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Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 5, Issue, 06, pp.1494-1497, June, 2013

ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE

AN ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS OF DYE EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

1,*Marimuthu, T., 2,3Rajendran, S. and 4Manivannan, M.

1Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, , , 2Corrosion Research Centre, PG and Research Department of Chemistry, GTN Arts College, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India 3Department of Chemistry, RVS School of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India 4Department of Chemistry, Chettinad College of Engineering and Technology, , Tamil Nadu, India

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: In this study, inlet and outlet of two effluent water samples were taken from effluent treatment plant in Balammalpuram, Karur, Tamilnadu, India. The water parameters were analysed under standard methods and Received 29th March, 2013 compared with WHO and BIS standards. The remedial measures were suggested. Received in revised form

18th April, 2013

Accepted 09th May, 2013

Published online 15th June, 2013

Key words:

Dye effluent, Water parameters,

Balammalpuram. Copyright, IJCR, 2013, Academic Journals. All rights reserved.

INTRODUCTION deposition and wet depositions at different sites in Singrauli area of Sonbhadra district, U.P., India. The monthly variation in rain water Karur town, the head quarter of , Tamil Nadu, India is pH clearly indicate that early rainfall is more alkaline and as rainy o situated on the bank of Amaravathi river. It is located at 10.95 N, season proceeds rainwater showed lower pH o 78.08 E and 396 km from Chennai on southwest direction. Amaravathi river is a tributary of river Cauvery. It confluence with Heavy metal issues river Cauvery at about 12 km downstream of Karur [12]. During the Abraham Beena et al. (2002) identified that pollution of the natural last three decades the town emerged as a major textile centre with its environment from a wide range of sources and pollutants become an 1000 odd power loom and handloom units producing bedspreads, inevital feature of the present day living and look out for the towels and furnishing. There are about 1000 units along a 17 km distribution of toxic metals, mercury and lead and also different stretchon the banks of Amaravathi, which undertake bleaching, hydrographic parameters in the River . Efforts have also been dyeing, weaving, tailoring, knitting, knotting, packing, transporting taken to study the effects of different electrolytes and salinity on the and trading. Out of which 487 are bleaching and dyeing units [13] The adsorption, desorption and retention of Hg (II) ions [2]. Abraham pollution from the bleaching and dyeing units has become a major Beena et al. (2002) identified the presence of chromium in industrial issue though all the operational units are either provided with an effluent and attempted to treat with a suitable method Individual Effluent Treatment Plant (IETP) or Connected to a Islam et al. (2009) studied heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Fe and common effluent treatment plant (CETP). Due to discharge of dyeing Mn) content in Textile sludge in Gazipur, Bangladesh found out all industry effluent into the river Amaravathi, both the canal and open heavