or ardorned with suffered to remain in an unimproved state, verdure, together with the hills that rise andtj present an nnedifying contrast with amphitheatre-like as they retreat from its the surrounding fertility. margin aud shew their green summits one The aspect of the northern part of the above another, exhibit a scene of the most,: county is in the main rude. The Warwick picturesque beauty. Its Indian name was hill rises in the north-western extremity, in Manaiunk. the township of Westnantmeal, and running The Brandywine rises in the northern part in a south-western direction, forms the of Chester c-.unty at the foot of the Warwick boundary of the county in that quarter. It hill or Welsh mountain, in two distinct is the most considerable elevation within the branches, which after flowing in separate limits of our survey, and presents a wild channels about twenty miles, unite in the and rugged appearance. It is chiefly covered township of East-bradford 4% miles from with wood, and preserves for a numbar of Westchester. It receives in its course, Doc¬ miles a regular and unbroken chain. tor, Beaver and Pocopson, and empties into The townships north of the Great Valley, Christiana a little below Wilmington. This and those which are intersected by the Bran¬ stream is active though not remarkably dywine are generally hilly; but as we pro¬ rapid, and often so much swollen by rains ceed south, the hills lesson and the country as to carry away its bridges and to occasion becomes more even. The parts adjacent to much damage to the surrounding country. the Maryland line, ns well as those bounded It has been known to rise twelve feet above by the river Delaware, are generally level its ordinary level and of consequence to and easy of cultivation. Two ranges of hills, overflow its banks to a considerable extent. extending from the neighborhood of the At times of a flood, in place of the appearance Susquehanna to the Schuylkill, pass through of a moderate stream which it generally pre¬ the centre of the county in a course nearly sents, it assumes a bold and impetuous char¬ east, at a distance varying from half n mile acter and sweeps along with the imposing to three miles apart. Upon the easterly ex¬ consequence and grandeur of a great river. tremity of the more northerly range, known It is not navigable until it meets the tide a by the unmeaning name of Valley hill, Gen¬ little above its junction with the Christiana. eral Washington enc imped his troops during Indian Hannah, the last of her race that in¬ the winter of 1777-8. These hills are in habited Chester county, used frequently to many places steep, high and rugged, and mention a place between the Brandywine form between them the Great Valley so mills and the mouth of the creek, once much much celebrated for its fertility. The amount resorted to by her tribe during the fishing of land which this contains lying within the season, where the hook was always sure to county, may be estimated at forty eight thou¬ be productive. And it is somewhat carious sand acres, generally of a lime stone soil that during the last season many large rich by nature and highly improved by the Mackerel were caught in the same situation; art and labour of its inhabitants. Daring a circumstance unprecedented since the set¬ the greater part of the year the appearance tlement of the province. of this spacious valley is uncommonly pic¬ The endeavours I have used to ascertain turesque and interesting; especially in the the original name of this stream have been spring and summer seasons when the ground wholly fruitless. The above mentioned In¬ is clothed with luxuriant verdure, and the dian always called it by the singular name powers of the soil are shewn by its abundant which it at present bears, and whence this production.. [is derived or what- occurrence determined it, Toughranamon is the only hill of any con¬ is now but a subject of conjecture.* sideration in the south. It is a continuous French creek has its sources a few miles ridge, about four miles in length, lying within the county of Berks and running in a sinuous course iu the generafairectionlif tv—The hills on~the south side, for t south east enters the Schuylkill at the Phoenix space of several miles in latitude, are com¬ works twelve miles below Pottsgrove. Its posed almost entirely of 1th?J0Clj«heSHorn“ channel is rocky and the country through my observations have extended. The Hoine- which it flows rough and hilly. hlend rocks are of frequent occurrence fornci The principal sources of the Octoraro are ing extensive beds in the Grande, Gneis and in the Great Valley, in the township of Sads- Mica slate dispersed °.verl1te^r. received, ure questions tnat ful supply of water with which the county would be interesting to the agriculturist to have satisfactorily answered. Where the ex¬ With respect to the geology of the country, periment of cultivation has been triad, it my information is not so complete and par¬ has, at least in some instances, succeeded, as ticular as could be desired. Yet I shall not is evidenced by the farm of Philip Price, as withhold on this account the little I possess well as by that cf Mr. Davis in Birmingham; upon the subject, since a general view is all the fertility of these farms is scarcely sur¬ that you request, and more than this would passed by any iu the county. be interesting only to the scientific mineralo¬ The Gneis and Mica slate also contain gist and geologist. . largs portions of limestone, the most consid¬ The whole tract of country lying between erable bodies of which lie along the Great the Allegheny mountains and the alluvial of Valiev. Extensive beds are also found in the Atlantic, is, in the main, decidedly primi¬ the vicinity of Doe-Bun, Whiteclay, Bed tive. There are, however, gome deviations clay, Brandywine and French Creeks. An from this general formation which obtain in immense quantity of this valuable mineral the northern portion of the county where the is every year converted into quick lime for red sand stone, considered transition, pre¬ the purpose of manuring the land, nud the vails. This alternates occasionally with a stone is frequently drawn 10,12 or 14 miles kind of clay slate, containing immense quan¬ from some neighborhoods, and the lime it¬ tities of animal and vegetable impressions, self still further. The county, south of the which would seem to indicate a much more Valley, contains a great variety of earthy recent formation. The extensive beds of minerals, but metalic orse appear to be sand stone, I am inclined to believe, of the rather scarce; yet in the northern part of the same character, though it is possible, they county, iron mines have been opened which may be a fine grained' ’ Mica’,T5“ Slate.*51a But we are said to yield abundantly. Clay suitable to the manufacture of Por¬ celain or China ware, has also been discov¬ * It appears to be the common impression, ered, and daubtless exists in considerable that the creek owes its names to the circum¬ quantities. Many tons of this clay have al¬ stance of a vessel freighted with Brandy and ready been taken from the land pf Israel Wine having been stranded at its month, or Hoooes, in JNewgarden township, within the of a waggon loaded with the same liquors, last 18 months, and transported to New-York having been overturned into it m the early for the use of a manufactory in that city. I dimes of the province. The opinion of my Beds of it mostly impure, are of very fre very estimable friend, Col. Thomas of Phila¬ quent occurrence in the Granite district, bor¬ delphia, with regard to it, appears to me to dering upon the Delaware and Maryland be more reasonable. He thinks the name lines, was given it on account of the colour of the At the time the European emigrants first water which formerly much resembled a settled in the county, it was principally over¬ mixture of brandy and water. This colour shadowed by forest, only a small patch here was occasioned by the water of a slough 7 or and there around the Indian huts, having 8 miles above Downingtown mingling with - been cleared by the natives for the purpose the stream. This slough appears to have of growing their corn. But the woods at been once a lake which has been drained at that time wore a very different appearance length by the deepening of the creek's chan¬ from what they do at present. Owing to the nel. Indian custom of firing them once or twice will leave the decision of this point to more fin the year, the small timber and bushes experienced geologists. were killed in their growth, nnd of course Throughout the county south of the Val¬ the forests were but thinly set. I am in¬ ley, the prevailing rock is Gaels, sometimes formed that one of the first settlers said, alternating with the Granite, and at others that at the time of his first acquaintance with with the Mica Slate. The Granite is most the county, he could have driven a horse abundant in the townships bordering on Del¬ and cart from one of its extremities to the aware and Maryland, and the Mica slate m- other, in almost any direction without meet¬ creasesjn quantity as wa approach the Val- ing with any material obstruction, '< ■- y* ' in a short time, however The ireesTiegan _ mm to be felled, and the grounds cleared for the w other causes operating to produce its refine¬ purpose of tillage. But for a number of ment and melioration. But as my business years, the process of agriculture was extreme¬ is with the past and not witn the future, I ly rude and imperfect. No regular rotation shall refrain from meddling at present with of crops was observed. A field was frequent¬ > t this subject of theory and philosophy.—■ ly appropriated to one kind of produce for Yours, d can¬ tled that fertile country”—which tradition! dour, gained their confidence, while tne sufficiently shews their abandonment of a benevolence of his disposition and the mild¬ former residence and a long journey in ness of his manners, won their hearts. search of a new. But what most determines; W ith tills great man the Lenape concluded the location of that former residence is the a treaty the most celebrated perhaps in the fact of their having sent 100 years ago some! annals of the world. It deserves particular of their nation, who went, “as far north as; notice. Previous to his sailing for the Amen- the Agnapah nation, 139 miles above the cm continent he sent before him commis¬ Nachez on the east side of the Mississippi sioners who had instructions to make with river, and were prevented proceeding further the Indians a treaty of eternal friendship. by the interference of French party, "in This was accordingly done and soon after quest of their brethemThese facts and. re¬ the arrival of Wm. Penn, he appointed a day, lations go strongly to establish my position, on which it was to be publicly ratified. and had I time and space to spare, I fancy When the day arrived, attended by his small that I could make out the case with suf¬ train of followers, consisting of men, women ficient clearness and reconcile all difficulties. and children, he proceeded to Shackamaxon, Would it be too great a stretch to suppose, where the Sachems and their tribes were al¬ that Manca Oapac and his consort Mamma ready assembling. They were seen m the Ocalio who fiist appeared to instruct and woods as far as the eye could reach, and civilize the Peruvians and establish the Pe¬ a looked frightful both on account of their ruvian empire, were also Alliwegi? They numbers and their arms. The Quakers are were perfect strangers to those whom they said to have been but a handful m compari¬ afterwards governed but acquainted with the son, and these, weaponless, yet undaunted; arts then only known as we can tell to the for they confided in the righteousness of Alliwegi, and allowing them to have made their cause. , . , . , , their way to Peru immediately after the flight Wm. Penn appeared in his usual clothes of their people, the 80 years spent by thereat without any insignia of eminence, and was of the tribe in search of another abode will distinguished only by a sky. coloured sash fix the difference of the dates of the Peruvian wound round his waiste. His relation, ana I and Mexican states at near.100 years, which secretary. Col. Markham, stood on his right, agrees marvelously well with our historical: hi« friend Pearson on his left, and a tram 01 account. I wish you to consider it. Quakers behind; while in his hand he held a roll of parchment, containing the conhrma- t Iroquois or Five Nations, children might know what had passed be- . tastefully variga were dt. , , tween them, just as if he had remaiued with tived chiefly from stones found by the bord itheru himself to repeat it. The Indians ers of the brooks; and it is a little remarkable spake in turn, and pledged themselves to that although her red nnd yellow were live in love with Wm. Penn and his children, known by some of the whites, none were as long as the sun and moon should endure. able to discover her fine deep green, and Thus was concluded a treaty between an beautiful purple. In her perambulations insignificant handful of peaceful and de¬ over the county, she frequently visited, fenceless people on the one hand, and an amongst others distinguished by their be¬ 'armed and powerful nation of barbarians on nevolence and iuterest for her race, that well the other, equally satisfactory for both, and known philanthropist, the late Jacob Lind- particularly advantageous to the quakers;a ley, of New Garden, by whom she was al¬ treaty that at once exhibits a striking in¬ ways tenderly treated and kindly entertain¬ stance of the force of justice and pacific prin- ed. . . eiples, even when employed in dealing with But making baskets was not her only vo¬ uncivilized men. The great elm tree under cation. She, forsooth, was a doctress also,, which this treaty was confirmed, was hence¬ and practised the healing art to no inconsid¬ forward held in especial veneration by the erable extent. That excellent and venerable inhabitants of the province, and when blown old man, J. Parker of Kennett, informed me, down a few years ago, the wood was made that her fame in this line was at one time so into various articles to be kept as memorials, great as to induce him to visit her wigwam, of it, and to be particularly regarded—A little to procure her prescription for bis children,, piece of superstition, my brother, which I who were ill. She furnished him with a few hope you will join with me in most heartily herbs and pounded roots,her only medicines, forgiving. with directions for their Use, and charged By several deeds executed in the years 1683, him five shillings for her receipt; which suf¬ •—84 and —85, all claims of the Lenape upon ficiently demonstrates that she had at least the soil of that part of Pennsylvania, which learned the value of money. was afterwards designated by the name of When considerably advanced in life, she Chester county, were wholly extinguished" left her solitary wigwam and was supported and the right vested in Wm. Penn, from a Dumber of years by several of her friends whom it was principally purchased by his Jin their own houses. But some of these dy¬ friends and followers. This tract the In¬ ing and she becoming childish, mischievous dians. —gradually -y abandoned uoas themo whitesnuuco uwilloccn and troublesome was at length, at the age of pied it. Considerable numbers however re- ninety removed to the Poor House, where mained in our woods, until the breaking out although indignant at being obliged to live of the French and English war in 1755, about in such a receptacle of wretchedness, she was which time they generally removed beyond shewn every attention that the nature of her the limits of the county. Though after the wants demanded and the kindness of the death of the first proprietor the Indians steward could suggest. Here she died a few never found in any that filled his station, years afterwards, in 1803, and was buried by that zealous and steadfast friend which he J. Gibbons, the steward, in the pauper bury¬ always proved, yet the full protection of our ing ground. laws was always enjoyed by the natives, and Though a long time domesticated with the punishment visited upon those of the whites whites, this woman retained her Indian who presumed to injure them. As an in¬ character, with her copper complexion, to stance of this may be mentioned the circnm- the last. She had a proud and lofty spirit,; ■ stance, that two Indians about the year 1720, hated the blacks and deigned not to associ¬ having been shot while hunting in the woods ate even with the lower order of the whites. a few miles south of the place where Read- Without a companion of her race, without iug now stands, by two ambuscaded whites, kindred, surrounded only by strangers, she the murderers were promptly apprehended, felt her situation desolate, often spoke em¬ 'taken to old Chester, and there tried, con-»? phatically of the wrongs and misfortunes of idemned and executed. This was the second her people, upon whom alone her affections execution by hanging that occurred in Ches¬ dwelt, and seemed to view all around her. ter county. Yours, &c. with an eye of suspicion. Hence her counte¬ nance was strongly indicative of distrust, LETTER IY. which joined with an air of pride that never “Lo the poot Indian.”—Pope. left her, rendered the expression of her face CONTENTS. striking and remarkable. In her conduct she was perfectly moial and exemplary and Indian Hannah—Character of the Indians— by no means given to the vice of drunkeness Anecdotes illustrative of it—Indian imple¬ to which so many of her nation were sub¬ ments of art and war. ject. The last of the Lenape, resideut in Ches¬ With regard to the number of Indians ter.co. died in the peison of old Indian Han¬ that formerly inhabited Chester County no nah at the Poor House in 1803. The circum¬ certain estimate can at present be found, bnt stance of her being for a number of years judging from the abundance of game that the sole survivor of her people, seems to en¬ once existed, and from the numerous patches title her to a notice, which the merit of her of com formerly cultivated by the Indmn/. character Slone, would not have procured I should conceive that there were means/°f her. She appears to have been one of a supply, not for a dense, but for quite a/cn- family, that adopted the English manner of siderable population. Indeed the fact men¬

naming, calling themselves Freeman, and in¬ ' 1 tioned in a letter* from James Logan to Win. habited for a number of years one of a small Penn, that more than one hundred Indian cluster of wigwams in Marlborough town¬ chiefs had been to visit his (the proprietor’s) ship. Her principal abode after she set up for son at Pennsbury, a short tiipe after his ar¬ herself in the world, was a wigwam upon the rival in America, corroborates the conclusion Brandywine; bat during the summer she that the eastern partsPennsylvania were travelled much through different parts of the well inhabited. county, visited those who would receive her From whht I b*ve been able t° collect, it with kindness, and distributed her baskets appears, that tie Indians were most thickly These were fabricated chiefly after the man¬ settled about Pequa, and along the great ner of those now in use by our school boys valley. .Ti'otner parts of the county ?eeQ prettr ^enly dis¬ and painted with various colours; red, orange! tributed, except that west of White Clay green and purple. The colours with which population was more rare. They pose of taking ample ana moody revenge; .were scattered about through the forest and' and he was with difficulty prevented from 'generally seated with five or six families, aceomplisbing his desigp. and as many wigwams clustered together in Mr. Heckewelder in .attempting to shew a place. The situation they generally chose that the Indians are susceptible,of the noblest for a residence, was near some spring of feelings of genuine friendship, relates the water, and if possible on the side of a hill following circumstance, of his life being looking toward the south. Around their huts saved by an Indian friend. “From behind a . they cleared a few acres of ground for their log in the bushes where he was concealed he corn, and planted an orchard of six or eight espied a hostile Indian at the very moment pe'ach trees for the use of their families. he was levelling his piece at me. Quick as In the latter pari of spring the Indians lightning he jumped between us, and exposed often forsooit their winter habitations and his person to the musket shot just about to during the fishing season visited the large I be fired, when fortunately the aggressor de¬ streams, and employed some time in procur¬ sisted from fear of killing the Indian whose ing a supply of fish. Much of the summer body thus effectually protected me, at the was frequently spent in wandering. The imminent risk of his own life. Captain men would sometimes encamp their families White Eyes in 1774 saved, in the same man¬ in the woods, and be absent for weeks to¬ ner. the life of David Duncan, the peace gether. Within the recollection of persons messenger, whom he was escorting. He :now living, when the settlements were quite rushed regardless of his own life, up to an advanced, the Indian women were used to be inimical dhawanese, who was aiming at our jencamped in considerable numbers upon embassador from behind a bush, and forced the thousand-acre tract in East Whiteland, him to desist.” | during several months in the year, and there The Indians of Chester County, like the engaged in their common employment of rest of tbeir raee, shewed much respect to basket making, while the men were upon the memory of their dead and conducted! j| distant excursions. When the corn was ripe their interments with becoming solemnities. they gathered it, and strung the ears upon Their burying grounds were objects of es¬ poles. This article they prepared in various pecial care and never suffered to be neglect¬ wavs, sometimes by roasting, and sometimes ed. William Penn speaks of these people as being beaten and boiled with water, it was t be'iug “choice of the graves of their dead; for, made into homine; a dish since not unknown lest they should be lost by time and fall to to the tables of our farmers. They also made common use, they pick off the grass that cakes which Wm. Penn says, “were not un¬ grows upon them, and they heap up the fal¬ pleasant to eat.” len earth with great care and exactness.” The character of the aborigines is already But they appear to have done more, and1 too well known to require a long description, in order to guard effectually the sacred de¬ I shall therefore satisfy myself, my dear posit, to have piled up stones to a consider-: ; brother, with giving you my ideas of its gen¬ able height, in the form of a cone, over the eral outline. The Indians, I speak of the graves o their connexions. There are now Lenape in particular, are warm in their at¬ in the county remains of many of these! tachments and ready to risk their lives for . monuments. The one most known stood the safety of a friend, while in their enmities, they are most implacable. Time cannot * Contained in a manuscript collection of cause them to forget their resentment, nor the letters of James Logan and Wm. Penn,: distance secure you from its effect. What¬ made by that excellent woman Mrs. Deborah ever they possess is shared with the utmost liberality, and in every respect they exhibit Logan of Stentoa, the very opposite to a selfish, or avaricious upon the top of a hill d short distance above disposition. They are free as the deer of their Downingtown, and about a mils south of too forests, and acknowledge no distinction but turnpike, where a large collection of stone is | that which alone is rational, and which ■ “ M yet to be seen. During the revolutionary arises from virtue and talents; from superior y, 'fi:r war, a party of Indians coming from a dis-; wisdom in the council, and surpassing pow¬ tanCo, threw down the pile and carried off ers in the field. They have a courage that the bones that were baned under it. despises death, and intrepidity that dares any The habits, manners and customs of our danger, and a fortitude, that not only sus- Chester County Indians, were entirely simi¬ ; tains with patience the most cruel suffering, lar to those of the same race of which we but that triumphs under the infliction, and have often reel very minute and elaborate defies the extremities of torment—that can descriptions, with respect to their children, not only endure unshrinkingly, but glory the same us^S0 appears to have prevailed, as and rejoice amid the tortures of the knife, does now among the western tribes. They and the lingering agonies of fire. Their pride treated uem m such a manner, as was cal¬ is unbending and their spirit lofty; but they culated*0 render them capable of enduring are vain, credulous and superstitious, and ajl ]t.uds of hardship. Frequent ablution place an implicit reliance in the predictions wa? general among them. Even the last of their prophets. In short, the features of fBuily that remained in the county retained their character are strong and masculine, but tie true Indian custom in the treatment of rude, homely and severe, exhibiting an ex* cheir children. A neighbour of this family, x*£ gi-oatnosc, fcmfc never any of bsan- which resided in Marlborough township, go¬ ty, and seldom much of benignity. ing to their wigwam early one morning in An anecdote was told me sometime since winter, saw one of the Squaws bring out an by our aged townsman Caleb Biinton, quite infant boy apparently two or three days old, illustrative of this implacability of the Indian break the ice of a pond that stood near with disposition of which I have spoken. Among a tomahawk, and souse the little fellow in. the natives that occasionally inhabited his The neighbour remonstrated, exclaiming father's woods, there was a boy about his that she would kill the child. “No, no—no age and size, with whom he was remarkably kill him—make him hardy,” she returned intimate. Upon one occasion they quar¬ giving the young cub an additional dip. The relled, a scuffle ensued in tba course of which event justified the usage of the mother. He my informaut struck the tawny pugilist upon became “a frame of adamant.” the nose, which in consequence bled profuse¬ The Indians, were quite observant also of ly. Pfteen years after the Indian still bear-i tbeir religious rites and ceremonies. Some ing in mind the remembrance of his discom- of these wera performed by large companies -fiture, went to the house of his youthful which assembled periodically at some par¬ playmate about midnight, with the full pur- ticular place for the purpose. Upon, the fKHHS ■■■—■I1 lj l« MW 1 III . I..-. - Western farm, there is a never pring, funnotieed---un visited, except u; which was held in peculiar reverence among navigators, until some time afterwards. The them, as tlio especial gift of the great spirit, sagacity of the S wedes first discovered the ad¬ and was the scene of many of their religious vantages of having a station upon that river, ceremonies. Here they performed their and Sir John Printz with a small bodv of dances and prepared their feasts in honor of Swedish adventurers, in the year of 1631, the Being they worshiped. more than half a century previous to the The implements formerly used by the In¬ landing of Wm. Penn, erected forts at Chris- dians are now matters of curiosity. Wholly tiaua near Wilmington, at idsinghnrg ,* unacquainted with any of the metals, these since Salem, New Jersey. He also establish¬ people were of Consequence reduced to the ed, during the same year, the first settlements necessity of forming their instruments of art made by Europeans within the present boun¬ and war from other materials. With infinite daries of Pennsylvania, at Chester, and upon pains and labour they constructed axes, hoes, Iimcum island, since a part of Chester coun¬ spear and arrow heads, from the hardest ty. On this spot,” according to Dr. Dnpon- Istoues, and gave them an edge altogether sur¬ ceau, rose the fortress of New Gottenburg prising. Many of them have come under the metropolis of the Swedish American em¬ my own observation. The axes have some- pire. Here, says their historian Companius • what the shape of those which we are nccus- governor Pnntz built an elegant Mansion- £ domed to use, only that they are not so broad House tor himself and his dependents with a on the edge nor so heavy in the pole. Gen- garden, a pleasure house and other appur¬ erally they have a gu‘ter run around them, tenances.! There a church was built, and for the purpose of attaching a withe with a there the principal inhabitants bad their handle. Some are made two edged and con- houses and plantations. What has become . siderably smaller, with a hole passing longi¬ jot that seat of luxury and gramieur ? Not a tudinally through the middle, and in shape trace of its former glory is to be seen; it lies t bearing somo resemblance to a common waste and desolate tenanted only by grazing > broad axo. These were doubtless intended cattle, and near it where perhaps formerly for warlike purposes. Spear heads varying stood one of those handsome dwellings which from four to seven inches in length, sharp the historian describes, is an impure laza- and well finished, have been found, and In¬ 1 , to, the chosen abode of pestilence and, dian darts, certainly designate! for the heads death, buch are the vecissitudes which our1 of arrows, and much smaller than their young country has already experienced.” spears, though similar in shape, are still fre¬ glr Printz continued governor of Nova quently picked up in our fields. Some In¬ buecia, as the Swedish possessions upon the dian pipes wrought of stoue, remain as speci¬ Delaware were called, until the year 1654. mens of Indian art. One of superior work¬ (three years previous to his resignation, be manship, was a number of years ago in pos¬ suffered the Dutch to build a fort upon the session of a distinguishedQuaker gentleman* spot which New Castle now occupies, Sthen of this county and by him presented to a .within the limits of the Swedish territory travelling minister from England who con¬ without opposition. His timidity was satis¬ sidered it so much of a curiosity, as to sup¬ fied with a new remonstrance to a measure ply it with a silver stem. This piece of In¬ which a more intrepid character would hav dian luxury must have cost infinite labour. resisted by force of arms. By means of this \ It was considerably larger than one of our fort, theDutcb acquired the command of the ordinary clay pipes, the bowl well shaped, navigation of the Delaware, to counteract and the short stem to which a reed was de¬ which, another fort was built by governor signed to be attached, neatly executed. Printz on the east side of the liver, from Yours, f Coventry. After the return of Printz to his native country, his son-in-law John Papegoia, for a LETTER Y. few months, exeicbed the authority of gov¬ (Swedes, Belgians, Gauls, their various flags ernor, but he soon followed his father, the display, government fell into the hands of Risingn, Full pinions crowding on the watery way; who appears to have been a far more active All from their different ports, their sails un- personage than either of his predecessors. ' . furled, The first use he made of his power, was to take fort Casimir. which he did by surprise, Point their glad streamers to the western world. Columbiad, B. 4. and without any loss. But this act, at that:1* juncture, appears to have been indiscreet, as: CONTENTS. it soon after produced the total subjection of | Settlements made at Chester and Tinicum the Swedish authority. The same year he by the Swedes—surrendered to the Dutch— renewed s league of friendship with both the afterwards to the English—Re-taken by the English and Dutch in the neighborhood, as Dutch—Given again to the English by the he also did with the Indians at a meeting treaty of Westminster. held with the chiefs for that purpose at My Deab Brother, Printzhoff. We have now done with the Lenni Lenape The complaint raised by the Indians, that and all the sorrows of their singular history. the Swedes had introduced much evil Let me therefore call yonr attention to a amongst them, by which many of their peo¬ . more pleasing part of our task, and leaving ple had been destroyed, was the occasion of the wretched native to seek for sympathy in tbis treaty. But the Swedes by means of the gloom and solitude of his wilds, and the presents and kind treatment, allayed all feel- '' mysterious pensiveness of his nature, turn ings of dissatisfaction in the breasts of the to our ancestors settlement here, made under natives, and a more strict and permanent the auspicious guidance of a renowned and .friendship was renewed between the parties. fortunate leader. Mutual engagements were entered into, by Although the attempts of Sir Walter Eal- which they were to assist and stand by each eigh to settle Virginia commenced so early other in all future attempts, that should be as the year 1584, and a permanent settlement made against either people; and the chief was effected in 1607 at James Town, which Noamen expressed, “That as formerly they has the honour of being the oldest habitation had been but one body and one heart tney the English on the American continent, should be henceforward as one head.” The Delaware appears to have been almost conditions of this league appear to have been faithfully observed by the Indians. _jut m the year I6a5, Nova Suecfa was lost power, upon condition that all swear* forever to the Swedes, and became a part of I glance to tis majesty. , ' the province of New Netherlands, For dur¬ 1 During tha nine following years our infant' ing the summer, the Dutch fitted out six or settlement et10yed an uninterrupted peace ' seven vessels carrying about one hundred and witnessed no material change. But * men each, from New Amsterdam, the capital ia 1672 between the) of their North American possessions, with a then two greatest paratime powers of Europe ; view to reduce the forts of the Swedes upon England and Holland, the consequences wire! the Delaware. This infant armament com¬ felt even by the remote and pacific colonists manded by the governor Peter Stuyvesant, upon the Delaware, and they were restored .sailed up the river and compelled the Swedes, to their former masbrs. who were unprepared for their reception, to I n F;:r ia,the summer of the following year surrender their forts by capitulation. The Commodores Evertreand Benkes, having m Dutch on this occasion behaved with un¬ the name and under the authority of the manly and inexcusable barbarity. They dis- Hates General tiken possession of New York troyed New Gottenburg and all the bouses in deputies as had been required were sent the vicinity of the fortress, plundered the promptly by the peopltfrom Upland, New¬ ' people and killed the cattle. The officers fit V castle and Timcum to hake, in tha Lames: land principal inhabitants were carried prison¬ of their principals, submenu to the invad¬ ers to New Amsterdam, whence they were ers. _ Ihis act of ready conplunee with the transported to Holland; but the common requisitions of the Dutch commanders seemt people were suffered to remain in their pos¬ • to have conciliated unexpected favours CVr 1 sessions, upon their submission to the new tain privileges were immediately gianted to ■authorities. This country was then sub¬ I the inhabitants upon the Delavare, and three jected to (he control of Lieut. Governors, judiciaries erected, one at Niewer Amstei commissioned by the Director General of I (New-Castle) one at Upland (Chester) ane. .New Amsterdam. John Paul Jaquet was the the other at Hoarkill (Lewistovrj) under the1 first Lieut. Governor, and Aldricks, Heno- superintendance of Anthony Ode, who was Igossa, and Beekman were his successors. appointed governor. This officers commis-, It is but due to the Swedes tp remark, that sion was signed by Cornelius Ivertre and their government was mild and equitable Jacob Benkes, the leaders of the hutch expe-|- and although the authority of the governors dition, and as a curious document drawn in) was supreme, it was never exercised in a se- the genuine antique style it is vorthy in-, arbitrary manner. Their treatment speetion. It commences thus—“Tie honom- or the Indian natives was always marked by able and awful council of war for their High a strict adherenoa to justice, and they were Mightinesses of the states General of tha rewarded in return by (he affection and re¬ United Netherlands, and hie serene highness spect of the neighboring tribes. Not a drop of Indian blood was shed by the Swedes upon the Delaware. ILi * A name now some what familiar—I wishj ■ We are informed by Proud, that the Dutch JI could say altogether classical—since the pub¬ lication of Konningsmarke. Lieutenant Governors ‘‘had power to grant I lands, and their patents made a part of the ■I + He gave it the name of Printzkoff.—I Companius. j ancient titles of the present possessors. Al¬ drichs’ commission of the 12th of April 1657, § Delaware. _ Ishews the extent of the Dutch claim on the the prince of Orange, over a squadron of I ; west side of the Del. at that time. He was ■ships now at anchor in Hudson’s river in| j appointed Director General of the Colony of New Netherlands, to all those who shall see j South River,! New Netherlands and the fort- or hear these greetings,” &a. , ress Casimia now called Niewer Amstel (New Thus Upland became the centre of the (Castle) with all the lands depending thereon first judicial district constituted within the I I according to the first purchase and deed of present limits of Pennsylvania, and hence¬ . release of the natives, dated July 19th, 1651; forth a place of some consideration. It! , beginning at the west side of the Minquoas . might furnish us with some amusement to I I or Christiana kill, in the Indian language inspect the records of the first court held at | Suspecough, to the mouth of the bay or river this place and to observe what were the called Bompthook, in the Indian language ■ nature of the differences then determined.' 1 Can irasse, and so far inland as the bounds But unfortunately for our curiosity, these and limits of the Mioquoas land with all the records are not now within our reach, having streams &c. appurtenances and dependen¬ v A been deposited by the late D. Logan’, in the cies.” archives of the state at Harrisburg. The Dutch dynasty in America continued The Dutch however did not long enjoy j .about nine years alter the forcible seizure of their new acquisitions, for the peace of West- j the Swedish territories. But in 1664 Charles minster, concluded on the 9th of Feb. 1674,: II, a sovereign, by no means partial to the restored this country to the English; and I Dutch, and perhaps foreseeing tha conse¬ Oapt. Cantwell and Wm. Toinrn, shortly quence that the American settlements were after took possession in the name of the hiboutto assume, resolved to take measures king. for annexing New Netherlands to the British Thus we have seen that the first settle- I }; domains. Me accordingly granted a patent ments seated upon the Delaware river were ! to his brother Janies Duke of York, for an within the present limits of Chester County, extensive tract of land including the terri¬ and the colonists were natives of Sweden. tory claimed by the Dutch; and Sir Robert ■ .! ; The establishment had been planned by the Oarr and Col. Nicolls were immediately dia- genius of the illustrious Gustavus Adolphus, ! patched with several ships and a small body and his daughter Christina, assisted by the ot land forces to put him in possession of the wisdom of the great Chancellor Oxenstiera ! '■■! country, bir Robert after having reduced accomplished it. And although it was soon! New Amsterdam without resistance entered lost to the kingdom yet there is something i the Delaware, and at New Castle received the gratifying in the consideration, that this submission of the inhabitants settled upon event did not happen until after the termi¬ that river. The articles of capitulation are nation of the reign of the one, and the life of! dHted the 1st of October, 1664, and secure to the other of its principal founders. We have1 the inhabitants the enjoyment of liberty of seen the frequent changes of masters that conscience, protection in their estates real the young colony experienced and in wha» j and personal, and permit the magistrates manner the possession passed to and fro | be continued in the exercise of their civil: from baud to hand, until it finally settled in the English. f •>. * new scene now —„„ listic. Fearing tue imputation of vanity, he tinction a are soon to be lost in the general used his utmost endeavours to have Penn name of Englishmen and the Friends with struck out of the name, aud even visited the their famous leader at their head, flying king for that purpose ; but as we would have from the persecution of a Christian church in wished, his efforts were wholly unavailing : their native land, come to people these shores Charles persisted iu retaining it. and to give a new impulse, spirit and conse¬ In the same year, three ships crowded with quence to the infant colony. But as my let¬ [adventurers sailed for the province. One of ter is already of respectable length, I shall them the Bristol Factor, Roger Drew, com¬ reserve for my next what I have to commun¬ mander, arrived before Upland on the 11th icate in relation to this event. Valeto— of December. Here the passengers seeiug Yours, &c. ^ some houses, went on shore at Robert Wade’s landing near the lower side of Chester creek, LETT Eft VI. and the river having frozen up during the Per mnris hue primum venere pericla Bri- night they remained in this place all winter. tanni, John Otteo, Nathaniel Allen and Edward Deinde alii patriam deseruere suam; Lonet with their families, Joseph Kiikbride Adveniunt multi Germana et Hibernica then a boy and afterwards a man of conse¬ proles, quence in the colony, and several servants of Quos, huesaepe nimis navis onusta vehit. Governor Penn were among the passengers. Descripiio Pennsylvania. Iu one of these ships, we are not told par¬ Twas hither first the British crossed the ticularly in which, arrived Wm. Markham main, [deputy governor and a relation of the pro¬ Thence many others left their native plain : prietary. He, with certain commissioners ap¬ Hibernia’s sons forsake then- island home, pointed to assist him, was enjoined to treat ? And from Germania crowded vessels come. with tne Indians, and procure their good will, by observing in his intercourse with Proud. them a kind aud friendly disposition, aud a CONTENTS. strict regard to honour and justice. Wm. Penn’s charter — Province named — The year following brought Wm. Penn Landing of the first English settlers—of himself to America. He lauded at New Castle Wm. Penn—County named—Meeting ot with many of his friends on the 21st of Octo¬ the first assembly—Laws passed during its ber “amidst the acclamations of the diversi¬ session—Seals for the counties established. fied population” that had assembled to wel¬ My Dear Brother, come his coming. His fame had flown be¬ Although the shores of the Delaware had fore him aud the Indians, the Dutch, the been inhabited by Europeans fifty years pre¬ Swedes, the Welsh aud the English were vious to the landing of Wm. Penn, the set¬ their to exhibit an expression of their joy at tlement during that period had made no con¬ beholding him, aud to shew their respect for siderable advancement. Tne banks of the the greatness and excellence of his character. river, and those in particular places only ' How gratifying must have been such a re¬ were occupied, while the interior was un¬ ception to the heart of that truly good and tenanted and indeed but partially explored virtuous man! by the whites. Shortly afterward he proceeded to Upland The charter granted to William Penn the in order to call the first General Assembly. province of Pennsylvania, was dated at West- & This, says ClarksoD, was a memorable event, minster the 4th of March 1681, and signed by and to be distinguished by some marked cir¬ writ of Privy seal. In this instrument the cumstance. He determined therefore to ixtent and boundaries of the new province change the name of the place. Turning ire specified, and the free use of the lands rouud to his friend Pearson, one of nis own md waters with their produce wholly given society, who had accompanied him in the ip to him. He had the power of making i ship Welcome, he said: “Providence has aws with the advice aud assent of the fiee- brought us here safe. Thou hast been the1, nen of the territory assembled, of appointing companion of my perils. What wilt thou udges and other officers, of pardoning aud that I should call this place ?’’ Pearson re¬ eprieving except in cases of wilful murder plied : “Chester, iu remembrance of the city pmd high treason. He might also in instan¬ rrorn whence 1 c ime.” Wm. Peuu said that ces of great emergency, make ordinances it should be called Chester aud that when he without the consent of the freeureu, when divided the laud into counties he would call | hey could not be suddenly and convenient¬ one of them by the same name also. ly assembled; which however were to be This promise was soon after fulfilled. Audi rgreeable to reason aud not repugnant to the although the bouudary line between Cnester aws of England. In event of invasion or aud Philadelphia counties was not accurately 2 listurbance by pirates, he had authority to defined until about two years afterwards,'' evy, muster and train to arms, the men of the counties had their respective names, and be province, and fo act in the capacity of the limits were pretty generally uuderstoo j. | laptain General of the forces thus raised. In By the fifteenth article of the Frame of Gov¬ hort he was made a bsolute proprietary of the ernment it had been provided, that the gen¬ hovince of Pennsylvania, and large powers < eral Assembly should consist for the first ud privileges were assigned him as govern- year of all the freemen of the province that should choose to attend, with an equal num¬ This charter was followed by a declaration ber from the territories. The members hav¬ asued by the King, to the planters of Penn- ; ing met punctually at the time appointed, the ylvania, expressive of the grant, describing J fourth of December 1682, Nicholas Moore he bounds of the province, and enjoining president cf the society ot Traders, was ap¬ hem to yield all due obedience to their pro- • pointed Speaker, and the house proceeded to rietary. business. Wm. Penn had intended to distinguish his ' As this was the first assembly field in tfie ossessions by the name of New Wales, but * province, and the only one that ever met in|] ais was not agreeable to the pleasure of his the county of Chester, I shall bo somewhat overeign, who took the naming upon hirn- particular in noticing its transactions. The elf and called the province Pennsylvania in first acts of importance that were passed, ouour of the father of the grantee, Admiral were an act of Union annexing the territories It ir William Penn, and in consideration of to the province, aud an act of settlement in ae distinguished services of that officer iu reference to the frame of government, which ; ae Eritish navy. The modesty of the pro- with certain alterations was declared to be rietor on this occasion wns^quite character- ' f6b3, the governor and council estaDhsnecl a! accepted and continued. Tire jjutcn, swedes, and foreigners of aii descriptions Within the seal for each of the counties, viz : For Cbes-f ter a plow; for Philadelphia an anchor; for boundaries of the province and territories were then naturalized. Backs a tree and vine; for New Castle a Cassia;! for Kent three ears of Indian com; and for! All rhe laws agreed upon in England as Sussex a wheat sheaf. Thomas Usher was theI belonging to the Frame of Government were, with some alterations, and with the addition : first Sheriff of Chester and appointed about of nineteen others, thus making together the same time.—Yours, &o. fifty-nine, passed in clue form. Among these laws I shall notice the follow¬ s The Indians! The Indians! The account g hr-[ ing: “All persons who confessed the one en by our correspondent of Indian Han¬ 1 Almighty and eternal God to be the Creator, nah, the last of her race, has excited, as itj Upholder and Euler of the World; and who held themselves obliged in conscience to live was calculated to do, a good deal of inter¬ peaceably and justly in society, were in no est. The following letter contains some! ways to be molested for their religious per¬ anecdotes characteristic of the natives.. suasion and practice; nor to be compelled at any time to frequent any religious place or Their taking considerable quantities ofj ministry whatever. All Treasurers however, shad in the Brandywine, by means of ■■ Judges, Sheriffs, Justices of the Peace and nil seines made of grape vines, is a curious! whatsoever in the service of the government, and all members elected to serve in Provin¬ fact in the story of old times. The whole cial Council and Gsnaral Assembly, and all of the letter will be read with pleasure. electors, were to be such as professed faith TOE THE EECOED. in Jesus Christ, and as had not been con¬ In the account of the Indians of Chester victed of ill fame, or unsober and dishonest county, (in the Record) it is stated they lived conversation, and who were one and twenty in Marlborough; this I think is a mistake;— years of age. All children of the age of about 45 or 50 years ago, there were some twelve were to be taught some useful trade wigwams in Kennett township, near Webb’s or skill, to the end, that none might be idle tavern, not more than 50 rods from Marl¬ in the province; but that the poor might borough; at this time their inmates were re¬ work to live, and the rich if they became duced to four persons, viz: Andrew,* Sarah, poor, might not want. Servants were not to Nanny and Hannah, about this time they | be kept longer than the time of servitude left their habitation, aod settled in Birming¬ agreed upon, and were to be put in fit equip¬ ham, and I think the three first mentioned age at the expiration of it. All pleadings, died while they were located there. After piocesses and records in courts of law were / - " this, Hannah went and dwelt in a log house | to be as short as possible. Ail fees of law near Brandywine, on the land of Humphrey were to be moderate and to be hung up on Marshall, or rather, as she considered it, on tables in the courts. All persons wrongfully her own laud. Although Hannah was not imprisoned or prosecuted were to have given to the vice of drunkenness, yet some double damages against the informer or of the others wete; most of them were re¬ prosecutor. All fines were to be moderate. markable fond of cider, and would come in With respect to the criminal part of these cider making time, stick their heads in tlm laws one new principle was introduced into i trough and take a hearty drink, indeed they it. Wm. Penn was of opinion that though! liked it in all its stages; they would generally the detering of others from offences must! continue to be the great, and indeed only ask for it, when trading with their baskets, end of punishment, yet in a community pro-i and if told the cider was out. they would say feasing itself Christian, the reformation of' —squeeze the barrel, (in a long low voice:) Hannah in her trading excursions was al the offender was to be inseparably connect¬ ways attended by her dog, and if he was ed with it. Hence he made but two capital! ahead when she approached a house she offences; namely, murder, & treason against! would say, “cotcli aming, or coteh a mmgo,” the state, and hence also all prisons! the dog would drop his tail, fall back and were to be considered as work-shops where walk close behind her, she was also attended the offenders might be industriously, soberly sometimes by her pigs, they would follow and nioraiy employed. wherever she went and stay at a house as Tne Assembly having sat three days, broke long as their owner; whether she took them up; but before they adjourned, they returned along as a cheap way of feeding or having no heir most grateful thanks to the Governor. one at home to feed them, I cannot say. The Swedes also deputed for themselves Hannah was very shrewd (like other Indians) Racy Cock to return him their thanks, and in her answers and remarks; a person once to acquaint him, that they would love, serve asked her if they had any tradition among and obey him w*th ail they had, declaring it them, relative to their ancestors coming or was the best day they had ever seen.1'* settling in this country, she said they had; Although entirely inexperienced in the that a great many ages ago her people lived on the other side or over a great water, one * Vide Clarkson’s life Qf Penn, day observing a woodpecker come from over business of legislation, much harmony ap¬ the ocean, with an acorn in his bill, they pears to have prevailed among the members concluded from this circumstance, that therej constituting the first provincial assembly. was a woody country in that direction, which This is sufficiently evident from the circum¬ they afterwards went in quest of, and found stance that no less than sixty-one laws were lit to be a fact; now it is very probable that enacted during a session of half a week’s she made this story up in her mind at the continuance. The expedition used on this moment the question was put to her. occasion forms a striking contrast with the The name of Indians, carried terror to the dilatory proceedings of some modern legisla¬ ear of a stranger; in that day there was an tive bodies, which but too often seem to English servant boy in the neighborhood, on make the business of the commonwealth but hearing some one say, that the Indians were a secondary consideration. coming, betook the alarm and flew into the It is however a curious fact that not one of house, and espying the oven, took refuge in those sixty-one laws is at present in force, it, but being informed that they came to sell having all been repealed, supplied, or become baskets, he crawled out of his den. The In¬ obsolete. , , dians carried on a trade with baskets from Soon after the close of the next session of the first settling of the county; by the white the legislature, in the beginning of the year people; and by selling them, and something i like begging made a Tolerable living; when Those that arrived in the twenty-three the fish were plenty in the Brandywine, they ships of which 1 have spoken, distributed caught great numbers with drag nets made themselves throughout the province, aud not of grape viues wove together like riddles, and I an inconsiderable number settled in Chester would draw out a hundred shad at a hall. In j county. Many had taken the precaution to their travels they often stopped at Jeremy bring out with them provisions, frames of Clouds, in Marlborough, and would always houses, and implements of trade aud hus¬ task for cider, and when he would go for it, bandry; and these experienced the benefit of they would say “take the half bushel Jel- their prodence and foresight. Such as were emy,” it was remarkable that they always not so well provided, having arrived some I used 1 for r, &c. weeks before the commencement of winter Sometime about the year 1745, there was n were able to erect such habitations as served boy named Isaac, belonging to the family of with some degree of comfort to protect them Indians that resided in Kennet, remarkably from the inclemencies of a Pennsylvania win¬ smart and active, who mostly carried his bow ter, yet they were sometimes reduced to • land arrows with him, the neighboring boys v straits for want of the necessary articles of would put np pennies as a mark for him to food. shoot at, if he struck the penny it was his, But their houses—if the temporary huts I but if he mist it he gave oue, and many a erected by the first emigrants deserve the one he got in this way; he would kill a wood- , name—were of the most inferior kind.* The (pecker on the top of the highest tree in the general plan for the construction of these, i woods. * was furnished by Wm, Penn. They were to • he about 30 feet long and 18 wide, with a par¬ * Andrew on his return home from his ex¬ tition in the middle. When the shell was up, cursions would load himself with land tor¬ ho hut was to be covered aud defended on toises which they appeared to be fond of as he outside by clan boards and lined by the. an article of diet. [same within. The interv.niug space be- jtween the external covering and inside lin- LETTER VII. ng, was to be filled with earth to keep out Yet then no proud aspiring piles were raised, :he cold and frost. The ground floor was to No fretted roof with polished metals blazed. (consist of clay the upper of wood and a clap Pope. [board roof was to cover the whole. CONTENTS. Many of the cabins were of still ruder con¬ struction and instead of clap boards, logs ; E More emigrants arrive—Plan of the first were used for the ends and sides and thatch houses—Indian claims to the land extin¬ for the roofs. The chimneys, down which guished—Copy of an deed. much of the light came, were of wood, the Mi Deae Beothee, windows of the better sort of houses, paper; Without a formal exordium I continue my of the more inferior blocks of wood made to narrative. You will recollect that the cir¬ fit the cases. Sashes were a luxury, unknown cumstances mentioned towards the conclus¬ even in Philadelphia. Hugh Evans, many of ion of my last, occurred during the year 16S8. whose descendants are living, used to say that he had frequently seen the great Wm. Before the end of the preceeding year no ' . less than tweuty-three vessels conveying Penn climb a ladder at his father’s, to go to altogether more than two thousand souls bed.4 sailed from Europe for Pennsylvania, and For the accommodation of the increasing arrived in safety. These were principally colony, it early became necessary for the Friends who had purchased allotments and governor and proprietor to procure the ex¬ came to occupy them. They left their coun¬ tinguishment of the Indian claims to the try uot incited by mere mercenary views, lands which he wished to settle. He accord¬ ior bent solely upon the pursuits of gain, ingly entered into frequent treaties with the rat that they might find refuge from the natives upon the subject, paid them their (intolerant spirit of persecution which raged price and obtained the acknowledgement of their relinquishing to him all their right and 'at home, and sit down each man, ‘under his fii !own vine aud fig tree’ in a land, where a title to the laud. The early Iudian deeds are jinore liberal policy was pursued, and the altogether vague, the boundaries to wnicli (rights of conscience more justly regarded. . they refer are undefined and the stations (They wished to be removed from the pres¬ called for cannot at this day be precisely ns- I ence of the infectious examples of luxurious certained. This however is not now a cir¬ Europe, and out of reach of the influence of cumstance of the smallest importance. the vice aud profligacy that abounded there, 'lhe first Indian deed in relation to the land and to fix their dwelling on some “virgin of Chester county bears date June :25th, 1683. Elysiau shore,” where their children might According to this an Indian called Winge- ( be educated in the principles of virtue and bone, conveys to Wm. Penn all his lands on transmit the purity of their morals to pos¬ the west side of the Schuylkill, beginning at terity. at the first falls and extending along and Such my dear brother were the honourable back from that river, an undetermined dis¬ motives, that induced our venerable ances¬ tance; or in the language of the instrument tors to break the ties that bound them to 'so far as my right goeth.” By another their country, and to brave the difficulties deed of July 14th, 1083, two Indian chiefs, aud hazards incident to a new settlement in Secane and Icquogushan, claimants of the the wildernesses of America. Not like the land lying between Chester & Schuylkill convicts that are sometimes sent to people rivers, grant to the proprietary alt their right, new countries, the offcasts and refuse of the title and interest in the same. From Kike- world, the first emigrants to Pennsylvania tappan he purchased half of the laud lying were men that any country should regret to between the Susquehannah and the Dela¬ loose or rejoice to gain. Many were of opu¬ ware, in September; aud from Malchuloha lent families npon whom no common con¬ all lands from the Delaware to Chesapeak sideration could have prevailed to leave bay up to the falls of the Susquehannah, in their homes, and whom perhaps nothing but October. And by a deed dated July 30th, the goad of unceasing persecution could 1685, several Indian Shackamnckers, styling have driven entirely away, all were indus¬ themselves right owners of the land lying trious, discreet and prudent and every way between Chester and Peuypack creek, ac¬ fitted to render a colony prosperous, flour¬ knowledge full satisfaction tor, and release ishing and happy. Who would not be proud the whole to Wm. Peon. to reckon his descent from such worthies ? The last of these Indian deeds is dated at New-Oastle the same year and as it is lather

V SJ& it curious instrument,"and shews {Be value hlid mostly hipped ana Terms a low bee.,, which the natives at that time attached to chamber: and the ends of the houses abovei their lands, I shall insert it for your inspec¬ the first story are of boards, or sometimes!* tion. It was as follows.—“This Indenture shingles with a small chamber window .atg witnessetb, that we Packenab, Jarkham, each end.” I Sikals, Partquesolt, Jervis-Essepenaick, Feik- The caves of which we often hear, were in trug, Powey, Indian kings, Saehemakers general I believe, only the temporary resi-| right owners of nil lands from Qaing dence of the first emigrants. A few however| Quingus, called Duck creek unto Uplands, were inhabited a number of years and large called Chester creek, all along the west side families raised in them. Traces of one of of the Delaware river, and so between the these subterraunean abodes are still visible said creeks backwards as far as a man can upon a farm in Westtown township where t ride in two days with a horse, for unu in respectable settler of the name of Hiukmar consideration of these following goods to us brought up a numerous offspring. in hand paid and secured to be paid by Wm. Penn proprietary and governor of the pro¬ 'LETTETfSpr vince of Pennsylvania and territories thereof, J Receeding forests yield the labourers room, viz: 20 guns, 20 fathoms match coat, 20 fathoms stroud water, 20 blankets, 20 ket- w“8 01 tels, 20 pounds of powder, 100 bars of lead, CONTENTS. 40 tomahawks, 100 knive-,40 pair of stock¬ ■ ings, 1 barrel of beer, 20 pounds of red lead, Names of many of the first settlers, and 100 fathoms of wampum, 30 glass bottles, 30 eouut of the settlement ef several town¬ pewter spoons, 100 awl blades, 300 tobacco ships, pipes, 100 hands of tobacco, 20 tobacco tongs, 20 steels, 300 hints, 30 pair of scissors, 30 Mx DEAR BBOTHEB, .. • . i- n,a As I have now brought you to a P«* “ combs, 60 looking glasses, 200 needles, 1 when the infant colony was fast extending skippl© of salt, 30 pounds of sugar, 5 gallons of molasses, 20 tobacco boxes, 100 jewsharps, itself, and the stream of emigration flowed with unusual rapidity, I shall endeavour to 120 hoes. 30 gimlets, 30 wooden screw boxes, make you aauainted with the names of many 1103 string of beads—-Do hereby acknowledge individuals who first established themselves &o. Given under our hands and seals at within the limits of the county, and enable New-Oastle 2d of the 8th Month, 1035. Thus the claims of the only people on you to designate the location of the principal earth that possessed the least shadow^ of early allotments. Among the names I shall right to the soil were extinguished, and Vv'm. mention you will recognize many ^t have been, by successive genoiations, transmitted ■ Penn in the eyes of reason and justice ac- to the present time, and now distinguish • quired a title to his grant of stronger validi¬ families of high standing and consideration ty than the crown of England could bestow. B Yours, &c. in society. You will remark others once equally respectable as now unknown. Prom a singular map shown me by that, * The following passage from Proud, 1 accomplished literary lady, Mrs. Deborah ■ must confess at first perusal excited a smile Logan, of Stenton, I have been able h scer- lof incredulity, but the well known character of the author and his scrupulous regard to tain, not only the names of many of the first emigrants, but also the precise situation of, truth will hardly allow us to doubt. “The . lodgings of some of those settlers_ were at the laud of each individual; as every particu¬ lar purchase with the name of the owner is first in the woods; a chosen tree” (it should there laid down. This curious piece of an¬ have been hollow oy all means) “was all the 'shelter they had against the inclemency of. tiquity entitled “A map of the improved parts of Pinnsilvanid,” informs us that it was com¬ the weather. This sometimes happened late in the fall and even *e the winter season. menced by Wm. Penn in 1681, but tho date The next coverings of many of them were of its publication, which must have been several years after, is not given, not can H • either caves in the earth or such huts erect¬ Wr ed upon it as could be most expeditiously now be easily ascertained. By an inspection | procured, till better houses were built." Tnat of this map, you will perceive, that the Pro¬ they inhabited caves is a historical fact but prietors manor of Rockland embraced all it is a little difficult to conceive that they that trakc of country lying between Naman s ! would live Ions either under or in trees with¬ creek and the Brandywine, with a latitude or out farther shelter, when the smallest share 8 or 10 miles from the Delaware. of ingenuity and industry was required to Birmingham here called Brtjmahgam, was provide abodes* a little more hwfn(&n-uke9 taken up by Philip Richards, Peter Dicks, Henry Bernard, Edward Baily, John Harris,! , + Mr. Watson in a very excellent and Edward Hanis, Oliver Cope, John Buckley,! 'amusingManuscript work full of curious and John Brunsdon, Thomas Taylor, Wm. Brin- interesting matter, entitled “Historical Inci¬ ton, John Jones,- Joel Baily; Daniel Smiths dents of Germantown”—which by the way I track lay without the township on the side,; hope may be soon given to the public—has n, towards the North West. furnished such a description of the ancient WesttoWn, Richard Callet, Richatd WklM houses in this vicinity as I presume will paine, Barnabas WilcOXe, Nathan Evans,1 apply in some measure to the contemporary John Elunv, John Bond, Thomas Cowborn.l buildings of our own county. I therefore Tfiomas Rous, Benjamin Furlory, John take the liberty of conying a part of it. “The Beazo, John Waite, Joshua Hastings, John; most of the old houses in Germantown, are Marsh, Mary Finch, Richard Sneed. plastered on the inside with clay and straw Thounbuuy. John Siracock, Robert Sle-j mixed, and over it is laid a finishing coat of vens, Thomas Bradford, George Peirce, Rich¬ lime plaster. I see old houses that seem to ard Marsh, Wm. Bostick, John Simcock, Ed¬ be made of log frames and the instertices ward Brazor, Edward Turner, Joshua Bush- filled with wattles, river-rushes and clay in¬ ells, Robert Piles, John Gibbons, Robert' termixed. Probably 20 houses now remain of the primitive population. They are of Southern. but one story; so low that a 6 foot man can Conoqbd. Philip Roman, Moses Mendin- readily touch the eves of the roof. The hali, Beni. Mendinhall, Wm. Hichcot, Thos. ground story is of stone or logs; or some¬ Martin, Jno. Mendinhall, NatNewling, Peter times the front room is of stone and the back Louuder, Thomas King, Wm. Biamto, Robert | roof of logs: and thus they generally have Ohamberlan, Thomas Moore, John Sam- one room behind the other. The roof is high cock, Richard Far, Nathaniel Park. George I ‘ -*-“-* ■ Patter,-Edward Cartledg, John Ban peg, fiUOUU • uruuiu ii aiboit JlhOtDfl.3 —-, f/Ohathan Hayes, John Beanen, Charles Bea- Haiselgrove, Wm. Collet, p?5’f™’ uen, Peter Worral, James and Francis Stan¬ eph Philips, Wm. Orsborn, Wm. Clayton, ford, Thomas Ellis, Wm. Howell, Robert Jno. Brnzor, J03. Beal, Jos. Sanger, Wm. Wi Taylor, John Howell, Daniel Williamson, Beasor, Wm. Cloud, Dennis Rathford. ,s... Longford Ebeneazer, Thos. Perce, George Bethel. Francis Harrison, John Gibbons, Willard, John Nixon. The above list 111- Robert Soutbery, Robert Piles, Joseph. Bush- f- • ■ iludes the names of the settlers of Marple ell, Thomas Garrot, Francis Smith, Robeit the boundary between which and Newtowne Eyre, Edward Browne, Edward Beazor. r,y is not defined. Chechester. Robert Cloud, Jaco Chand-» Aston. Thomas Brassey, Mary More, Gil¬ ler, Francis Harrison, James Brown, John bert Woolain, John Presnor,* John Nield, Beazor, Waller, Martip, ——- clyi£°*?’ ' John Dutton, Wm. Cesell, Edward Carter, Thomas Withers, Jerenn Colet, Henry Has- y JoseDh Richards, Richard MaisoD, Thomas tings, John Hardin, John Johnson.- Mercer, John Beale, Anthony Weaver, John Morten. * Kingsman. Chestek Township. Caleb Pusey, Springfield. Bartholomew Oobbeck, Townsend, Holbert Henrickson John Bru- ■ Robert Taylor, George Mearis, Jane Louns, stow, Robt. Wade, Michell Izard, SVm. Woad- Peter Lester, George Gleave, Joseph Steed- mansee, Thomas Brasey,--Churchman, man, Widow Steedman, Francis Yarnall, Free School tract, Richard Few, Thomas Mearis, Samuel Lewis, George Sim¬ Ciborn, John Sharpless. Walter Tosset, John cock, Thos. Brassey, Edmond Cartledg, Thos Nison, John Simcocb, Henrick W. Pretchet., Wheetby, Joseph Potter, Thos. Hord, Netheb Providence. John Haistine, Rand Smith, John Batram, Edward Gibb, Amtrass Vernon, Thomas Vernon, Konert Vernon, Boon, Wm. Wood, Calcoonhook Hausurin, Th03. Menshall, Joseph Powell, John Sharp- Morteu Morten, John Cornelos, Richard iless, Peter Dick, John Edg, Rebecca Cand- Tucker. 1 well. Ridley. John Simcock, Charles Ashcom, Upper Providence, Wm. Taylor, Peter John Hemickson, Henrick Torten, Morten Taylor, Alton Robniet, Randall Maylen, Jno. Morten, John Cornelos, John Holwell, John Houlson, Geo. Woodard, —- Calvert, Steedman, Charles Wheetecir. ;-- Holinswortli, Robert Robinson, Dabby Township. Wm. Wood, Adam Thomas Powell, Rand Oroxen. Roads, Wm. Sharlow, Mathew Graton, Jno. Middle Township, now Middleton. John Blunston, Charles Lee, Samuel Sellers, Gib-' Maiteb, John Martin, Rich’d. Crausby, Thos. bons Hobs, Wm. Smith, John Bluustan, Taylor, Wm. Johuson, John Nowell, Eanch- Thos. Worth, Samuel Bradshaw, Thomas let Loyd. Wm. Barnet, Rich’d. Graves, Allin Bradshaw, . Peter Ellet, Rich’d. Bonsel, Robiut, Jos. Crooxen, Rob’t. Bunougb,- George Wood.Wm. Garrot, Michel Blunston, Alleton, Oswin Musgrave, Wm. Edwards, Joshua Fern, John Kerk, Mathew Graton George Smedly, Tnos. Menshall, Nat. Ash- from Derbyshire & Nottinghamshire, Eng¬ com, Edward Blake, Henry nClaytoD, John land. At the time of the publication of this : Sharpless, Thos. Grass, Caleb Pusey, map, no laud so high up as the forks of the Boweter, David Ctedon, John Hicks, Jacob Brandywine had been occupied, nor any be¬ Chandler, Francis Harrison, John Pusey. yond that stream. Westown and Willistown were then upon the utmost frontier of the Edgmont. Joseph Baker, Wm. Lewi8, colony. Wm. Smith, Sarah Baker, Charles Whitacar, To my obligiug and intelligent fiiend, Col. Thomas Raulins, Francis Cork. Thos. Richard Thomas of Westwhiteland, 1 am in¬ Ducket, Wm. Bastie, Philip Yarwell, —— debted for much information respecting the Widdow. George Mearis, Henry Maddock, settlement of several townships. To his po¬ James Kennerly, James Swarfer, John Houl¬ liteness I am principally indebted for the son, Win,Wm. Gregory, --- jDuwei»ei,Boweter, uuuuJohn facts which I am about detail. Simcock, John Harding, John Kingsman,; Among the early settlers of Aston, the Car¬ Thomas Wheetby, James Wright, Daniel ters, a family remarkable for mechanical in¬ Smith, Swarfer James. genuity, the Pennels, Sharplesses, Grubs and Willeston. Griffith Jones, Thos. Brassey, Taylors, was ostensible personages. One of Thomas Bowman, Wm. Garott, Samuel the last, viz. Jacob, was of some celebrity, as Lewis, Joseph Barker & Co. Free Society of astronomer, compiler of almanack's and poetaster. His nephew John was a naan of Above this lay the Welsh tract, iucluding business, Sheriff, County Surveyor, Doctor ilauds of James Stanfield, John Hort, An¬ aud Iron master. Iu Concord one of the thony Sturdges, Jas. Claypool, Wm. Wood, head settlers was Nathaniel Newlin, affluent, Wm. Sharlow. knowing, respectable and many years in suc- Radnor is represented as a township of ession representative in the provincial assem¬ forty settlement, and Haverford of twenty- bly. In Birmingham the Brinton family two. Sir Mathias Vincent, Andrew Vrowsen, were among the most considerable, Edward, jBeuj. Furloy.* Dr. Daniel Coxe owned the 'tract which has since become Vincent town¬ * Benjamin Furloy was intimate withWm. ship. Jno. Bye & Richard Webb’s land bor¬ Penn and had travelled much with him in dered on the south side of this tract, Samuel Germany. He was a gentleman of consider¬ Buckley’s occupation lay near the mouth of able estate fine parts and acquirements aud Viucent River (French Creek,) and Wm. of such influence among the Germans as to Lowtheis manor! of Billton opposite Per- induce numbers of them to settle in Pennsyl¬ qniinink creek. Below this was situated vania. Wm. Penn was much pleased that a Ltetitia Penn’s manor, lying partly in Ches¬ naan of his wealth, family and character ter, and partly in Philadelphia county, The should have settled in his new Province. tracts of Rowland Ellis and Co. and John Ecklan & Co. were in Radnor. + The right of holding a court-baron is in¬ i In Newtowne the occupants were Andrew cident to the proprietor of every manor, aud Robinson, Wm. Wood, Joseph Humfery.Wm. it might at one time have besn exercised Hadsou, Philip England, Mich. Blumston, here as well as in England. 1 have not Luke Hanck, Henry Maddock, James Ken¬ learned, however, that the privilege was ever nerly, Thos. Nerbury, Daniel Soutbery, Wm. used in Pennsylvania.—A court-baron is a Jones, Joseph ClaytoD, George Wood, Kich’d. domestic tribunal for redressing misdemean¬ Bansall, Daniel Hough, Thomas Hood, Jos- ors and nuisances withiu the manor and for settling disputes of property among the tenants, I the principal personage being one of thel ubaeleston was purchased in England byt judges of the court, magistrate &c.' fti West-: a gentleman of the name of Charley Picker-Jj , town the Gibbons family were distinguished iDg. The___ township took his Christian, ' "- as landholders, membeis of Assembly, and and" the creek which passes through it, his mill owners. The Weston School is located sur-name. This is a stream of considerable ■, (on a part of their lands. size, and turns many mills, of which the Moore-hall milt, built by Judge Wm. Moore Goshen, in which West Chester is situated is the most noted. was taken up early. Two large tracks ad- PiKEiiAND was presented by the proprietor ' joining Gay Street, each a mile square, were to Pike, in England, in order to induce that owned by Richard Thomas and Capt. -- gentleman to emigrate to the province. It The eastern part of this township was settled was unseated many years, but at length was ' i by the Ashbxidce family—of which the late leased in small tracts, with the right of pur- George Ash bridge, for twenty years succes¬ ■ chase after twenty years possession, at a sively elected member of the general assem- valuation then to be made. Among the first bly, was a branch—David Jones and others settlers were Samuel Lightfoot, Thomas Mil of whom I have received no account. house and Michael Lightfoot. This last West whxtel and was principally located . tenanted the place, now held by Pennypacker, by Richard Thomas, in right of original pur¬ and lived a number of years m a cave, some chase made in Wales by Richard Ap Thomas traces of which were visible not long since. of Whitford garden in Flintshire North . Samuel Lightfoot built the first mill in that Wales, from which it is presumed that the. neighbourhood. The operation of bolting name of Whiteland is derived. The house, was then performed by hand. The Yellow which this settler built upon his allotment Springs, situate in this township, have been was placed near the Valley creek and long celebrated for the mineral properties of .in the immediate vicinity of a number of In¬ their waters, and they are now becoming dian huts; and the reason assigned for such, yearly, more and more a place of fashionable a situation is, that the do'g» of the village resort. . . would assist in keeping the wild beasts then Vincent township, as I mentioned m my uuraefOTis, at a distance. The olace waa last, was purchased in England by Sir Ma¬ called in the Indian language Katamoon- thias Vincent, Benjamin Furloy, and Dr. clrinek which signifies Hasle-nut-grove. Daniel Coxe. It was leased and settled much

Caln township on the east, and in the val- T» in the same manner asPikeland, and derives 'ley, was occupied by Baldwin’s, Moore’s— its names from oue of the first purchasers. Downingtown now stands upoh land former- This fine stream that passes through this ly theirs—Parks, Mendenhalls, Pirns, Coatses, township was once called Vincent river, and Millers and others. Of these the Pim family retained that proud title for some years. Was quite remarkable; ns the head was a ■ £ KaLton, Jenkin, Davis, Thomas, John and justice of the pease, and one of the judges Machiel Paul, Gordon, Brombae, and Dennis of the court. Whelan, the respectable ancestor of our late fellow citizen, Col. Dennis Whelen, were Uwohlan, lying north of Westwhitelmd, among the first settlers. Garrett Brombae was settled principally by Welch-men under established the first tavern north of the Lan¬ the auspices of David Lloyd of Old Chester, caster road in a little low house of rude con¬ and a Friend’s meeting house was established struction, where he continued to perform the there. It is said that the congregation was duties of host many years. He was a merry so much Welch that the preaching and ex¬ German, and lived to see himself rich. Af¬ hortation were delivered in that language. ter the land became valuable, and considera¬ The first preachers here were Samuel and Griffith John—brothers—neither of whom ble improvements had been made, several could ever speak English free from a strong claimants appeared and there was a long liti¬ tincture of their native dialect. The settlers gation respecting the fee-simple title, before besides these preachers were Moms Reese, it was finally adjusted. Cad walader Jehu or Joues, David Cadwala- Coventry was taken up and settled as otberj der, David Evans, Humphrey Lloyd, David general lrnds. A principal settler of the| Lloyd, a family of Philipses and other Welch¬ name of Nutt, early built a forge called Gov men. The name of this township is Welch, entry within the limits of this township and and signifies higher than or above the Valley made other extensive improvements. This To one entirely unacquainted with the in¬ forge went into operation about tneyear 1720 habitants of the county, this collection of and made the first iron manufactured m names would prove wholly destitute of in¬ Pennsylvania. There was also a furnace called^ terest. But to you, who have mingled con¬ Reading in this township, belonging to a siderably with your fellow citizens, and who company of which Branson, Vanleer, and possess some knowledge of their families, it others were members. It was very product¬ cannot 1 conceive, prove altogether unamus¬ ive for some time, but ore running out, it| ing. In my next I will continue iny account was dismantled and vacated many years of the settlement of the townships, as far as since. Meredith was one ot the original set' my information upon that subject extends tiers of this township. fours, A,a. Newlin township was bought of the pro¬ Y prietor by Nathaniel Newlin, who called itl ItETTER IN. by his own name. He was an Irishman of Arberibus seissis telluren scindit orator.’ good family, and settled in Concord. Newgaeben. This township was first set CONTENTS. tied by John Lowdon, John Miller, Michael Settlement of the 'Township?. Lightfoot, James Starr, Thomas Garnet and Mv Deab Bbqtb.ee, a .few others in the year 1712. The first of these, John Lowdon, was an eminent In this letter 1 propose to continue my im¬ preacher of tbs society of friends, travelled perfect account of the settlement of the much in the service of the ministry, and townships, and to give the names of the died in 1714 universally beloved and regret-’ principal settlers as far as they have come to ted. John Miller occupied the land now my knowledge. Hereafter I hope to be able held by Mr. Ellicott of Baltimore. Upon the to communicate more ample information creek (White Clay) which passes through his upon these subjects. farm this settler built a grist mill, long known Tkedxffkin township, was also taken up by the name of the Old Mill, which did the principally by the Welch. It owes its_ name grinding for the inhabitants many miles to its situation and character: Tre signify¬ round; even for those, as far distant as the ing in the language of its settlers, stony, and mdyffren, valley._ • ■ ■ ■ ■ >

city of Lancaster. This was the second es¬ ..—-nolextencHoait thl^towh- tablishment of the kind within the limits of ships in the county. Had all my enquiries 1

the county—Flower’s, formerly Townsend’s, upon tms subjectiV T been UUOHWIV/Uanswered withnlvU the?l/UU ns I have mentioned before, being the first. same promptitude as those directed to a few When Lowdon and his friends first located individuals, whom it would give me much themselves here, the face of the country was -5 pleasure to name, I should have presented covered with forest, in which for want of SI you with an account very different from this sufficient pasture lauds* the settlers were £ martial and imperfect statement. However I obliged to allow their cattle to bronze their j? |nor.e to be able in some future letter to give living. It is said that Miller’s wife having M tou further information upon this subject i gone out one evening in pursuit of her cows. S' A considerable part of the land in the lost herself in the woods, and wandered * townships of Newlondon, London-britain 1 about many hours without knowing wbat r'l Nast-nottingham, Penn and Londongrove (direction to take, or where to find accommo-i was included in the grant made to the London " datious for the night. She at length arrived Company in the early days of the province at her own house and saw her family without The wnole amount of land taken up t>y tbii>- knowing them. Telling them that she was company in Pennsylvania was 65,000 acres,f lost, she begged for shelter and lodging and 17,200 of which was ia Chester county, the it was long before she could be convinced lest m Lancaster, Delaware & Bucks. The1 that she was where she had the best possible tract with in the limits of Chester was rented right to good accommodation and kind treat- to different persons generally at the rate of ment—-so completely was her brain bewil¬ forty shillings per hundred acres, with the' dered. The first settlers in this township as (exception of a few thousand acres sold from in a number of others enclosed and divided 1718 to 1720 by the company itself to differ¬ their farms by ditches, some traces of which ent purchasers. The rest remained in pos¬ are yet visible. This was done to preserve session of the company until about the year. their crops from the ravages of the fire, to which they were exposed every autumn* *The game was formerly so plenty that the when the Indians were accustomed to bum temptation to hunt was scarcely to be re¬ the woods in order to facilitate hunting. The sisted. Many of our ancestors, of course, 1 township bears the name of that from which became addicted to the sports of the field” Lowdon emigrated in Ireland, and emigrants and the woods, and some of them were not a i [from it both to North Carolina and Ohio, little celebrated for their feats of hunting! have distinguished their respective settle-H hardihood. Mr. Watson speaks of an old I Iments by the same name. hunter that lived in Germantown, who was', IiONDONOBov-E. The first settlements in somewhat renowned in his day, and I will1 this township were made in the year 1714, by transcribe the passage, though in no manner Francis Swain, John Smith, JosephPennock, ;connected with C. C. “Anthony Klineken' Wm. Pusey and tome others, Richard was a great hunter (quite another Nimrod) i; Flower, Jeremiah Starr, William Bownard - and spent a long life in such exercises, Hisi* and James Ranfro located themselves m daughter told her son that he used to have a! 1720, Ranfio was a great lover of the hunt ' garret of the house filled in winter with wild' and took particular delight in chasing wild , game and had it marked with the days when turkeys on horseback: An amusement to . killed so as to eat it in due succession as an which many of the first settlers were very ’ epicure. He eveu purchased a german yager, partial. His fondness for this kind of hunt¬ celebrated for shooting, to aid him m his' ing was so excessive that he spent much of J field sports and he had iron peckers to the his time at it and often in consequence neg- 1 hands and feet to aid in climbing lofty trees jlected to make proper provision for his J. for crow scalps which bore a premium.'’ family.* Isaac Jackson arrived from Ire¬ resembled what he had a foresight of, that it land in 1725 and took up the last tract that was cause of gratitude and humble thank¬ remained unoccupied in the township. In fulness.” Here he settled and his posterity ian old manuscript which I have before me, held the tract to this day. The spring spoken • giving some account of the emigration and of is now the center of one of the finest gar-3 lettlement of this last named individual and dens in the state. amily, an anecdote is related which I will I l?62.\At this time the heirs of thoseTwhol,' aanseribe in the antique language of the originaKy constituted the company, had be- j nocument. “While they (I. Jaeksdn and his,- come a good deal scattered, and many were ife) were under exercise and concern of entirely unknown. An act of parliament jinind, about so weighty an undertaking, and was therefore procured authorising the sale i esirous that best wisdom should direct;Isaac of the land, and Dr. Fothergill, Daniel . ad a dream or vision to this import. That Zachary, Thomas How, Deboreux Bowly, I aving landed with his family in America! he Luke Hinde, Richard Howe, Jacob Hagen, ravelled a considerable distance back into ■ Syivanus Grove and Win. Heron were the the country until he came to a valley through , agents appointed to superintend the business.vfl .which ran a pretty stream of wafer. The Their attornies in this country were Samuel' ( prospect and situation of the place seemed (Shoemaker, Jacob Cooper and Joshua How® pleasant, a hill rising on the north, and a flue el!. In the year 1763 sales were accordingly® Spring issuing near its foot; and in his dream effected to the great dissatisfaction of the oe-jj ie thought that there he and his family must copiers of the land who had generally madql ettle, though then a wilderness and unim- j considerable improvements, cleared away? iroved. Isaac having arrived at Jeremiah (the wood and erected comfortable farm hou-fjl >tarrs, on relating his dream as aforesaid ses and out-buildings, many of them notla vas informed of such a place near. He soon being altogether aware of their titles, but 5 went to see it, which to his admiration so supposing that they were possessed already of11 Nottingham. A settlement was made m |a fee simple estate in the soil. The prices 1 this township very early by Wm. Brown however at which they were held were not « from Northamptonshire, England; a man i unreasonable, and each settler, I believe, long noted for his benevolence and hospital¬ i without a single exception, purchased the j ity. Reynolds, Underhill and some other tract upon which he was seated. Friends from England became afterwards his The early settlers of Chester County were j neighbours. Some took up their land under ’ from different parts of Europe—-England, j Penn, and some under Baltimore, as the line ■ .■ Wales, Ireland, Holland and Germany. Of i of division between the two provinces was -r these the English as they arrived first seated ! then undetermined. the southern parts adjoining the Delaware, I I regret that my information respecting the and a few took up lands bordering upon the--’ PlarylandlinaTheywereptincipallyfromH It* —a The period of eighty years that elapsed be- , tween the settlement of the county and the n ar j of the revolution, is most unfruitful of inci j . i .ssr.iu.dent. Daring au iuiu ^ bles tat determined their emigration, amlt ■were left to pursue their P0ae®*a*h°eccoX-' i tions, uninjured and unmoved by the corn the happy consequence, resulting to the tustf motions that shook the rest of the woi ia,l adventurers from their change ot situation, Thev nlied the arts of commerce, they | induced manv to follow them, boon after! brought new lands into established! £S arrival here, they generally joined the ouiture, society of Friends, and established meetings. schools, meeting houses, and ’ rao^l advanced with uniform prosperity, iaP > Win. Penn once paid them a visit, but as| ? th’ev neither understood bis language, nor he ■ felly towards a state of superior opulence and heir- they could only enjoy the satisfaction ■ refinement. Their gains were not exhausted by expensive military preparations, but| of ^eing bim. It is said however that they | were highly gratified by this mark of his at- . ■ turned immediately to the purposes of repio- Xntion and good-will, and took even then i duction. While such was the case we will lfttle children with them to the, meeting not regret that our relation is so barren of, preat events—we will indeed rather glory in which he attended, that they also might have ' Sthen we consider it as the evidence of a «ioht of the great proprietor. Itowian Ellis was one of their most conspicuous chai- tranauility end happiness, and piefei it be , fore^a recital of splendid achievements, at-, tended with national misery and exhaustion. aCThe Irish emigrants located the north and The contests indeed of ’36 and 5o occurred astern sections of the country, inosewno vArrived in the first instance, were generally . within the periodJI have mentioned; but these , men of some standing and character, whose 1 little affected the settlers here. I hey were J ““ was welcomed as an accession of ■ I principally Friends, of consequence took no tne and intelligence to the little community-1 active part in military concerns and were not, They were almost nil protestants and many | molested by them, since the scene of opera-, |S them Friends. The Dutch aud Germans | fens was laid at a distance from tne county. , I who*«e'noTthe principal land holdemiu But though our ancestors happily escaped ■ for so long a time the reality of war, their \ deselndMts oft^^Miginal^ettlei'S of those apprehensions were in some instances excitedl by flying rumours, and the repose of then, nart« Within the memory of many living, . : fhey formed the smallest portion of the pop- province momentarily disturbed. Iu th I ■ ulation in those very districts, where they year 1638, while the colony was yeti in its I I nr a now the most numerous, i hen unarm | very infancy a report raised and circulated by the mischief, credulity, or malice of a few individuals, created no little consturua fen. “This’1 says Proud was communi¬ cated by two Indian women of ilest Jersey, to an old Dutch inhabitant near Chester, to ' be on the next fourth day of the week, bey l bfc^xSppf f?o !! 1 erfti Friends upon hearing this report bein„t Inniahed to them the possession ot the tana. conscious of their just conduct towards the ;q Fm « number of fears the improvements Indians, and sensible of nothing that could in that quarter seem to have kept much m reasonably disgust them, endeavoured to ap¬ I the rear of those that were gpmg for warf m pease the people’s fears. The said fourth! day being come, about ten o clock in thel l**. night, a messenger arrived at Chester out of the woods, and told the people that three fe*wsirs,fe »;S families about nine miles distant, which hel named, were all cut off by the Indian*. This report coming to a Friend then at Chester 1 Uim sTor a family consisted of two rooms be. * about midnight he took with him two young men on horse-back to the plaoe m order to ' examine into the truth or the affair. Ihoy : found the three houses, but nobodym Uern,, T°rted the only “owSf'the^partment that and yet no signs of murder. Their inhabi¬ tants alarmed in a similar manner had fled to the houses of their parents, at Hidley ' if"1 • . creek about a mile from thence, ihe mas¬ V# ter of one of these families being from home, ^mgs were used for hauling^ blacte and « had been informed that 500 Indians were- actually collected at Naamans creek, in pur-1 i to suance of their design to kdl the English , and as he was hastening to his house, he iissssiila thought he heard his boy crying out and saj-| iug what shall I do my dame is killed! upon which instead of going home to know the certainty of the affair, he ran off to acquaint 1 %m=im the government at Philadelphia : but bel“sj met by a person of more prudence than him-, self, before he got to the city he was persuad-l ed by him to return. . . , ( “The report notwithstanding soon arrived L at the city, and was told with such alarming! WSSSSSB circumstances, that a messenger was immed-i . lately dispatched to Marcus Hook, near the "—Years. &o» said Naamans creek to inquire the truth of .it. j LETTEK X. He ouickly returned and confirmed tlie r CONTENTS, port but with this variation, that it was at I Brandywine creek at an Indian town, where! A false alarm—Murder of an Indian- -new the 500 Indians were assembled, and that they having a lame king, had carried bun arxivals—character of the Settlers. away with nil their women, and children.i less circumstances rendered the'affair sti an industry and perseverance not inferior a; | more alarming and with many amounted to least- to that of their descendants. To luxu¬ I a certainty. ries * indeed of every kind they_ were entiro “The council were at that time sitting at strangers and their habitual articles of food jPhiladelphia oa other affairs, when one of and clothing were wholly derived from the them a Friend, supposed to be Caleb Pusey, products of their farms. Tea and coffee who lived in Chester county, voluntarily off- were rarely used. Milk or broth answered lered himself to go to the place, provided they for a breakfast, and to tkei' other meals they awouldname five others to accompany him, were equally observant of temperance and ] without weapons ; which being soon agreed , economy. Their furniture was as plain as ton, they rode to the place ; but instead of their diet, and accommodated merely to the finding five hundred warriors they found the wants of the possessor, with little regard to old king lying with his lame foot along on unnecessary ornament. Not estranged by I the ground, and his head at ease on a kind of the formality which so generally belongs to ■pillow, the women at work in the field and an advanced state of refinement, they were the children playing together.” This discov¬ social, kind, and hospitable. Not corrupted ery by exhibiting the groundlessness of the by the influence of vicious example, they report soon quieted the apprehensions of the were honest, upright, and consciencious. No Icolonists and calmed the general tumult that people on earth understood better the nature reigned during the moments of fear and sus¬ of their rights or were more sedulous to pre- pense. In the year 1722 an affair occurred near serve (hem. They scarcely acknowledge a |Conestogo, th9n within the limits of the distinction but that which arises from virtue county, which would probably have tended and talents, these they almost equally regard¬ I to unpleasant consequences, by producing a ed whether found among the high or the rupture with the natives but for the timely humble. attention of government. I allude to the Owing to (he hardships and difficulties un¬ • murder of an Indian. This deed was sup- der which the first settlers laboured, and the | posed to have been perpetiated by two pr¬ extent of the tracts they generally occupied, isons of the name of Uartledge, who upon their immediate offspring possessed none of those opportunities of instruction that are | strong suspicions of guilt were apprehendedLlUbll and committed. The governor dreading■ the now so liberally afforded. When engaged in subduing the wilderness, and procuring com¬ effects of Indian resentment immediatelyfitly jcommissioned two of his council, James Lo- fortable houses for themselves and their jgan and John French, to repair to Conestogotogo • families, it were more than could be reason¬ land enquire into the affair. After theirr re- ably expected, that this care which requires 1 turn the report was laid before the assembly ■ ease, time and some degree of competency then in session cud the house complimented' could be discharged so fully and satisfactory the governor and the council on account of as at present. Besides however anxious they their prudent management “on an occasion might have been in this respect, neighbor¬ of the greatest importance to the peace and hood, and density of population, which are safety of government.” They earnestly re-,; essential to the support of valuable schools I quested the governor to persist in endeavour¬ and academies must necessarily have beeu ing to bring the aggressors to punishment wanting in the infancy of (he province. The with all possible speed, lest the affections of j people were nevertheless remarkable for their the Indians might be alienated from the general intelligence and if not highly nolish- whites, and their allegiance to the crown of i d and extensively learned, they can by no S Great Britain withdrawn. means deserve the imputation of ignorance ; Great pains were taken in this affair. An and it may be said to their honour that there (Indian messenger was dispatched to the Five arose amongst (hem characters that will long i Nations, the governor and two of his council be the boast and pride of the republic. The [repaired to Albany to treat with them, pres¬ names of West and Wayne will live with pos¬ ents were made to the Indians, and no means terity, and future ages will remember their I untried to sooth the uneasiness and irrita- birth-place. Btion, which so unhappy an event was calcu¬ If the inhabitants of Chester county pre¬ lated to excite in the breast of the savage. vious to the revolution were such as I have This treatment had the desired effect. The said, it is not without reason that the eloquent [Indians were satisfied, and the five nations Du Ponceau, after describing them in con¬ i even desired that the Uartlidges should not nexion with the settlers of the province gen¬ suffer death. Their request was complied erally, should employ this animated strain. with, and justice tfius lost the victims due to £ “Happy country, whose unparalleled inno¬ (her. cence already communicates to thy history The liberal principles upon which the pro- the interest of romance. Should Pennsyl¬ iprietary government of Pennsylvania was iu- vanians hereafter degenerate, they will not Istituted and conducted, favoured by the dis¬ need like the Greeks, a fabulous Arcadia to interested and magnanimous spirit of its relieve the mind from the prospect of their [founder, enabled the people to enjoy much crimes and follies, and to redeem their own [greater liberty than had been known to them vices by the fancied virtues of their fore¬ fathers. Pennsylvania onc9 realised what I in Europe. This together with the flourish- ling state of the colony allured many to the never existed before except in fable history. Not that her citizens were entirely free from, [country, whose manners & principles were the passions of human nature, for they were | widely different, & upon whom the motives men and not angels ; but it is certain that no ] that prevail’d with the first settlers would not [have operated. The arrival of these in some country on earth even exhibited such a scene of happiness, innocence and peace as ] manner changed the general character of the was witnessed here during the first century [colonists, & lessened the weight and influence [of that peaceable sect, of which Penn himself of our own social existence.” (was a most active member and zealous sup- Yours, Ac. Ipoiter. The simplicity however which dis- itinguished manners of the Friends, still char- ■•o H- lacterized the whole province, and this coun¬ *Many things that were formerly consid¬ ity in particular, previous to the war of the ered luxuries and used only by the rich, are revolution, and was not altogether lost dul¬ now regarded as indispensables in every fam- ling the struggles of that stormy period. The ily. In a M 8. which I have often quoted I (people were then more remarkable than at find the following. “A lady about 50 years |the present for their frugality, and possessed ago in Philadelnhia had a present from Eug- I land of a Scotch carpet! It was only twelve

■ j! feet square-^ut it was a wonder^SoTateTy ter of, Charles second tofBe proprietary, tin ■ is it since we have began to know the com- foits of that useful article. Dr. Chancellor 189th or as is expressed in the instrument it-, seif the beginning of the 40th degree of north [and Kev. Mr. Dushee first used umbrellas. | latitude was to form the southern boundary I Parasols are a still later refinement. A distinguished individual now eighty years ' of the province. The object of Wm. Penn in of age, resident of the northern, part of the (having his boundary fired so far south ap county, informs that when a boy he used to pears to have been to include so much of the head of the Ghesapeak within his territory as [see in public assemblies, men in their tow would furnish him by the waters of that bay 1 trowsers and leather aprons, and women m a ready communication with the ocean. Had [short gowns and apron, barefooted. The I women had no saddles but rode on pads furn¬ the design of this grant been fulfilled, the possessions of Lord Baltimore would have ished with a stirrup and girt by a sirsingle, Boots then were a rarity and seen only on been much circumscribed, and the province ‘high days and holidays, of Maryland reduced within very narrow ‘The first carriage of the coach kind the l limits. He therefore strongly objected against ; Philadelphians ever saw or heard of, beiong- having the line established as the charter • |proposed, and exhibited his patent in opposi- jed to judge Allen, who had his country seat j[at the present Mount Airy Coliege. It was Btion to the claims of Penn. Soon after the arrival of the latter in his province he visited l I of the Phaeton or Landau kind, having a seat ■ the lord Baltimore, for the purpose of ad¬ [in front for children, and was drawn by four justing the affair; but after a conference of |] black horses. He was of course a very opu- i two days the parties separated without com¬ [ lent man and a grandee in his generation. ing to any conclusion. The failure of this M. S. History of Germantown. attempt at an amicable determination of the boundary did not deter Wm. Penn from “They used no waggons then in going to using ffequent endeavours to effectuate the market but the women usually tvent, and; same object.* But his success in this re¬ rode ft horse with two panniers slung on each: spect was not commensurate with his side of him. People, especially man and exertions. Instead of endeavouring to wife, rode to churches and visits, two os one come to a friendly accommodation with his horse. The woman sat on a pillon behind neighbour Lord Baltimore sent an account the man. Chairs, or chases were then urn of the conference to the committee of plan¬ known to them.”—Ib, tations, with representatives much to the dis¬ LETTER XI. advantage of Wm, Penn, and entered upon some violent proceedings altogether unworthy CONTENTS. the char .cter of a man of honour. He first j issued a proclamation inviting persons to! Eastern boundary of Chester county deter •'settle within his province and offering as an mined—Dispute between Penn and Baits inducement his lands at a much lower price than the settlers of Pennsylvania were more respecting the Pennsylvania, and obliged to pay. He then commissioned his I Maryland line—settled 1762-Erection of relation Goi. George Talbot to repair to the! Lancaster county by act of Assembly. tichujlkiil and make demand of all that: tract of land tying west of that river and Mi Deak Bbotheb, 1 south of the 40th degree of north latitude. [. Let us now turn our attention to the mete This was done in writing, and Penn an-1 and bounds of the county. The dispute swered by a letter which fully exposes the which so long existed with respect to one of irregularity of Baltimore’s and his agent’s the lines renders it a subject worthy of par¬ proceedings and the injustice of their claim. \ ticular notice. Chester county, aa I before Not satisfied with this letter, Baltimore | ! observed is one of the oldest counties in the ordered forcible entry to be made within the. [state, having been erected about the same territories or three lower counties of Dela-|_ [ time with those of Philadelphia & Backs ware. This outrage having been committed] [ soon after Wm. Penn’s first landing in Ame- Wm, Welsh was dispatched to reinstate those E Iriea. At first it was of indefinite extent, but who had been dispossessed of their free¬ I became at different times more circum¬ holds, and in case gentle means should fail,! scribed by the erection of the counties of he was directed to prosecute the invaders] Lancaster & Berks. The boundary line be¬ legally. Welsh accomplished the objects of tween Chester and Philadelphia counties was his mission without resistance; but Talbott confirmed according to the proprietor’s in¬ about a month afterwards went to the houses| dentions, at a council held in Philadelphia, of several of the planters attended by three! April 1st, 1865. The line was to begin at the musclueteers, and made proclamation that if ‘ 1 ‘‘entrance of Bough creek upon Delaware they would not yield obedience to Lord Bal¬ ,, river, being the upper end of Tinieum island, timore, own him as their proprietor and pay j and so up that creek dividing the said island^ him their rent, he would turn them out of j from the iand of Andrew Boon and company their houses and deprive them of their lands. [from thence along the several courses of the This new outrage only called forth from said creek to a south-west line; which line Penn a new publication of his title to the] divides the liberty lands of .Philadelphia tract in question, and such a statement as from several tracts of land belonging to the the case seemed to require. Welch and other inhabitants, and from In the year 1685 the dispute between Wm, thence east-north-east by a hue of marked Penn and his vexatious neighbour respecting [ trees, 120 perches more or less; from thence the three lower counties, was temporarily set¬ north-north-west by Haverford township. tled by the interposition of King James II, | 1000 perches more or less; from ihenee east- but not, ns it would seem by his conduct, tot north-east by the land belonging to John . the full satisfaction of Baltimore. For by; Humphrey 110 perches more or less; from various pretences the execution of the ar¬ thence north-north-west by the land of John rangement then made was delayed a con-; Eckley, 880 perches more or less, from thence siderable time, and Queen Anne was twice! continuing said course to the bounds of petitioned for a further hearing. This was! ,. Scnlkil river which said SoulkU liver after- at length obtained, and the result was, the] ward to be the natural bounds.” complete confirmation of the former decision, The line of division between Pennsylvania so that Baltimore was at length obliged to and Maryland, bring also the boundary of permit the boundaries of that tract which at the county of Chester on the south, was not present constitutes the state of Delaware to so easily determined. According to the char¬ be determined and established. The fine separating tfie counties of Newcastle' ana LETTER XII. Chester was to be swept by a radius of twelve nailes, the town of Newcastle being the center CONTENTS. of the circle of which the arch is a part. Still the boundary between Pennsylvania & Mary¬ iNames of the members of Assembly from} land remained unsettled. However on the 10th of May in the year Chester County—Names of Sheriffs. 173a, articles of agreement were indented and |Mv Deae Brothee, concluded upon between Lord Baltimore, As youVrmi haveVinrrn paiticularly> +1 requested that I ana John, Thomas, and Richard Penn the would furnish you with a list of the names then proprietaries of Pennsylvania, and com¬ Of the Chester county members of the pro¬ missions immediately issued by both parties, vincial assembly previous to the revolution, to gentlemen within their respective pro¬ I have been at some pains to procure them vinces, empowering them to run and mark m order to comply with your request. The out the boundary lines according to these first assembly was composed of as many nrtlcl s. Notwithstanding this agreement freemen as chose to attend and we have no the performance was long delayed by the record of their names. To the second as¬ altercations and disputes in which the narties sembly held the winter of 1682-3 there were were continually involved by the conten¬ returned for Chester John Haskins, Rob’r. tious spirit of Baltimore. In consequence of Wade, George Wood, John Blunstou, Dennis these delays many of the inhabitants who Rochford, Thomas Bracy, John Bezer, John justly considered themselves fairly within Harding, Jos. Phippes. the limits of Pennsylvania, were exposed to 1663. The same members re-elected. unreasonable exactions on account of the 1684. Joshua Hastings, Robert Wade, Maryland claims, and suffered much ill John Blunston, Gao. Maris, Thomas Usher, treatment from Baltimore’s government. Henry Maddock. But at length after a tedious suit in chancery 1685. John Blunston, Gmrge Maris, John which was fifteen years pending and which Harding, Thomas Usher, Francis Stanfield, was finally determined against the proprie¬ Joshua Feme. tary of Maryland it was decreed, that the 1686. Robert Wade, John Blunston. above mentioned articles of agreement should George Maris, Bartholomew Coppock, be carried into execution. This was done m Samuel Levis, Caleb Pusey. the year 1762. Two very able and ingenious 1687. John Blunston, George Maris, Bar¬ mathematicians Charles Mason and Jeiemiah tholomew Coppock, Caleb Pusey, Edward Dixon were employed to run the line so long Bezar, Randall Vernon. the subject of angry contention. The busi¬ 16S8. John Blunston, Ja’s. Sanderlin, ness was accordingly performed agreeably to Georgs Maris, Robert Pyle, Edward Carter, directions, and stone pillars erected to ex- Thomas Coborn. lubit clearly and fix with certainty the long disputed boundary. ® 1689. James Sandeland, Samuel Levis, John Bartram, Robert Pile, Micaael Rrun- Lancaster county which until then had ston, Jonathan Hayes. j formed a part of Chester county was estate- 1690. John Bresiow, Wm. Jenkin, Robert Pile, Joshua Feme, Geo. Maris, Caleb Pusey. , *The first thing Wm. Penn did at the con- 1691. Records of the proceedings of the Iference which I have mentioned, was to pro- !assembly wanting. jduce the king’s letter. This consisted of two I 1692. Philip Roman, George Maris, Bar-i ialtimore had but two \ tholomew Coppock, Robert Piles, Caleb'!: hat beginning at Wat-; Pusey, Xkos. Wethers. ““ “ Simula admeasure the said de¬ 1693. John Simcock, George Maris, David'"’ grees at 60 miles to a degree. Vide Wm Lloyd. Pcnu s letter to the Lords of Plantations A"** Jished by act of Assembly passed Mar inni 1694. David Lloyd, speaker, Caleb Pusey, Samuel Levis. l1Ud 0ctoraro creek .rom the Mary¬ land line to its source, was made the bound 1695. John Blunston, Bartholomew Cop¬ lary between the two counties. A line “uu' poock, Wm. Jenkins, Robert Piles, Walter ning from the north branch of this stream Fo'orrest, Philip Roman. northwesterly to the river Schuylkill separa¬ 1696. John Simcoek, Speaker, John Blun-ffl ted the counties on the north and west and ston, Caleb Pusey. determined the limits of Chester in 1697. John Blunston, speaker, Bartholo¬ »rsT <*tent 0fthe‘countybefore mew Coppock, Thomas Worth, Jonathan Hayes. thus settled and estab¬ lished, and the boundaries which were then 1698. Caleb Pusey, Samuel Levis, Na¬ given it were retained until by the erecS thaniel Newlin, Rob’t. Carter. of Delaware >t was further circumscribed “ 1699. John Brunston, speaker, Robert Piles, John Worrilow, Rob’t. Carter. P q Yours' &c‘ 1lhe enquiry has been frequently 17C0. John Blunston, speaker. Robert Piles, Richard Ormes, John Hood', Samuel naUv T1,«ClCamVl16 name of Ohestl^igl be derivation is somewhat curious Levis, Henry Lewis. ndrhould have been noticed before The 1701. Joseph Baker, Sam’l. Levis, Na¬ following extract from Bees’ Cyclopedia thaniel Newlin, Nicholas Pile. fnVpS a,sat'sfact°ry account of it. “Chester ■ 1762. John Biunston, Rob’t. Pile, Na¬ thaniel Newlin, Andrew Job. fromn|as“dmaa f°rmerly Cestria °r Geaster irom castium a camp or military station 1703. David Lloyd, speaker, (rest want- which it seems to have been made previous’ ing.) lnr^SnC%las espeditiou to Scotland. That 1704. Nicholas Pyle, John Bennet, Nicho¬ commander made it the head quarters of the las Fairlamb, Jos. Coebourn, John Hood, |twentieih Homan legion; whence the Britons Richard Hayes, Joseph Wood, Isaac Taylor! gaya 11 tbe name of Caer Lleon vaur or the 1705. Nicholas Pile, John Bennet, John camp of the great legion on the Dee.” Thus Hood, Joseph Wood, Isaac Taylor. it appears that a corruption of a millitarv 1706. Samuel Levis, Richard Hayes, inTs«ttiUSied -° ?es!roate a district named Francis Chadds, Joseph Baker, Evan Lewis’ and settled principally, by one of the most Jno. Hood, George Pearce, Wm. Gairetr. ’ unwaihke and pacific people that ever ex- 1707. Francis Chadds, William Smith Sam’l. Levis, Rick'd. Hayes, John Hood’ William Garret, John Bethel. 1708. Daniel Williamson Sam’l. Levis 2i »if Cowpland, Jom^fvaas, Wm. Webb, Thos.nas Pearson, Wm, Bartram Daniell Moore, John Owen, Joseph Pennock. 1735. Jos. Harvey, Wm. Moore, Joseph Nicholas Pile, Joseph Baker, Wra.l ■ I Pennock, Caleb Cowpland, John Evans, Lswis, John Wood, Nathaniel Newhn,1 John Parry, Joseph Brinton, Thomas Cum¬ lEphraim Jackson, Caleb Pusey, Isaac; mings. _ 1736. Joseph Harvey, Thomas Cummings, ^ 1711 Francis Yarnall, John Besor. Caleb John Evans, Caleb Cowpland, Wm. Webb, Pasey, Nicholas^ Pile, Nathaniel^Newlin, ■ :» Wm. Moore, Thomas Chandler, John Parry. Joseph Baker, Nicholas Fairlamb, David; , 1737 Thomas Chandler, John Hervey, Llawelliu. _ ., T, , TT, m John ' Evans, Thomas Cummings, Wm. 1712. Caleb Pasey, David Lloyd, Wm. Moore, James Gibbons, Wm. Hughes, Davis, Nicholas Fairlamb, Jno. Wood,: Richard Hayes. „ George Harlan, Isaac Taylor, John Manes. [ 1738. Wm. Moore, James Gibbons, ihos. 1713. David Lloyd, Wm. Davis, Joseph I Chandler, Jost Harvey. John Owen, Thomas Baker, Nathaniel Newlin, Nicholas Fairlamb, I Tatnall, Wm. Hughes, Jeremiah Star. Richard Hayes, Wm, Brinton, John Brun-1 1739 James Gibbons, Thomas Chandler, Joseph Harvey, William Hughes, Jeremiah St°7i4. David Lloyd, Nathaniel Newlin,I i Starr, William Moore, Samuel Lewis, John Nicholas Pile, Evan Lewis, John Miller,1 Owen. _ , „ Benjamin Mendenhall, Samuel Garrett,; ; 1740. Thomas Chandler, Joseph Harvev, . Richard Maris. „ „ Jas. Gibbons, Wm. Hughes, Samuel Levis, 1715. David Lloyd, Samuel Garratt. Henry John Owen, Jeremiah Starr, Thomas Tatnal. Lewis, Henry Hayes, Win. File, Edward 1741. Joseph Harvey, Thomas Chandler, Beazer, Philip Taylor. David Lewis. &c. the same as the last year. 1716 David Lloyd, John Blunston, Henry 1742. The same members again returned. Hayes! Jos. Pennock, David Harry, John I 1743. Jeremiah Starr, James Gibbons, Maris, John Worrall, Henry Oburn. Thomas Chandler, Jos. Harvey, Samuel 1717. David Lloyd, Nathaniel Newlm,| I Levis, Joseph Pennock, Geo. Ashbridge, Jr., Richard Hayes, iSam’l Garratt, Jrmes Gib¬ Francis Yamal. . . bons, John Wood, George Mans, Henry 1744. George Ashbridge. Francis Yamal, Miller Joseph Pennock, Samuel Levis, James Gib¬ ilia. David Lloyd, R'ch’d. Hayes, Na¬ bons, Joseph Harvey, Thomas Cummings, thaniel Newlin, John Wright, James Gib¬ Thos. Chandler. bons, Henry Lewis, Wm. Lewis, Henry 1745. Joseph Pennock, Thomas Cum Oburn. , mings, Geo. Ashbridge, Fraucis Aainal, 1719. Isaac Taylor, Joseph Pennock, Robert Lewis, Joseph Harvey, Samuel Levis Moses Key, John Bezor, Nathaniel Newlin, SI Thos. Chandler John Maris, James Gibbons, Evan Lewis. 1746. Francis Yamal, Geo. Ashbridge, 1720. Joseph Pennock, Samuel Levis, Jr., Robert Lewis, Thos. Worth, Samuel Levis, Isaac Taylor, Israel Taylor, John Maris,, Peter Dicks.Thomas Chandler, John Owen. Ralph Pile, Daniel Williamson, David Lewis. 1747. Samuel Levis, Francis Yarual Geo. 1721. Samuel Lewis, Jr., Wm. Pile, Ashbridge, Thos. Worth, Peter Dicks, John Daniel Williamson, Isaac Taylor, David Owen, John Davis, Thomas Chandler. Lewis, Henry Oburn, Nathaniel Newlin, 1749. Joseph Gibbons, Geo. Ashbridge, Israel Taylor. . , Henry Hockly, Thos. Chandler, Nathaniel 1722. Samuel Levis, Jr., Joseph Pennock,! Grubb, Nathaniel Pennock, Roger Hunt, David Lewis, Wm. Pile, Daniel Williamson,' Thomas Cummings. Israel Taylor, - Nathaniel Newlin, Isaac, 1750. Members the same as the last year. 175L. Joseph Gibbons, Thomas Cmn- * 1724. Moses Key, Joseph Pennock, WmJ meleys, George Ashbridge, Nathaniel Grubb, Webb, Wm. Pile, Thos. Chandler* Elisha Peter Dicks, Nathaniel Pennock, Henry Gatchell, John Parry, John Crosley. Hockly, aud Thomas Chandler. 1725. Thomas Chandler, David Lloyd, 1752. Joseph Gibbons, Thomas Cum¬ Wm Webb, John Wright, Samuel Holiings mings, Nathaniel Pennock, Peter Dicks. Geo. worth, Wm. Pasey, George Asheton, Wm. Ashbridge, Nathaniel Grubb, William Peters, P&- Jacob Howell. . ,, . . 17 -6 David Lloyd, Speaker, Samuel Nutt, 1753. Thos. Cummings, Nathaniel Pen¬ Sam’l Hollingsworth, John Wright, Richard nock, George Ashbridge. Joseph Gibbons, Hayes, Joseph Pennock, Thomas Chandler, Nathaniel Grubb, Peter Dicks, Wm. Peters, Wm. Pasey. „ , _ ,, Joseph James. 1727 John Parry, Samuel Hollingsworth, 1754. The members for last year re David' Lloyd, Thomas Chandler, John elected. Carter, Daniel Williamson, Simeon Meredith, 1755. Ditto. „ William Webb. , 1756. Jos. Gibbons, Peter Dicks, John 1728. Thomas Chandler, David Lloyd, Morton, Rodger Hunt, George Ashbridge, Samuel Hollingsworth, John Parry, Win. Hugh Trimble, Nathaniel Pennock, Na¬ Webb, Philip Taylor, John Carter, Henry thaniel Grubb. Hsy0S> 1729'. Caleb Cowpland, Richard Hayes,, 1757. Joseph Gibbons, Geo. Ashbridge, Joseph Brinton, Thos. Chandler, Samuel John Morton, Roger Hunt, Isaac Wayne, Gilpin, James James, Joseph Pennock. | Nathaniel Grubb, Hugh Trimble, Joshua 1730, Henry Pierce, John Taylor, Samuel; .A.sii» Levis, John Parry, Thomas Chandler, j 1758. Jos. Gibbons, John Morton, George ■ SamuelGilpin, Win. Webb, Henry Hayes. Ashbridge, Roger Hunt, Hugh Trimble, 1731. Joseph Haivey, John Parry, Samuel Joshua Ash, Nathaniel Grubb, Isaac Wayne. Lewis, Caleb Cowpland, John Taylor, Joseph 1759. John Morton, George Ashbridge, : Brinton, Henry Pierce, Evan Lewis. Joshua Asb, Joseph Gibbons, Hush Trimble, 1733 Caleb Cowpland, Joseph Harvey,1 Roger Hunt, Peter Dicks, Isaac Wayne. Joseph Brinton, Thomas Thomas, Win. 1769. George Ashbridge, John Morton, Webb, Joseph Pennock, John Davis, Wm. Roger Hunt, Joseph A.sh, Joseph Gibbons, H0W0S» Nathaniel Pennock, Isaac Wayne, Win 1733." Caleb Cowpland, Joseph Harvey, Joseph Brinton, John Davis, Tnornas **1761. George Ashbridge, Joseph Gibbons, Thomas, Joseph Pennock, John Owen, Mm. Nathaniel Pennock, Joshua Ash, John Morton, Isaac Wayne, Isaac Pearson, Roger ^*1731. Joseph Harvey, Jos. Brin ton, Caleb Hunt. «r«- won nam rl 176:4. George A'hbrdge, Nathaniel Pen- LETTER XIII. !nock, Joshua Ash, Isaac Pearson, Jno. Morton, Isaac Wayne, Joseph Gibbons, John The pale-faced moon looks bloody on thel Jacobs. earth, 1763. George Ashbridge, Joshua Ash And wan-looked prophets whisper fearful '\j change. Shaken ear. J“a (Isaac Pearson, John Morton, Nathaniel Penl 1

nock, John Jacobs, Isaac Wayne, Charles 1 ' CONTENTS. Humphreys. 1764. George Ashbridge, John Morton, Indignation against the British ministry Nathaniel Pennock, Joshua Ash, Isaac general — Magistrates decline serving — jPearsou, Charles Humphreys, Jno. Jacobs, 'it County committee elected—Two regiments [Jno. Fanlamb. 1765. Members for last year re-elected. raised—Landing of the British army at the 1766. John Morton, George Ashbridge, head of Elk—Washington marches to op¬ Natuaniel Pennock, John Jacobs, Charles pose it—Skirmish near Stenton—Move¬ Humphreys, Isaac Pearson, Josnua Ash, Jno. Menshall. ments of the two armies. 1767. Isaac Pearson, Charles Humphreys John Sellers, G. Ashbridge, John Minshail, My Deae Beothee, Jonas Preston, John Jacobs, John Sellers, The signs of an approaching storm had Nathaniel Pennock. loDg been visible in the political horizon of 1768. John Jacobs, Nathaniel Pennoclr, our country, the gloom had been thickening Geo. Ashoridge, Charles Humphreys, John & depending for years, and now the time Sellers, John Minshail, Isaac Pearson, John was come when the awful burst was momen¬ Crosby. tarily expected. Our citizens hitherto ex¬ 1769. George Ashbridge, Chailss Hum¬ empt from the calamities of war were now to phreys, Isaac Pearson, John Sellers, John [see their fields crossed by hostile armies and Jacobs, John Minshail, John Crosby, John made the theatre of military operations, Morton. while they themselves throwing aside the 1770. Same members. implements of husbandry, and forgetting the 1771. Same members. arts and employments of peace, were to! 1772. Charles Humphreys, Isaac Pearson, mingle in the general strife. John Moiton, John Jacobs, .Tohu Minshail, Great indignation was excited throughout ■ James Hockley, Geo. Ashbridge, Benjamin the colonies in 1774 by the oppressive and Bartholomew. arbitrary measures of the British govern¬ 1773. Isaac Pearson, Benjamin Bartholo-S ment in relation to American affairs, and in mew, John Jacobs, Charles Humphreys, this feeling the inhabitants of our county, John Morton. James Gibbons, John Mm- deeply participated. Though warmly attach¬ shnll, Joseph Pennock. ed to the interests of the crown, and disposed . 1774. Beuj. Bartholomew, John Jacobs, ft: to submit like loyal subjects to any reason¬ Charles Humphreys, John Morton, James able requisition, they could not sea their Gibbons, Joseph Pennock, Isaac Pearson, rights violated, and those liberties guaran¬ Anthony Wayne. teed by tne constitution of the empire in- 1775. John Morton, (Speaker), Benjamin ivaded and trampled upon, without manifest¬ Bartholomew, James Gibbons. Isaac Pear-1 ing their strong disapprobation and a spirit son, Charles Humphreys, John Jacobs,* of vigorous resistance. Joseph Pennock, Joseph Pyle. After the declaration of Independence on the 4th of July, 1776, the magistrates who To these I will add a list of the names of I held their appointments under the royal the Sheriffs of the county from the time of I authority, declined serving longer, the busi¬ its erection down to the same period. ness of the courts was suspended, and our 1681 John Test, came into office about . $ citizens were left for a while without any 1st of September constitutional government. In this state of 1682. Thomas Usher. things a committee in Philadelphia under¬ 1683. Thomas Wither. took the management of affairs, and under 1684. Jeremy Collet. the modest name of recommendations, pres¬ 1685. Thomas Usher. cribed to the people of the state. At their 1637. Joshua Ferae. suggestion a committee consisting of 20 1689. George Foreman. persons, cf which number were Col. Thomas, 1691. Caleb Pnsey. Col. Montgomery, Lieut. Col. Bull* and 1693. Joseph Wood. Major Bartholomew, was elected by the in¬ 1695. Henry Hollingsworth. habitants to take charge of the concerns of 1696. Joseph Wood. this county. The members of this body 1697. Andrew Job. among other acts, in conjunction with the 17C0, John Hoskins. commissioners, contracted for 500 stand of 1708. John Simcoclc. I arms which were paid for by the treasurer of 1709. Johu Hoskins. the couuty;+ and they even commissioned 1715. Henry Worley. the officers of the volunteer corps that was 1718. Nicholas Fuirlamb. soon afterwards raised. They also used 1720. John Taylor. their influence among the farmers to induce ■ 1731. John Owen. them to attend particularly to raising sheep, P ? 1733. John Parry. that they might be less dependent upon 1742. Benjamin Davis. foreign markets for articles of clothiug. 1744. John Oweu. Their autfiority lasted no longer than uutil 1747. Benjamin Davis. a state constitution was formed, which took* 1750. John Oweu. [place little more thau a year after their ap¬ 1752. William Haj. pointment, when the committee haying per¬: 1753. Isaac Pearson. formed its pait with moderation and discre¬ 1756. John Fairlamb. tion as was evidenced by the cheerful and 1759. Benj imin Davis. unresisting eomplieuce of the people with its 1762. Johu Faiilamb. commands, was dissolved. 1765. Philip Ford. The first military force raised in the 1767. John Morton. county was a regiment of volunteers, of [; 1770. Jesse Maris. which Authony Wayne, Esq., was appointed 1773. Henry Hayes. colonel, and Richard Thomas lieut. Col. 1775. Nathaniel Vernon. ■ Wayne afterward joined the regular army __Yours, &c. HHT -■ and the command or tne corps devolved should be risked for the safety of Bhiladel- upon Thomas. This regiment marched to pliin, though with forces inferior to the| New York previous to the battle of Long enemy in number, poorly appointed & in¬ Island but with the exception of the part differently disciplined. which joined the flying camp, was neither- On the 11th at, day break the enemy’s engaged in that, nor in any of the subsequent I army advanced in two columns, the right actions which took place in that vicinity. A commanded by Knyphausen consisting of second regiment was raised and officered four Hessian battalions, 1st and 21 brigades principally by the inhabitants of Chester of British, the Queen’s American Bangers comity, soon after the first had been formed. ! and one squadron of the 16th dragoons, Mr. At lee i of Lancaster was appointed under Maj. Gen. Grant, having with him six colonel, Perry of Chester county lieut Col., medium twelve pounders, four howitzers J. Potls major, and our.well known fellow and the light artillery belonging to the bri¬ citizen, Joseph M’Clellan, was among the gades. This column moved on the road captains. leading to Chadd’s ford & skirmished with Thus it will be seen that Chester county the advanced parties of the American army contributed a full proportion of men for the sent forward to bairass the march of the service and evinced a spirit scarcely to be ex¬ British troops. Maxwell’s corps was goon pected among a people so generally opposed driven beyond the Brandywine with very in principle to the practice of war. But a little loss, and joined the main body of the high enthusiasm at that time prevailed for American army, which was ranged in order the cause of the insulted and t ndangered of battle, waiting the attack of the enemy. liberties of our country, animating all ranks Knyphausen paraded on the heights, reeon- and classes and inciting jtnem to resist by noitered the American army and by various arms the progress of usurpation; so that few movements appeared to be making disposi¬ not absolutely restrained by scrnpl.es of con¬ tions to force a passage of the stream. Every science felt disposed to disregard the call moment the attempt was expected to bs when their aid was demanded. made. A skirt of woods with the creek Early in the contest Chester county became divided them from Maxwell’s corps, small the scene of active operations. The British parties of which occasionally crossed over army eighteen thousand strong having Lard¬ and kept up with them a scattering fire, by ed on the 25th of August, 1177, at the head of which very little execution was done. One Elk, general 'Washington passed through of these parties however led by Captains Philadelphia and advanced beyond the Waggoner and Potterfield engaged their Brandywine to meet the enemy. The effec¬ flank guard very closely, killed a captain tive force of the American, army amounted with ten or fifteen privates, cleared the wood to about eleven thousand men. On the third of the enemy and were at one time on the of September the divisions o£ Green and point of taking a field piece which had been Stephens moved in advance and encamped place there to annoy the light infantry. The behind White Clay creek while general sharpness of the skirmish soon drew a large Maxwell with a choice body of men took a body of the enemy to that quarter and the position in the night, on an advantageous Americans were again drawn over the part of the road, in order to harrass the Brandywine.* British on their march: Lord Cornwallis The left column of the British army com- with his column fell in with this body, which ■ posed of four battalions of grenadiers two of after a short resistance retired towards the light troops, two brigades and part of the 71st main army with the loss of forty killed and regiment was commanded by Lord Corn¬ wounded. The enemy’s loss on this occasion, wallis and attended by general. Howe, in as stated in Sir Win. How.a’s official report, person. This body marched northward [ was only twenty-three killed and wounded, from Kennett Square, crossed the Brandy¬ of whom two were officers; but there is every wine above the forks at Trimble’s & Jefferis’ reason to doubt the veracity of this state¬ fords, and then took the road to Dalworthl ment, and to ascribe much greater effect to in order to turn the right of the American the American arm?. The whole American army. About noon intelligence of tills, army except the light infantry which remain¬ movement was communicated to Washing¬ ed on the lines, now took a position behind toVV' ton, who immediately formed the bold! Bed Clay creek having its left on New Port design of detaching Sullivan and lord Stir¬ and Christiana, and its right extending a con¬ ling to fall upon the left of the column con¬ siderable distance up the creek to Hockesr.cn ducted by Cornwallis, while he in person’ township. The two armies in this situation should attack Knyphausen with the centre! being only'four miles apart, an attack was m and left wing of his army. hourly expected on the part_ of the Ameri¬ In pursuance of this determination Ster¬ cans, and Washington exerted himself to in¬ ling was despatched with a considerable spire his troops with confidence and to incite force to occupy the high ground in the them with ardor for tka conflict. . >v vicinity of Bermingham meeting house, But having perceived from the motions of while other necessary disposition were made the enemy, that a design had been formed to upon the left. At the critical moment when turn his right, and suddenly crossing the the plan was about to bo executed, counter Brandywine to seize the heights on the east intelligence was received, inducing the side of that stream and thus to cut off his opinion that the movement of Cornwallis communication with Philadelphia, Washing¬ merely a feint, and that after making ton found it necessary to shift his ground. demonstrations of crossing the Brandywine Early therefore on (he night of the Sib, the above its forks he must actually have march¬ movement commenced and having passed ed down the right bank of that stream, and the Brandywine at Cbadd’s ford, about ten was about to re-unite his column with that o’clock on the following morning, the troops of Knyphausen. This opinion was confirmed were stationed on the heights east of the by the report of a number of light horse that creek. On the 9th lieut. general Knyphausen had been sent to reconnoitre. with the left advanced to New,garden and Yours, &c. Kennett square, while lord Cornwallis en¬ camped near Ilockesson meeting house. Early next morning they united their forces at Kennett square within seven miles of the American army. i*. An engagement was now sought by Howe, and not avoided by Washington. The public sentiment indeed required that a battle LETTE.R XIV. C ■ ♦C: * „ uer u 1:1)161 endeavoured to relrieve £s W troon^9 tl' -“The intestine shock his flying troops. But it" was too'late—the I confusion w as wild and universal, and the I And furious close of civil butchery.” enemy in full pursuit. His next care was to Shakespeae. cover the retreat. In this service Grelne CONTENTS. was particularly distinguished. Throwing jhimself with Wheedon’s brigade in the rear Battle of Brandywine. of the retreating army he kept up especially | Mx Deae Beothee, Horn his cannon so destructive a fire as'“til r.H ■ greatly to retard the advance of tbe enemy I I proceed with my narrative. Lord Stir¬ I Arriving at length at a narrow defile, strong- * ling was immediately recalled, and the ;ly secured on its right and left by thick and ■ general continued in uncertainty respecting 'heavy woods, he immediately halted sent the real movement of the British, until Iforward his cannon that they might be ou ' about two o'clock, when it was ascertained ; ,of danger in case of his being compelled to a that Cornwallis had crossed the Brandywine hasty retreat and formed his troops deter- & was advancing upon the American right |mined to disputo the pass with Ins small with a very formidable force.* The proper |arms.f notwithstanding the vast superiority arrangements were immediately made to | °f ^,s assailants. This he effected with com receive him. Stirling was ordered to occupy plete success and such was the obstinacy of his former ground & Suiiivau and Stephens ’ his resistance and the impression of his fire I .were directed to support him. Wayne’s that Sir Win. Howe after having dislogedB divisiou remained at Ckadd's ford for thjJ him was obliged to give over the pursuit §1 purpose of keeping Knyphausen in check, it- Knyphausen as had been previously con- ■ Which service Maxwell’s light infantry was icerted made dispositions for crossing the ■ to co-operate. Green commanded the reserve lereek m reality, as soon as the firing at II land took a central position between the right Birmingham gave intelligence, that the en-B land left wings. Washington + m person ac¬ gagement in that quarter had commenced.'! companied this division. Maj. Gen. Grant at the head of three re^i- I Sterling’s detachment advanced as far as • merits, attacked an entrenchment and battery Bnnton’s farm withm a short distance of / erected opposite the ford, and defended hv £i Birmingham meeting house, and there halt- ! i three brass field pieces and a five and aWhalf! ed until the approach of the enemy should inch howitzer. After a short but obsUnatel be announced. After waiting about an hour ; resistance the work was forced and he ■ it was suddenly reported that the British cannon taken, and Wayne having heard that'!" were advancing towards them in order of the right was defeated, drew off his troops battle, concealed from view by the high without making further opposition and ground in front of the division. Stirling retired toward Chester. ‘ aucl' pushed hastily forward to seize the ground Among the wounded on this day were upon which Birmingham meeting house brigadier general Woodford and the Marquis stands, but when he reached the top of the de la Fayette, a young Frenchman of noble [ hill the British were already upon the ascent, birth whose enthusiastic love for liberty and ■ and so near, that the Americans could not , admiration of the character of Washington have formed before the enemy would have I been upon them. Ho therefore threw a - y afacheci. t0 ti)e American cause’ :He afterwards performed great services in small force into the grave yard which was (the war, and in the darkest and stormiest I fenced by a strong stone wall, in order to times of difficulty and trial, with resolution ' give the enemy employment uniil he should unaltered and ardour unabated, remained form his meu upon a hill in the rear. This I! tha same fast and devoted friend of freedom body after having made an obstinate resist¬ On the side of the British fell Lord ance rejoined the main division, which was Percay,a gallant, amiable and r.ccom- . ' f now advantageously posted upon rising! plished young nobleman and a near relative I ground, with both flanks covered by a thick wood and waiting the attack. to the duke of Northumberland. The loss I The of the enemy killed and wounded according 1 "" battle commenced about half after to his own estimate was 500 men, th it of the ' Jfourp I ,o’clock r in the itriciuwuu,afternoon, uillland was fought for some tune with spirit and resolu-t f}01?* kulhvan and Stephens arrived with SKbSvS. "»»•«»i their divisions about the time the action was Yours, &c. begun, and took a position on the right of I Stirling s line. Unfortunately in comino' up LMyrfirst gave to they had made too large a circuit, and being ' w i H?i i18 near approach ot Corn- obliged to take their aroundground under the firetiro ofnf I wall s. He had been within a short distance the enemy, it was found impracticable to-'- of the enemy and with difficulty escaped ' extricate the troops from the confusion intor their erasp. Washington at first could which_ they had been thrown, by the agita¬ scarcely credit the account of the ’Squire tion or moving. From this cause the action and directed him to alight and draw in the was not maintained with steadiness on this |sand a draft of the roads. This was done quarter Here the Americans first gave wav promptly. Washington still appearing to 1 leaving the flank unprotected and exposed to doubt; Cheyney wlio was a strenuous whig a very galling fire.** Their flight afforded' exclaimed with much earnestness: “Take the enemy,. . great° advantage uvciover theme remain- my life, general, if I deceive you ” Wash ling divisions, which continued to break from ington was at length convinced the right until the whole line was completely •f Major Fergusson commander of a small 'routed. A few regiments afterwards rallied corps of riflemen attached to the British laud renewed the battle, ++ but being briskly army, mentions an incident which he says charged again gave way and retreated in itook place while concealed on a skirt of great disorder. a wood in front of Kuyphausen’s division. No sooner had the action on the right In a letter to Dr. Furguson he writes : “We commenced thau Gens. Washington and had1.nKt, ?lcl Io,ng wheu a rebel officer re- ' Greene at the head of Wheedon’s Virginia- mai&able for a hussar dress, passed towards brigade, flew to their support. So rapid was! vW,tfU1 °U<3 !lnn(1red vards of my | their movement that th»y marched nearly k’ n(l Perceiving us. He was fol-J four miles in forty two minutes, and arrived! f ! lowed by an other dressed in dark green and I at the scene of action, just as the rout of blue, mounted on a good bay horse with n Sullivan’s corps had' ' 'beco me general The, ' . HI remarkable large high cocked hat. I ordered r At_ (

> .-V: that his conduct Gad been indiscreet, and 5M Eree good shots to steal near to then:, and to I manner at least if not his expressions some4 fire .;t them : Bat the idea disgusted tne; I what intemperate, ho lost no time in atoning ti recalled the order. The Hussar in returning for them by an ample apology. made a circuit, but the other passed within Delighted with, his frankness*, and mag-, ' an hundred yards of us; upon which I ad-1 nanimity, Washington replied with a simile,. tvanced from the wood towards him. Upon “An officer tried as yon have been, wno errs my calling he stopped; but after looking all • but once in two years deserves to be for¬ me proceeded. I again drew his attention | given. As far as I have .been miormed, this ' and made sign to him to stop, but he slowly which you have denominated a fault, is the j!, continued Ms way. .As. X was within. that first you have committed since you have distance, at which, m tne quickest firing 1 served under my command. With that he - could have lodged half a dozen balls m 01 offered him his hand and the matter ter¬ about him. before he was out of my reach, I minated.’ . oj, Qreen6' had only to determm; but it was not pleasant to fire at the back of an unoffending in- An interesting anecdote is told of this , dividual who was acquitting himself very unfortunate young man, which I have.never icoolly of his duty, so I let him alone. The seen in history, but which I believe as very 'day after X had been telling this story t< generally known and accredited. When he (some wounded officers who lay in the sam had arrived with the regiment he accom¬ •-ooni with me, when one of our surgeons panied in sight of the Americas ranged in iwho bad been dressing the wounded rebe, order of battle upon the heights near Bir¬ lofficers came in and told me,. that general mingham meeting house, he surveyed the ; Washington was all the morning with the Slight troops and only attended by a French fielJ around him for a moment, and then turning to his servant handed him his purse 'officer in a Hussar dress, be himself dressed and mounted in every point as above des¬ % * ?: • and gold watch to take charge of remarking, ‘this plnce I saw in a aream before I left cribed X am sorry that X did not know j„t the time who it was." The good genius oft- England and 1 know that I shall fall here. The coincident was striking and remarkable Washington never forsook him. 1 JH —the event verified the prediction.. His \ ** A dispute between Sullivan and Stirling name is not reported among the slam in the with regard to the disposition of the troops British official account because he held no (occasioned some delay in forming the line., commission in the army. He was merly a |Our regiment says Col. then Capt. M (Asuan, volunteer. _ — vhicb was stationed on the left never LETTER XV. knought of flying until Conway ordered it off t -V- 'Fhese troops bad seen some service and “Nec mora nee reqtiies.” fought with greater resolution than the raw ■ CONTENTS. I evies. They kept their ground until the Tnemyhad advanced within a few yards - Further particulars of the Battle of Brandy¬ wine—Movements of the two armies. Iheir line. j | | •HAt this stand for a few minutes was .'some very hard fighting. Washington him¬ halteTn wEhich I closed my lart com- | munication, prevented my rendering, th I self was present with the Marquis De It Fayette and it was here the Marquis received • account of the battle of Brandywine, so full] [he wound in his leg. I & satisfactory as X had Pr«£°^yMvinter- As this was an event of itself highly inter $ Caldwell’s Life of Greene. estine and important, and of which we have! §“0n this occasion only did the sligbtes I been accustomed from infancy frequently to nisunderstandmg ever occur, between Gen hear in the narrations of the old, I shall adj Greene and the commander in chief. In hi' without apology some few sentences to what general orders after the battle the latter ha I have already written upon it. . 'neglected to bestow any special applause o Washington was early appraised of the Weedon’s brigade. Against this, which h separation of the enemie’s columns, and /considered unjust, having himself witness-, clearly understood what was intended by land reported the firmness and good condac. the circuitous sweep taken by the left^ knde [of that excellent corps, general Greene re¬ the command of lord Cornwallis. He knew monstrated in person. Washington replied] that the force under Knyphausen, was pn.y ''“You sir are considered my favourite officer. ' intended to amuse, while the other division Iwheedon’s brigade like myself are Virgin- . - ' should cross the stream and bear down upon iians. Should I applaude them for their his right. He saw also in execution of .this i achievement under your command I shall ■ design that the columns had very unwisely [be charged with partiality; jealousy, will be) I separated so far, as to be unable to aid one I fexcited and the service injured.” Sir “ez- i ‘ another in case of an attack and he resolve | |claimed Greene with considerable emotion, X ' ,not to let slip the goiden opportunity off ti trust your excellency will do me the justice ' striking at Knyphausen with allhisXoree. to believe that I am not selfish. In my own Had this resolution been carried into effect, behalf I have nothing to ask. Act towards history in all probability would have had a me as you please I shall not complain. How¬ . different tale to tell of the events of this day. ever highly I prize your excellency’s good Less than half the army was with ; opinion and applause, a consciousness, that. Knyphausen, and he was encumbered more¬ I have endeavored to do my duty, constitutes over with the charge of the provisions and 1 at present my richest reward. But do not, ’ baggage. So circumstanced, he could not :sir, let me entreat you, on account of tbi I long have resisted the attack ot the Amen- jealousy that may arise in little minds, with . cars, but must also inevitably been defeated 1 bold justice from the brave fellows I had ill before the arrival of succour from the other honor to command;” Convinced that pru division then at the distance of eight or deuce forbade the special notice that.was nine miles from the ford And a victory requested, the commander in chief persisted;-], over even a part of the British army at this - *.< in his silence & Greene remonstrated no • ti me would have been attended by the most farther. Alt ho’ he continued to lament that * ImportaSt results. Not only the capture of the gallant Virginians were deprived of the'; Philadelphia would have been delayed;. but commendations so justly clue, he learnt on 1 Howe it is probable would have been^dnven cool reflection to appreciate the motives of ! back to the Chesapeake. At tne moment the commander in chief, and frankly nc-l I however that orders for the attack were knowledges! that he thought them) correct.! ‘' 'issuing, Col. Bland of the Virginia horse-^aj Nor did he rest satisfied with this. Feeling' - 1 n > n I

' general, orthe effeciencyoftheirarmy. .

dence ofthepeople inthewisdomof the orderoftroopsnorshook theconfi¬ severe, wasnotdecisive.Itneither .damped _ pursue. to harrasstheenemyincase theyshould rallying pointtothedetached parties,and time behindhimatChester, tofurnisha | killed. Maxwell withthelightinfantry ashort tinued hisretreattoPhiladelphia,leaving army. Onthenextday,Washingtoncon¬ yet reachedthemainbodyof toward Wilmington,forthepurposeofcol¬ American armyretreatedtoChester,from lie waseverremarkable. dignified coolnessandcomposure,forwhich retreat, exhibitedcalmselfpossessionand even inthestormofactionandhurry of thearmyforitsleaders.Hiscountenance did.” Suchwastherespectandaffection lecting thestragglingsoldiersthathadnot whence afewsmallpartiesweredetached crushed; andnotasoldierbutfeltasI that inhisfallallourhopeswouldbe for thesafetyofourcommander,convinced own danger,”saidtheofficer,“Itrembled of hishorse.“Withoutthinkingmy throwing thelooseneddirtagainstside' bank withinafewfeetofthegeneral; the headsofregiment,andstruck in thissituationacannonballpassedover and ratherabovetheretreatingline.While selves. Thegroundtheyweretraversing after speakingamomenttothecolonel, ot artillery.Washingtonrodeuptoit,and was ascending,andWashingtonbehind addressed afewwordstothementhem¬ tiring beforetheenemy,exposedtofire °f thisengagement.Hisregimentwasre¬ near thecommanderinchiefduringapart the columns,withseveralothers,was handled, andtheleadingofficerofoneo’ fell.* eommisioned officersandsixtyprivates! I honorable,butwhollyunfitforthedepart¬ well andPeytonwounded.Thirteennon Peyton werekilled,andLieutenantsBlack- ed. TheSubalternssufferedinproportion; well andPeyton,remainedfitforduty. i manme Lieutenants White&CooperandEnsign Chilton waskilledandLeemortallywound¬ balls. Ofthecaptains,twoonlyBlack caped unhurtaltlio’hishorsereceivedtwo uinary contestwasrenewed.Marshalles-j deprived ofhalfhisofficers.Theirsang¬ complished bycolonelMarshall,although utes. Itwasnoworderedtofailbackor expending thirtyroundsinforty-fivemin bers, neveryieldingoneinchofground,and Woodford’s right,whichwasskillfullyac lutly sustaineditselfagainstsuperiornum operation bythelattermovement,itreso second struckatitsleft.Cutofffromco One columnmoveduponitsfront,whilea previous service,andnotnowamountingto1 van’s retreat,andatalittledistanceinad¬ the AmericanlinedrawnuptocoverSulli¬ more thanabattalion,occupiedtherightot! ment. Thisregimentmuchreducedby vance receivedthefirstshockoffoe. who commandedthethirdVirginianregi¬ their conductonthisday,wascolonel Marshall, fatherofchiefjustice arrived, andtheAmericansweredefeated. on thisaccount,wasnotmade;Cornwallis oemmander. Thecontemplatedmovement, contradict thatpreviouslypossessedbythe formation whichmuchobscured,ifitdidnot ment ofmilitaryintelligence—broughtin¬ The battleoftheBrandywine though On thenightofbattle,whole I haveconversedwithanofficerwhowas The opposingenemywasasseverely Among thosewhoweredistinguishedby her . sensibleand ; jfronttheenemy,wereunremitted.Oneday ■ issue. I toduty,withoutbeingof consequence’ , MeanwhileHoweinsteadofpushinghis that wearedefending, andwhetherwede¬ , advantage,hadbeenalmostinactive.Four feat theenemy inonebattleorbydegrees field ofafew acresofground,butacause I enough todepressourfortitude. Itisnota alarms, whichisjustsufficient torouseusj event ofyesterdayisone thosekindof undergo thefatigueofsupporting it.The the blessingsoffreedommust likemen begins thus.“Thosewho expect toreap the consequence will be theSame.” lated toproduceananimating effect.Itl adopted tothetime&occasion,andcaleu-j still living,residentinPhiladelphia. cently deceasedandtwoofhischildrenare pressed theSchuylkill,&marchedtomeet jtion wouldbeattendedbyamorefortunatef was CalebPerry.Hiswidowisonlyre¬ that anerrorinorthography.Hisname promising youngofficerwhofellonLong 'and onthethirdafterbattle,here¬ I onlywastakenforreposeandrefreshment, Island—is introduced.Iamsinceinformed 13th, _thenameofLieut.Col.Perry—a front. motion, withaviewofengagingthemin linquished, andthewholearmywasputin tion ofgainingtheenemy’sleftwasre¬ approach oftheBritish,originalinten¬ reached theWarrentavernnightpre¬ vious,when hearinginthemorningof Downingtown. TheAmericangeneralhad Knyphausen marchedupontheroadto route byGoshenmeetinghouse,while him. Cornwalliswasdirctedtotakehis Washington wasadvancinguponthe ing receivedintelligencethe16ththat Ashton, withinfivemilesofChester.Hav¬ infantry andBritishgrenadiers,joinedthe Lancaster road,Howeresolvedtoattack Concord meetinghouse,andadvancedto two brigadesunderMaj.Gen.Grant,at with astrongbattalion. tious Howere-inforcedhimtwodaysafter ing daytotakepossession.Thisservice ed. ThesewereescortedbycolonelLoos Loos metwithnoobstruction,yetthecau¬ ernor ofDelawarewastakenprisoner. and Mr.M’lvinlythenewlyappointedgov¬ had beenperformedwithoutopposition, M’Donall hadbeendetachedonthepreceed- to Wilmingtononthe13th,'witherMajor days withtheprincipalpartofhis than thatofremovinghissickandwound¬ without anyotherostensibleemployment, of successthanbefore. the foe;inbetterspiritsandhigherhopes forces, heremaineduponthefieldofbattle, to puthisarmyinacondition,again| had everyreasontohopethatanotherac-." feriority totheiradversaries,andthatthey assured, thattheyhadmanifestednoin¬ that ideaandWashington’sgeneralorders contributed toconfirmit.Thetroopswere Crisis No.4,fdatedSeptember12th,upholds more severelythantheAmericans.The that intheengagementtheyhadsuffered march northwardforthesamepurpose. the Britishhadgainedonlyground,and The opinionwascarefullycherished,that regiment atAlexandriawasorderedto reinforce thearmyinPennsylvania,anda they wouldabandontheirplaceofsession. determined toriskanotherbattlebefore Dickinson ofNewJerseywasrequestedto safety oftheAmericanmetropolis,andthey Even Congress______fThis isanable,spiritedpaper,welll "'Lee’s Memoirs. P. S.Youmayrecollectthatinletter On the13thlordCornwalliswithlight The exertionsofthecommanderinchief! jyni' mociiiu ■ commanded a Ifault. The stratagem suc- the remains of the soldiers that perished in Bceeded and the command was obeyed. i the massacre, and the field in which it ]By tliis bold adventure lie was en¬ stands containing nearly twenty-five acres l abled to ascertain better the force of the! has been lately purchased for a paradel leneiny while lie gave further time to his| ground. The tumulus or cluster of graves! |men to prepare for action. in which the remains of the soldiers are in¬ tQuod fere libenter homines id, quod j terred, is inclosed by a substantial stone wall, volunt, credunt. forming a rectangular oblong form north to south, sixty-five feet in length, and twenty LETTER XVIII. , - ' in width, with a gate in the middle of the, Big Mars seems bankrupt in the beggar’d ■ western side wall. In the centre of the en¬ host; SHAKESPEARE. closure the monument itself is placed. It:; is composed of handsome marble and is a| CONTENTS.- pedestal, surmounted by a pyramid, alto-1 General conduct of the British troops- getlier about eight and a half feet in height. Anecdote—Encampment of the American;l Upon the four sides of the body of thej Army at Vfilley Forge—Its distresses. pedestal; which is a solid block of ■marble:1 four feet high with a base of twenty inches# My DeAr. Brother, square, the following inscriptions, from the t Presuming that you are hot Easily |pen of a distinguished gentleman of this: wearied by a minute relation of the circum¬ county, are engraved. stances that occurred in our county during (On the-west side fronting the gate.) the revolution, I have ventured to go a good Sacred deal into detail and to speak fc'lrcumstanti- To the memory of the PATRIOTS, ally of every event connected with the , operations of the two armies. Having now who on this spot fell a sacrifice nearly concluded this part, of my task, I to shall not materially deviate from the plan I British Barbarity have heretofore pursued. The encamp¬ during the struggle for AMERICAN INDEPENENCE, ment of the American army at Valley forge on the night of the and a few other circumstances remain yet; to be Spoken of... twentieth of September, ■ The transit of the lioistUe armies through 1777. the county excited much consternation (On the south side.) among the inhabitants of the neighborhood! Here repose through which they passed. Many con- The remains of fifty three sealed their money and most valuable AMERICAN SOLDIERS, goods, some drove away their cattle, and I who wore the victims of even abandoned their homes iii dread of the cold blooded cruelty expected rapine and violence of the enemy. in the well known Their fears however for the most part were 1 Massacre at the Paoli , unreasonable, and their precautions un¬ while under the command of necessary. For few- were treated with rigour Gen. Anthony Wayne; and the property of individuals was gener¬ an officer whose ally respected, except so. far as regarded the military conduct indespensible means of subsistence, which bravery and humanity armies are apt to consider as lawfel prey. were Such as remained at their homes fared I equally conspicuous much the best, For those who fled were throughout the j regarded as enemies, ftlid tlifeir pfopt-rfy, ih Revolutionary War. 'consequence, was often much injured. Some severity was exercised upon the active arid ■ (North side.) zealous whigs; who fell into their hands, as; The well as iipori fhbse,, wliom. their personal ATROCIOUS M ASS ACRE, ■ enemies represented as iniicll. Thfe Friends,) which this stone and others who took no part in the political Commemorates, contests of the day, were left to pursue their was perpetrated employments with little molestation. In¬ by deed it was the policy of the British com-1 British Troops, mander to' treat the population generally in under the a friendly fnanner. For. at this time the | immediate command opinion prevailed in both armies, that the of 'private sentiments of many of the people Major General Grey. were favourable to the royal cause. Though [ (East side.) decidedly hostile ±a> oppression, and actu¬ This memorial, ated by an ardent love of freedom, they had. in honour of on the first commencement of the revolu-, Revolutionary Patriotism, tionary struggle, evinced a spirit of deter¬ was erected mined opposition to the arbitrary measures I September 20th 1817, of the British ministry, yet their views by the were not pushed to the same extremity Republican Artillerists with those of manv of their fellow citizens, of and they were seriously apprehensive of the I Chester County, consequences of a final separation from the} aided by mother country. They aimed at reform j the Contributions rather than revolution, and Were disposed I of their I to be loyai provided they cotiid be free." Fellow Citizens. Mistaken men ! not to perceive that between 1 Yours, &c. slavery A independence there was no I medium for America. However many, per-| *Part of the British line having advancedj haps the majority of the community was! in front of the Americans, eye witnesses re- j inclined to the whig party though Certainly I jport that Wayne having turned his cloak the class I have mentioned was sufficiently t which was lined with red, rode up to it and numerous. ;ut whatever may have been the general While these "dispositions / were made forbearance of. the British troops, during I render Philadelphia an inconvenient sta¬ their operations within the limits of Chester tion for the enemy, the main army was so j countv. yet there are. some anecdotes told by situated as to receive regular and prompt in-1 the chroniclers of the times ; that, were we I telligence of any movements which might to judge from them dlohe, wdiila. give us at 3e made in force, and a bridge was thrown very different impression respecting1 their over the Schuylkill to facilitate its opera conduct. One related by Sutcliff an English [ions on the east side of the river. | j traveller I shall take the liberty of repeat¬ It would be a tedious and ungrateful task : ing. A British officer, while the army was to speak in detail of the unexampled hard¬ in the neighborhood of "the Brandywine, ships endured by the American army dur¬ went alone one day to the house of a ing this most unhappy winter. As this farmer in the vicinity. Here he behaved in 3art of our history has been as completely I, the politest manner and prevailed upon the developed as any other, it will be sufficient: lady of the house to sell him a cheese. J>fbr me to touch upon a few of the leading: When she went for it the officer followed | circumstances. . , I her unobserved, and discovered where she The cause of many of these hardships!, had her whole stock concealed. Having ras the defective state of the commissary got his cheese, he paid liberally for it, and epartment. Congress early in the season took his leave. Next day the fellow re¬ .ad bestowed some attention upon this turned, accompanied by ft number of sol¬ abject, and by midsummer had completed diers, robbed her store . house of every heir system. Such however were its ar cheese [that was in it, and at the point of angements the officer col. Trumbull the bayonet compelled the lady to turn the who was at that time commissary general, money over which had bfeen paid her the 'refused to accept the office assigned him. iday before. Such an instance of brutality The new regulations were adopted in direct | would have disgraced a band of buccaniers. opposition to the opinion of Washington, It is but just, however to. say, that occur- | and obstinately persisted in, notwithstand¬ rences of this kind were rare. ing the earnest remonstrances of the com¬ Washington thinking it expedient to take missary general, whose experience certainly a strong position in the-, vicinity of the entitled his sentiments to some deference in enemy, and then to erect huts, which might the national council. The intended remedy coyer his army daring the winter, selected ■ only aggravated the disorder, and scarcely for that purpose the high and commanding had the army gone into winter quarters be¬ piece of ground at Valley, forge, partly in fore the effects of those ill-judged expedients 'Montgomery and partly in Chester county; were fully experienced. Tlie absolute failure and about eighteen miles distant from of all supply, was preceded for a few days, Philadelphia.' The situation was " very ad¬ by the issuing of meat absolutely unfit to be vantageous, both for watching, the motions eaten. Representations on this subject were of the enemy, and intersepting their sup¬ made to the commander in chief, who com¬ plies of forage and provision. On the night municated them immediately to congress, of the eleventh of December, _ the Ameri¬ ■V': enclosed in a letter from himself in which can army crossed the Schuylkill, and early ;he holds this language : “ Unless more vigor- next morning occupied the ground which bus exertions and better regulations take had been chosen for their winter station. * place in that line (the commissary s) and The winter had already stet in with great . immediately, the army must dissolve. At I the sufferings of the men, this time there was not a single hoof m Iclothed and ill supplied, were extreme. camp and only twenty-five barrels of flour. However, the hills were well covered with! No sooner was this important and alarming wood, and the soldiers lost 'no time in mak¬ truth disclosed, than parties were instantly ing use of this advantage; In a few days detached different ways, to collect, if possible, huts made of logs filled in with mortar 'as much provision as would satisfy _ the [were erected and thus a shelter from the pressing existing wants of .the soldiery. nelemencies of the season provided, suffici- The powers confided by Congress in the :nt to satisfy men long accustomed to hard- commander in chief were now exercised, hip and privation. The order of a regular though with the utmost reluctance and ncampment was observed, and nothing seizures were made wherever provisions, evidenced the army to be irijwinter quarters, could be had. By these means considerable but the substitution of huts;'for tenth® The supplies were procured, and the exigencies ■headquarters of the commander in chief! of the moment supplied. Two thousand were near the river, a little above the en¬ nine hundred men were then in camp unfit campment at the house qf Mr. Potts, a| for duty, because barefoot or otherwise worthy old gentleman of. the society of! naked, yet the distresses of the American Friends. army were not at their height. Though Washington^ had now taken, aj For some time the troops subsisted chiefly permanent station for his ;army, his exer¬ by impressments, and ' Washington in tions to cut off all communication between obedience to the will of Congress, who were the city and country were not intermitted. dissatisfied with the lenity, as the people (General Smallwood was detached to Wil¬ were with the rigour of his conduct, issued mington to guard that patt of Delaware, a proclamation, calling on the farmers fCol. Morgan was posted oil the west and within seventy miles of head quarters, to Armstrong on the east side of the Schuyl- thresh out one half of their grain by the rill, to prevent the people of the country first of February, and the residue by the (from carrying their provisions to Philadel¬ first of March; under the penalty of hav¬ phia,"and major Jameson and captain Lee ing the whole seized as straw. This kind with their cavalry, were directed to assist in of proceeding was as little congenial with these duties. General count Pulaski a; the disposition of Washington, as it was Polish nobleman, who had been appointed ¥■ consistant with the dictates of sound policy. .to command the horse repaired with the He often remonstrated to Congress upon the residue of the brigade of cavalry to Trenton, subject, representing it to be ruinous, not where his duty was to instruct and fit them only to the inhabitants, but to the army . for the next campaign. The vast importance itself, The country was scoured m all di¬ ; of cavalry to the army became every day rections and supplies sometimes extorted at more visible, and the commander in chief the point of the bayonet. _ The necessity of letermined to make great efforts to ..render the measure only could justify it though, aart of his force more efficient'. that did not diminish the odium which it where produced. .A- (i iii sout this time," when the dissolution of 0,1111 [ was actually exhausted, unit that the army seemed notan improbable circum¬ it would be impracticable to obtain supplies stance, the legislature, of Pennsylvania as f to support the army longer than to the end determined to test the patriotism of Wash¬ of the month. Already the scarcity be¬ ington, hearing that the troops had gone gan to manifest itself in the quality as well into winter quarters, addressed a remon¬ as the quantity of the provisions issued. A strance to Congress upon this subject. This ■ total failure in the article of flesh was memorial indicates in very intelligible speedily threatened, and the supply of flour terms, their disatisfaction with the com¬ was quite inadequate to the wants of the mander m chief, and their disappointment army. At this crisis the commander used in the expected success of the preceeding jreat exertions to procure the necessary campaign. The limited means which the means of subsistence not only from the ad- general could command, the embarrass- I homing states of New Jersey, Delaware and merits to which he had been subject, and ' Maryland, but even from the more distant their own culpable supineness ih seconding and northerly parts of the Union. The his active endeavuors, seem to have been en- 1 assistance of the governor of Connecticut tirely overlooked by the legislature in was urgently importuned to afford the framing their document. Washington in means of relief to the starving and suffer¬ noticing this paper thus alludes to the ing army. “Without some support from members of assembly. “ I can assure those the eastward ” says Washington in a letter gentlemen that it is a much easier, and less to governor Trumbujl, “we cannot but dis¬ distressing thing to draw remonstrances in band.” ajcomfortable room by a good fire side, than Fearful however, that the resources of I to occupy a cold bleak hill, and to sleep .the commissary department would entirely under frost and snow without clothes or fail still earlier than had been reported, anil before distant supplies could arrive, the (have little feeling for the naked and dis-tt commander in chief detached Genera] tressed soldiers, I feel superabundantly for Wayne with orders to seize all horses tit for them, and from my scrul pity those miseries 'fr cavalry or draught, all cattle and sheep fit 5 which it is not in my power either to relieve dor slaughter as well as every species of prevent.” Such a style of reproof was ;[ Jforage proper for the use of the army |never better merited. within fifteen miles of the Delaware between The weak and broken condition of the, the Schuylkill and the Brandywine. He I continental regiments, the various remon- was also ordered to destroy the forage oil sfiafic'es of the general, the numefbtts com- the islands between Philadelphia and ! plaints received from every quarter, deter- | Chester, which was so much exposed to the mined congress to depute a committee of ;enemy that it would be impracticable to their body, who should reside in camp jbring it off. during the winter, and in conce'fit with As was to be expected the inhabitants en general Washington, investigate perfectly deavored as much as possible to defeat the I the state of the army, and report such re¬ object of the foraging party, and before any forms as the public good might require. sufficient aid could be furnished, by these This committee, repaired to .head quarters in means an absolute famine prevailed in the month of January. Having consulted camp. Complaints became universal and I Ills Officers extensively, the coiUliiafider hi violent, the horses were dying for want of chief prepared and laid before them for Jorage, the men were absolutely without consideration, a general statement, iff meat, and not only so, but naked and bare¬ which, a very comprehensive view was foot. The returns of the first of February, taken of the conditiofi of the atffiy; and exhibited the astonishing number of 3989 the remedies necessary for the correction of I men in camp unfit for duty, for want of existing abuses, fis well as those regulations clothes. The hospitals were crowded with (which he deemed essential to its future pros¬ I the sick, many of whom died In conse¬ perity were clearly and fully designated.® quence of being badly attended and ill The wants and distresses of the army supplied with such articles as their situa¬ I when actually seen by the committee of tion required. It is almost miraculous with I Congress, made a much deeper impression what fortitude the soldiers endured their I than would have been received from any many miseries, and with what affection they representation whatever. They endeavoured I clung to their commander in the severest to Communicate to congress the sentiments extremities of .hardship and hunger. The I created in their own bosoms, and to correct (weight of his character and his complete 'V as speedily as possible, the errors which had ascendency over the army alone saved it been committed. Bfit a numerous body from dissolution. proceeded slowly in the conduct of execu¬ General Green with a strong detachment tive affairs, and before the existing mischiefs I was ordered to obtain iii the conntry by any I were Corrected the distresses of the Ameri¬ means whatever, an immediate supply. He can lifiny had reached their height.t from the necessity of the case, foraged as in Yours, &C. an enemy’s country, and drove to camp every animal he could find fit for slaughter. ♦Marshall. Captain Lee who had been detached to the fMarshall. | state of Delaware and the adjacent parts of [Maryland, found large droves in the marsh ♦Marshall. meadows on the Delaware, preparing for fMarshall. Philadelphia, and had the address to pro¬ LETTER XIXT cure them without irritating the people Col. Filghman also made abundant collec¬ Extiemity is the trier of spirits.” tions in the state of New Jersey. These Shakespeare. strong measures to which necessity .com¬ pelled the resort, produced relief. for the CONTENTS. moment, and enabled the arniy to subsist |Suffering of the army at Valley Forge— until supplies arrived from Connecticut. Capt Lees skirmish with the' enemy— As Captain Lee was extrernely active and Army moves off-notice of several of the .always in the neighborhood of the enemy a principal officers. [plan was formed late in January to surprise My Dear Brother, |him and his troops in their quarters A very extensive circuit was made by a large Earlyin February the commissaries re- body of cavalry, and four of his patrols were ported.that the country, to a great distance seized without communicating any alarm. About break of day_tlie enemy appeared ft, -l.; ■ ■'! '

* health was delicate hut preserve the few fncn of fITe troop who Were in peranceand regularity pine house with their captain, , were, .im¬ General Sullivan was a man of short mediately posted at the doors and windows. WTMBStf! stature, well formed and active—his. com¬ ’ Though his party was so small' as - not to I plexion dark, his nose prominent, his eye ; furnish one to each window, they behaved dark and piercing, and his face altogether , :gaUantly -as to drive off the assailants ' agreeable and well formed. •itbout losing a horse or more tMh'one The lord Sterling was short and thick set a person. The whole number in the house —somewhat pursy and corpulent. His face I did not exceed ten,, including major JaraejJ was: red and looked ds tho’ colored, by Ison who was accidentally present. That of I brandy, rather than sim burnt, ' and MB | the enemy was said to be about two- hundred. appearance in no manner either military or They lost a sergeant and three: men, with commanding. I sveral horses killed, and an officer and three General Wayne was 'about the middle ' men wounded. On the part of captain Lee, i size, with a fine ruddy countenance, com except his patrol and quarter ..master ser- • manding port and eagle eye. His looks oor^ geant who were captured out. of the house, i responded well with his character, in dioat only Lieut. Lindsay, and tone private’were : ing a soul, ardent and daring. At this time wounded.* This skirmish happened about .be was about thirty-two years of. age, a one mile south of Coclestown,--near- the-!- period of life which perhaps as much as Philadelphia and Lancaster turnpike road. | any other, blends the graces of youth with . It gave great pleasure to the eommanderj the majesty of manhood. In his intercourse in chief who mentioned it in his . orders s with his officers and men, lie was affable &- with approbation, and’Lee was kooh after agreeable and had the art of communicat promoted to rank of major. ■ J ing to their bosoms, the gallant and chival¬ In consequence of the repeated represen¬ tation's'pf Washington, and the committee! rous spirit which glowed in his own. General Smallwood -was a thick heavy of Congress in camp, a mew ' arrangement# man with a large red face and not in any was'at length made.i-n.the commissary's.de¬ manner remarkable In appearane. partment, and In the month of March, Major General -Green was appointed quarteri General Maxwell was about the common master general with, two.-.-assistants. ;Tbe 1 size, without any thing peculiar either in distress that had -prevailed began now to| jj the feature or expression of his face.' lie. abate, and at no subsequent'period' of the) was a man of merit1 though of obscure J American war were similar; sufferings and origin,. His manners, were not concilatory ' embarrassments experienced by the army. and it was his misfortune to be often at Vari- i Washington retained _ his position _ at amce with bis officers. Valley forge-until the middle of June withd The Marquis de la Fayette was. one of out molestation, although the enemy re-|. . the finest looking men in the army, not ■ peatedl-y threatened to visit the station be-; . withstanding his deep red hair which then, fore they would - leave'Pennsylvania.-''On1' afs iiow, was rather in disrepute. His fore¬ the 18th,, learning that Howe , was ...about head was fine though receeding, his eye evacuating Philadelphia, .put his anpy [ clear hazel, M’s mouth and chin, delicately in motion, and directed 'his course towards formed, and exhibiting beauty rather than the Delaware, where, it is not now otor.-busi- ' strength. The expression of his couoten- ness to follow Mm, , . , .. u ■ a nee was strongly indicative of the gener- There are few I presume that hear of the , ous and gallant spirit winch-animated him, achievements-of distinguished-Mien without, mingled with something of the pride of forming some idea of their -persons ■ -and '' conscious manliness. His mien was noble, !■' features, and it is always pleasing to know v his manners frank and amiable, and his whether the reality answers ‘to-tlto t movements light and, graceful- -He wore have therefore made some inquiry respect¬ his hair plain, and never complied .so. far ing the persons of'the most active officers of with the fashion of the times’as to powder. the American army engaged in those opera-, Col. Morgan was stout and active, six feet' ■l tions which it has been a part of our task to in height, not too much incumbered with . describe, and as I believe that you are not flesh, and exactly fitted for the "toils 'and 'incurious upon this,subject, I will,,without pomp of war. The features of- his face | hesitation, communicate ; iwhat., I ,.h,aye were strong and manly, and his-, brow thoughtful. His manners plain and de¬ Washington has already been described corous, neither insinuating nor Tepitlsive.' [so often, that his whole appearance must be His conversation grave sententious and eon- familiar with your fancy. ' I'cannot how¬ | siderate, unadorned and.uncap,treating. . . ever pass by so imposing a figure entirely Col, Hamilton is thus described by Mr. unnoticed. With- a person six .feet .two, Celaplaine. “Although in person below inches in stature, expanded, muscular, of] the middle stature, and somewhat deficient elegant proportions ■ and unusually grace in-elegance of figure. Hamilton possessed a ful in all its movements ; his head moulded very striking ai|d manly apea,rance. By I somewhat on the model of Grecian antique; the most superficial observer lie ii’e’fer could ■ features sufficiently prominent fdr stfiehgth be regarded as a- common -individual. His or comliness ; a Roman nose and.large blue; head which was. large, was formed on the •.eyes deeply thoughtful rather than lively;1 finest model, resembling somewhat t with these attributes the appearance of Grecian Antique. His forehead was spacious Washington was -striking' and august, A and elevated, his none projecting, but in¬ fine complexion being supper-added, he was clining to-1 the aquiline, Ms eyes grey, keen accounted when young one of the liandsom- at all times, and When animated by debate1 | est of men. But his majesty consisted m the intolerably piercing, and his mouth and expression of his countenance,.much.more- chin well proportioned and handsome. ■ than in his comely features,-Ms-lofty, per¬ These two latter, although hothis'strongest il son or his dignified deportment. It was the were his most pleasing . featraes—yet the emanation of his great - spirit through the form of Ms mouth Was expressive of elo- ffl tenement it occupied.! . qu.ene,e',,m0re especially of persuasion. He Major General Green in.person was rather, was remarkable for a deep depression be¬ I corpulent and above the-common size. His tween his nose and forehead, and a confrac-I I complexion whs fair, and -florid, his --eoun-> | tion of his brows which gave to -the upper j tenance serene and mild, indicating a good¬ part of his countenance an air of sternness J ness which seemed to shade and soften the The lower-part was the emblem of mildness j ■ fire and greatness of Its expressions'. _ His and ' * ' ' '

• * - *9

■ Major Lee, one of the most vigilcnf and perforation, and he had to look to other1' 1 active pnrtizfeh officers in the American ; means of escape. These soon presented. army, was short in stature and of slight Recruits for the American army were then] make, but agile and active. His face was much wanted, and eagerly sought after 1 small and freckled, his look eager and and to Fitch the offer was made, of im-1 sprightly. He was then quite young and mediate release and indemnity for the past, j his appearance was even more youthful on condition that he would enter the contin- j than his years. entnl service. To this condition, he gladly Yours, «ftc. acceeded, and stepijonce more into open air— ' But, though not greatly averse to the hazards [ "Marshall. of a soldier’s life, lie had little notion of| tC'olumbian Plutarch, fighting for men who had temporarily de¬ jLee’s Memoirs. prived him of his liberty. He therefore em¬ braced the first opportunity of deserting I Chester County. again, and roamed the country for some) time, working for wages a few days in a LETTER XX. place, and thus procuring for himself an honest livelihood. Good people all, I pray give car, A woful song you shall hear, While engaged in this way Fitch was I "ids of a robber stout as ever seized by two soldiers that were sent from Bade a true mnu stand and deliver. Wilmington by an officer there, who had With his foodie doo fa loodle.lOO. heard of his being a deserter, and where he Hoh Roy. was employed. The soldiers set upon him CONTENTS. unaware?, while mowing, with other hands, Fitz Patrick. in a meadow in Londongrove township, and took him before he could make any resist- ( )My Dear Brother, ance. It was proposed to lead their prisoner During ttie whiter in tvhicli the British directly to Wilmington ; but at his entreaty | (occupied Philadelphia, mid the year which the men were prevailed upon to go with him ' followed its evacuation, some alarm was 1 first to liis mother’s, a few miles distant, to created and kept up in the country, by the J procure some clothes which he said he should k daring perpetrations of one Jim Fitz ( want, in case of his detention.—When he H Patrick, a celebrated desperado of those. R readied the house attended by liis guards, | 3 times. Many anecdotes are still told of him. opening the door lie grasped liis rifle which Ho was certainly a, man of singular 1 stood behind it, and presenting the muzzle I courage, and iio't withstanding tile general Np to the soldiers threatened to shoot them lawlessness of his coffduct, and his disre- , down,unless they would leave him instantly. jgard and violation of all the rules of social They did not think it prudent to dare him | order, exhibited on many occasions some ( to the execution of his threat. The men* good points of character. With all his [ being gone, Fitch returned to his labor, vices he was noble and gfenerous, and " and continued to pursue it as if nothing! though an out law, was not altogether vile 1 [ihad happened. land unprincipled. As I have lately learned \ : This tame kind of living however, did not; ■ something of him, I shall furnish you with well comport with tiie ardent temperament a brief sheteh of liis short and desi>erate and restless spirit of Fitch. Besides, the* career—a notice by the way which I would j whigs had injured him, and he longed forgfl not think of honoring him with, did I con- 1 revenge. No sooner therefore had HoweB jsider him a mere highwayman or common landed at the head of Elk, than Fitch re-H ; robber. paired to his camp.—He was afterwards* The father of Fitz or Fitch, as he is present at the battle of Brandywine, and familiarly called, was an Irishman in low accompanied the British army to Philadel-i circumstances, and bound his son when phia, where he continued during the ' quite a lad to John Passmore, a reputable greater part of the winter following,; citizen of Chester county, to learn the trade making occasional visits to liis native j of a blacksmith. Fitz behaved himself county, and the country adjacent j J passably well during his apprenticeship, to the city, on predatory expeditions.! and worked pretty faithfully at the anvil For this kind of service he was peculiarly ! during his term of service, which did not qualified, and of consequence a good deal ; expire till he was twenty-one. While in |employed by the British.* In the summer! his boyhood lie practised a good deal in of ’78 while on an excursion of this nature,! athletic exercises in which he manifested (Philadelphia was abdicated by Howe, and! great superiofity; flour iicro was left behind. This being thcl ( After leaving Passmore he wdrked onlv a |case he resolved to carry on the war liiin-I short time at his trade; for the war break¬ ,self, and fixed upon Chester county, as tliei ing out, he exchanged his hammer for a Iscene of his operations. He accordinglyf musket and joined a body of militia then commenced his depredations upon our, rasing, lie afterwards entered the flying more active whigs, and by a series of the! camp, and accompanied it into New most daring robberies, lie became a terror I York; hut hating subordination lie #oon to all who were distinguished by their zeal - grew tired of military service, and resolved for the American cause. The tories he con¬ to abandon it sans ceremonie. According¬ sidered as liis friends, and never molested I ly under cover of the night he left his com¬ them, hut the collectors were the special! panions, and leaping in to the Hudson, objects of liis vengence, and all the public! swam to the opposite shore and effected liis money which he could extort from them escape. Fitch once more his own man de¬ lie looked upon as lawful prey. One of* termined upon visiting his native county, these men he not only plundered' of a large® and made his way across New Jersey to sum of public money, but took him off to ■< j Philadelphia. There, however, he 'was his cave in the woods, where he detained■ recognized and being apprehended as a him two weeks to the great alarm of hisl deserter, was lodged forthwith in Walnut! family, who supposed him murdered. street prison. This was rough treatment At another time, having fallen in with a for our young adventurer, and lie resented couple of (this same description of men! it as a great indignity offered to liis patriot¬ armed with muskets, one of them began toL ism. He resolved to revenge it; but he boast that if he could only meet with must first make a shift to get out of his new •|Fitch, he should not escape them so easily abode. The walls were too strong for him, as he had done some others. Fitch seizing I unprovided as he was with implements of ievery day either plotting or achieving some ins opportunity Uisarniedjtlie'm tjotli;’ and i new plan of mischief. He however neverfc making himself known to them, despoiled I molested his tory friends, for having i the soldierly looking boaster of Iris cue, |espoused the British interest, he considered , tied him to a tree and inflicted upon him a most severe chastisement. In this way lie [the wings only. us.his enemies and himself proceeded harrassing the collectors, plun¬ las a partizan chief at liberty by the laws ofl dering them of the money they had! [war to harfass them in every possible man-1 After he was proclaimed an. otttlavr,l gathered for the public service, and treat-! rig them when they fell into his his hands' land a reward was offered for his head.! j marksmen were ambushed for him on every I in such a rude and merciless manner, as (side, and lie was hunted in all his haunts ;| made him their continual dread. He was I but he was too nimble for pursuit and tool often pursued by whole companies of men, wily to be eflsflSred. It is a vulgar saying but always escaped them by his agility, or that “he who is bttffl to be hung Will never daunted them by his daring intrepidity. On die drowned,” and it seethed that the fate one occasion fifty or more persons assembled that reserved Fitch for the gallows rendered 1 well armed and resolved to take him if him perfectly invulnerable to lead. He1 possible dead or alive. They coursed him . 1 was frequently shot at, both by his pur for some hours over the hills, but becoming . suers, and by persons who laid in wait for j weary of the chase, they called at a tavern . him by the roadside, but he always escaped! to rest, and to procure some refreshments.— '■uninjured, So fre.quefttly indeed was he! : While sitting in the room together, and '- subjected to danger, that not only became)' every one expressing his wish to meet with wholly reckless of it, but made it his sport" ! Fitch, suddenly to their great astonishment -Sand pleasure, and eveii took strange delight] he presented himself before them with his |in disappointing the exertions of his ] rifle in his hand. He bade them all keep enemies by putting himself almost within their seats, declaring that he would shoot I their power, and tlieti eluding their grasp l the first man that moved. Then having ■ A by his wonderful dexterity. [called for a small glass of rum and drank it But this man who had daunted multi J off, he walked backwards some paces with tudes, and baffled so long the vigilance of ^jis rifle presented to the tavern door, and a his enemies, like Sampson was at length | distance at which he felt himself safe from '“betrayed and taken by a woman. This| ^pursuers wheeled and took to his heels, Delila, upon whom the mercernary con¬ the stupified company in silent sideration of a bribe operated strongly fori Ignt. “ her fidelity, was the mistress and confidant after this occurrence, another of Fitch, and was mainly dependent, for the jteen or twenty men was hunt- means of support upon his generouity. She guns and rifles upon the south then lived ill tt house near Strasburg road, japping from behind a tree, and a little beyciild Ofitm creek, in a rather I mself to one of the com¬ retired situation. Having taken the resolu-| ilrated a short distance tion to betray her lover, and knowing at| asked him whom lie what time to expect him, she made the re¬ answered “ Fitch quisite preparation for the accomplishment] tpe with me and 11, of her treacherous purpose. Armed men gre you may find were concealed in closets to assist in secur¬ ' or went accord- ing him, and cordage to bind him was also jme distance provided. hi. the fellow Fitch arrived according to appointment. . .arms, tied The traitoress watching her opportunity ^ERhed him seized him around the back and arms, go while in the act of taking off' his shoe [whom he chose to punish, he often pro¬ buckles, and cried for assistance. The men ceeded in sucll a manner as to render them rushed from their hiding places, secured 5the object rather of ridicule tnan pity. his pistols which he had laid on the table, He despised covetousness, and m all and bound the robber himself. He was con¬ !his depredations, was never known to rob a ducted immediately to Chester where he [poor mail: Indeed he often gave to the was soon after tried, condemned and .poor, lyhat he took from the rich. It is re- executed; behaving throughout with a hated that while Iprkiiig in the neighbor¬ firmness worthy of a hero and consistent hood of Cain meetiiife voiisp. k$ rhet with an with the character he had sustained. old woman that followed the business of a Such was the inglorious life and ignomin- trader, and was then on her way to tUCs ci»y ■ ions death of James Fitz Patrick—a man with all her little stock of money to procure <.i that with a greater elevation of mind, and anew supply of goods. Not knowing the a nobler direction of his views, which robber and bxit, little expecting at that time proper education and culture would have the honor of his fldrnfmny,- she made known given him, might have dpne deeds worthy to him her apprehension that Ss captain of eulogy and transmitted to posterity a |Fitch was in the neighborhood sne might ,'vgrateful remembrance of his name—that fall into his clutches, and be deprived_ oi ' .had he lived in those iron times when des¬ her whole fortune. Fitch after obtaining 1 perate valor was prized beyond every other her secret, told her he was the man whom ■ virtue, might have occupied a conspicuous she so much dreaded, but that she might “place in the annals Of chivalry, and shone dismiss her feflrs as regarded him ; for there among his contemporaries velut inter ignes was nothing he would disdain so much as * luna minores as the moon among the lesser to wrong a weak and deieiiceless_woman ; at luminaries of heaven. But as Shakespeare the same time lie drew from his pocket a remarks “a noble nature may catch purse containing several guineas, and pre¬ I wrench,” and so it happened with Fitch. It senting it to her, wished her a pleasant was his misfortune to be born in obscurity, journey, and tul'iled off into the woods. and to be determined by the circumstances To particularize the many enterprises and of his situation to a course of life, that adventures that are still related of this sing¬ rended him an outlaw instead of a hero, ular man—this real Rob Iioy MacGreggor and laid him at length in an immature and of our county -would swen my letter be¬ dishonorable grave. Yours &c. yond all reasonable liiMitd. Ppring the year _ or more that he infested this, part 01 the country he was extremely active, situ wasj

* .V feVtir m nuu ininveu spirir. me (lis- Chester County. nccs which commenced in Europe in I LETTER XXL .1/90, having created a demand forourpro-l duce. industry received a new impulse and | (Now are onr brows bound with victorious! an additional activity was infused in every wreaths; branch ot business. Land rose in value, ' )Our bruised arms hung up for monuments ; I specie became plenty, and the farmer and I [Our stern alarums changed to merry meet-1 the merchant grew rich together. In this ; ings, state of things, to use an expression of my Our dreadful marches, to delightful meas-F learned and distinguished correspondent, ures, ‘ it seemed as if the cornu copies which bad | Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his| been tilling for ages by the exertions of the wrinkled front.— old world had been suddenly emptied upon Shkespeaee. our land. ’ A great change was speedily ' CONTENTS. wrought m the appearance of the country | Col. Steward’s regiment quarters at Down- improvements of every kind commenced ingtown—Peace — Its effects upon the! the spacious barn took the place of the manners and habits—Sketch of thew thatch-covered stable, and the comfortable British officers. farm house rose upon the ruins of the cottage. ) My Dear Brother, As may be supposed, the manners and After the American army had withdrawn [babbits of our citizens were somewhat in¬ from the Valley Forge encampment, and fluenced by this sudden influx of wealth. Fitch had suffered for his depredations,! Innovations were made upon the plain little occurred in our county during the re¬ jlcuet, that had formerly satisfied them, and maining years of the revolution, worthy of ' they began to draw upon the Indies for particular notice. The scene of action con¬ . their habitual articles of food. Tea and tinued at a distance, and except occasional coffee, which had been but a few years calls upon the militia, and the increased previously, rare strangers at the tables of amount of taxes, those of our citizens who our farmers, came into daily use, the furni¬ were not actually engaged in the contest, ture of our boards became more costly, and continued to feel but few of the inconven- the frugal trencher entirely disappeared, iencies of war. They pursued almost with¬ i Our ward robs and chambers were now to bei out interruption their usual occupations, li furnished from Europe, and the homely committed the seed to the earth, and gath¬ fabrics of our own manufacture began to ered their harvest as in peace. be considered as tit only for mere ordinary There were a few months, however in the , purposes. We, whose memories do not winter of 1780-81 during which a detach¬ reach _ the period of which I have been ment ot the American Army was stationed speaking, can scarcely comprehend the ex- ■ within the limits of the county. This was [tent of the revolution which has been1' the regiment of Col. Steward, of the Penn- wrought in the condition and habits of our sylyainia line, which was sent from the citizens. Within forty years, to go beyond! vicinity of New York, to pass the winter in .■ the boundaries of the farm for clothing,! this state. It first took post at the Yellow ■ except for such as was to serve on extra-! Springs, but remained there only three ordinary occasions, was esteemed a piece ofP ' weeks, when at the suggestion of Mr. ruinous extravagence, and it was nottho’tl Richard Downing, the commissary, it was! J derogatory even to those in pretty good! removed to Downingtown, where better [circumstances, to appear on their I quarters were provided and provisions g [Wedding days in domestic stuffs. At that I [could be .furnished with greater facility. distance of time the best furniture was*- Hero it continued until spring opened, [made of black walnut, and it was only ' when it marched to join the forces ordered when disposed to give his daughter a hand¬ to rendezvous at Little York. In the Aug. some marriage out-fit that a farmer who! following, Washington, with his army would now expect to furnish many articles fi- lasscd through Chester, on his way to ? I of mahogany, would indulge her with a [Virginia, where that great achievement was I bureau or a breakfast table of wild cherry soon afterwards performed, which hastened ■ iso greatly has our notions of style varied in [the termination of war and gave peace and the space of a very few years. independence to America. As the certain effect of a general increase! This peace and independence bought at of wealth, the manners, as well as the [the expense of much blood and treasure habits, of our citizens experienced consider¬ were peculiarly grateful to our countrymen: able change.—Their primitive simplicity as by the one, they found themselves re- was gradually lost, the freedom of inter- [ II loved from the distresses and anxieties, ever course lessened, and a rivalry in shows and incident to a state of internal civil com¬ [appearances began to obtain. Entertain--' motion, and by the other, elevated to the ' [ ments grew less frequent and more expen¬ rank of a nation, subject no longer to the sive, and the outward forms of politeness1'-; dictation of an imperious and ungracious which our ancestors regarded but little fl mistress. Universal joy was diffiused upon i were studied and observed. Still, however J the occasion throughout the states, and notwithstanding this manifest declension ; every breast was animated with the proud from the purity of ancient manners, strong ■ consciousness of freedom, and the-triumph traces of them are still preserved amongst IS of acknowledged victory. The people saw jus, and it must be admitted that we have I themselves left to the direction of their own I been less affected by modern innovations I [choice, and to the control of a government than most of our contemporaries. of their own formation, under which their But in consequence of the increased I nights might be secured from encroachment ability of the farmer to afford the expenseofll and their grievances redressed, without education, a greater attention has been paid I crouching at the footstool of royalty—a by our citizens, within late years, to the I view certainly, not a little edifying to men 'cultivation of literature and science. Acade- '' who had felt the hardships of subjection mies have been built, boarding schools es- .-1 and experienced the wantonness of minis¬ itablished, and every practicable measure I terial power. [adopted, to facilitate the diffusion ofknowl- 1 The peace that followed the war of the : I age. Many branches of learning formerly • [revolution was full of prosperity. Commerce but rarely cultivated, arc now very generally I soon became lively, and agricultural was | (taught, a taste for mathematical science* Ia*. ■ ■ . '".A t prevails! and' fner^are several institutions in which an acquaintance with the Latin, Chester County. Greek and French languages has been ex Letter xxii. i tensively cultivated. Bella! Bella! Hbrrlda Beliri! Yours, &c. P. S. I have lately furnished, you with a CONTENTS; . ■short sketch of the principal characters erf I Act passed for the removal of fhe seat of ;, the American army of whom I have had [» Justice—Building of tile Court House and.. ‘'occasion to speak in the course of these \ Prison—Attempt to demolish them—Seat letters. The most distinguished of the I of justice removed—Division of the ■ British officers engaged in our country county—Judges of the Court. should also have been noticed at the same. My Deab Brother, ,,, . , time, and in a similar manner, had I As the population of the county increased li possessed the requisite, information. This I toward the north and west, tliti inconve.ti- have since received and shall communicate iencies of having the seat of justice so far | accordingly. „ „ , ,, distant as Chester, became more generally Sir William Howe was a fine figure, full J felt; complaints upon the subject grew I six feet high, and admirably well propor¬ t frequent and loud, and numerous petitions tioned. In person he a good deal resembled for its removal to ft more central position, I Washington, and at a little distance might : were at length presented to the stftte lfegisja- I have been easily mistaken for the American y ture. To accomplish this object it is said, 1 general; but life features though good, were m some considerable management was used in tj more pointed and the expression _ of his the Assembly, and the influence of a cer¬ | countenance was less benignant. His fflan- tain individual then extremely popular in Iners were polished, graceful and dignified.! the county most strenuously exerted. j Sir Henry Clinton was short and fat, with ; The first la w in relation to the subject was i a full face, prominent nose, and an ami- ■ I $1' passed oti the 20th pt March, 1780. It I mated intelligent countenance. In his man- t' I authorised William Cliitgai}, Thomas Bull, ners he was polite and courtly, but more John Kirkheadj.Roger. Kifk, Jno. Sellars. formal and distant than Howe, and in hist I Jno. Wilsoii, arid .Ids; Oavis, dr aiiy fditr of _ Intercourse with his officers was rather I them to build a rieW ddtiffc lldiisG arid prison il punctilious and not inclined to intimacy. in the county, & to sell the old Court house 1 Lord Cornwallis in person was short and and prison in the borough of Chester. These ■1 thick set, but not so corpulent as Sir Henry. i gentlemen haviiig fail fed , to perform the He had a handsome aquiline nose, and hair duties assigned tlibhi by trite $ct, a suppli- when young, light and rather inclined to ; ment was enacted oti thfe 2‘2d of March, 1784, sandy;'but at the time of Ms being here authorising John Hannunl, Esq;, then a it had become somewhat grey. His face was : member of Assembly, Isaac Taylor and well formed and agreeable, and would have John Jacobs, or any two of them to carry 'i been altogether fine, had he not blinked the aforesaid act into execution. By this badly with his left eye.—He was uncom- ■ supplement also, the commissioners were ■ monly easy and affable in his manners, and ’ restricted from erecting the building at a ■always accessible to the lowest of his sol- greater distance than one mile and a half | diers, by whom he was greatly beloved. from the Turk’s head tavern in Goshen. With his officers he used the utmost From: a gentleman so active as Col. (familiarity. When busy in giving di¬ Hannum, this greatest diligtince was to be rections and making preparations for a i expected. The sight adjoining the tilrk s battle, he had a habit of raising his Head tavern was soon contracted for, and .hand to his head and shifting the position the business of building commenced im¬ '' of his hat every moment; by which certain mediately. , . , , signs his men always knew when to expect But the walls were scarcely erected, when business. For some clays before the battle ■ winter set in and suspended the operations . of Guilford Court House, the general was ? 'of the workmen, and before the season per¬ ■ extremely active, and his hat and his handl il mitted them to rc commence building the ■ were observed to be unusually agitated, f N law authorising the commissioners was re¬ El The whisper: “ Corn-cob* has Hood in his pealed This.lied flc,t df the: .legislature, P eve ” which ran through the ranks, ■„ procured as it is tndugiit by thfe iriliueiice of I 1 shewed that these indications were perfectly . * sonic of the members of the southern sec¬ I I understood. ,, . tion of the county, was passed on the 30th Lieut. Gen. Knyphausen was a good iook- . of March, 1785. The people generally m f! ing Dutchman, about five feet eleven, the neighborhood of Chester had been ■straight and slender. His features were violently opposed from the beginning to the sharp and his appearance martial. _ His project of removal, and a number now re .command was confined almost exclusively 'solved to demolish the walls already to the German corps, as his ignorance of I erected. Accordingly a company assembled the English language, in great measure dis¬ armed and accoutred, and haviiig procured qualified him for any other. a field piece, appointed Major Harper com- Tarleton was rather below the middle size, nistiider, Mid proceeded,,to Accomplish the - stout, strong, heavily made, with large legs, design, A few’ ddys before this expedition , but uncommonly active. His eye was small, left Chester, notice of its object was Com- 1 black and piercing, his face smooth and his nranicated by sonic of the leaders td the ■j complexion dark, in the time of his assuni- ■ neighborhood of the Turk’s head,, and ling the command of the troop, he was quite preparations were immediately made for its ■■'young, probably about twenty-five. reception. In this business Coh^ Hannum Col. Abercrombie who afterwards gained was particularly active. He directly re- •■.so much eclat in Egypt, where he fell, was quested Col. Isaac Taylor and Mr. Marshall I one of the finest built men in the army— to bring in what men they could collect, S tall straight and elegantly proportioned. and began himself to procure arms and pre¬ ! His countenance was strong and manly, pare cartridges. Grog and rations were but his face was much pitted by the small freely distributed, and a pretty respectable pox. When here lie appeared to be about force was soon upon the ground. Ihe forty, ■'windows of the court house were boarded upon each side, & the .space between filled ®He was thus nick-named by his men for with stones, loop holes being left lor the having fed them when reduced to straits musketry. Each man had his station almost wholly upon corn. assigned him j Marshall and Taylor coni run ruled in the upper story, and Underwood been opposed to a removal of the seat ofl and Patton below, while Col. Hannum had justice, finding themselves defeated in their| the direction of the whole—All things were attempts to have it retained in its ancien arranged for a stout resistance. situation, and seeing it permanently fixed I The non-reniovalists having passed the at Weshch ester, gave a new direction to night at the Gen. Green, made their appear¬ their efforts, and endeavored to procure a] ance near the Turk’s Head early in the division of the county. In this respect their morning, and took their ground about 200 exertions were successful. For on the 25th yards south east of the Quaker meeting of September 1789, an act was passed by the house. Here they, planted their camion, legislature for dividing the county of Ches¬ and niade preparations for the attack. They ter, and erecting a part of it into a separate seemed however, wiled everything was county to be called Delaware county. The ready, still reluctant to proceed to extremi¬ line of separation was not permitted to ties ; and having remained several hours in divide farms and it is said that the com¬ a hostile position, an accommodation was missioners who ran it, were importuned by effected between the parties, by the inter¬ the owners of the land interested by it in its vention of some pacific people present, who direct course, to be allowed to remain within used their endeavors to prevent the effusion 1 the limits of the old county. What were the of blood. To the non-removalists was con¬ • reasons for this preference or how far it ceded the liberty of inspecting the defences was favored, I am not informed, but I per- that had been prepared by their opponents, ceive by a inspection of the map that a part on condition that they should do them no of the line is exceedingly crooked. injury, and they on their part agreed to A division" being effected the old court abandon their design, and return peacably [house and goal which had beftn sold to | to their homes. The cannon, which had Wm. Kerlin, were purchased at the expense been pointed against the walls, was turned ! of the new county, and a tribunal of law in another direction and fired ill celebration and justice again established at Chester. of the treaty. Col. Haniiunt then directed This was a gratifying circumstance to those his men to leave the court house, and hav- _ i who were interested in the prosperity of the ing formed in a line a short distance on the town, and who were desirous of seeing it right, to ground their arms and wait until retain its former consequence. If Chester the other party should have finished their has not realized the anticipations of its early visit to the building. Here an act of indis¬ friends, in its growth as a place of extensive cretion had nearly brought on a renewal o commerce, it has not declined in respect to hostilities. For one of Maj. Harper’s either wealth, intelligence or population ; men having entered the fort, struck down and it has some recollections of olden time the flag whicli their, opponents had raised associated witli it, that render it an interest-j upon the walls. Highly incensed at this ing and classic spot; and there are some| treatment of their standard, the removalists - 1 remains of antiquity there, that well de- snatched up their arms & were with difficulty (? [serve the attention of the curions. Of these! prevented from firing upon the Major and I shall speak more particularly hereafter.

liis companions. Some exertion however, \ * In order to carry into effect the provisions! on the part of the leaders allayed the irrita¬ of the new constitution respecting the tion of the men, and the parties at length courts of justice, a law was enacted by the separated amicably without loss of life or legislature on the 13th of March, 1790, limbs. dividing the commonwealth into districts, After tiiis enterprise no attempt was made and directing the governor to commission a to destroy the unfinished walls; alid those president for each district, and not less than who engaged in it, though certainly amen¬ three nor more than fotfr associates for each able to the laws for (he part they had acted, county. The second district was made to were suffered to escape with impunity. No [consist of the counties of Chester, Lancaster, prosecution was ever instituted. The rc- York and Dauphin ; and William Augustus movalists were satisfied with the victory Atlee was appointed first president—Ini whicli they considered themselves to have r A- consequence of the new arrangement, the] gained, and indulged their humor by ex-| justices were obliged to withdraw from the| pressing their triumph in some satirical bench. They sat at West Chester for the! songs composed upon the subject. The au¬ last time during the August term 1790, andl thority of the legislature was still wanting at November term following, the newly | to finish the business already begun. But . created president and his associates, Joseph j at length the popular breeze veered once Shippen, Walter Finney and James Moore j more in favor of the removal, and the sus¬ took their seats. pending act. was repealed by a law which The first president Wm. A. Atlee con-jj bears the following singularly tautologi¬ tinned to officiate from November 1791 untill cal title—viz, ‘‘An act to repeal an Act en¬ August 1793 inclusive. During November! titled air Act to suspend an Act of general ■ term in the same year the court was held byf| assembly of this commonwealth, entitled a Walter Finney and his companions, .and? supplement to an Act entitled an Act to in February following John Joseph Henry! enable Wm. Clingan, &c.” This put an end took the place of judge Atlee. Mr. Henry t to all controversy and the commissioners! presided until February 1800, and was sue-! proceeded to finish the buildings. ceeded by John D, Coxe, who occupied the! This work was soon completed, and by a| station about five years, during which time! law passed oil the 25th of Sept. 1780, the| —he being often absent—the court was held;! Sheriff of the county, Wm. Gibbons, Esq., frequently by the associates. Upon the;' was directed to remove the prisoners from resignation oi judge Coxe in 1805, Wm. i Chester to the new goal in Goshen town¬ Tilgliman, now chief justice of the Supreme' ship. The duty was accordingly performed, j Court of the state of Pennsylvania, came to!, the records were also transferred, and the •’ the bench where he continued to preside | seat of justice became established at West¬ I until the new organization of the courts f chester! The first court that was Held at that took place in 1806, in pursuance of an the new court house commenced soon after act of the legislature, passed on the 24th of ■ —viz, on the 28th of November, 1786. The February in the same year, by which the! justices present were Wm. Clingan, Win. counties of Delaware, Chester, Bucks and! Haslet, John Bartholomew, Philip Scott, Montgomery are made to constitute the I Isaac Taylor, John Ralston, Joseph Lackey, seventh judicial district. Bird Wilson then Thomas Cheney, Thomas Levis, 1 succeeded him and continued to preside i Richard Hill Morris, Esquires. Such as until the end of November term 1817. Upon! 1776 CoTfinson Read, i resignation, John Koss, was elevated to! 'May the Revolution* Several Attorneys | the bench. He officiated as president at - Since 'our courts until the formation of the fix ] i’.p;: ear to Jiave been twice admitted. teenth district out of Chester and Delaware! Atfg 1777 John Morris, Andrew JjtJD'e&oh, counties in 1821, when our citizens were first! William lewis’, gratified with having the presiding officer I William L. Blair, created from the number of their own law¬ John Kalcy. yers. In June of that year the Hon. Isaac ; Darlington, took Ms seat as president of the Aug. 1778 George Ross, Jona. Dickerson Sergeant, | district. Jacob Rush, The three associate judges jwfaom I have Elisha Price, mention abovfi', Joseph1 STtrippenV Walter Alexander Willcox, Gimliitig Bedford, John Pdhcost. Feb. 1779 Edward Bilrd, Francis Johnson. Davis, March M- 1803’. Of these judges ■ May 1779 Henry Osborn. ■ Ralston and Davis, who Mill wwftifttre to sit Aug. 1779 George Campbell, in our courts, are the only survivors. Jacob Bankson. Yours, &c. Nov. 1779 Jared Ingersol, A list of Attorneys admitted at the Court Wm. Bradford, jr. of Coffimoft Pleas of Chester county, since N o \. 1780 Mosses Levy. the year it5l; taken from the Record.— Fell. 1781 Nicholas Vandyke. Note. It appears that there are some omfe Aug. 1781 Wm. Moore Smith, - ■' sions. John Lawrence. Feb. 7, 1752 David Fumy. X.,,, 1781 Nathaniel Potts. May 1753 Thomas Otway, Feb. 1782 Joseph Reed. Aug. 1753 John Price. May 1782 John F. Mifflin. I Nov. 1753 George Read. Ane, 1782 Daniel Olymer. Aug, 1753 William Morris. May 1783 John Wilkes Kiltera. Nov, 1754 Benjamin Chew. Nov. Hfertfy Hall Graham. Feb. 1755 Samuel Johnson. Nov. 1784 Williarii Ewilig; May 1755 Thomas M’Kean. May- 1785 Peter Zachary Lloyd, Aiig. 1755' David Henderson. Jacob R. Howell, . 'Nov, 1755 Wm. Wbitebread, jr. K Thomas Ross, ■ Nov. 1756 George Ross, John A. Hanna. John Ormond, May 1786 Robert Hodson, Aug. 1760 John Morris.■ Charles Smith, f Aiig; 1763 James Tilghmaih John Young. . Feb.- 1764 Hugh Hughes. Aug. 1786 Benjamin Chew, jr, I May John Currie, Benjamin R. Morgan, jr, Elisjia Price'.- Richard Wharton, Nov. 1764 Liridsdy Coatte. Thomas Memminger. ,1 Feb. 1765 Andrew Allen. Feb. 1787 David Smith, ; May 1765 Alexander Porter, James Wade, Nicholas Vandyke, John Joseph Henry, Alexander Wilcox. William Richardson Atlee. Aug. 1765 Joshua Yates, Aug. 1787 William Montgomery, Stephen Porter, Samson Levy, Richard Peters, jr. James Hopkins, James Biddle, Samuel Roberts. Janies Allen, Nov. 1787 Samuel Bayard, Henry Elwes, Matthias Baldwin, Janie’s Liiyre, James A. Bayard. Aug. 1765 Isaac Hunt, Feb. 1788 Thomas Armstrong. David Thompson, May 1788 Peter S. Du Ponceau. James Vandyke. Aug. 1788 Jasper Yates, Nov. 1767 William Hicks, Peter Hoofnagle, James Wilson. Joseph Hubley. Feb, 7, Jacob Rush. Nov. 1788 William Graham. ’Alig: Mlers Fisher, Feb. 1789 John Hallowell. Daftiei Clyaier, May 1780 Joseph Thomas, John Kaley.- Robert Porter, kov. gjteplieji Watts.- Charles Healty, ':;Ma.y Abel BvatiS; Anthony Morris. May TJidniag. H.Ood, 1789 John Craig Wells, I . James Lukiiis. John Cadwallader, I Aiig 1771 Joseph Read,, John Moore. 1790 Thomas B. Dick, Abraham Chapman, John Thompson. Asheton Humphreys, Aug. 1790 Marks John Biddle, Feb. 1772 Richard Tilghman. David Moore. j Aug. 1772 John Lawrence, Nov. 1790 Isaac Pelfair. Peter Zachary Lloyd. May 1791 Robert Henry Dunkin. Feb. 1773 Christian Hook. Aug. 1791 Seth Chapman. May 1778 Wm. Lawrence Blair, Feb. 1792 Miles Merwin. Phineas Btfhd. 11 , Aug. 1792 Robert Frazer. Aug. 1773 Joint Stednidri. . Nov. 1792 John Price. John M’Pearson.- 1 Aug. 1793 Thomas W. Tallman, ,Nov. 1773 Williarii LfeMis; JolinH. Brinton, May 1774 Edward Tilghmail. Evan Rice Evans, Nov. 1774 Gunning Bedford. Joseph Hemphill, Fell. 1775 Andrew Robeson. Michael Kepple. Feb. Wm. Prince Gibbs. Nov. 1793 John Shippen, Henry Kelmuth, Alexande^vHFoster^^^ ™ 178(1—J asiMoore^Riclum^AViffnigHIobL Fell. 1794 Jacob Richards. May Ralston, Samuel Evans, Richard Thomas, 1794 Joseph B. Hopkinson. Townsend Whelcn. Nov, 1794 William Martin. 1787— The same members. Feb. 1795 Jonathan Harvey Hurst. May 1788— Richard Thomas, .Tames Moore, 1795 James Hunter, jr. Mark Wilcox, John M’Doweil, Caleb James, I Aug. 1705 James Lattimer, I Richard Downing, jr. John Cloyd, 1789— Richard Thomas, John M’Doweil, Joseph Reid, Caleb Janies, Richard Downing, jr. Isaac Wayne. Feb. List of the members of the house of 1797 Washington Lee Hannum. Representatives of the general Assembly I Nov. 1798 Charles Chauncey, jr. May from the county of Chester, since the adop¬ 1799 Jonathan T. Haight, tion of the present constitution. John Taylor, 1790— Richard Downing, Caleb James, William Hemphill. [Aug. John M’Doweil, Jas. Boyd. 1800 Thomas Barton Zantzinger, 1791— Richard Downing, Caleb James, William Dewees. Samuel Evan, James Boyd. INov. 1801 Isaac'Darlington. |Aug. 1792— Dennis Whelcn, Charles Dilworth, 1803 James D. Barnard. John Hannum, Samuel Sharp. I No account of 1793— Dennis Whelcn, Thomas Bull, Jonathan W. Condy, John Ross, Joseph Pierce. John Sergeant, 1794— Thomas Bull, Roger Kirk, John William S. Biddle, Ross, Robert Frazer. Thomas Sergeant, 1795— Thomas-Bull, Roger Kirk, Abiah Horace Binney. Taylor, Robt. Frazer, Joseph Pierce. Note. The list of Attorneys from 1803 to 179G—Roger Kjifk, Thomas Bull, Robert 18J3 in the office is incorrect. It will be Frazer, Abiah Taylor, Jas. Hannum. published as soon as obtained. 1797— Roger Kirk, James Hannum,, Thos. Chester County. Bull, Abiah Taylor, Joseph Hemphill 1798— Same members. LETTER XXIII. 1799— Same members. Archous ereo. 1800— Roger Kirk, Thomas Bull, Isaac S Homer. Wayne, Abiah Taylor. . | 1801— William Gibbons, Jsaac Wayne CONTENTS. John M’Doweil, Thomas Bull, Abiah’ Taylor. I Members of Assembly—Senate—Convention —Congress—Sheriffs. 1802— Joseph Park, James Fulton, Edward Darlington, Thomas Taylor, Methuselah ■My Dear Brother, Davis. ■ Some time ago, I furnished you with a 1803— Hezekiah Davis, .Tas. Fulton,! ■ list oi the names of members of the As-| Edward Darlington, Methuselah Davis, I ■sembly, and of the Sheriffs of the I John Boyd. ■ county, from tlic first institution of theL 1804— Same members. ■ provincial government, to the year 1770. j 1805— John Boyd, James Kclton, .Tulin G.I Jl purpose now to present you the names I Bull, Francis Gardner, Methuselah Davis. lot those, who have since represented our 1800—Same members. I citizens in the Senate and Assembly of the I 1807— James Kelton, Jos. Park, Wm. ■ state, and in the Legislature of the United . Worthington, Jsaac Darlington, George., H States, as well as those who have served asf* Evans. I Sheriffs. 1808— Jas. Kelton, .Tno. G. Bull, George a MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY. Evans, Isaac Darlington, Abraham Bailey. I 1”? John Jacobs, Caleb Davis. Joseph 1809— James Steele, John W. Cuningjiam, I Gardiner, John Fulton, Samuel Cunnin°-- John Ramsey, Jacob Clemmons, Roger S I ham. John Sellers. Davis. 3 I 1777—Joseph Gardiner, .Tno. Fulton 1810— Jas. Steel, John W. Cuningham, I Samuel Cunningham, .Tno. Culbertson’I John Ramsey, Jacob Clemmons, William 1 I Lewis Gronow, Stephen Cochran. Harris. I 1778—John Fulton, Joseph Gardiner I 1811— Edward Darlington, John Reed.) 1 Patrick Anderson, John Cnlburtson’ Jacob Clemmons, Jas. Brooke, William I I Stephen Cochran, John Fleming. Harris. I 1779—David Thomas, Henry Hayes, John 1812 — Nathan Pennypaclcer, .Tolinffl I Fulton, James Boyd, Patrick Anderson Menough, Lea l’uscy, John G. Bull, Abra-B ■ Joseph Parke, Wm. Harris, SkechlevE ham Daily. I Morton. w 1813—John Harris, John Reed, JamesB I 1780—David Thomas, Henry Hayes Wm Brooke, James Hindman, Edward Darling- ’*! I Harris, Joseph Parke, James Boyd, Patrick ton I Anderson, John Culbertson, Evan Evans. 1814—■ NathanNathan Rfcnhypaeker.JnoTin Menough, ■. I 1781 Pcrcifer Frazer, John Culbertson Lea Pusey .1 ;ivol Humphrey, JamesI Thomas Mafl'at, Evan Evans, John Han- Roberts. num, James Moore, Patrick Anderson, 1815— .Tno. Menough, Jacob Humphrey', John Lindsey. James Roberts, .his. Sharp, Isaac. Darlington 1782— Percifer Frazer. Thomas Straw- in place of John Jones deceased. bridge. David Thomas. Benj. Brannan 1810—John Menough, Thomas Ashhridgc, John Lindsey, Thomas Malta!, James ■ Evan Evans, Jos. Sharp, Samuel Cochran. Boyd, Evan Evans. 1817— Same members, 1783— David Thomas, Evan Evans, John 1818— Thomas Ashhridgc, Wallace Boyd, I Hannum, Joseph Parke, Richard Willing |John G. Park, .Tos. Sharp, Joshua Hunt. I Thomas Potts, Thomas Bull, Edward Jones’ I 1819—Jame Kclton, Thomas Ashbrid 1784— Richard Willing, Anthony Wayne’ ' Joshua Hunt, Thomas Baird, Abraham! Edward .Tones, Robt. Ralston, James Moore' Daily. Joseph Strawbridge, Percifer Frazer, Thos’ ; 1820—.Tas. Kclton, Thos. Baird Tnal-mn , Potts, Charles Humphreys. Hunt, Stephen Webb. Joshua Evans’ 1785— Anthony Wayne, Robert Ralston : James Moore, Thos. Bull, John Hannum’■ m mm Robert Smith, Samuel Evans, Jonathan I Morris. ■ Chester County. ■vn.-Timotirt Kirk, Jonathan Jones.L jElifali Lewis, Wallace Boyd, StephenJ LETTER XXIV ‘Behold yon house that holds the parish J W,efwL-Timothy Kirk, Jonathan .Tones, poor." Eliiah Lewis,'Wallace Boyd. _ . .1 CONTEXTS. ' _Eliiaii Lewis, Joshua Hunt, David! Potts, jr., John Chandler. Poop. House. t ;si 0f the Senators from the county ofl My Dear Brother, „ Cluster since the adoption ot the ?Vl In treating of the county at large, you I constitution—Elected, m„v reasonably expect some notice to lie 1790—Richard ihomas, P?, ,f o v several public institutions, as 1794—Dennis Whelen. ’well as semie exlensive private establish 1797— Jospph M’tllellan. linen ts Of these I shall therefore proceed 1798— Dennis W helen. tn a:ive you a concise account; and as the i802—John Hiester. Poor House is one of considerable magnn 1806—Isaac Wayne. I tade and of a character highly important 1810—Isaac Wayne. Rand’interesting, it may not be impiopei to Ill place of Mr. I 1811—John Gemnm, the erection of a Wayne, resigned. 1 1814—Abraham tally, House for the employment and support of 1818—Samuel Cochran. ISe Poor within the county ot Chester,| , tne iuu , 97th of February, 1<98. 1820—Isaac D. Barnard. HH . «\bly to this act, directors were ap- rn,,. following are the names of those who ! pointed at the next .ensuing election to The ioHovui g attended as delegates, I from the county of Chester, in Conventions I n- rtodtv of Philadelphia, and com- loosed'ofDeletes from the several counties % ' I SS’&S fflE&yV* Smf«11. Ifn pinsidvama. The conventions met on J ^flays^ent^ahovo-h list. . CaS and James Johnson, who accordmgly Francis Richardson, Elisha liice, John made choice of a healthy situation upon the banks of the Brandywine, within six I »rt, Anthony Wayne, ;.,h HBev ^ 1 SeW Francis Johnson BicLaid 1-iicy. I- -loti nf the borough of Westchester. Hole £ Se farm of 345 acres was \ Tanuary 2ou, Liio. , _ _ , I aiaigcn lnrffp andam. vaiuauie— laim ujl however,uw was Aphony Wayne,' Hugh Lloyd Rrchard purchased, a part of which however, was I ThoiVns Erancis Johnson, Samuel i an sold in the year following, by virtue of a lamb FLe yds Da vis, William Montgomery^ 1 supplement to the above mentioned act, and I Joseph Musgrave, - Joshua Evans, Peicitei 1 Frazer, June 18th, 4-u6. Col. kidiard Thomas Map Wm. Evans, I Col. Thhmas Hockley, Map C»eb Days, I Elisha Brice, Esq., Mr. Samuel Haines Col, costmf farm'aiid°buildings amounted to Iwm, Montgomery. Col. Hugh Lloyd, lRichaad Riley, Esq., Col. Evan Evans, Col. l0Everyllanecessary accomodation having (Lewis Gionovv, Maj. Sketchley Moiton, Peen provided, a day was appointed upon |Capt. Thomas Levis. which the overseers were charged to bung 1 He r paupers from, all parts of he Members of Congress from Chester! I county and the institution went into im Iconnty. , [ mediate operation. The snpcvmtpndance . 1794 or 1796 Richard Thomas the farm and the house, fAt ho care of rim 1800 Joseph Hemphill. 1802 Isaac Anderson. SSS X te.SSKl: 1804 orl806 John Hiester. |SU£ ^t.v l is to visit the estnhlisl'.ment 1808 Daniel Hiester, • monthl\l to adjust and settle the accounts 1812 Roger Davis. ! k +o make, within certain bounds such 1814 Wm. Darlington. i rules and regulations as they may tin m 1816 Isaac Darlington. . proper for the government, support, and 1818 Win Darlington. 1820 Wm. Darlington. j enwh°ln1 tlm panperf were transferred from 1822 Isaac Wayne._ the several townships to the poor home, a Sheriffs since the Revolution, 1 report was required from eaph to.wmW 1776—Robert Smith. . of the number of pop.r supported, with the 1779— David Mackey. erttef niaihtenance. These reports I have 1780— John Gardner. •Sfow before me, and as I have read them 1783—William Gibbons. wUh interest, I shall transcribe them foi 1786—Ezekiel Leonard. your inspection, They form a document 1789—Charles 7X1 worth, ■ which I presume will be esteemed curious, 1792—Joseph M’Clellan. Hif not valuable, hereafter. 1795—Ezekiel Leonard. so. or COST OF MAINTENANCE 1798—William Worthington. j TOWNSHIPS PAUPERS ■ slot) 66 1801—James Bones. I Birmingham | 266 06 1801—James K el ten. ■ Bradford East 1804—Jesse Johns. Bradford West 'j 1807—Titus Taylor. | Brandywine \ 1810—George Hartman. ■ Cain East ' 1813—Jesse Good, 3! Cain West 1816—Cromwell Pearce. Charlestown 1819—Samson Babb. '•!1 Coventry 1822—Jesse Sharp. Easttown Yours, &c. I I'allovvfield East 2 53 31 i 1V.U . Y 1. , j. i i'..' inn 1799® I Fallowlield West 4 239 26 80853 32 I Goshen 11- 821 33 1800 9240 00 1801 llloneybrook 1 53 oo 6984 31 1802 I Ken net t> 160 00 4187 34 ILondongrove 12 573 00 1803 4923 90 1804 1 Londonderry 2 106 60 5760 32 I Londonbrifain 1805 39 30 75 3913 04 1806 iMarlborough AVer o 160 00 52 <>1 89 1306 62 1807 | Nowlin 2l 106 66 50 37 93 4634 45 1808 [Newlondon •> 160 00 53 47 100 6152 44 INewgarden G 300 00 1809 52 59 111 5924 29 INantmeal East A 300 00 1810 60 54 114 0770 70 INantmeal West 213 1811 66 50 116 5395 34 I Nottingham East 160 001 1812 62 50 112 5666 18 iNottingham West 80 00 [ 1813 77 58 135 6913 68 lUpperoxford 106 6(1 1814 66 57 123 5062 49 | Loweroxford 53 331 1815 77 73 150 5344 42 IPennsbu ry 53 1816 103 83 186 8174 07 IPikeland 1S17 96 98 194 7400 72 ■Sadsbury 107 001 1818 94 ♦ 93 192 8656 34 ■Tredyffrin 267 001 1819 112 107 219 7603 82 lThornbury 93 00 1820 120 103 223 8120 64 lUwchlan 34> 00 1821 420 89 209 6364 74 I Vincent 92 00 I 1812 143 137 2S0 7175 58 1 Westtown 107 00 i 11823 163 138 301 9414 00j IWillistown Pai— ns are taken to provide the paupers IWhiteland East none with good plain and substantial food Three (Whiteland West none meals a day are allowed them, For brenk- last they have coffee of rye or barley, or tea Total 7127 51 with milk and sweetened with sugar or molasses, ami rye bread with a small relish A separate house was soon found neces-i ot meat, cheese, butter or fish. For dinner sary lor the accommodation of the sick, and meat, and bread with potatoes, cabbage a large building was in consequence erected turnips, beets or peas; or soup Yvith bread r,1^ . e year 1801 to be used as an infirmary and vegetables when the moat is fresh. For llns occasioned to the county, a further- supper mush with beer or molasses and tea expense ol 1015. The plan of the house, it tor the more aged and infirm ’women' has been complained, is not the most eligi¬ n ai'° suPI*Hed with milk and breath ble that could have been desired, being con-i . 1 he produce of the farm contributes con¬ tnyed more after the manner of a private- siderably to the support of the paupers hut budding, than a public, hospital. In the! n is Insufficient for the whole consumption construction of such an edifice, the advice and much is purchased besides. The land ol experienced medical men whose itidg-l is fertile, and (lie directors are able to grow meat in this particular might have been of? yearly, from three to five hundred bushels essential service, would have been required ot wheat and rye, eight or ten hundred of vitli great propriety, lint I do not learn corn, Yvith the usual proportion of oafs Kit any counsel ol the kind suggested burly, flax, potatoes, Ac. They also feed was either asked or given. from thirty to fifty beeves, doubic as many The number of paupers first brought in i j swine, and keep forty or fifty sheep. The amounted as may he seen by the copy ofl wool and flax arc manufactured into articles dhe township reports, to 110 more than an of apparel and bedding, such as cloths hundred and eighteen ; and for several sue- i. 1 aimels, lmsey, linen, Ac., by the paupers Jh‘ averaSc number of those themselves, yvIio as might be supposed are supported by this institution fell consider¬ not the most oftjoient laborers, nor goner- ably below an hundred. It has now how-: ally ambitious of exhibiting any wonderful e\ei leached three hundred, and is steadily skill \n the business. increasing. Every effort hitherto made for , Many cases have operated against the the adoption of such regulations, as would complete success of this institution, and ha\e tended to reduce the number of do-.I contributed to disappoint the high antici- pendents, and thus to lighten the public! pations of !ts original friends, lieing one burden, has wholly failed; so that there is of the first houses of the kind established cvc,y prospect of ail accumulation of the , in the state, it has had to encounter all the eom-C! r IF amoY,!t.«f Pauperism, and ofl hazards of experiment, and to purchase the I for1 Us sm ! \vfr0q^,Sitlon of additional sums knowledge of its errors at the price of its I til n v)11!' • 1 ct1c-x:ficilsi'-e as this ilisti- experience. The. legislature itself, unac¬ * I- nb!"11 imperfect as are its quainted with this system of support knew WpUlntions I believe that-it. will be goner-1 not to guard against all the evils, which >■ i conceded, that the system of poor! mlg.it enter into its details, nor could il that of eaarnhctiancei ?S groatI5' Preferable to forsec the abuses to which its regulations tiiat ot each township supporting its own would he subject. These abuses have now paupers. The poor themselves are more ■ become too obvious to he overlooked and comfortably provided for. and the expense’ too important to lie disregarded, ’ '' ' of such provision considerably lessened !!>’ an act of legislature, an order signed for the average annual cost of each paenprl W two magistrates of the county, entitles a !ofcSrhrr’ ]\aS sSldom amounted pauper to claim of the hoard of overseers to toit.y dollais, and not nnfrequently fallen to he admitted into the house. Experience below twenty-four, while upon the old has proved that this method of admission s.y stem as you have already seen the cost! ,s much too easy, especially as there is no was somewhat more than double that sum I authority lodged with the hoard to dismiss Supposing that it would lie agreeable to! any, however capable of providing for their have a view of the yearly expenses of the] own livelihood, nor to have them employed Poor house since its establishment and to I pjso'vhere than about (he establishment nnon ii ° a,?*1>.llll1t of Pauperism dependent I'.°r tllPI'C are many dissolute wretches and upon the public bounty, I subjoin the fol lowing- statements. J 101 shameless trollops the most improper objects of charity, that have the address to 1 living Chester County. I upon the bounty of the public to laboring LETTER XXY. IfqrS 141 theirU f V>.\ A OWU1-* ? J A* subsistence,—These, should- - ■ be altogether excluded from our houses ot era WESTON, iploynnent, and by no means be permitted to share the provision intended for the deserv- 3 My Dear Brother, ins and well disposed pauper. | 9 I hasten to lay before you the following® , 1'hc first directors were not aware of the i I communication, which furnishes a icrUM |necessity of keeping the sexes continually , ample and satisfactory account ot this noble* I separate, nor were the consequences of i institution, erected by the enterprise, sup-* opportunities of frequent intercourse be- I ported by the liberality, and fostered by the* tween them .revealed to their full extent, I care, of the society of Friends. It would be* jiatil ihme-trtin».aftor the .buildings had been , ■ improper for me to detain you from the* ^erected. It is moroousy to conceive, than pi perusal of this letter, by one additional* pleasant to describe, the effects produced by I observation. * the miserable policy, of throwing together .* TO TIIE AUTHOR OF THE HISTOR1 OF C HESTER I under one roof, a promiscuous human herds* COUNTY. ■ of vicious habits and abandoned lives; and* : Agreeably to thy request, I now send a I shall therefore leave it to your imagination H brief account of the seminary at W esttuu n. ■ to draw, if you like, the revolting and un- ■ Though this establishment lias been, per-* ’ seen sly picture. Suffice it to say tliavjB 1 haps generally considered, merely as a lit-* ! matches arc frequently made between the ■ erary institution; it may be proper to ob-M inmates of the house—deeripid young men, ■ serve that it originated in a desire, more* I sometimes old men, marry debauened ft I especially, for the promotion id piety than til ■ young women—that the board arc now rais- ■ ! the cultivation of science. . . ■ ■ ing several families, paupers from their■ It is a well known fact, that the Society , ■ birth; and that-the propriety and indeed■ 1 of Friends are distinguished from other de-* ■ necessity of a separate establishment has* nominations of Christian professors by* ■ become'hut too fully apparent. many peculiarities both in doctrine and* Whether institutions of this kind do. not* practice; and'that they generally consider* ■ owe their existence to an erroneous princi-S these peculiarities as founded on piuiciples* Rule, whether they are in themselves, with* which tliey are bound to maintain, andBJ ■ all the regulations that can be engrafted® which, duly observed, promote their* ■ upon them, calculated to advance the- present and permanent good ■ interests of society ; whether they do not in j Experience has shewn that youth, who,* ■ reality increase the evil they were designed * in the course of their education, have been* ■ to remedy, are questions which it is oecora-|® entrusted to the guidance of persons en-* ■toST-moie and more important to have! - tertaining opposite views on the great sub-* Hsatisfactorily answered. At present I shall ; iect.of religion, have more frequently hit-* ■ not undertake to discuss the_ subject; it bibecl the negative than the positive doc-* ■ would lead me beyond the limit I have j trines of their various instructors We* ■ prescribed to myself, and be rather digres- vj must therefore impute to correct observe-* ■ shu- from the business in hand, yet it may , tions not Sectarian narrowness, the de-* n no? be amiss to remark, that the opinion ■ cided preference, manifested by the society ■ I has its advocates, and appears to be gaming 1 of Friends, in the education ot their chil-* ■ ground, that the views of real charity and j dre-i for seminaries under the exclusive* ■ genuine philanthropy, are to be better i control of tutors of their own religious* | answered by other means, than by the m- | persusasioiK And indeed if children aie to* ■ terveution and operation of any legal ma- be educated in strict conformity to the doc-* jft- cbm cry 1 whatever. "With public institu- | trines of any religious denomination, it® ,i tions that are governed by certain rules and : appears essential, that the seminaries in* ■ fixed regulations, it is most difficult, nay vj which they are instructed, should bereg®-* ■ impossible to distinguish sufficiently be- j lated by the peculiar principles ot that* ■ tween the worthy and the vile and to ivi exercise that discrimination in the distnbu- j In consonance with these sentiments 9 tion of the public bounty which is necessary many of the members of that society, had. ■ If to be observed that any good may arise. for several years, been solicitous to promote ■ I For as Cicero observes: ‘In exercendaM an institution, under the patronage of the* [S beneficentia, niultae cautiones adhiben doe. 1; Yearly Meeting ot Philadelphia, which■ I Videndum estprimum neobsitbenignitaset| should furnish, beside the requisite portion ■ I: iis ipsis quibus prodesse volumus ot coeteris. J, ' of literary instruction, an education ex-* ■ Delude ne major sit, quara, facilitates. 1 empt from the contagion of vicious ex-* 7 Deinde ut cniquo pro dighitate, tribuatur | ■ ample, and calculated to establish habits* I Nam ad justitianx referenda sunt omnia, etl ■ and principles favorable to future useful-* nihil est liberate nisi quod idem sit justuin. ness in religious and civil society. ■ tltamuv igitur on liboralitato quee prosit I About the year 1794, this subject became| amieis noceat nemini; quco fontem ipsum h " so matured tliat funds were provided l>.V| lienignitatis non exhauriat; quee delectum ■ . voluntary contributions, & a committee oil facial eoruminquos benefleium copferetur. j that meeting authorized to seek a proper! ‘ In distributing charity much caution is i situation for the proposed institution — I -requisite. First, it is necessary to observe Though the members of that society 111 the! that our bounty be not prejudicial to those I . Eastern part of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, ■ we wish to assist as xveU as others, hext, Delaware and a small part of Maryland,! that it may not exceed our means. Lastly j were jointly interested 111 the enterprise,! tilftt we confer upon each according to Ins I vet after proper enquiry, the seminary was! merits. For all things are to be referred to eventually located by general consent I ustice, and nothing is liberal except what within our favorite county—anil fiom the! is just. Let us use that liberality which ■ experience which five and twenty yeaisl may profit those we would wish to befriend have afforded, there appears ample cause to I and at the same time may-injure. 110 one; I !approve the location. A family of lioinl which may pot exhaust the means of - H)o to 250 persons, passing thro a quartei I charhy, and which can select the objects 01 I of a century without witnessing more than! [ifs favors.’ . I five or six deaths within its enclosure, ap-l Yours, &c, fc pears to afford no very questionable evi-l K - TM^^i^ietdthffilnes^^ts siJ. loci The farm of JUmes Gibbons containing I them so that their 600 acres or upwards was purchased near turn them. the end of 1704 for between sixteen and _ Means have been adopted for warming nineteen thousand dollars, and prepara¬ I the school rooms with heated air conveyed f tions commenced in the following year for into them by pipes. The annual consump¬ the erection of the necessary edifices. tion of fire wood has boon estimated all The soil, at the time of purchase, ap¬ [about 200 cords, _ peared far from productive, its former pos-1 The seminary is under (ho superinten-1 sessor being more remarkable for literary! Idance of a committee, appointed once in than agricultural pursuits; yet tlic most■ (three or four years, by the yearly meeting, Ml superficial observer could perceive the* lTliis committee meet regularly four times* peculiar advantages possessed by this farm, ^' a year to examine the situation and attend as the scat of the proposed institution.—H to the concerns of the institution ; and they ■ Nearly half the tract was covered with make annually to the yearly mooting a re- jfl heavy timber, which had been long sternly ■ port of its situation, state of the funds, ■ defended against the intrusions of the axe. number of pupils, and such other circum-1 Stone, in exhaustless abundance, re¬ stances as are likely to interest the mem¬ plenished the hills, clay of a good quality bers generally. for brick was found in the valley—-and a The immediate charge is entrusted lo a branch of Chester creek, amply sufficient | superintendent and eight teachers—three for water works, rolled through a great part1 , men and five women. The superintendent of its length. lienee the materials for the! has the general care of the institution, at- 1 requisite edifices were nearly all on the! Tends to the supplies, and disbursements,' plantation. The soil when properly im¬ and jointly with a treasurer residing in proved has been found highly productive.,, Philadelphia, admits pupils and collects and the lands in the vicinity arc amongst* the debts of the seminary, but has no di- . rect oversight of the literary departments. v tr the most fertile in the county. 1 I » The house in which the students and alb p I The boys are instructed in the common* those engaged in the concerns of the semi¬ (rudiments of learning, english grammar, | nary were at first accommodated, was com¬ geography and a general course of mathe¬ posed of brick; 110 feet, long, 55 ft. wide, >, matics and natural philosophy. The classics four stories high, the lower one being partly .have not been introduced, and this orais- under gound, besides a very commodious tlsion may perhaps justly be considered as lodging room, well finished and ventilated [the greatest defect with which.the system is within the roof—The cost of this building chargeable. May we not hope that an in¬ was about 22,470 dollars. Pupils were first stitution under such patronage will ere revived in tlic ulfi month, 1790, ten of a long supply this omission and furnish to its sex being admitted monthly until the whole supporters an opportunity of obtaining for number amounted to nearly two hundred. children the keys that unlock the treasures In the year 1812, the building was en¬ of ancient wisdom. larged at an expense of about $3,500, so The girls are taught the different branches that the whole length is now 140 feet.—In of a plain english education. Those frivo¬ 1802 a large building of stone was erected lous female accomplishments which form about 30 perches from the school, originally Si so prominent a feature, and absorb so large designed for an infirmary, to receive a part of the time, in the education of the patients from the school, in case of infec¬ fashionable and the gay, being excluded tious diseases making their appearance. It .. from this institution, the attention is left lias however not been requisite to apply it [free for attainments which' conduce to the to that use. The building lias been found a i formation of a solid character and the pro- convenient appendage; serving to accom¬ ® motion of practical utility. modate teachers with families, as wrell as! A considerable library has been formed for other necessary purposes. ' ' ' for the use of the seminary, and appropria¬ A farm house, the ancient mansion, re-l tions are made for its gradual enlargement. | paired since for the accommodation of thel Philosophical apparatus has been provided farmer and his family; and for a house of sufficient to enable the teachers to exhibit entertainment—In this latter capacity it the needful experiments for illustrating the may serve as a specimen of what a tavern general doctrines of chemistry and natural ought to be ; a place where the traveller philosophy. Lectures on these subjects are and his horse may be decently refreshed— I regularly given at stated times during the where the wants of nature may be amply E winter season. supplied at a reasonable expense, and no The yearly charge for boarding and tuition straggling tippler interfere with their sober has varied', with the fluctuations of the enjoyments—no bare beaded ostler solicit market, from sixty-four to one hundred the price of a dram—and no vinous effluvia dollars. The present price is eighty dollars. offend the nose of temperance. Soon after There are probably few if any literary estab¬ the opening of the school, a mill was lishments which offer equal advantages, cm erected on the premises; out of funds con¬ such reasonable terms. The expense tributed by a company who were allowed of the original establishment hav¬ to hold their stocks, and enjoy the profits ing been defrayed by gratuitous contribu¬ until it should be found convenient to pur¬ tions, and no ' accumulation of property chase them out of the funds of the insti¬ from the cost of tuition is intended, it is tution. There were twelve shares of $500 manifest no private seminary can compete each, taken by as many individual friends. (with it on equal terms. Ten of them have been since redeemed or Though this school, as already observed, transferred to the stocks of the institution. owes its establishment to intentions rather Attached to the mill is a fpreing pump, by pious than literary, yet a review of the state means of which a stream of water is pro¬ of education, in our country in general, at pelled subtcrraneously, through iron pipes, the acra of its commencement, compared into a large cistern for the supply of the with the present, seems ta evince, that the school. The length of the pipe is about a seminary at Westtuwn has largely contri¬ quarter of a mile, and the elevation nearly buted to the diffusion of science and the im¬ ninety feet. provement of the smaller schools, espcci-* One circumstance, though apparently j ally among Friends.- Of the numerous | trival, may be mentioned. The doors are ! *:• 'I private seminaries, conducted by the raem- generally furnished with locks, requiring Ibers of that society, with which our conn tin their separate keys, yet one master key will •.marge or me classical department, wlnle| laDOnnus, me musi icaptmuic may UU. [the mathematical arid cnglish school was| nearly all traced directly or circuitously iv.l [committed to the care of Mr; Cause. Owing that institution. There. the teachers o\* their [to some cause entirely independent of the ,instrucsort; were formed.'Th?,iniPetqs given | [personal merits of the preceptor—for lie 1 ,'y''tlisit spininary to tlie pursuits of sohmoe, was a man of elegant manners, line talents, hike the action of the. heart, has dittVised its I | V a first rate English A Belles lettres I streams through countless channels, to [scholar — the classical school continued families and neighborhoods far removed!1 [small; but the English immediately be- I from the fountain head, [gan to flourish, and soon rose under the direction of its enterprising tutor to the Chester County. I number of an hundred pupils, in the LETTER XXVI. latter part of the year 1811 Dr. Gemmil died, and the Greek and Latin school fell int |As Phoebus to the world, is science to the (the hands of Messrs. Glass and Woodman, soul. The Minstrel. [but it still languished, the number o CONTEXTS. j scholars, seldom amounting to ten. Mean¬ while Mr. Cause was successfully employed I Academies and Boarding Schools. in his'sphere, and received the encourage- I My Beau Brother, I ment to which Iris merits entitled him. In Allusion has already befcn made to tlie consequence, however, of some new regu¬ I general character of our literary institu¬ lations, in tlie autumn of 1818, he left his tions. I now come to speak of them in de- station, which was immediately filled by Itail, and begin with the first academy of | the Rev. Mr. Todd, who undertook himself I any note established in the county. 1 the tuition of (he languages, together with This'was situated in Nottingham town¬ (lie mathematics, arid all the common ship, and long conducted with great repu¬ [branches of an English education. He was tation by the Rev. Samuel Finley, I). ])., [an able man, but by this scheme, his at¬ I afterwards president of the college in tention was necessarily too much divided [Princeton, N. Jersey ; a gentleman of line to allow him to bestow the proper portion ot [parts, extensive attainments, and moreover | care and instruction upon each separate [according to the elogist of Rush, one of the [branch, and he in consequence met with | wisest and best of men. Little can now be| less success than the patrons .of the institu [told of this once celebrated seminary, as |tion were disposed to expect. He left it in [more than sixty years have elapsed since it [the spring of 1822, and Mr. Cause, at [ was broken up by the removal of the pre¬ ' tli at time engaged in teaching his own ceptor to Princeton, but it is well known to Boarding School in Bradford,- was im I have flourished for many years, and to have mediately solicited to take again this insti ed the confidence and patronage of the tution into Iris hands. lie complied, and! I public to an extent then unprecedented in having removed to Westchester, entered [ our young country. Here the immortal Rush ■ upon his duties in the academy about tlie| spent five years of his boyhood in acquiring first of April 1822. la knowledge of the Greek and Latin lam Since this time the school lias invariably| guages, and in preparing himself, under (prospered, the number of scholars seldom! [tlie care of his enlightened tutor, for the fulling below sixty, .and often riviua [distinguished part he was afterwards to act nearly an hundred ; three fourths oi who j upon the stage of existence. . arc from the borough and country adjacent,! The ’Westchester academy was built ii • & the rest from distant places. The classi-l [the year 1812 and 13, by individual su ' ccrl department is also in a flourishing way, I |scription which was remarkably liberal an (and now enjoys a larger share of public| |did great honor to the contributors. Tli patronage, than at any former period. | [sum of $8000 was subscribed in the winte: Under the direction of the present principal | I of 1811, and three persons, viz, Jos. this institution, I am persuaded, will con¬ [M’Ciellan, William Bennett and Willia tinue a thriving nursery of literature andl ■ Darlington were appointed commission j science. . | I to superintend the erection of the academy. The Chester County Academy, situated ml 5The corner stone was laid in May, 1812, and Eastwhiteland township, in the Creatf I by September in the following year, the Valley, on the North side of the Philadel¬ I house was ready for use. It is a handsome phia and Lancaster turnpike road, was I (two story stone building, sixty feet long ■ erected in the year 1812, pursuant to an act| ind thirty-five wide, with a pediment front I of assembly, approved on the o'Hh March, | Debbie clashed external and completely in the proceeding year. The commissioners | inished within and without, with the best named by the act to receive proposals, and (materials and workmanship. The house is to fix upon a site for a building, were) well planned and every way adapted to the Ebenezer Wherry, Samuel Glassco, James] (purpose of education ; the ceilings are high, Ralston, and Randall Evans; and the di¬ jthe apartments large and airy, and in the rection and government of the institution ■ centre and front of the second story, there were committed to eight trustees, viz.— j is a convenient library room, lighted by an Rev. N. Grier, Rev. William Latta, James [elegant Venetian window. The building Steel, John W. Cunningham, John Boyd, [stands sixty feet back from the street, Park Slice, Jesse John and James Alexan-1 ] leaving space for a handsome front yard, der. Two thousand dollars were _ appro-1 which is enclosed by paling and planted printed at the same time by the legislat with a variety of shrubs and trees. The for the benefit of the Academy, ' whole expense of the establishment includ¬ The whole cost of the house which is two ing $000 paid for the lot, containing exactly stories high in front, and three hack, j an acre, was $7,800. The patrons of this insti- measuring 48 feet by 37, was about $.5001). itution are incorporated by the title of ‘ The The lot upon which it stands containing [trustees and contributors to the West Chester something more than an acre was presented f Academy.’ They have received a donation to the board by the late General Wm, | (of $500 from Thomas Wister, the proceeds Harris. . . (of which were to be appropriated to School was first opened in the academy m [schooling poor children ; also $1000 from 1813, under the charge of Mr. Turney, then * tlie state in 1817. lately a graduate of Yale college, and a The first principal of this academy was gentleman of acknowledged talents, deli¬ the Rev. Dr. Gemmil, who in person took cate taste, and profound erudition. In the| 45

tuition o^Uumtcmnanguage^H^w^' par¬ & comprising the elemcniq7^”Tm^in^C'iT| ticularly successful, and it is said to las* mathematics. The number of students honor that’lie sent- to liis Alma Mater■ during the time of his teaching, excepting! several of the most accurate classical ■ the first year, varied from fifteen to twenty-1 scholars, ever admitted there. While, lie H four, and flic whole amounted to about 7n.l continued at the academy its reputation® From the number of applications which I stood very high, and attracted to the place® were made after the school was diseontin-1 a number of students from the different® lied, there is reason to believe that it would I quarters of the state. Wince he withdrew ■ have been larger during the past winter I the institution has been generally in an than it was at any time previous. The I languishing condition, though it has oc-® merit of Mr. Strode, who is a young gentle-1 casionally exhibited some symptoms ol'B man of gqod talents, great industry, qnd I reviving energy and spirit.® There is atpj extensive attainments, wprpbeginning folic,| present a respectable school of English and tl properly appreciated, and had he iYot.1 classical scholars, taught in the academy,® been obliged to relinquish the business ofB by Mr. Mason, who I understand is every® teaching, there is no doubt but tliatl I way ccmipetent to the full discharge of his® he would have continued to receive an in-B 1 duties', and affords universal satisfaction to I creasing share of the patronage of a gener-l his friends and employers. oils public. The house is an elegant stone Newgarden Boarding School, Enoch I building and delightfully situated in a line Lewis, teacher, was opened in 1808. It is J fertile valley, within a little distance of (lie situated on the Lancaster and Newport I Brandywine. turnpike road, in a pleasant and healthy I Downingtown Boarding School, Joshua part"of the county. This institution was® IIoopcs, teacher, also commenced in 1817 originally designed, principally for the in- I and accommodations were provided ft struction of pupils in mathematical science, | twenty scholars. The course of instrueti and to this object the labors of the precep¬ in this seminary, comprises, besides tor have been steadily directed, though not ; branches usually taught in our English to the entire exclusion of the common schools, mathematics and Natural Philoso¬ branches of English education. The reputa¬ phy, both of which Mr. Uoopes has been tion which Mr. Lewis had acquired as a particularly solicitous lo give his students mathematician, caused his school to fill (every opportunity for aquiring, that his immediately, and so long ns lie continued [own attention and zeal for the cultivation to teach throughout the year, he never of those sciences was able to furnish.—The ceased to have as many pupils as he could! French and Latin languages have also been well receive. Applications indeed were# taught here occasionally. A considerable made for admission from all parts of the J quantity of philosophical & chemical appa¬ union. Within these few years past he has^ ratus is attached to the school. been obliged by the state of his health to! _ Although Mr. IIoopcs’ school has been at decline teaching during the warmer half of I times quite full, his average number of the year, on which account his school has I pupils the year around does not exceed been subject to greater variations than fifteen. Indeed I am inclined lo think that formerly, sometimes not filling up until the qualifications of this gentleman as a late in autumn or the beginning of winter. I teacher, his profound aquaintance with Having been teaching in this establishment mathematical science, and his scrupulous with an average number of twenty scholars 1 discharge of his magisterial duties, have for the space of sixteen years, with some I men but too much overlooked, and that lie intermissions, he has communicated in¬ jlias not hitherto received that encourage¬ struction to several hundred pupils, an un¬ ment to which his unobtrusive merits usual proportion of whom have since he-1 would seem to entitle him. Mr. IIoopcs’ conic teachers, some of them of distinction. ’• establishment is handsomely situated in the For the purpose of exhibiting experiments( village of Downingtown, which stands in on Natural Philosophy, upon which sub¬ one of the most fertile and delightful ject he usually delivers a series of lectures rallies—I was going- to say in the world, I at the close of the winter, Mr. Lewis early and I don’t know but that I may he allowed furnished himself with considerable appa¬ the expression. ratus, by means of which the principles of | the science may be clearly illustrated and I permanently impressed. Eastbradford Boarding School, Joseph *Mr. Turney is lately deceased. Notwith¬ Strode, preceptor, was first established in standing his extraordinary learning, liis January 1817, under the direction of Mr. I; ]gentle and amible disposition, and his un¬ Edward Sparks, and continued in his carol affected piety, he was unfortunate and un¬ for little more tlnifi two years, during which happy. The peculiarly delicate texture of time he fulfilled the duties incumbent upon liis mind, and the extreme sesibility of liis him, with credit to himself and satisfaction nature, caused him to be seriously affected to his employers. His course of instmc-l by circumstances which upon most others tion was confined to the classics' history, would have failed to make any visible im¬ and composition, which lie was eminently I pression; and though always an affection qualified to teach, but I regret to say, that ate friend and an agreeable companion, il he did not meet with that encouragement] I was easy to discern that there was a damp which was due to his merits. upon Ills spirits, which neither his reason The number of pupils committed to the nor his resolution were sufficient to remove, care of Mr. Sparks, was about fourteen.— and a canker at liis heart perpetually cor¬ In the winter of 1818-19, a few mathemati¬ roding- "the root of his felicity.” A cloud seemed to rest upon liis course, and he cal students were first taught by J. V. Strode in the same apartment with ihose of went down universally beloved and la- Mr. Sparks. In the following spring, at mented to an untimely grave. which time Mr. Sparks left the establish¬ All ! who can tell how many a soul| ment, the care of the school devolved! sublime, upon Mr. Strode, and continued under his j Has felt the influence of malignant star, | direction until October 1823, when a due And waged with fortune and eternal war. (regard for his health obliged him to discon-j The Minstkel. Itinne it. J By Mr. Strode were taught the classics, ? land alj the branches of English edii'iiliop. • sansneu and happy, so orderly m con W Chester County. and so correct in deportment, as that-under LETTER XXVII. the care of Mr. K:ruber, who it appears to me has the peculiar happy faculty of CONTENTS. governing without any actual or-visible exer¬ Kimber's Boarding School—Yellow Springs | tion. of authority, and is accustomed to pro¬ cure submission, rather by the influence ot ! —Plioenixville. respect & affection, than by the basei ^ My Bear Brother, ■ motives of fear. This rare and Important i French Creek Boarding School for girls I talent in the superintendent, is of itself a ■ was instituted in 1817, on the broad basis of recommendation to the school ot the la public school, so far as this—it is confined highest character. A house ot entertam- ■ to no particular class of religions professors. inert for visitors is adjacent, a post office is The principles upon which it is con- at the place, and a regular line of stages ■ ducted, are different from .those of most keep up a constant communication wit! ''“seminaries in several particulars—as fori Philadelphia, The meeting house, thi I instance, there is no code of penal laws orl school, the.tavern, the mills and tenement: rules in force at French Creek. I oliteness altogether compose a very neat little v illage and good manners are referred to, as suffi¬ which has recently obtained the name of cient to regulate the children’s deportment, . Kimberton. , . ... or to use the language of the superinten¬ The Yellow Springs, at present m so high dent “the plan of government is an repute as a watering place, deserve particu-| attempt to practice upon principle—upon • lar notice. this great Christian precept, ‘ whatsoever ye The mineral properties of the waters arc! would that men should do to-you, do ye ■ said to have been discovered by the first! even so to them.” Whether the system can illustrious propiioiuiproprietor <-of Pennsylvania, inf_ be successfully applied to schools generally, one of his excursions from Philadelphia, iorM may be questionable; but it certainly pro- the purpose of exploring the surrounding* I duces the happiest effects in the boarding country. He is reported to have mentioned* school where the teachers are sisters, the in his letter to Gen. Pike, inviting him to* superintendents their parents, and the settle in this country, and they were em¬ scholars treated as children of their own braced in the grant made shortly “after to that gentleman.*- 1 The number of scholars is about twenty- A house of entertainment was first opened [five, nearly one half of whom are from at the Springs In 1750, It was a little log I Philadelphia, a considerable part from this hut, one story high, but poorly provided land the adjacent counties, and the residue with accommodations, and such as in these (from the southern states and the West days would scarcely be considered as^ suffi¬ I Indies Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, ciently respectable for a tolerably decent Book-keeping, English Grammar, Geogra- dram shop. A silversmith in Philadelphia, I v Composition, Botany, Painting and generally called honest John Bally, became I Needle Work arc the principal branches proprietor of the place, and made vciy con I taught- and the regular succession of siderafale improvements.—He built si com I scholars that attend from year to year is the modious house, now Mrs. Holman s, con I best evidence of the estimation in which I sidered superior in those times, and used I the school is held. , . , his most, strenuous endeavors to render I have occasionally visited the school, out visits to his Chalybeate, desirable. to the I my stay there has been always too short to fashionable and agreeable to the invalid. | enable me to give so particular an account. Dr. Kennedy purchased the establishment I of the internal regulations as would be m- of Mr. Baily, and gave it to his son Thomas [[ teresting to the reader. Without penal laws Ruston Kennedy, who administered very I everything appears to be done by rule. At creditably the duties of host for some years, ■ the ringing of the bell, the scholars all and in 1806 sold it to Mr. Bones. Under assemble in the hall, and go to the refectory, this enterprising gentleman the place be¬ walking two and two, and in pairs accord¬ came more celebrated as a summer resort ing to their sizes. When seated at table, a than ever before. The two houses during momentary silence is observed, after which fhe watering season were often filled with they take their meals, as other large com¬ guests and he not -infrequently dined as panies though with less noise. At the close ' many as 120 a day. The healthiness of the of the day the scholars and family meet situation, the excellence of the waters, the together, to hear a portion of Scriptures superior quality of the accommodations, read and afterwards all retire to then- and I may add the politeness and attention rooms, two and two walking out togetner of the landlord, combined to allure many1 as they go their meals. to this delightful spot, and to induce, num¬ This institution is situated about two bers to prolong their visits into a residence] miles N. E. of the Yellow Springs ana of weeks, during the prevalence of J twenty-eight miles N. W. from Philadelphia, solstitial heats. . ,, in that fertile and picturesque country The old frame house winch stands on the [bounded-** the north west by the chain of side of the hill above Mr. Bones’, now hills that separates French Creek from the somewhat out of repair, was then used for river Schuylkill, and south by the north \ al¬ the separate accommodation of the boarders. ley hills—a district that has long been prover- This was built by the direction of General Ibially healthy. The house is elegant and Washington, during the war of the revo¬ : sufficiently large for the comfortable accom¬ lution, and used as a hospital for Ins sick modation of forty scholars. The .grounds and wounded officers, who took such rude adjacent are tastefully laid out, the improve¬ liberties with the floors and wood works of ments around handsomely disposed, and in the inner part of the house, as have left point of external appearance this establish- many marks behind them. The impressions ment may vie with any in the county; while /V: of their bayonot and sword points arc still the order and neatness that are exhibited visible. „ . , , I within, and the air of cheerfulness and In 1814 the establishment fell into other E content that reigns among the pupils, hands, by which is was not upheld m its warrant me in saying, that the excellence former flourishing condition, nor its well 10f domestic economy and diciphne cannot merited reputation adequately sustained. It 'be surpassed. Indeed I have never seen a continued to decline until the jeai 1820, -Icompany of girls apparently so perfect! trlien'Mr. Bones having bought back a —- .. ... — ■ - ™

'■A-! .year 180'J, when th^gradwater power winch „.Thc property, again opened |the place commands, the healthiness ot the the Springs, and set actively to work to re¬ neighborhood, and its vicinity to several vive the dying credit of the place. For .considerable Iron works, suggested it as a this purpose the best regulations were J proper location for more extensive establish- adopted, and every thing like gaming riot, jments. About this time the inventive and disorder, were wholly prevented. A genius of out countrymen introduced the large addition to the old building was soon I manufacture of nails, by means ot ma¬ erected, with extensive stabling and two chinery, driven by water, and in experi¬ elegant and commodious bath houses. Mrs. ment of the plan, a factory was put into Holman, the proprietor of the other inn, operation at tHis place. The most complete emulating so noble an example lias also | I (success has attended the enterprise, so that made very splendid improvements. tan article of the first necessity is now sup¬ As you approach the Springs from the plied to our citizens, at a cheaper rate, and south, you are presented with a line and j of a better quality, than foreign markets unobstructed view of the establishments, H can furnish. whose exterior attractions impress you I After various changes in the proprictor- favourably, and incline you to expect good L !j (ship, the property foil into the hands of a cheer and elegant entertainment. Nor are1'-! | company, consisting of a number of spirit- your expectations disappointed. There are a ||cd individuals, who made very heavy in¬ well provided tables, elegant saloons, com- & vestments in buildings, machinery, &c. and modious chambers, spacious piazzas, re-1® - conducted business upon the greatest scale, freshing baths, and in fact all that you may Jj t in the year 1822 the estate was purchased wish to see or have a right to look for at a J by the present proprietors, Jonah and Geo. watering place. The dining hall of Mr. IThompson of Philadelphia. The improve¬ liones is one of the finest I have ever % ments are of the most substantial descrip¬ known, measuring about GO feet by twenty, tion. The dam of which the water covers and the plan of liis npw building is, per- 51 | eighty acres of land ; was re-built in 1822, haps, thp riipst judiciops that could have 9 land founded upon a rock, ten tcet below been adopted. He can now lodge nearly low water mark. The principal factory one hundrpd guests without inconvenience. I I contains fifty-four nail machines, capable The lull upon the side of which the houses* of manufacturing forty Tons of nails per are situated, Is Stepp and high, hut the as- [j week, and the Polling mill is upon the cent lias been rendered easy by means of a most improved plan, and stated to he equal zig zag path, for which we are indebted to a to any in Pennsylvania. There are also gentleman who resided here during thcK upon the estate, a large merchant mill, with last season, and employed himself in form- three pairs of stones, a saw mill and a store. ing it for the amusement of his leisure1^ The Schuylkill coal is used here with hours, Ascending you find near the top, $ great advantage in the way of facilitating two pleasant arbours where you may re-A the operation of manufacture, and improv¬ oline at ease and enjoy the grateful cool¬ ing the quality of the article manufactured, ness of the atmosphere, while you stretch t j while at the same time is less costly than your eyes over a country of Arcadian beau- H fuel. Within the village there is a school- ty. varied by woods of the finest foliage, •; j house, which is also used as a place of and fields of the loveliest verdure, spotted J worship, and is frequently visited _ by with"substantial farm houses, and covered preachers of different religious denomina¬ with grazing herds, and forming altogether, ;1 tions. ‘A proper attention to this subject ’ a pi’ospcct delightfully picturesque and ■> observes one of the intelligent proprietors, agreeable. A view of the scenery itself isfl i ’ must in every point of view, appear ot | worth a visit. the most essential and vital importance, There is a post office at this place, and a obviating the objection so frequently urged regular post three times a week to and from against manufacturing establishments in Philadelphia. During the watering season, w consequence of the few opportunities that la daily communication by stage will bees-il are oHerccl to tliose employed ot religious Itablishcd, that there may not means of con- | information and education.’ veyance lie wanted by such as incline to The Valley Forge has claims to notice visit the Springs. To those who would wish I but as a highly respectable gentleman of to escape from (he torrid atmosphere of thefifl , J j Charlestown'is preparing to furnish me with Icily during the months of July and August, ■ j some account of that section ot the county and have leisure to spend, the Yellow Springs l l in which this establishment is located, I present every advantage that can render a I may well pass by it at present, and sutler I sojourn desirable. — A few hours ride* you to wait for its description, until his I through a pleasant country and upon good* I communication shall have been received. roads, brings you to the place,'and when * Yours, itc. here, you meet with polite and agreeable'la society collected from all quarters, and have every thing that may contribute to your cn-ifl joyment furnished at your command, by an, *0f this information, though coining I attentive, and accommodating host. from a respectable source, ! am now, since Among the establishments which the en-;*H| writing the above, disposed to doubt tliel jterprise of individuals has projected, andj' iA (correctness. 1 find upon one of my papers I Sthei'r perseverance carried into successful•• Sd the following note which 1 presume voters| loperation, is that of the Phoenix Works* to the Mineral Springs at this place as I know of none such in the Great A alley. I (situated upon French Creek, at its contlu-l . I.Wi Hence with tlie Schuylkill, & one of the hrstW Note. 1722 The Mineral Water in the Great Snail factories of the kind known in tiie U. " j.Valley is discovered this year qnd greatf K -> ■ •• States. The little village that has grown! ;f (expectations are fornird from its virtues up around, is of uncommon beauty, and al-| . ready contains about forty families. When 'X the river shall have been rendered coni-! i pletcly navigable, this place I presume,cl from the eligibility of its location, miistM become of considerable importance as a! handing. On the spot where Plicenixville now y (stands, there were no other improvements Ithan a saw mill and grist mill, until theB ' — XX Rhu^copalun- ~ I um Mountain su- Chester County. m mach SambUcu^cana- . . ... | LETTER XXVIII- densis Elder bush Med. A dom.I economy From giant oaks that wave their branches Aralia midicau- ,. dark, ,, lis Sarsaparilla Medicine To the dwarf moss that clings upon the Class G. Hexandria. Allium vincale Common garlic Medicine What beaux and beauties crowd the gaudy B groves , .. . PS°us VertiCU' Black Alder Medicine ■ And woo and win their vegetable loves. Rurnex acetoscl- B.'.toxic Garden. la Sheep sorrel do Rumcx crispus Sour dock P,01?’ CONTENTS. Veratrum viride Hellebore Medicine, Ac. Veratrum lute- Blazing star PLANTS OF CHESTER COUNTY. U1Q1 OLO Alisma plantagoWater Plantian do IMy Dear Brother, Class 7. Heptandb^a—nothing valuable. I In noticing the vegetable productions of Class 8. Octandiha. ■Chester countv, it would be incompatible | with the limits and design of these sketches, Oxycoccos ma¬ Dorn, ecoeomy [ I to enumerate all which are to be^met witn, cro carpus Cranberry |in that district of country; but it may be Acer Saccharin- um Sugar Maple do ■interesting to have a list of those which are Acer rubrum Red flowering domj I known, or supposed, to possess useful maple Arts & aouf;: Acer ne°undo Ash leafed ma- economy I : properties, either in medicine, rural Acer uiouuuu le dom. economy Bj I economy, or the arts. The following cata- longe, furnished by a distinguished scientific Class 9. Enkbasdria. 'gentleman, and botanist, comprises such Laurus SassaftasSassafras M^S%COn °"| |5f our indigenous plants as are best known, or most remarkable in that point of view. Lauras benzoin Spice wood Medicine Class 1. Monandria. Class 10. Decandbia. Is not known to afford any plant of value, !Vrvm^osumC°' Whortleberry Dom, economy 1 li in tills region. Kalmia latifolia Laurel Medicine, Ac. Class 2. Diandria, | Scientific Common Names. Properties |6 cumbehs Tea berry Dom. economy j 1 Names. , crises. j Pyrola umbelia- Pipsissewa . Medicine

VSCa?beCCa'Brooklime, ? Medicinal Pyrola maculata Spotted winter Cassia marilan- green do. Monaiha itotu- Horsemhlt, ** ditto, < dica Wild Senna do. 1 Phytolacca de- Med. A dom., ICollin’sonia can- • I adensis, Knotroot, ditto, clndra Poke bush economy Class 3. Triandbia. Class 11. Icosandria. I Agrostis vul- I garis Red top, Food for cattle 1 GTanaS Wild cherry Medicine and I Agrostis alba, Herds grass, ditto, 1 Poa compressa, Blue grass, do. 1“ Amerf-Red plum . Donn eccmomy I Poa viridis, Green grass, do. I Festuca elatior, Fescue grass. do. I Cr^nfUS CmS Cockspnr thorn Rural economy* - Pyras eoronaria Crab apple Dorn, economy Class 4. Tetrandria I Galium apavine, Common clea - A plum b°trya' Wild service Medicine I vers. Medicinal. _. |Gi\leniatrifolia-|dianphysic dQ Icornusflorida, Dogwood. Medicine and rural econo¬ ' Rubus villosus Blackberry Med. & dom. my. Rubus Occident- economy ICornus sericea. Red Rod. Medicinal. : alis Raspberry do. Class 5. Pentandria. I^bens Procum" Dewberry do.

JC'amplexieanle Wild Comfrey Medicinal f F itlala VirSnl“ Strawberry Dom. economy ■Triosteum per- Case 12. Polyanbbxa. 1 foliatum. Horse gentian ditto I Datura strain- Jamestown f -Tilia Ameri- Linden or bass Arts & rural ■ monium, weed ditto ■ cana wood economy _ . I Sabbatia angu I laris Centaury ditto POcealaCa°lem'’ Purslane Dom. economy 1 1 Vitisiestivalis, Little grape Bom. economy : Sauguinaria Medicine I Vitis labrusea, Fox. ™ grape ditto canadensis Keel root j Lobelia inflata, Eyebnght Medicinal S 'Podophyllum Lobelia syphili¬ m pcltatum ' May appie do. tica do. ! Asarum cana- W ild ginger do» : Impatiens noli- Medicinal dense 1 tangere Snap weed ditto . : cimicifuga ra- Black snake do. | Asclepias tubc- I rosa Pleurisy root ditto S lSK™ tulipWlar Hod .»« tho| \ Chenopodium Lamb’s quar- Domestic econo- tulipifera arts viride ters my t1 Med. & rural | I Ulxaus aspera Slippery elm I RabXCsusUS Buttercup Medicine 1 (Jlnius Ameri¬ economy Medicine Class 13. Didynamia. cana White elm ! Heuchera Amc I ? garis5'' YUl 'Heal all Medicine j lie ana Alum root do l Gentiana sapon- aria Soapjjentian do B bLter1flora' ^ Scull cap do. | Panax quinque- ■ Scutellaria inte- . folium Ginseng grifolia do. do. ; Caucus carota Wild carrot Hedeoma pule- tanning, I gioides Pennyroyal do. j Rhus glabrum Common sn- maw j Cunila mariana Dittany “o. Rhus vernix Swampelder s Orobanelie vir- Rhus radicans Poison vine giniana Cancer root tml__ Class 14. Tetrad ynajiia. | Populus trepida Quaking asp Med. and rural Populus grandi- economy Cardamine pen- Water cress Dom. economy dentata I.argc asper Rural ccon. svlvancia ! Diosypros vir- Persimmon Med. arts & ru-'* 1 Sisymbrium am- Scurvy grass do.. giniana ral ccon. phibium Juniperus vir-Rcd cedar Arts and rural £ Class 15. Monadelphia. giniana economy Geranium macu- latum Crow foot Medicine A large number of foreign plants have Oxalis stricta Wood sorrel do. Jbeen introduced into the country—where| Malva rotundi- [they have become naturalized— and many folia Mallows do. Class 10. Diadf.lphia. Chester County. Polygala Senega Seneca snake LETTER XXIX,. root Medicine ‘ Gather up the fragments that nothing may be • Tri folium re- lost.” penS White clover Rural economy Trifolium pra- do. MISCELLANEOUS. tensis Red clover do. Robinia pseud- My DeaPv Brother, acacia Locust tree Rural cconomty Having now giving you a relation of the Class 17. Syxcenesia. principal events that have occurred in our | Leontodon tar¬ county, and furnished you with a short axacum Dandelion Medicine a n d sketch of the most prominent of our public | Prenanthes alba Rattle snake rural economy and private institutions, I purpose now to Aveed Medicine discontinue my series for a period, and after¬ I Liatris spicata Blue blazing wards to resume it with biographical no¬ star do. tices of some of the most distinguished char¬ I Eupatorium Thorough connatum stem do. acters that have been born or have flour¬ ished within the limits of our survey. It is |Cacalia atripli-Indian plan- now the season of general relaxation—the cifolia tain do. merchant forsakes His desk, the lawyer his •?/ office, the teacher dismisses his “brain dis¬ |Gnaplialium po-Life cverlast- tracting crew,” each seeking, an escape from lycephalum ing do. •" i:' ISolidago cana¬ the cares of business, and desirous of find¬ densis Golden rod do. ing some amusement with which he may I Achillea mille¬ contrive to pass agreeably, folium Yarrow do. -Momenta leonis iHelenium au- Cum semel accepit solem furibundus aeutum* tumnale Sneezcswort do. Alike unfriendly to study and to health— Class 18. Gynandkia. and I hope you will not refuse me the rea- ■ | Corail orhiza sonable indulgence which others claim.— hiemalis Adam & Eve Dom. economy You will hear from me again, probably, in | Aristoloehia scr-Virginia snake the latter part of August, or the beginning pent aria root Medicine of September. Class 19. Monoecia. By way of variety. I have concluded to fill ITypha latifolia Cattail Arts and dom. my sheet with extracts from my note book, economy which contains things which were lately1 | Comptonia a s ■ new to me, and possibly are still so to you. plenifolia Sweet Fern Medicine The facts I transcribe are from sources of I Moms rubra Mulberry Dom. and rural undoubted authenticity. economy The Quakers at Chester first grew uneasy I Quercus Alba White oak Med. & rural economy with the holding of Slaves, and laid an ex¬ Iq. tinctoria Black oak Arts mcd. and | pression of their feelings upon the subject, rural economy before the Yearly meetings at Philadelphia, Iq. palustris Swamp oak rural and rural] so early as the year 1725 or 30.—It was not. economy until many years after this, that slavery | Q. prinus Chestnut oak Arts and rural | economy was wholly abolished in the society. _ There is a place near the Brandywine, on [ Q. Montana ? Spanish oak Arts and rural | economy the farm ot Mr. Marshall, where there are | C'orvlus Ameri¬ yet a number of Indian graves, that the cana Hazlcnut Dom economy owner of the ground has never suffered to b.e I Fagus sylvatiea Beach Arts and dom ] violated. One of them,1 probably, a chiefs, | Castanea Ameri¬ economy I cana Chestnut Med. rural and . I is particularly distinguished by a head and dom. ccon. foot stone. Indian Hannah wished much to I Castanea pu- be buried in this ground. Had her choice been mila Chinqucpin Dom. economy regarded, one subject of Outalissa’s pathetic iBetulaleata Sweet birch do. tic complaint had not existed. ]Platanus occi- Arts and rural, dentalis Button wood economy The original Dunkars used jo. dress all a- ljuglans nigra Black Walnut Arts, dom. and like, and without hats. They covered then- rural econ. heads with the hoods of their coats, which I | Juglans einerea White walnut Med. and rural were a kind ot gray surtonts, like t hose of the I economy Dominican friars. Old persons now living, ICarya squamosa remember when forty or fifty ot them would Shell bark hick-Dom. economy ICarya tomen- ory come thus attired on a religious visit from I tosa White heart Arts and dom. Ephrata near Lancaster to Germantown, j hickory economy walking silently in Indian file, with long! I Arum triphyl- beards, also, girt about the waist, and hare-! lum Indian turnip Medicine footed, or with sandals, then, as they have I |Pinus canaden¬ ever been since, remarkably peaceably and sis Hemlock spruceRural economy J iPinus strohus White pine Arts, &c. correct in their manners and deportment. IPinus rigida Yellow pine do. The wages of the members of assembly! Class 20. IIioecia. were at first one shilling and sixpence per1 | Fraxinus Amer¬ diem They were afterwards raised to live icana White ash Arts and rural ; | shillings, at which they remained morel economy than half a century. . ; I Nvssa villosa Sour gum Arts, &c. “The Terms for teaching in Philadelphia in I Humulus lupu- Hop Med. and dom. early times, appear by the following extiact economy lus _ from the Journals of the council, viz. Tenth month 26tli, 1683. Enoch Bowen l-undertakes to teach schooft in the' town o Tax. The Court at Chester, in 1684, lor I |Philadelphia, on the following terms. the purpose of defraying the expense of the f To learn English four shillings by the 7 court house and prison, ordered that every I 1 quarter; to write, six shillings, by do. to land holder should pay after the rate of one I read, write and cast accounts,eight shirtings [shilling per hundred acres; every freeman] by the quarter; boarding a scholar, that is 1 between sixteen and sixty, one shilling, and J to say, diet, lodging, washing and schooling 'every servant three pence.—Non-resident [ten pounds for one whole year.” holders of land were required to pay one! shilling and sixpence per hundred acres. Proud, vol. 1, 345._ Old Records. Jeremy Collets made com¬ Since those days school has been taught in plaint against Edward Protherd, for abus¬ this county, for five pounds per quarter. ing and scolding his servant John SolifI1— Soul drivers. So was denominated a cer- T ! Ordered that Edward Protherd, do take I tern set of men that used to drive redeinp- home his servant, and allow him all things | tioners through the country, and dispose of needful,-and set the matter to right before |: . them to the farmers. They generally pur- next court". ; chased them in lots, consisting of fifty or 1686, Emanuel Grubb, who died in 1767, j i more, of captains of ships to7- whom' the re- was the first born of English parents in our I ; demptioners were bound for-three years ser¬ •|j county. Some of his descendants are still | vice, in payment for their passage ove? : living amongst us. ; But some of them, as M’Culloch, who usej A correspondent says, “I remember to Jto drive in this county, would go them¬ J have read of a great marvel on the Chester] selves to Europe, collect a drove, bring them ,,! road—-a tree which dropped blood !—It was I to the province, and retail them here . upon , ■ curiously attested. It shook and trembled j. ‘i the best terms they could procure, without ■ when no other trees moved. I met with an j the intervention of the whole sale .dealer, 4- account of it in an old Gazette, but I believe, ' The trade was pretty brisk for a while, but made no note of it. You may hear again of ; was at length broken up by the numbers ■ this phenomenon among the ancients of your] That ran away from the drivers.—The last ' ' county. Some natural reasons where sug¬ of the ignominious set that followed it, dis- f gested, I believe in Franklin’s paper for itsj ’ appeared about the year 1785. A_ story is appearing so.” 1 told of his having been rather tricked by The following oaths of a^legjaiice, .abjura¬ one of his herd. The fellow by a little man¬ tions and supremacy co’pierf'ffoin-the record, | agement ..contrived to be the last of the - will serve to spice my paper. flock that remained unsold, and traveled “ I, John Brestow, do sincerely promise| about with his master without companions. that I will be faithful and bear true allegi¬ •. One night they lodged at £t traven, and in ance to her Majesty, Queen Anne. So help] the morning the youny xeBp-y wjio was an me God. Irishman, rose early, soliMs master to the “I, John Brestow, do swear, that I do from . landlord, pocketed tlie: money ana -marched my heart, detest and objure, as impious! off. ' Previously, however, 't‘0;xH*s going, he aiid heretical, that damnable doctrine and' - used the precaution',-‘to-tell The purchaser, position, that princes excommunicated and?, that his . servant,.. although tolerably clever deprived by the-Pope, or any authority of| I in other respects, was rather saucy and a . the sea of Rome, may be deposed and mar- | little given to lying. That he had even dered by their subjects, or any other whatso¬ 'been presumptuous enough at times to _en- ever. And I do declare, that no foreign! | d envoi to pass for master, and that he might- prince, person, prelate, state or potentate, | possibly represent himself as such _ to him. | Hath, or ought to have any jurisdiction, su¬ By the thru mine host was undeceived, the periority, pre-eminence or authority, eclesi- 1 son of HRn had gained such a start as ren-i astical or spiritual within the realms of Eng¬ 1 derecLpursuit hopeless. These redemption-i land, or the dominions, or plantations] ..fere generally, and always properly I thereunto belonging. So help me God. ' in their presence by a, tripartite agree-, The Philadelphia and Lancaster turn- ■ pike road, which passes through this coun¬ Extract from the old Records. 10. mo. 1695. ty, being the first of the kind constructed in ] Robert Roman presented for practising geo- America, is particularly spoken of by my I manty, and divining by. & stick. Grand intelligent correspondent, Col. Thomas, of I jury also presented the following books, Westwhiteland. I extract from his letter, a j i viz :—Hudson's Temple of Wisdom which relation of the most interesting facts con¬ Teaches geomanty. Stott.s Discovery . of nected with its history. “In the year 1790] -Witchcraft, Cornelius Ag’rippa’s teaching or91, it was proposed and agreed in the] :j Negromancy. The court orders that as house of assembly, to employ surveyors to | ij many of the said books as cap be found be explore the grounds between Philadelphia] ' produced at next court. and Lancaster, and to take the ascents and E The Swedes had a churcji upon Tinicnm • | descents in different-routes with a view to) j Island, to which they came in canoes from ■ ascertain the most eligible tract for a turn¬ ’Newcastle, and places along the Delaware.! pike roadj and report to next session. A| ■ both above and below the Island.. They succeeding Legislature (after the adoption then went from place to place principally by 1 of a new constitution) proceeded to incorpo- . i water. There was a store at Darby which p .. rate a company to carry on the work. ..they often visited, and always in their When the books were opened for subscrip¬ I canoes though the distance by water was tion to the stock, the :mgferness Of appli¬ - twice that by land. cants was such, although- thirty dollars Bolting. The operation of bolting was : were required in advance, that the commis¬ performed anciently altogether by hand; sioners could not proceed, but were obliged j common mills not being furnished with the | ■ to close the doors -and windows against the requisite machinery, separate establish¬ : crowd that pressed upon them. The appli- ments were erected in Philadelphia for the : cants then had recourse to lots to determine express purpose. - - • ■ ■ who should have the liberty of subscribing Ancient fashions. A friend Writes- “my first.—Much pains was taken by the board ■ grandmother wore in winter, a black velvet of managers (Win. Bingham deceased, their .j mask with a silver mouth piece-.” Young [president,) to explore and mark out the - j men had their heads shaven and wore white j I best route. This, as now existing, passes B caps. In summer they, went without coats, 5 about thirty-six miles through Chester and - and bare-footed In striped trowsers. The! Delaware counties, and nearly seventeen '| old friends mostly wore wigs, along the Great Valley. This last part of .he track, though not in a direct line wirir tlxo rcsf) is very level and passes all streams B .u.n out woman at cnester who coulu re without the interference of ' surrounding member the lord Cornbury at that place hills. » and observing him with particular atten "The turnpike road, being the first es¬ tion, because lie was the Queen’s cousin and tablished in America, was very expensive,.] a lord, could find no difference between owing to the inexperience of the managers, J him & those she had been accustomed to and the backwardness of the people to un¬ see, but that he wore leather stockings. dertake, and vie with each other in making d , (Wm. Penn speaks of his leather stocking.) contracts. It cost about $1(34,000 for 62miles, [They were probably an ugly rarety. This including the expense of numerous bridges, 1 T had from a Lady. Lord Cornbury was laquducts, and the payment of damages. ; governor of Jersey in 1702. (The pavement is twenty-four feet wide, Richard Townsend in his epistle to eighteen inches thick in the middle and Friends—the same recorded by Penn, and twelve-at the sides, formed of hard stonesH the M. S, from which lie got the fact, is now beaten small. The cutting down of hills to ““ | laying before me—expressly says, he erected the limits of four degrees elevation, and the first mill 011 Chester creek, and then the levelling the platform, was very costly. one here in Germantown. The materials “The corporation has had at its head he imported from England. The iron vane nearly ever since its existence, Mr. Ellison (which once surmounted it, is still there, and Perot of Philadelphia. .Among the man¬ marked thus [Printers note, We have no agers, however there have been several means of giving the form of it ; but the let¬ .changes, owing to death and resignation.’’ ters are on the top W. P. in the middle S. C. The following are amotig the memoranda C. P. and underneath 1699.] furnished me by the politeness of Mr. Wat¬ 1739. George Whitefield preached at son. jChester, to about 7000 people. He was ac- The first monthly meeting of friends at Icompanied thither from Philadelphia by Chester to be found on record was held on about 150 men on horses, At Whiteclay the 10th day of the 11th month, 1681. in the creek he preached to 8000 people, of whom house of Robert Wade. It consisted of the 3000 were on horseback. friends of Chichester and Upland, or Ches- 1765. The first line of stage vessels and t‘r. These friends had meetings for wor¬ waggons from Philadelphia, via. Chester ship, at each other’s houses so long before (Christiana and French town to Baltimore, as the year 1675, in which Robert Wade and was formed ; one week passage. divers others, came over to places on the 1740. Dreadful severe winter. The Delaware river. country people found an abundance of per¬ At the monthly meeting at Chester, the ished deer. Deer would come in and eat 7th of 11th month, 1682, it was agreed that with the cattle. Squirrels and birds froze a meeting should be held for public worship !to death. every first day of the week at the court 1734. The hottest summer ever experi¬ house at Chester, and also that there should enced in the country. The harvest men be three meetings in the week, as follows I died in the fields. A multitude of birds The western part at Cliicpster, the fifth day were found dead. • olthe week, the middle meeting at Harrold, 1738 Gingseng is certainly discovered in at. the house of William Woodmanson, the our country, to wit, at a place on the Sus¬ fourth day of the week, agd the eastern meet¬ quehanna, in this province. ing at Ridley, at the house of John Sym- 1 Yours, &c. cock, the fifth day of the Week. It was also agreed that the monthly meeting for busi¬ ness should be held the first second day of 1 * The season when the furious sign of th the week, in every month, at the house of Lion receives the influence of the scorching1 Robert Wade, [Sun—A’iz., in July and August, In 1703 it was agreed to hold meetings for worship at Goshen from and after that time, at the house of David Jones, on the last first days of the 10th, 1st, 4th, and 7tli months, In 1682 meetings for worship were first settled at Darby, and a meeting house, soon atter built. Their'monthly meeting was, settled in 1684, till which time, they were joined to Chester meeting. In 1696 the monthly meeting at Chester held at the house of Thojuas Vernon, agreed that a meeting should b|,fettled every first and fourth days of the! Week at John Bo- water’s, another at Thomas Marshall’s, - jevery first and fifth day,another at Barthol¬ omew Coppeck’s every first and fourth day. Those meetings were called by the names of the person’s at whose houses they sat, and are now the respective large meetings of [Springfield, Providence and Middletown. HISTORY OF NEW GARDEN. The Nottingham meeting was first settled in 1701, at the house of James Brown who was himself a public friend of intelligent THE FIRST SETTLERS OF THE TOWN¬ mind. He lived to the year 1746, w hen lie! 1 died, aged 91 years, leaving a numerous off¬ SHIP AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. spring, Tinicum was spelt in an orignal paper, JACOB LINDLEY. uta; te nung Tenclio. Governor J. Prints, the Swede called it Newgottenburg, Schuylkil ! I have understood to be a. Dutch name, signifying Bidden creek or ri¬ ver. It was written Skxerkill. In Holms': map it is called Nattabueonck. Bf Another incident ne was wont to relate MUMEl— — - serves to further illustrate the bent of his Jac b and Hannah Lindley whose names mind in early life. Witnessing one of his i have frequently appeared in.the preceeding neighbors burning an old hub in order to «notes of New Harden and may be a factor liberate the iron which bound it, he drew a, I in many other matters connected with the lesson for himself and one applicable to history of the towaship yet to be recordec others. It seemed to him that as the fi e demands more than a mere passing notice. consumed the wood and grease in the hub He was a son of Jonathan and Deborah and liberated the iron that bound it, so 3 (Holliday) Lindley and was born in Lon¬ would the spirit of Truth consume all the don Grove township on the 18th of the 9th- impurities aud dross of his nature and f I month 1744. Jacob was a bright, naturally him from them if he would let the fire ' observing and active-mmded youth and Ins kindle and burn. These impressions made ' parents strove to give him a liberal educa¬ on Jacob’s mind were voiced by him to th tion. He was fond of sport though usually hub-burner, which so affected hidi that he careful not to exceed the bounds of his seemed from that time to be a »ligiouB knowledge of right and wrong,avoiding the man. Jacob when relating the story was latter but his exubeneut spirit sometimes wont to exclaim “Oh, oh, that there were overleaped these bounds The Indians some more old hubs to burn. were frequent visitors at the home of his About the thirtieth year of bis age tie ap- 1 parents. They were expert m the use ot .eared in the ministry . His cornmun^ the bow and arrows and Jacob became an tions were lively, he being gdted with the adept in their use also. We have a story spirit of the “Fnnce ot Feace, bore a 1 told of him that when about fifteen years o faithful and forcible testimony against war I aee, being in the orchard practising with fc the spirit of war and oppression ot every I his bow and arrow an old sow suddenly pre- | Kind. They were troublous times proceed I sented herself to his view and as suddenly I ing the American Revolution. He earnes y the thought came to him what a fine target, ulead for peace and cautioned Friends, es¬ and on the impulse of the moment the swift I pecially the young men, to watch agams arrow sped and deeply penetrated into the K delusive spirit of war, He bore. strong back of the animal and as quickly a sen testimony against the unnecessary use o . ' of wrong doing smote him. With some intoxicating drinks and in bmi thengb^ ^ | difficulty he was enabled to withdraw the the Alricau found a warm advocate. p arrow. He kept the matter quiet but watch- this time he seems to have remained in the I ed the outcome with much concern. nuuie of his childhood assisting his parents Soon after this occurrence he went from in the management of their large la'm. home to school and his family were greatly Hannah Lindley was a daughter ot James 11 I at a loss to tell why in all his letters written ■ home he should inquire “how the old sow aud Rebecca Miller, of New Garden, a br - ther of John Miller the early settler in the | was getting on.” It was not until his re- western part of the Toughkenamon Valley 1 turn home aud he was fully assured that all aud was born on the 22nd of the 5tb-montb IT was right with the swine that his secret x755 Her father died when she was quite young and she with her mother, Rebecca, "hm parents were reputable -members'*^ SI three sisters, Rachel Sarah and Jane the Society of Friends and with fbeir family survived him. Hannah seems to have bee very regular attendants of New Garden of an amiable disposition and as she grew meeting. Jacob became much interested in un was a great help to her mother and the meetings of Friends. He was fond sis.ers. While yet in her jouth she was if relating anecdotes having a moral and impressed that there was b“ » religious bearing, On one occasion be and ■ Hvine principle which it allowed to rule a young friend of his attended one ot their her HfeP wouldkeep her in the right way business meetings where an important pro¬ This guiding light she found sate to tollow position came under consideration and was tlnough prosperity and adversity. generally united with, when one Friend In 1775 she married William Miller C ), expressed that he had some acruples about a son of William Miller (2) son of John itsP adoption and in deference to these Miller the early settler above alluded to. scruples the matter was l»ft over. 4 lie two In 1778 William Miller (3) who had ample young men were together after the meeting ' acres in New Garden adjoining the farm of ,,nd were discussing the action and felt that Jonathan Lindley, in Londongrove town- the proposition should have been adopted Hied leaving a widow Hannah fiviu aud were treating the scruple of the Friend as a small matter to be allowed to hold the Ma-iy Miller to survive him. action of the meeting. In the corner of the War was in the laud aud Haunah had room unobserved by them sat a little wom¬ many trials. She bad a conscientious testi¬ an, an able minister who had heard their mony against war which she consistently 1 jonversation. She arose and thus addressed boreyby8 persistently refusing to pay the them, “Young men, I know that m the taxes levied upon her for its suppoi • gross' weight of the miller a scrnplers of was the subject of military andHawiless little account, but in the balance of the plunder until she was stnpped of much ^1 Sanctuary a Scruple is a Scruple- Jacob pondered over her remarks and received her personal property including atnck of horses, cattle, sheep and noto , them for the truth and took them prac- leaving0 her without the necessary means tieaTly into his life work. Ever steward wherewith to cultivate her land and p he said when he was inclined to make too vide for her own and children’s support. liaht of the opinions and actions of others from whom he differed in some respect, Once returning from a. visit4 her mother who died soon after, she saw at ner something warned him to look around | mill a team loading w'th n>eal a.K aaother see if there was not “A little Betty in a I | afc her barn loading wheatjn the shea corner,” to hear hirm _ -THIS ‘Wti l wrr ■ small children aud neuher father nor bro- ther to whom she could look for protection, HISTORY OF NEW GARDEN J she felt at times under mucii discourage¬ ment but she had learned to trust in the THE FIRST SETTLERS OF THE TOWN¬ right and the true on other occasions and - SHIP AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. she kept her faith in that same power and . ' it carried her through to better times. She 4 was frequently impressed to invite others to Joseph Newlin was a son of Nathaniel pat their trust in thst same arm of strength. and Anu (Harlan) Newlin and was born Jacob Lindley was then in his full vigor the 10th of the 2d-month 1785 near what is of manhood, conscientiously deploring war known as Leonard’s Mill in the township aud its consequent evils aud being himself of Kennett. His father died when he was a sufferer on account of his refusal to yield about five years of age, and Joseph was to its support in person or purse and being taken and brought up in the family of a neighbor of Hannah Miller he deeply Samuel Harlan a relative, a Friend and ' I • sympathized with her and frequently ren¬ worthy minister in the Society, who resid¬ dered her such aid as the circumstances of ed near the Old Kennett Meeting House times permitted- She duly appreciated Under the judicious training of Samuel andl these services and the sympathy became Elizabeth Harlan he grew up; at a properf mutual and soon ripened into a stronger age he was apprenticed to George McFar- bond. On the 14th of the llth-montb 1782 • lan of East Marlborough, with whom hel they were married in New Garden meeting learned the carpenter trade. A few years| house, he being in his 38th aud she in her; after he had completed his term of appren¬ 27th year of age. ticeship he married Sarah, a daughter of It was about this time that Jacob Lind- * wriiliam and Sarah Taggart. 1 hey resided) ley became a resident of New Garden town-1 in Kennett township for a short time, he| ship and assumed the management of his I working at bis chosen avocation, but being | wife’s large landed estate. a man of much energy as well as of ability Tbey jwere both approved ministers in he aspired to wider fields of usefulness. During the twenty-eight years that the Society of which they were members, Thompson and Sarah Parker resided in active in the administration of its discipline New Garden they had added two or more | but always in the spirit of Christian love small tracts of land to their first purchase aud restoration. They were often lead to of 200 acres. As already stated in a former visit other parts of the vineyard under an article they had sold and disposed of 150 j apprehension of duty on their own accounts acres a part thereof in 1799 unto Jacob Rex. as well as by appointments made in their In 1804 they sold a lot of 2 acres a part of meetings- their remaining holdings in New Garden The mill ou his wife’s property was unto William Wilson, and in 1807 to the small and not adapted to the manufacture last named another and larger lot and in of wheat flour. Jacob saw in the White the same year unto Aaron Gregg, a larger Clay Creek as it flowed from the old mill a lot. In 1812 they sold and conveyed unto latent power which could be utilized to run Joseph Newlin all the remaining parts of a mill of such capacity as the neighborhood real estate, being a messuage and about 63 was in need of and being a man of enter¬ acres of laud, the aggregate of three several prise and ability he set about the work. tracts, a part of their purchase from James He purchased from David Moore about aud Mary Jackson, of Jacob and Hannah 13 acres of land further down the road on Lindley, and of Thomas Wickersham and what was then known as the New London wife. At that time there were on the pre¬ road, together with the right of way through mises a well worn but comfortable log his other land for a bead race to tue lot dwelling and old log barn. The house was sold. On this land Jacob in 1790 erected a located upon low ground near the road. large three story stone building and equip¬ The water for family use had always been ped it with the best machinery known to carried from a spring an hundred or more that period for the manirfacture of good yards in the foreground and above which a flour. The race had been dug and a small large yellow poplar and an apple tree cast breast work across the creek on the Hannah their cooling shadows. Joseph did not Lindley property served to turn the water long rest satisfied with condition of things of the stream into it. The mill was put and soon had the water conveyed in a into successftl operation. Its location is in wooden trunk into a receptacle near the London Grove township on the road above door, thus saving much travel and luggage mentioned two or three hundred yards west of water pails. The other surroundings re¬ of the New Garden township line. Jacob ceived their much needed improvements. styled it the (Southampton Mill. In addition to this Joseph was a contractor Some of his friends admonished him that and builder. He employed a number of at sometime when the Miller and Lindley journeymen and apprentices. At that time interests might become less united this these worked by the day, not by the hour. complication of the water power might lead Apprentices were indentured for a term of to discord and contention, (years, taken into the family of their em¬ Jacob said “No, rather than it should I ployer, boarded, clothed and given each ^ill turn the mill into a malt house, ‘Man year a specified number of weeks’ schooling. Reposes but God disposes ’ Z During the season for working the custom was for the boss, journeymen and appren¬ tice to set out together carrying the neces- sarv tools on their backs, walk to the pla ^RSemen^to^ometime^ and perhaps even totally find security further toward the North Star. His wife and children were to ^nreuuiiC/U; wo ^ iSV0 D1116S, be looked after; his cow was to be sold and early morn until dusk, get their board and the family and money forwarded to “Ben’ lodging at the place of "their employment, if be did" not return. After the lapse of S£J;' v DDbthe latter sunsometimes - in the barn or other some days having satisfied himself that he r outbuildings. In his junior days Joseph •ot/ae not ia dsuager, “Hen” turned up again Newlin led his men, his word to them was, at his old home. He continued in the em¬ “come on boys.” At that period all the ploy of Joseph Newlin until the spring of larger timbers used in building were cut in 1847, when he purchased a small property the woods and hewn into shape by the in the township, on which he lived the re¬ carpenters. To be a fast and smooth “hew¬ maining part of his honorable and reputable er of wood” was a very desirable attain¬ life. ment, but all could not attain to that repu- The four daughters of Joseph and Sarah , tation. In this Joseph Newlin did excel Newlin were Mary Ann, Albina, Edith and most others. It was said of him that he Sarah. Mary Ann married Allen Gaw- ! never allowed himself to straighten his back throp. Neither of the others married, ; for rest after he had commenced on a log though they all lived beyond middle age. nntil he had gone down one side and up Edith and Sarah were school teachers of , the other, no matter how long the timber excellent ability and reputation. Edith, was. Thus Joseph Newlin prosperedin his now the only survivor of them, winters in business. In 1825 he had a kiln of brick vvt her pleasant home in Wilmington, Dela¬ made and burned in the meadow below his ware, and summers in a cozy cottage on dwelling, near the road, and with them he the sea shore, carefully looked after by her had a new and more modern mansion erect¬ nieces. Allen Gawthrop was a man of ed upon more elevated ground than the old much ability, energy and nobleness of char¬ one oceupied, and into it he, with his fam¬ acter, though not a resident of New Gar¬ ily. removed. As the second generation of den. He was by nature endowed with a dwellings succeeded the pioneer log cabins mechanical mind. Some mention had been they were generally located on more ele¬ made in the “Farmers’ Cabinet” of a pe¬ vated sites and further from the springs of culiar hydraulic engine, and Lea Pusey water. Then wells were sunk, from which (now of Yorklyn) conceived the idea of ap¬ the supply was drawn by means of a wind¬ plying the principle to the raising of water lass, rope and oaken bucket. “The old from springs to supply buildings on ele- oaken bucket, the iron bound bucket, the ’ f vated grounds. He put his idea into prao- moss covered bucket that hung in the ! tice and produced the hydraulic ram now well.” In shallow wells the sweep pole ' in such general use on farms throughout was substituted for the windlass. These the country. Having constructed one he arrangements gradually yielded to the su¬ •> t put it into operation on the farm of his premacy of the pump. Joseph Newlin’s brother-in-law, Lewis Thompson, of Mill new i welling had its well and pump near Creek hundred, Delaware. It served the the door, and pump making was added to purpose and soon became the talk and his other avocations. wonder of the neighborhood. Among those The old log mansion was a favorite home who were drawn to see it was Allen Gaw¬ for carpenters, as three out of the four next throp. He was pleased with it and saw it occupants were of that branch of mechanics, was appliable to the needs of many people to wit: Joshua Woodward, William Wood¬ \ in the country, and he at once turned his ward and Milton Johnson. A few years later the old house was taken down and such of the material as was suitable utilized attention to improving, manufacturing ana in the building of a new one, on a lot across putting them in. When the old log house the road, since sold to Joseph P. Chambers. was demolished the water was no longer Joseph and Sarah Newlin had four daugh¬ needed there, and Joseph Newlin was about ters and as many sons. In the summer of the first in New Garden to utilize the hy¬ 1832 three of the sons died of dysentery ■0', - draulic ram to take the place of the wells and in the following year the fourth one and pumps at his house and barn. was taken to his grave. Four stones, with In the winter of 1847 Joseph Newlin and names and dales, mark their resting place wife sold and conveyed their messuage and in New Garden Friends’ Burying Ground. land unto Mahlon Chambers, of the same The first tenant in the new house over township,GOWIISUIU, whowuu uauhad ******married T Elizabeth,. Ttt l a\ the road was Benjamin Ringold, who had daughter of Thomas and Phebe (Hobson) been in Joseph Newlin’s employ for several Lamborn, and there they took up their years, having previously lived in a log cab¬ residence Mahlon died in 1850 and the in nearby. Ben was born a slave in Mary¬ administrator of his estate soon after sold land, but had walked over the line into and conveyed his real estate unto Isaac Pennsylvania early in life. At one time he Larkin, who came with his family from went to his employer in great agitation to Delaware county and occupied it. consult him, his face almost white with Isaac Larkin (1) died in 1870 and his terror and distress. Word had been sent heirs a shorr time after granted the messu¬ him that his master’s aids were after him age and premises unto Phillips Chambers, and some other escaped slaves and that they a son of Mahlon above named, as a former would probably make an attempt soon to owner thereof. Phillips, who had married capture him. It was thought best that Ben Phebe, a daughter of Isaac Larkin (1),.re¬ should leave his home and remain in con sided upon the premises a few years and in 1873 conveyed their title therein unto | Dani n / * &

■ -VHW •* •

'4 _ I)^i!we'fa^iirin * uis Purchase about a year I The church’is of the Episcopal de¬ nomination and has been renovated and fixed up in the interior, but ?f«3E£S:wS edifice itself is left intact and is quite 0C“ “t(i’ aud being out of a home of tbdr a curiosity with its low roof and queer own were stopping for a vear in outside stairs ascending to the close little organ loft under the eaves of the Garden^Now^ St°re propert3' at New roof. tinued tn hnU beiDSseated again they con- A white stone in the gable end of death. Daniel the building bears the inscription A. survived him a little over a year anSh^1 D. 1717, making the old church 182 \ remains rest in New Garden cemete^ years old, almost two centuries. One of the features of the building estate -i that first strikes the eye of the strange] is that on entering the vestibule of the church you notice the stepping stone, Hannah E. Hallowell released airfhef and which is nothing less than a flat tomb¬ stone with the inscription still perfect; and inquiry elicited the fact that the (Thompson) Hallowell are nf fhzabeth edifice was erected directly among and and occupants. ’ are now lts 0WDe™ over the tombs of the dead buried on the site years ago But by far the most interesting feature of the grave yard adjoining the church is the simple monument j; & ssssr-svJ-S tt erected in honor of the deceased Gen.- eral spoken of before. It is a neat marble shaft about eight feet in height 2KX*.S&r~ T^™ and contains the following inscriD- tione. “Major General Anthony Wayne was born at Waynesborough, (now Waynesbur^) in Chester county, state of Pennsylvania A. D. 1745. After a life of honor and usefulness he died in and Sarah survived him .M In 1867> December 1796 at a military post on I Both lie interred in the wu -hree years- the shore of Lake Erie commandant in I Brandywine cemetery WllmiD«ton • chief of the Army of the United J J J * j > ' > y yjjn , , , !■ 8tates. Hie military achievements are consecrated in the history of his coun¬ a 0 try and in the hearts of his country¬ V. men—His remains are here depos¬ From, uO / *sxs:..^ / a/ ited.” On the other side is this inscription : “In honor of the distinguished mili¬ ft *rt y tary services of Major General An¬ AJdam. thony Wayne and as an affectionate tribute of respect to his memory, this stone was erected by his companions Date, /j in arms of the Pe nnsy lvania State So¬ ciety of Cincinnati, July 4tb, A. D., 1809—34th Anniversary of the Inde- j pendente of the United States of I America, an event which constitutes j the most appropriate Eulogium of an AT OLD ST DAVID’S American soldier and patriot.” AN INTERESTING STORY OP WAYNE’S Nearby the monument is a large row [ LAST RESTING PLAGE. of deceased Waynes, and tbe descen¬ dants of the family still continue to A Historical Spot Not Par from PUoenSxvilla bury in the family lot, an interment j Which Would Make a Good Afternoon’s being made there only recently, the j Drive. body being the wife of Wm. Wayne,of Some time ago business in the vi¬ Paoli, an ex-member of the State Leg¬ cinity of Wayne, on the line of the P. islature and a direct descendant of the & R. R. main line in Delaware county famous family. called two gentlemen of this place to There is a romantic story connected that locality and while there they with the burial of Wayne at St. made a pilgrimage to that historic old David’s. After his death at Erie he edifice, St. David’s Church, and the was buried there, and the body re¬ ancient grave yard adjoining, that con¬ mained there several years until one tains the remains of that gallant gen¬ of his sons determined to bring his eral of Revolutionary fame, General father’s remains East. This was be- ' Anthony Wayne, familiarly known as fore the time of railroads and it was "Mad Antnony.” quite an undertaking, but the young man drove to Erie in a sulky and se^ .An~ L/v— — ,1_*»

l Jrove township auu oi w rrour wc .. onug buo uunes t>i lac uead general, 1 occasion hereafter to make further note. packed them in a small box, strapped (From William and Katharine (Miller them nnder the seat of;hi3 vehicle, and I Jackson the title to the messuage aud laud made the return journey and buried j was passed to their son James Jackson. the precious bones in their present James and Hannah (Miller) Jackson in resting place. — 1771 sold and conveyed the same messuage Another curious coincidence Con¬ and 200 acres of land unto Thompson 1 ar- nected with Wayne is, that Wayne ker who held possession for twenty-eight cbunty is the most northeastern. vears. He was one of Jacob Lindley s Wayne, Delaware county, where the friends; for many years he had the care of deceased is buried is the most south¬ ! New Garden meeting house. I rior to 1 / JO eastern. Brie, where he died, is in the it warmed (?) in winter from a fireplace in most northwestern part of the State, each end of the house. The fireplace in and Waynesburg, the county seat of tbe north end was done away with and a Green county, is in the southwestern a stove introduced when the addition was part of the State. Thus he is remem¬ made to the house in that year. bered in the four different sections of Under the exhaustive sys'em of tillage Pennsylvania by this singular arrange¬ then pursued lands that bad been naturally ment. productive become less so. Thompson The old church and quaint grave Parker’s land was no exception to that law yard at St. David’s is a very interest¬ of nature and he became somewhat reduced ing spot and well worth a visit at any iu his circumstances. In 1799 he and bis time, and in the pleasant summer wife Sarah sold 150 acres of the southern weather the shady retreat la the Mecca part of their laud unto Jacob Rex In a of many curious pleasure seekers who short time after Jacob and Mary Rex dis¬ visit the hallowed spot, and carry posed of 105 acres, a part thereof unto Wil¬ away pleasant memories of their so¬ liam Bailey. In 1813 William and Rachel journ UDder the old cedars that shade Bailey conveyed their holding of lOo acres the low shingled church and the abode of land unto Benjamin Martin. He and of the dead. I his wife occupied the premises for twenty- one years during which time a family of children grew up arouDd them Iu 1831 it was purchased by William Moore who ‘filSTORY OF NEW GARDEN had been a prosperous carpenter who lived I and owned a small property on the turn¬ THE FIRST SETTLERS OF THE TOWN¬ pike Dear what is uow knowu as the Lyceum House New Garden township. The Martin SHIP AND THEIR DESCENDANTS. family removed to Downingtown, where the youngest son Benjamin (2) recently died having attained to a good old age. In 1714 William Penn (3): by his at- The Downingtown Archive of the 3rd ot Jtorneys conveyed unto Joseph Sharp a tract 12th mouth 1898 made mentiou of him |of 200 acres of laud lying on the east side thus- “Yesterday afternoon about two ‘;of the graut to Thomas Garnet and south of o’clock our venerable friend and neighbor Mary Rowland’sdaud, adjoining both. Iu Benjamin Martin, of East Cain, died very less than one year after this purchase Joseph suddenly at the office of Dr. Edward Kerr, land Mary (Pyle) Sharp conveyed this 200 in our borough. Mr. Martin with bis son acres of laud unto Richard Tranter. Joseph William bad started to v.sit their farm in I Sharp had other land in tte township to Uwchlan township. After passing tnrough ; which they removed. town aud starting out 'Vallace Avenue rhe Richard Tranter in 1716 brought from old gentleman complained of feeling sick Concord a certificate to Newark meeting and William at once turned the horse to¬ recommending him to the care of Friends. ward home taking Armour alley as a con¬ He seemed Dot to have remained long under venient aud quick way to turn around $the care of Newark meeting for in the same Just as the vehicle passed tbe Archive of¬ ijyear he and bis-wife Eliz&heth sold their fice coming on to Lancaster avenue bis messuage aud 200 acres of land unto Joseph father was prostrated by a paryletic stroke. -Wiley aud flitted to their other possessions Mr J Hunter Wills passing by turned the ' in the northwestern part of the the town¬ horse and the limp unconscious form was ship. Joseph Wiley had married a daugh¬ carried into Dr. Kerr’s office where m a ter of Thomas Light-foot and the two fami¬ few moments he breathed his last. lies had come from Ireland at the same Benjamin Martin (2) was born in New time. Garden township where he resided until he After holding possession for six years, had grown into his first teens, was a school¬ -Joseph and Abigial Wiley transferred the mate with tbe compiler of these sketches, title to their land unt-o Michael Light- went with his parents when they removed foot. He had come from Ireland in Uwchlan and later to the farm in East Gain 1712 and held possessions adjoining this on where his after life was spent. He was an the south. He held the title until 1738 at active member and very regular attender - which time John Hutton became the pur¬ of Friends meeting at Uwchlan, died in the chaser. For fourteen years he held posses- 78th year of his age aud on the 6th ot tie -sion then he and his wife Sarah conveyed 12th monlh 1898 his remains were laid to the same messuage and 200 acres upland rest in the North wood cemetery. unto William Jackson, who was a son of William aud Ann (Miller) Moore wit i Isaac and Ann (Evans) Jackson of Loudon rHe continued the carpentering business j 13 acres of tie southern part olE^the Joan ] along with his farming operations. In the 1 Pratt, land png on the « ha(l a later part of the summer of 1835 dyseutary prevailed in the family aud William and “new road.” 0« ’ erected and three of the children fell victims to the i UetMhetSce0ofaretidence for himself disease. The sickness in ea.b case was made it the place or 1866 the and family fbr man} J ‘ L , £ which severe and of short duration, the second child dying before the first had heen in¬ terred. The widow Ann and two oldest daughters Sarah Jane and Mary Ann Moore escaped the sickness and the girls grew up to womanhood and married. Sarah Jane married Jacob Worth and Mary Ann, Samuel Wilson son of Samuel Wilson, of New Garden. After the marriage of Samuel Wilson (2) with Mary Ann Moore, Sarah Jane Worth released unto them all her in¬ terest in what was her fa’her’s real estate and they became the owners of the 105 acres subject to ti e widow’s dower theieln. Samuel Wilson (2) died in 1855 and Mary Ann soon after. The messuage aud | ren.

about 95 acres of the land passed from their ‘ - heirs soon after unto John Pratt of Dela¬ ware county. He with his wife Celina FAMOUS m (Thomas) Pratt and family occupied the premises until his decease in 1890. The CHRISTIE SANDERSON CONTRIBUTES AN widow and heirs held the real estate until INTERESTING ARTICLE. the spring of 1895 when the other heirs re¬ Men Wbo Have Lived Witliin a Radius of Ten leased unto Frank Pratt the present owner —Miles of Phoenlxville—Many Facts and occupaut. / and Figures. In the early part of the century a road was laid out from the cross roads near the ' The following article was written by Friends meeting house in New Garden east¬ Christie Sanderson, of Mont Clare, ward on the line between the lands of Isaac who is now ft student ftfc the Weso and Thomas Richards sold to the heirs of Chester State Normal school: John Reason, now held by John Brown, If you stop and think for a while passing the colored people’s meeting house when yon have little on your mind, in the southern part of Kennett township. I wonder how many great men you This road, long known as the 1 ‘new road”, could count who have lived within a cut off from the Benjamin Martin land a radius of ten miles of Phoenixville ? corner of one or more acres. Sometime in One noted historian says that Trappe the thirties this lot was purchased by Levi has produced more men who have won Hood who built a bouse and resided there honors in the past, than any other until his decease about 1870. He was a town in the world. colored man, a preacher aud presided over Below I will give a short biography the congregation that met in the house in of persons who have lived within a Kennett above alluded to. He was a man radius of the said number of miles. of sound morals, strict integrity of purpose, First, I think,shou’d come the found¬ with dignity and fidelity for his own and er of the Lutheran church in America. the present aud future good of those ne pre¬ Rev. Henry Muhlenberger—Rev. sided over. It was said of him that he Muhlenberger was born in Elmbeck, could not read or write but that his mem¬ Hanover, September 6, 1711. In 1738 ory was so good that having heard read he he graduated from the University of could repeat almost any text in the old or Gottingen, arrived at Philadelphia new Testament and give the reference to it. Nov. 25, 1742, and become pastor of His was the A. M. E. church. Nelson three churches in this country, one at Wiggins has charge of the congregation Philadelphia, one at Providence and following Levi Hood. one at New Hanover. These people hold their Quarterly meet¬ He first preached at Trappe on Dec. ings in different places, coming to this 26; and was married to Anna Maria, place once in each year, about the daughter of the famous Indian inter¬ time of oats harvest. i'be religious preter Col. Weiser. and well inclined portion of them He built Trappe church in 1743 and come from Wilmington and other places was overseer of the Lutheran churches and conduct their meetings and themselves in Pennsylvania, New York and New reputably. Forty years ago these meetings Jersey. On May 27, 1784 the Univer¬ were made occasions for the assembling sity of Pennsylvania conferred on of large numbers of unprincipaled whites Father Muhlenberger the title of aDd blacks of the country around and Doctor of Sacred Theology. He died bullies from a distance and with a few October 7, 1787 and was buried at speak easies in the suburbs had a good (?) Trappe beside the church he loved and time outside in which was much fighting cherished. ., and other lawless and disreputable con¬ General Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg- duct. Times have changed, may we not General Muhlenberg, eldest son of Father Muhlenberg, was born at hope for the better. i ■* “_■«n An-— J — — 4>- -V In 1759 Edward Logan purchased about m

and built an oFservatory in Nornton a^Cfctmer^^ iti«S,,"\rAa eoragfea .lie, Germany, and was ordained township Here he discovered the minister in 1768; was stationed at transit of Venus across the sun’s disk rginia in 1776 and it was here he de- on July 3, 1769; he died July 26, 1796. xvered his powerful sermon on “Duties A fine marble shaft called the Ritten¬ to Country.” He there raised a com¬ house meridian stone was erected by pany of volunteers which fought in the the Montgomery County. Centennial War of the Revolution. He became association. The lettering on it is as Brigadier General which he remained follows : throughout the war. In 1776 he was On the east face— elected vice president of Pennsylvania David Rittenhouse, and re-elected; he served in the lst,3rd, Eminent Astronomer and 4th and 5th Congress; in 1797 was a Mathematician, member of the State Assembly; in 1801 Born April 8, 1732, was U. S. Senator from Pennsylvania, Died June 26, 1796. on April 22nd, 1800, became Major North face— General of Pennsylvania, which he He calculated and observed held seven years and from 1803 to 1807 the transit of Venus at his he served as collector of the port of home in Norriton 1769. Philadelphia. He died October 1, 1807, leaving two sons, Peter, a major West face— in the War of 1812 and Francis, a Erected by the Montgom¬ representative in Congress. A few ery County Centennial years ago General Muhlenberg’s statue Association. was placed in the National Gallery at South face— Washington as Pennsylvania’s most 1784 1884. distinguished soldier. Gottlieb Henry Ernest Muhlenberg- David Todd—Among the earliest Gottlieb Muhlenberg, third son of settlers of these parts was David Todd, Father Muhlenberg, was born at who settled at Mont Clair. His de¬ Trappe, Nov. 17th, 1763. He accom¬ scendants are still living in Upper panied his two brothers to Halle, Ger¬ Providence township, one of whom many, when nine years of age. When occupied the position of Secretary of he returned in 1770 he became pastor War under President Arthur, namely of the Lutheran church in Philadel¬ Robert Todd Lincoln. phia. While in thie country he devot¬ John James Audubon—The greatest of American naturalists lived within ed all his time to botany and became* one of tbe greatest American botan¬ four miles of this town, namely, ists. He died in 1816 and was buried at John James Audubon. For many Trappe. years he lived at Mill Grove, now Bishop William White—Bishop IWetherills’ Corner, along the Perkio- White was born in Philadelphia, March men near Shannonville. He was born 26, 1748. He officiated at s St. James May 4, 1780, near New Orleans. At Episcopal church, at Evansburg. The minute book, No, 2, of the Parish the age of 10 he was sent to Paris to reccords that Slator Clay was con¬ study drawing, and returning at the firmed by this great personage in 1787. age of 18 settled at Mill Grove. It was He died in Philadelphia, July 17th, here that lje first conceived the idea of 1836, aged 86 years. He was called the writing “Birds of America.” father of the American church. There stiill may be seen along the General Francis Swain—General Perkiomen the cave in which he killed Swain was sheriff of Montgomery county from 1787 to 1790; was the first | his first bird, namely, a phoebe. He was for many years a clerk at the cop¬ president of the Montgomery county per mines, which are still worked at bank, and was a general in the Revo¬ Shannonville. lutionary War. Judge Samuel Pennypacker—Judge Governor Shunk—Francis Shank Pennypaoker was born and raised at was born at Trapps August 7,1788. His Moore Hall. At an early age he parents were poor so be was com¬ studied law. He has written a fine pelled to support himself. In 1829 he history called “Phoenixville and was appointed as clerk of the canal Vicinity.” He is now a Judge of the commission of Pennsylvania. In 1838 Philadelphia courts. he was elected secretary of state under William Moore was born at "Phila¬ Governor Porter, In 1844 he was delphia in 1699, and graduated at the elected Governor and re-elected in University of, Oxford at England. He 1848, but resigned on account of ill lived tho life of an English ^gentleman health. He died July 2, 1848 and was surrounded by his slaves and dogs buried in the Lutheran church yard at in the palace on the Schuylkill, one Trappe. A handsome, marble monu¬ half a mile south of this town. His ment has been erected to bis memory. slaves were thrown in prison for writ¬ It stands in tbe grave yard at Trappe. David Rittenhouse—David Ritten- ing against the Assembly. Thomas McKean was born at New house, the great astronomer and Garden and was one of the signers of mathematician, was born April 8, 1732. He came to America at aa^grlv ape the Declaration of Independence^ - - General Anthony Wayne—Anthony Koceru jones rsuraette was born at Wayne, a patriot and a leader of the Greenboro, Pa., in 1844 He was ed¬ rebels, full of executive power and of ucated at the Peoria High School, bravery, was of medium size. Peoria, Illinois. He served as a priv¬ It is said when Washington and his ate soldier during the Civil war in officers would hold a council, Wayne 1868 He became night editor of the would ait in one corner of the room Peoria “Daily Transcript” in 1875. He reading. After all had expressed their joined the staff of the Burlington, Iowa, opinions, Washington would ask “Hawbeye,” and made that paper by Wayne and his reply would be fight his famous articles. He has since be¬ sir! When he captured Stoney Point come a popular lecturer, his best he captured many Hessians who writings are “The Rise and Fall of shouted no quarter but Paoli. He the Moustache,” “Hawbeyes,” a bur¬ spared their lives. After the Revolu¬ lesque on the “Life of Billy Penn” and tionary War he was employed by the his “Inach Gardens.” He now resides government as scout against the at Berwyn, Chester County. Indians. He is a native of Easttown Peter F. Rothermel was born at township, Chester County. The Penn Limerick, Montgomery county, in Society, of Cincinnati, e rected a mon¬ 1817; first studied land surveying and ument to his memory in 1809 He then painting; first began painting died December 18, 1796 at Presque portraits in 1840. He made a conti¬ Island on the shores of Lake Erie. In nental tour in 1856—1857; during this the meantime his son Colonel Isaac time he painted St. Agnes now at St. Wayne brought the bones home in a Petersburg. His best known paintings gig where they now rest at St. David’s are Patrick Henry before the House of Church, Radnor. From this he is often Bourgeoisie, De Soto discovering the termed the man with two graves. Mississippi, Christian Martyrs in the Dr. Isaac Hays—He was born at Doe Colosseum, Columbus before Isabella Run, Chester county, in 1832. From and Battle of Gettysburg which is now 1853 to 1855 he accompanied Dr. Crane in the Capitol at Washington. He died to the;Arctic‘Ocean. In 1862 he an in 1895 at Limerick Square. expedition and was the first man to Thomas Hovenden—He was born in reach a point 480 miles from the North County Cork, Ireland, in 1840, first at¬ Pole. He was a major in the Civil tended the Cork School of Design. He War. file lives at New York. came to New York in 1863 and studied Benjamin West—Between Swarth- pointing in the National Academy till more College and the station stands 1879 when he sailed for Paris and re¬ the old West mansion, in which Ben¬ mained there till 1880 when he came jamin West, the great painter was back to United States. His most fam¬ born in 1738. At an early age he went ous paintings are “Dat Possum,” to Europe to study painting and soon “Pleasant News,” “Pride of the Old >ame a favorite painter of George Folks,” “In Hoc Signo Vinces, “Last He is buried at St. Paul’s';.Oathe- Moments of John Brown.” and his •al. masterpiece, which took first prize at Thomas Buchanan Read—On the the World’s Fair, “Breaking Home igh grounds of East Bradford, in sight Ties. Before this picture during the ’ the Blue hills of Uwchland, was fair thousands stood weeping every ,ised Thomas Buchanan Read. At an day He spent the last years of his u-ly age he traveled in England, life at Plymouth, Montgomery couuty, ■ance and Italy. He was an artist just ontside of Norristown. He was ,nd poet. His great masterpiece is killed in 1895 at Plymouth while trying Jheridan’s Ride.” He died in New to save a child from in front of a loco¬ ork City in 1872, and was buried at motive. Rothermel and he died ex¬ ■aurel Hill cemetery, Philadelphia. actly at the same minute. It thus Bayard Taylor was born in Kennett seams strange that two persons so quare and when a boy was fond of close in friendship and so fine with Jimbing the trees on his father’s farm, their work should depart their lives at north of Kennett Square, to see more exactly the same time of the world. When a mere boy he John T. Hartranft was born in New was in the “Village Record” office at Hanover, Montgomery county, in West Chester. He also ran the “Inde¬ 1830, attended the Marshall and Union pendent” office in PhoenixviUe for a jCol eges, studied law till 1861 when he number of years. When _ still quite raised the 4th Pa. Vol., raised the 51st young he walked to Baltimore with Pa. and accompanied General Bum- $140 in bis pocket and set sail for Eu¬ side to North Carolina, fought in the rope. He traveled in Lapland, Africa Spain, Russia, Htaly, India, Palestine aDd Denmark. The result of this tour battle of Campbell’s Station in Ken- was “Views Afoot,” of which 1000 tucky a 1 was with Sherman in Miss- copies were sold the first week. His issippi n'e was made a Brigadier Gen- story of Kennett is a story of Chester eral in II io4 was Governor of Pennsyl- county life- His principle poem is vania fr ,m 2872 to 1876, commander of “Lars.” He died in Berlin in 1878, a N. G. in 1883, died in 1889 and is U. S. Minister to Germany. He is buried Norristown. _ >uriep at Kennett Square. — 60

General WISfield ScotbUancocK town Boarding School. Out 6? the mid¬ lands of England came the Mellor fam- born in ' Montgomery Square idl 1824, I ":v qod when we were at meeting1 at St. wT 1° the United Miljtery Martin s Bane, in .London, in 1889, some Academy at the age of 16. At an eariy ot the friends from Leeds inquired for tnem. If such an opinionated body as the age was West fighting Indians and i resbyterians united again, v/hy can- mth Scott during the Mexican War, not the Friends do likewise? There is also went against the Semmoles;^|as the old Black Horse Inn, a house of en¬ tertainment for man and beast. The nn the Galif >mia coast in ’61 came mac canvass covered wagon was the agency and was in the battles of Williamsport ot internal commerce, and Bbtanist Hum¬ FriS Farm and Antintam phrey Marshall stood by the roadside at Marshallton awaiting the packages of seeds and plants which some wagoner 5°,re to him from the Captain of a Phila¬ be ted hi. men tbrongb the beaemat delphia packet, who had brought it from foreign lands. The sight of Deborah’s S?,»e^"%8men Kock always recalls the fact that its name was in honor of Deborah Taylor and any Indian maiden who ever jumo- “d da“V UetTysburg 13mad? c. ■ tTfi.!c\was as duaint as his architecture. Who. has a copy of this wonderful book? William says his father had seen the work and described some of its features to him. This is the region of some of the Carpenter family. Uncle Jerry Carpenter - , speaks for the Lancaster county and Juniata Valley folks, while Colonel Fran¬ cis Carpenter Hooton recalls the Pennsyl¬ vania and the Jersey stocks whom he says are not “Zimmerman” Carpenters. Down into the vale of Broad Run my wife and I go. Joshua. G. Embree is a m ?ood farmer. One day the great English < painter, Turner, was at work in his '’.tAu!°\,,wh?n one ot his visitors said, Oh! Mr. Turner, what do you use in nixing- your colors?” The reply was .Brains! Joshua uses that mixture in is operations, and so does John Thorn- ury and some of the rest of the neigh- .’ - /> -°rs. We follow the Brandywine down H. Pennypacker o-Northbrook and cross it there, and fC. .hence to the State Road, not far from he plantation of Edwin James,! the At Nature’s Shrine. •ounger. What a glorious mother that Pt>- ,’oy had! I remember one of her lifelong :nends, speaking of Aunt Sidney, used a He Tells of His p Taken Into the yeiy expressive expression in referring Country Distr „.S on Last First to her, when he said she was “an awful .nice woman.” Day and What He Saw and THE OLD MINE HOUSE. Felt While on His By “the Mine House” to Ruth Webb’s Way. neighborhood and at Sister Maggie’s, at Toot First-dav was clear, crisp &n(^- eleven o’clock. I have promised to over- delicious. The ozone-laden breezes blew ray note books and documents and across from the Welsh Mountains tell the story of the old Mine House and Cliff Williams’ steed adjusted to a bu=gj, I must do it. Time is the important fac¬ tor in the case. Some of my friends doubt marked Francis H. Gheenrhlif a?ni™ai means of transportation. This the wisdom of these twice told tales should be called "Ormtheus to1 1e about homespun facts and folks. If I can get the boys and girls of my native seemed to sight every. lane,, ®Va md -^ve county to adopt a plain style in writing every store and each «'0bfe and “cus fi and speaking- the English language, and indication of wishing to have a ^ the I • ^ t'fivnrnhle DQints. Just below ine avoio a stilted method in which the ad¬ slaughter houses the first miilc wagon jective murders the substantive, and use was met, on its way to the only continu^- a little garnishment of sprightly humor,I ous creamery in Chester cou y. shall feel amply repaid for my labor. Joseph Pyle and his wife Maggie were days claim it, and for ^“nJa in fine fettle,” and there was never a and his associate canCsnatc^®rsnf Rlafk no rest. We skirt the banks of Black lull m the conversation. Sister Josephine Horse Run and to our right is^sorne of and her daughter,Genevieve,came in from the good land m which fuirows nave ■Church. In my travels by land and by been turned for almost two c,enturi,; llever before met a girl who want Some of the Copes spelled it Coupe ed to study Greek. The more I portray Kiri. jLhaJ-. was before* the^ days*qi wesi eu the difficulties the more eager she was to learn the most beautiful and most expressive language of all time. Stinson, the Principal of Martin demw must be the right sort of a t er. Cooking is one of the fine airrerr Europe" conquered France, but in a few months every royal kitchen in -- _ „ „ u«unHRR| Europe was in the control of a Gaelic .VHAT they talked about. cook. There is a beautiful specimen now in A DREAM OP MEAD. bloom of the “Rhododendron Catawba- Emma Bingham, daughter of Oliver ensis,” and a magnolia, whose flower Bingham, was the artist, and better roast has the odor of the banana. We talked beet' (with all the proper adjuncts which of old times and new; of the new the¬ make life worth the living) was never ologies and the old superstitions; of the served. The asparagus was a marsh¬ new ideas and discoveries along the mallow dream from Willowdale. The pathway of material science; how news¬ strawberries were some of the best out¬ papers and magazines have, multiplied, put of “the carnation belt.” No wonder until the extended treatise has been the train stops twice at ICennett Square. crowded to one side. Then the conver¬ I he nonconformists of England and Scot¬ sation turned to Sabbath tastes and ob¬ land sought Pennsylvania as a haven of servances. All the assemblage at rest. Job Ruston was one of these emi¬ Friends’ Meeting that morning number¬ grants and he was the founder of Pagg’s ed twelve, and at Josephine Rakestraw’s Manor Church. He was a captain in the I Willowdale Chapel that afternoon there Trench and Indian War and his lands) ' were perhaps twenty. My Uncle, Elijah were in sight of the point where EIkviow! F. Pennypaeker, was once asked if he Station now stands. His daughter, Sally, believed in a free gospel ministry. He married Doctor Samuel Kennedy, whose' replied “Yes. for much of the preaching burial place, in the Charlestown Presby¬ is worth nothing, and ought to be free.” terian Graveyard, is marked bv a suit-* The Greeks had opinions as to the in¬ able monument.'At Fagg’s Manor, Mary spirational power of the souis which Job Ruston’s first wife, has the follow- 4 ing epitaph: have gone before us to the other side, and it is comforting to think how the “Here lieth the body of Mary,wife of Jol Ruston, thoughts of these loved ones become our Who died the 19th of June, 1757, aged 3 thoughts and the unseen is the eternal. years. This is the view entertained by Minot J. She bore unto him in 22 years twelv Savage and many strong thinkers of this children. day. A thought can neither be weighed nor touched, and yet it is a powerful The dame that lieth underneath this tomb, factor in the world’s history. Thus the Had Rachel’s face and Leah's fruitfu womb, Abigail’s wisdom, Lydia's open heart, interchange o suggeestion continued un¬ With Martha’s care and Mary’s bettei til tea was announced, and a sprightly part.” girl of 15. Lydia Seal Pyle., was the cup Maggie Pyle is a scion of the Kenned; bearer. Thomas has been unusually stock, while I am a descendant of Jo„ fortunate in securing efficient and con¬ Ruston. Doctor Samuel Kennedy’s son. genial service about his premises. Aftei Thomas Ruston Kennedy, was the own¬ semper Thomas showed me the Gnpm er of the Chester Springs property at the pamphlet, compiled and Panted by Jacob beginning of the century, whence he and MinshaU Painter, at Lima, Delaware went to Crawford county, Pennsylvania. countv. Pa., more than forty years ago These old Presbyterians were thorough Some friends from the neighborhood breds. They did not have to study scienc came in to speak the cheering word.and to understand Christianity. they had something else to talk about At four o’clock we had turned “the Unicorn” corner and were on our -way to beside the diseases of the race. , Unionville. President Grant once start¬ After awhile the moon shone through led the world with the remark tha the trees and the two French boys brought our steed to the door and the “Agriculture is the groundwork of out good-byes were said. It was too late to nation.” These fields look as if they need¬ stop at the Edwin James Home (where ed some ground work. There are to the lamp light streamed across the toad) many weeds. Afterwhile we may have and see some antique furniture, which dandelion belt as well as a carrot belt is the delight of its owner That invita¬ Give lofty thinking a rest and try lowly tion will have to be honored anothei daj. grubbing! Tn a half hour we greeted our dear friend, Thomas F. Seal. At 77 he is SOME SCHOOLDAY REMINISCENCES looking at the bright side of life, and Olof Stromberg Bates’ place looked enjoys the social intercourse with his well. It is fixed up and shows both in¬ friends. When the late Jesse Baily was dustry and care. When Sanford Culver canvassing for subscribers to Smith’s was hearing Annie (Jefferis). Cai’ver and History. of Delaware County he found some of the rest of us recite m the school more Gilpin blood in Birmingham town¬ V house on Barnard street Olof was a ship Delaware county, than in any other scholar. “Bygones was also in evidence section. It was and is sturdy stock. -on the front bench. Stephen Baker » locust trees flecked the roads with shad THE HOME OF HTS HOST. ows The brick house in the woods re¬ In 1718 Hannah Gilpin married William called “slavery days,” when ’ Bragg-Hill Seal, and Doctor Seal was the grandson shook with the denunciations of Whigs of this union, and I had the pleasure of and Abolitionists, whose hides could be seeing his tickets to University of Penn-\ ' discerned in a lanyard Seeds bridge was sylvania lectures, issued by Doctors as dark as a pocket. Was it not a Biad Physlck—YVistar and othets in the Win-! ford School Director who exclaimed ter of 1805-6. Our host had been at’ when criticised about the appointment of Unionville Friends’ Meeting, in the a certain teacher. ”1 seen my duty and morning, with his delegation of little I done it9” (Eiwood Harvey Darlington is folks, and of course Uncle Jacob Harvey not alluded to). Over in that meadow it is was one of the Friends who sat the si-' alleged, that a genuine rattlesnake was lent hour. Uncle Jacob was one of the killed three years ago. What was the fa¬ vorite tipple of the murderer was not best County Superintendents Chester stated. The fusion lights along the State County ever had. That office requires road were all out. The lights of the a good stock of common sense, and the West Chester Club blinked upon High old man had it. The grounds about street at ten o’clock. Friend Seal’s mansion interested me THE STORY OF ONE DAY. greatly. Here is a choice collection of trees and shrubs arranged and planted This is the story of one day in the country. It is told to show that from the by William Saunders, of the Smithson¬ people and from their surroundings we ian Institute. I should like to give a mav glean much to occupy the mind. If catalogue and description of this choice we‘a re in touch with nature’s work the arboretum, but that pleasant task, like science of healing by faith or the Chris¬ the story of the Mine House, and the tian harmony of prayers and pills may story of George Little’s encounter with not concern us. Good air, good thoughts, predatory fishermen, is consigned to the good company and good food mixed In fimbo of “some day.” eoual proportions constitute the elixir , of fife.” Those who believe that the cure of disease is the proof of religion can* * hive ail the material they want for the _ o,->niipafion of mental mustard plasters._ \L. 62 ■ EWT r:™7 w W.P-' The old is- copying this ••'old county! land of our fath- morning is by John Spruce, ry skies seem bluer than else- Administrator ichard Thomas, Jr., of Whiteland tov hip) Chester county, rrees far greener, and a tenderer to William Beale. It is dated January ] 26th, 1742. That was before the new On rteymoss-covered rocks where moon- style of recounting time from January The! faulkf'(an 1 Oio'ee there are) that | 1st was in vogue, hence January is spok- | en of as the 11th month. The new year A thousand'virtues balance and efface began in March. The language of the Thou hast kept well the plain and honest deed is “This, Twenty-sixth day of And^homely wisdom of thy early day, ' Eleventh month, called January, in the Weld evermore thy Courts of justice pure year of our Lord, one thousand, seven And, slow ii( step, yet made thy piogre9s hundred, forty and two.” The deed con¬ veys 267 acres of land in Whiteland town¬ LessUshowy than thy neighbors, not less ship, which at that time included all of No wrong h. thee with shame thy people what is now East and Wrest Whiteland townships. The 267 acres conveyed was And °whUe grass grows and while the part of an original tract of 5,000 acres granted by William Penn to the ancestor Where’er their' wandering footsteps fall, of the Thomas family. This family has Living, "thy champions true and staunch numerous descendants in Chester county and some pf them living in the same And'dying, turn their fondest thoughts to neighborhood yet. J. Preston Thomas, tVlPP1 __ CKAS. H. I'K N'NYPACKKR. J Director of the Poor and candidate for re-election is one of them. The William Beale, to whom the land was conveyed, was a great grandfather . LAST OF AN OLD MILL of the late Horace Beale, of Parkesburg, and a great, great grandfather of Wil¬ It Supplied Washington’s Men With liam Whitaker, who was busy copying f

THE OLD SCHOOL MASTER, ^A.dJv/A j At that time, fifty years ago, ! Eusebius Barnard taught school in the old house on the meeting house lot. Ihe school house, meeting house, and some sheds for horses were the Date, . only buildings on the hill. The school fund property, William Robinson's lot, , - the lots in the village, the field north of ' the village, down nearly to the creek, a i part of Baily’s, west of the road, more than one-half of the graveyard, with the lots south of, it, were all covered with heavy timber. The road that now passes through the | Well Oc- village had not then been laid out. The - cur whole scenery around the meeting house 43 This morning was was that of a thick forest, presenting on I a cloudy day quite a gloomy appearance. F copying an Otd del rfr !.e Recorder’s -« - —-*• it was just the place for a superstitious f Office, that has some 'historic interest. mind to feel a shudder of dread, as thev Mr. Whitaker is the man who has been were compelled to pass it in the dim , engaged in tracing the history of the shades of twilight, and many were the t’j Whitaker family in Chester county, pre¬ palpitating hearts that with quickened steps hurried through the gloomy place. paratory to making formal claim to the the grave yard was of about one-half principal and interest on a bond given its present size. The stone walls and by the1 British Government to John sheds were not. The meeting house itself Whitaker, for money loaned by him to was then but a modern affair, having: been erected in the year 1S01. said government, about the time of the Revolutionary W • r1 g - The soh°°l house stood near the lower «n«°* ‘he meeting house lot* it was a under■Snr’iC nre',^'1 feet square; ceTlared * • much may suffice for the exerciser under, a well with a pump was near the in the school room. exercises •loor, lofty trees of chestnut oak and When eleven o’clock on Fourth-day unh/rnif °Ut th« noonday sun. North morning came round, as it usually did I of the road, opposite the school house. wic on mjuuoi nouse, a week, the announcement was " in almost impassable thicket of dog heard, La\ by your books and make wood, alder, green briar and ferns, inter” ready for meeting.” After a few moments . persed with beautiful honeysuckle and of silence, the whole school was arranged flowering plants. Here, in the early m pairs, a larger taking charge* of smaller scholars, and a line of march, hand in tR T.&.bl?feTu,rpS hand was taken to the meeting house Seated within its walls let us for a few siattr c,w,o"“‘ minutes take a survey of the scene and boilse^11 *Tmi;suT things outsMe the school endeavor to realize the picture as pre¬ as you entered the door sented fifty years ago. u e I>ie !ln ?e wght hand or southeast corner of the house, on a raised platform, stood the A GROUP OF BOYS teacher s desk and seat. Opposite the °n Ahro,:*I,rr par':’ n,ext 'the partition, door on the north side of the house were Fnlh Wiie?tllj Benjamin Mason, flntiSC1^es Platforms, rising above each Enoch Wickersham, James Pyle and Abraham Marshall. Next below s',t ' I There with desks and seats IhJ?re ^ also a seat and desk on the Joseph Barnard, Peter Wickersham, ’wil- j j east and another on the west side of the nan. Wickersham, Caleb Wickersham room In the centre stood the stovesur- theh?[slpBaTharCl' °ATthe opposite side of IJ the aisle, Thomas Martin, David Chal- scholars b>’ l0W benches for tlle smaller an^’wnfiam DinS'ee’ ^orris Mendenhall ' rive's aatC0,/h,-fl0IT11ing' 2n January we ar- apP 1 m ,^.1!en- On the lower spat : F:\fS at thls. oI<1 school house. The next the partition sat William Windle rw£*'1er was tust turning his key in the rhomas Wickersham, Cyrus Barnard’ door lock, and admitted us into the ores John Pyle, Isaac Pierce and William Em- ence of a cold (not a coal) stove. AsPfriel biee- Opposite, on lower seat, were James tion matches “as yet were not,’’ flint and Gawthrop, Goodwin ChalfkntS j b nm’ght1 ^ ‘1 n^er box and brimstone, were Jo5n Valentine. B. Parker I. and Dr. Thomas Seal. On first seat facing | the gallery and next partition were WiJ- •S3! .SiSPtJS W“e °f «“ *• ham Commons, Abner Chalfant, Benja- I andm d CharlesCh?rie ^Buffington;SmyIe’ Jr ” next,Isaac BaileyJerry I . Barnard t|0l,d y?u that Eusebius -rearoaict tv as the teacher. Tt would hyw® lsha, Barnard, Amos Barnart Caleb Wickersham, Jr., Jacob Wav next’ to'Tme $?Inffire Jilbcult at this late day i IVrne those who were present a'q Bjjihard M. Barnard, Eusebius Barnard’ scholars on that morning-fifty year” a so Elisha Gatchel, Caleb Pennock, Jr., Simon I will however, mention them as fa? as J Cffind’ Jn?fi M’ Barnarcl and William present recollections mav enable me- J. Cloud. On the seats back from there There were David and William C half ant' m various order, Enoch Wickersham Jr iivrenii00^ Marshall, Jacob and William O/™? Barnard, Samuel Martin? George Mendenhall, Osborn Entriken John Val Martm. Thomas Martin. Simon Martifi Milton Marshall, Pennock Marshall and Flnvd’ Thh0mas,ir Qllhw’ Washington others^ On the opposite side of the aisle ' Caleb’ TT ,sf Jlfercer- Janies Pollock, .^-aieo temple,™ Thomas Temple, Cyrus and about the stove John Monks Samuel Barnard, Emma Jenkins, and he who Sellers, Jonathan Sellers, \Viliiam A thus recalls these recollections of^ve Cloud, and occasionally many others not olden times. This list probably contains mentioned of the Society. It is not to be undei stood that all of them were present occasion"6’^?,/ °f those Present on that occasion. The names of the remainder on Fourth-days. On First-days. MPegteflv have shared the fate of many other things tantt?mJ.rnew"?,ytattention in those di«~ U was not uncom- I heVn lf??, ,' t0 Femember one half at tne end of a halt century, may perhaps be tTonedffilhei? s-ea^f Part °f those men‘ some evidence of a memory not entirely [ the worst in the world. ly (-J,ie, benlS'nant countenance of e=i±m®nno-,c;lc_Yas.a Wing crown to • Tho , DOWN TO WORK. hfse®!bJy' P^njamin iMaineCmlghtt0ha\'e cises of dem8' warmed «P the exer¬ m 6n a-s t?e Personification of some cises of the day commenced. First was heard a class in grammar; next book plation 1“n?Cihnt t,n3e,s’” raP‘ In contem- Comly s—next the Senior Class ip reading l ie p0rjcl unseen.” On most hCa i? hacl a lew words of ex¬ being either the Sequel or English reade?’ hortation for the assembly, urging upon The class thus heard then took an exer- them the duties of holiness ami a i?re thU \n wyittlne\. The Junior Class was paration for the life to come! £ Pre' ”ieaiour permission, on the present or ™'i2S tot,S,1,!3:r,e SdriTo""1X; nefiiih’ tskl ,a Utile excursion Ground ?he schools of that period with those of the neighbor hood and see what is being done by some, of those to whom we have been present day. There is a remark, how- Jn‘i’r0(I'!ced at the Meeting House e\ir, I will make in regard to the school readers. After forty years’ experience 1 We y-ill first take a look from the bank with a great variety of readers I have : nor i1 2* ‘j’6 bousC- The prospect was come to the deliberate conclusion that much shut in by heavy timber on the east taking into account the whole influence ?lf c °t the. road extending down nearly -,“ ?e creek; also, a considerable wav ot ,pcn0.°l reading, in forming purity of down on the west side st\le, anij high amount of sentiment I ---- have never found a series- of readers nos tta n"”M„?irwf excellence Reader imfeaua) ■fntrodu

On the Eve of Celebrating Its Cen Ce4emfeawadayrrbeafoyre this expedition left Chester, notice of its ^.ject^wj tennial as a Borough. communicated by som mjmy. plished fact until 1786, when on the and they on their part agreed to • ‘28th of November of that year the first don their design and to retu™ Court was held at the new county seat. to their homes. The cannon, whic '"H”" '-nrr~, xsm - -~vsme- been pointed against the walls, turned in another direction and fil / 65 / “Colonel Hannum then directed his j men to leave the Court-house, and hav- — - ,f; ‘ ■ At the census of 1790 West Chester ;n

EOf the remainder, while none of them rose to prominence m public affairs, they were all good, substantial citizens, the present Burgess, C. Wesley Talbot, be¬ ing a member of the bar. Of the whole twelve were lawyers, two physicians, ' ;• d two journalists, three conveyancers and Portion the* thT ee merchants. Jefferson Thaner serv¬ ed the longest number of terms—ten consecutively. Rev. Ehrenveller, the Rev¬ olutionary soldier, served ten years alto¬ .is gether, but at various periods. ass?? „« 6 ™ has turned out many Wh lyf “ S2S uons added to the original tinues to cater to the _STEPS IN Kepmmcan ---frfflVlensts 0f Chest »n who attained eminence in public rfairs, besides those mentioned above. Cnwwi’ wndor command of Lieutena; Bayard Taylor, the noted poet, author, u j Evans; and as he entered We„v cand diplomat; ex-Chief Justice 10 n^r he ,MsA"r\eted by a crowd of ttTj tbe >Pr??le Court of Pennsylvania U^r0p,e-i At the Court House the Edward h,. Paxson, and former United Geneial was tendered a complimentary estates District Judge William Butler dinner and oh behalf of the people he were apprentice boys together in the Clellan ?°,Td C°loneI J°U Mc- office of the old Village Record, in those terms r.GSP°ndrag in happy days run by Henry S. Evans, one of old sii At the conclusion of the dinner Simon Cameron’s right-hand men. Oth- favett1eeSTWere r-made by General La- i who attained eminence may be men¬ Amlers'nn1 Gre?n?’ Captain William tioned. Colonel John Hannum and Col- Anderson, General John W. Cunnine- 1 onel Joseph McClellan, who were com¬ ham, Ziba Pyle, Brigadier Generfl manding officers in the Revolutionary Joseph Evans, Dr. William Darlington war; General Isaac D. Bernard, a dis¬ Lewis McLane. of Delaware; Abraham tinguished soldier in the 1812 war and Ba.ley and Joseph S. Lewis, of the City United States Senator from Pennsyl¬ Councils of Philadelphia. Lafayette vania; ^Townsend Haines, Judge of the PvleCamfthA,ht V* *the yesidence of Ziba Court and Register of the United States fif e and the next morning left for Hum- Treasury at Washington; Nimrod Strick¬ phreysville, where he had an engage¬ land, Associate Justice, Register of the ment to breakfast with Major John FU- Treasury, Canal Commissioner and keeper of the Eastern Penitentiary; John famous for good schools. Hickman, 'a distinguished member of Congress; P. Frazer Smith, reporter of the Supreme Court; Charles Minor, edi¬ tor and member of Congress: Francis JAines, lawyer and Congressman; Isaac Darlington, jurist; J. Smith Fristrey jurist and historian; Washington Town¬ send, lawyer, financier and member of ties that she became eaasrliest Congress; R. Emmet Monaghan, law¬ yer; Charlton T. Lewis, lawyer, who notecTteacher^as^Jonathan^Gause. He will deliver the centennial oration; ATweZ Chester Academy^on Gay James B.^ Everhart, noted traveler, poet 1 'nngr^.'. - T~>i- \\ ; 1 lie m wards became8 a cffiebrated.lawyeU and

min M. Everhart, botanists; William a rhfstoryG oT George Washington in | W. Jefferis and Charles H. Pennynack- er, mineralogists; Dr. William D/Hart¬ County who man, a noted authority on conchology; afterwards were distinguished mffiw, Dr. Joseph T. Rostrock. botanist and noliUcs and medicine, were pupds at this , State Forestry Commissioner; Major , L. G. McCauley, Auditor General of Pennsylvania; Dr. Jesse C. Green, cele- nrated as an autograph collector, and Philip; P- Sharpless, the oldest living ilisSHiS' native of West Chester, whose collection of Indian relics is said to be the finest in the country.

LAFAYETTE’S VISIT. imssmm One of the most interesting events in the history of West Chester was the re¬ ception to General Lafayette on his visit 'sfsfftsl,„y popnlar and 'Sj.min to the town on Monday, July 2G, 1825. The gallant Frenchman was met at m’SerVtha Society of Ghadd’s Ford by the committees of Ches- and united in hrs P«ct with tjj6 world- * ter and Delaware Counties, headed by their respective chairmen, Colonel r^dom wd ^X^oSd" Miss the experienced man of th^^ Hughes Joseph McClellan and Captain William Anderson. At this place, also, Major- Ed?;ia H B Jacobs were also the General Isiiac D. Barnard and his aides, Colonel Leiper and Daniel Backwalter, attended by Brigadier Generals Evans S EMfSS* 0. edn. and Stanley and their aides in full uni¬ form, also the Chester County troop of “Kpublk school. cavalry, commanded by Lieutenant Jones, and the Delaware County troop of Cavalry, commanded by Captain Van- MSa“ays YrotHbe^f .S leer, the^ whole under the command of Major Wilson, were in waiting to escort of educational dev®1°8°^00i which was the General over the battleground of the The State Normal School, ^^ches. Brandywine and afterward to West Chester. the residuary leSate ‘ Yery successful At Darlington’s woods, about one mile ter Acftd€iny» * the liend ot from town, the cavalcade was joined by in its efforts, ConMOnwealtk- the First Regiment of Chester County 5“'S«'?qnO‘ Si Franklin Taylor, For, \ olunteers, commanded by Colonel Dar¬ Ju-ci A Alle? and Dr. El-^Cb ’ lington; the Chester County Union Vol¬ started a normal school in■ ss|gt£ unteer Battalion, commanded bv Lieu¬ Sr Frank Crosby was an tenant Colonel McDowell, and the _—wc wove Jackson ‘Volunteer Battalion, com¬ -mop JoppsT pau iiooh puoairi manded. by Major Morton, the whole e.ig nousoj ibod JO U.WO-PIlBU comprising seventeen companies of vol¬ OOT4 ‘^aBdaion joddc't uan unteers, On the approach of Lafayette absolute of thirteen guns was fired by the wall thete' when i woncea Tnerc. ifncT Mary Grover, oldest sister of Sarah * M Lewis, told me that that was the site 6f the old log church—German Luth¬ UhJoOi/-. 1 eran. The old logs were used bv Rudolph Huzzard in building his house where *£._ kk- I John Quigley now lives. The old farmers around then clubbed together ] and built the present school house. Date , 44/ i ifm They furnished the mason work and cut the timber in the woods. John J Pugh, of Radnor, father of Edwin, old William Siter, of Radnor, father of Edward, Robert Kennedly, of Unicorn, HISTORICAL NOTES. r Radnor, Jacob Huzzard, of Quigley’s Reminiscences of the neighborhood place, and I think Robert Grover, all of Strafford and Wayne, in early part of Tredyffrin. When I went to school of the last century, by Charles Moore, there in 1836, the benches were just of Berwyn, Chester county, Pa. first cut off the logs with the bark on, I was born?Oct. 22, 1826. I went to oak, and the windows were slid in > Old Eagle Hchool when I was ten place as at blacksmith’s shops without | years old. The house then faced west shutters. They'allowed then to hold I towards the road. The door was in about thirty scholars. An old wood that side, and had a very small win¬ stove heated the place for which we dow on north side of door. The door cut the wood with grubbing hoe, etc. was a double one with a string latch They kept two or three hickory rods and wooden bolt like a barn, which we hung up near his desk by the old fastened by a crooked piece of iron chimney. When he spat on his hands through a' hole. I remember old An¬ we had to look out. We called old drew Garden whose initials were cut Adam Siter who was lame in one arm in the side of the wall near the door. and one leg old “Stepand go fetch it.” He dressed in heavy military boots Other teachers were John Hutchin¬ with a cutaway coat and heavy soft son, Alice Lewis. It stood idle for a hat turned up on one side with an while when the roof got bad and an I eagle in it. He was an Irishman, and Irishman named John (or Charlie) had been a fifer in the Revolution and Boyd got in and lived there with his ! got $90 a year pension. He and his wife and two children for about two J wife lived near Colket’s place on old years, till roof got too bad. He was a Gulf Road; she used to drink. Her simple squatter. maiden name was Hannah McDowell. There was only one large window in i Her father kept a liquor store in south gable end on side present door is, ! Philadelphia. She called her husband the sash slid past each other on inside i “master.” Their house was approached so as to leave the rough seat of the - by long stone steps from the road and window outs.de. Captain John Mere¬ once she fell down and broke her neck. dith had the contract to make the j In October of 1836, he fell from an ap¬ alterations enlarging the house to its ! ple tree where he had beeu picking, present shape about 1838. with bag around his neck, and lay for I remember the cellar wall of an old some time, and doctor said it was a log house on opposite side of road op-! stroke. He lived only about three days posite to graveyard. McGringans I and was buried at Great Valley formerly lived there. I was told they Baptist Church. I remember this per¬ were buried in the old graveyard and fectly, although there is no tombstone. were ancestors of old George Bittle’s He was a member there. She was wife Annie. buried there too. Other early teachers were Brin ton I remember a wall near where the Evans, And red Garden (who cut his Valley Baptist church schools are now, name over the door) Adam Siter, and which was said to mark the old James Boyle (nicknamedschoolmaster Revolutionary church which was Ehrens.) The walls of the old house burned while soldiers were at Valley were pointed. __ Forge, and Andrew was buried near 1 that wall. ft,- v ■■■ ryfaiJuM The old log church at the Eagle I--- •School was said to stand right in front *'wfaA MU of the present door on southeast side, There used to be a little remnant of a |P| ,i - Ti. unr1- - J - L ■ • i

covered with a nice rag carpet, W>ven *» one of those Venetian patterns in tv men ihe Chester county weavers extol, ana though it has been down nine yearsi t shows no sign of wear. I he walls Jmt, i From, h•" . been freshly caloimined, and the sngm ly bluish tint harmonizes with the un¬ painted woodwork. Instead of shades, the windows have new inside Winds, inc %*tUkl*b£^ appearance of the house, is attractive [ within and without. , This meeting has one hundred and forty-three members according to the census that has just been taken, and has I Bate, .ii'AleeJ^jd.:... about held its own during the last ten years, some, thirty members hawm'lkeen taken in during that time, ^he atten¬ dance on First-day mornings ranges trom fifty to a hundred. The only minister here is Martin Maloney, and his simple, kind¬ ly life is even more eloquent than h s spoken words. The first-day School is CHURCH IS 150 YEARS OLD. in session from the Fourth to the Twelfth month inclusive, and muen in¬ Brownback’s Reformed Congregation, In terest is manifested. Most of the children Chester County, Organized in 1750. come in time for meeting, and most of Ohe hundred and fifty years ago that the meeting Friends take part m the part of East Coventry township, Chester First-day School. .. , ... .. On the day that the writer visited the county, known as Brownback’s Corner, meeting there was a conference in the was settled by the Germans, and among afternoon, under the care, of the Philan¬ the number was Garrett Brownback, who thropic Committee. The meeting house donated the ground for a church and was well filled, and much interest was cemetery. The church is known as ^hown. Mar 3' Heald was tne principal speaker; she gave a Brownback’s Reformed Church. exposition of our relations and duties to The first church, which was completed our neighbors. Several others spoke in January, 1750, was built of logs and briefly, and the result was a strengthen- was used till 1800, when a stone church ins: of many for future work. The correspondent of this meeting is was erected. Ellwood Michener. Although he has al¬ In 1S79 the present church was Tsuilt^ most entirely lost his eyesight, so that he The congregation has completed arrange¬ can neither read nor write, he keeps up ments to celebrate the sesqui-centef&ial. his interest in all that is going on, and with the aid of others’ eyes is searching old records and gathering material bear¬ ing upon the early history of the town¬ An Old Friends’ ship and meeting. His unrepining indus¬ try is a lesson to those who neglect to Meeting House. make good use of all the senses with which God has blessed them. _ London Grove meeting house is said to Tbe One at New Garden, Chester Coun¬ be the largest within the limits of the ty, Wljere Old-Time Simplicity yearly meeting, outside of Philadelphia. Continues to Hold Sway. One end of it was built in the olden time. This is the property of the momh|» meet- ing, though it is also claimed b» friends 4 LOCAL CHAPTER 0? INTEREST. of the other branch. This end is divided bv a partition, as the monthly meeting The Friends’ Intelligencer has the fol- formerly met in separate session. As there was no large house m the quartei ,0TheSmwnship of is was agreed that the quarterly meet¬ ter county, W'4g ongma } william ing should enlarge this house, and that .It should always meet here. Accordingly Stealing, Folflder of our Com- an addition was made as large as tne original house. "When the house is ail thrown open there are two raised parti¬ tions, and the whole is warmed by six S&V v»ln«S-sO stoves. The upstairs gallery is broad, S^^oFrnncis and extends the full length of the house, Hobson, is now held by a persm . tWjf but not across the ends. . . The Friends’ school house stands HU®1 same Hobtom widow of across the road. It is a two-story brick is owned by Phoebe descendant ot Nathan, who was a lmcal building, and the school has been for Nathan, wno was a imeai uescem. several years in charge of Jane P. ±tu=n more and an assistant. The pupils at¬ tend mid-week meetings, are gen¬ erally silent, as there is n as” >(,. triee«l the growth of rt Tigious thought tr .mf 'o lnvs of Moses and the Israelites, down ThrouVh the days of Garrett Brownback, who donated the to the present time, and made a strong ground for a church and cemetery. The plea for greater spirituality in the So¬ church'is known as Brownback s Ke- rt tv of Friends and a more constant1U imanifestation of religion in the every■y- \ l°The'firs? church, which was completed life. Another Frwnd plead for arere- in January, 1750, was built of logs and ligion of service rather than sacrificice, | was used till 1S00, when a stone church |and a life not of self-abasement; but ot "in Tup1"the present church was built. ! Se]n The0second meeting, in addition to The congregation has completed arrange¬ the routine business, there was a report ments to celebrate the sesqui-centemnial. of the Committee on Temperance and Other Philanthropic Work, and m con¬ ;.**»*• * nection therewith the following letter ' was submitted, which was approved, di¬ rected to be signed by the clerks, and I forwarded to its destination through } V / Margaret Dye Ellis: # \ “To ’William McKinley, the President of From, V ‘tW.MA .... K the United States: . . _ . J Hi, “Western Quarterly Meeting of 1 riencls, assembled at London Grove, First month I 1000 hereby respectfully petition thee ... H to ’issue an order abolishing the army »• ! canteen, in accordance with the spmt of the law enacted at the last session of ■ Pnii2prPSS ' , i As”in other neighborhoods, the Friends Date, |! here are active participants pn Teachers and Farmers’ Institutes, farmers clubs, etc, and are active in works of reform. There is no licensed house in London GriGrove township but there is a «ood tcm- perance house at Avondale, thu^mracti- HISTORICAL NOTES. callv refuting the argument tW there f is^ . % »•_in rvrrlpv tfl flC- 1 mimist be licensed houses in order to ac¬ Rel,Liui^nces of the neighborhood commodate the traveling public. E. L. J coi of StraB*oyd a“ 1 Wayne, in early part of the last century, by John Nilds ot Tredyffrin. „ 'f I was born February 16, 1821, at the house on the old Cooke place, in 1 let \-1 From,, . -I tti-iu then owned by Joseph Ridgway, kM * f // /- A | and have known the Old Eagle School property nearly all my life. 1 attended .v.' . a ■ school there from the time I was about FJ z /frr 1 six years old until J left school, except i Date, V..“ J — w ". during a period between about 1< j and lb43 when the old school house at j Eagle became so dilapidated that it j was closed and the scholars went to , CHURCH IS 150 YEARS OLD. the Carr school house, now khowu as Mt. Pleasant Chapel. The old school Brownback’s Reformed Congrega¬ house faced westwardiy towards the tion, in Chester County, Organ¬ present public road, the door and two ized in 1750. windows were on that side; two other Special Despatch to “The Press.” windows in the east side and two or Spring City, Feb. 6.—One hundred and three on south side, and a blank wall fifty years ago that part of East Cov¬ entry Township, Chester County, known on north side. The building looked ’ as Brownback’s Corner, was settled by substantially like the pen and ink 1 the Germans, and among the number was ^drawings from which was made the "cut appearing last Fall m the bu- ’ bubban of \\ ayne. The approach to the door was over a bank winch was walled up on south side so as to retain 1 it from interfering with the doorway to the little cellar, where we cut and i stored wood; the outside walls were pointed. There were no big trees about the school house then, and the graveyard and yard was also clear. I don’t specially remember the laud ot door but it was usual at that tune to have’ double doors swinging from side to side. The building was very small, accommodating about thirty or thirty- live scholars. The master's desk was by the tireplace and the scholars uesl- 11 were arranged around the side of tl building, facing the walls, the litt won fan who otten stayed at Aunt ones back o'f'trrese, nearer me stove. Polly’s, said when she used to live Old Adam Siter used to walk between with Sharra ton’s in the house which these rows with the switch or bij-ch stood near Wentworth’s dam, she often under his arm, and would come up be¬ brought milk over to Nannie George hind the scholars often and give them who then lived in the house on that a cut. Once he oaught me as I was lot across the road. leaning over, and hit me a cruel cut, Polly Huzzard told me that Nannie saying, “A bird that can sing, and George had willed the lot to the Eagle won’t, must be made to, Johnny.” church and school property. I sup¬ That was a sample ol the style of pose that at first title to the school education at that time. William j property only extended to the public Simpson and Adam Siter were two road, and that afterwards under that teachers. Adam was paralyzed on George will, the claim of title was ex¬ one side. The addition to south side tended across the road to the “Huz¬ of the building and opening of door in zard line.” that end was made about 1844. Widow Davis named in old deeds of Andrew Gardner was one of the old Wentworth land as a boundary must teachers there before my time, but I be the widow who lived between roads remember seeing him. He was re¬ just above Burrough’s house. I re¬ ported to have been a soldier in the member her when I was a boy. The devolution, and was a member of the old road past the school house was Valley Baptist church. His wife called the Valley road leading to the drank and gave him a great deal of Quaker meeting. The road which trouble. I remember the story of her • now branches off at Burroughs’ house setting him to churn buttermilk after was called “Dr. Harris’ road,” because she had sold the butter. He was a | about 1818 Dr. Harris had the road rough looking old man but considered (which used to wander around and a good man. come out about Robert Pechin’s spring) I have heard my aunt, Mary Huz- straightened so as to run where it zard, wife of Rudolph Huzzard, my does now. Wentworth’s woods was father’s sister, speak of an old church open ground until about the time Jos. which she said stood northwest of the Kennedy died, and roads were often school house in the old graveyard. I temporarily opened through it; but understood that it was a Dutch Re¬ Kennedy’s son-in-law cut off most of formed or Lutheran church. Old Rose- the timber and fenced it in after anua Huzzard, widow of Jacob, whose Joseph’s death, and John Meredith got maiden name was Augee, was reported ] out letters of administration upon his to have constantly walked to that estate, and had George Hartman, the old church from a distance of live surveyor, run a new survey, and j miles. Aunt Mary showed me joist j established the present lines about | logs in Quigley’s house where she 1844. The southwest line of the old then lived which she said were taken school property was formerly some from the old church. One log was a four perches (about seventy feet); broad oak running from above the southwestof its present location. ( front Window. I don’t know why the school house succeeded the church, Om- Building Bureau and Its liesults. | except that the old attendants of the Charles Francis Wood of Wayne has j church moved away and the building- issued a pamphlet entitled “The First fell into a ruinous condition, and the [ Epistle of Charles to the Congress of remaining residents thought best to the United States of America,” in erect a building which could better which he calls the attention of the serve as a school and meeting house senators and representatives to the together. The walls on north and east manner and methods pursued by the side of graveyard were of comparatively government in the execution of its recent construction by Elijah Wilds building contracts. As a result of his and Samuel Lewis, but the other walls exenence, he assets, “without fear of of the graveyard were there as early as I successful contradiction, that there can remember, and flat marble stones does not exist anywhere a better ex¬ were on top of east wall; the wooden ample of ‘how not to do it’ than these coping was added much later. same methods, and the proof of this 1 remember a cellar in lot across the assertion can be found in almost every public road, and a good deal of wall city in the United States where the there. Aunt Mary Huzzard said that government lfas ever put up a build- Nannie George lived there at one time, | ing.” / and old Betsy Reed, an old tramp ,■ -:m r ' After relating the story of his own treatment at the hands of the Build¬ ing Bureau, Mr. Wood goes on to say : “That the organization of this bureau is notoriously defective now, and that it always has been, evidenced not only by its accomplishments in the way of a never ending succession of blunders and delays, growing out of the changes made necessary to cover up the stupid¬ ity with which its work is planned, hut it is also the subject of adverse! criticism from almost every newspaper | that ever dignities it enough to notice I it at all. Is it not notorious, when an august Senator of the United States declares on the floor of the Senate that ‘no such mismanagement has ever taken place in any other department of the Government,’ and when he states that one of the chief employes of this bureau would not be allowed to remain in his private employ for five minutes? And yet, is the public busi¬ ness any less important than that of private individuals, and can it be car¬ ried on successfully for years by agents who are so outrageously unfit that they would not be tolerated, even for j‘

a few moments, in private employ-I . ment? Are not these facts well known, when Congress, during debates which include discussion of this organization, indulges in criticisms far more caustic

* I than anything I can possibly say? Yet this organized inefficiency con¬ tinues its foul existence, apparently, because there is no one of those who suffer by it who dares to brave the dis¬ pleasure of a few petty officials, by strenuously declaring the truth, by | entering vigorous protest against the i wrongs committed in the name of the J Government, and by continuing these protests until the higher officials, who ! have the power, shall remedy the j abuses. “There is no limit to the story. It j was the same yesterday; it is the same to-day; it will he the same forever, and, like Tennyson’s ‘Brook,’ it will go dowu through the ages, only in¬ creasing in the volume of its expendi¬ tures, and in the number of its disas¬ trous results, unless-Congress in its wisdom shall wipe out the whole of its defective arrangement and institute iu its place a bureau on a more modern basis, having at the head a man of such broad training, wide experience arid eminent attainments as shall lit hirh to organize and administer th public business in the manner in whi • - a private enterprise of equal maghi- » i Utiide would be conducted.” i m

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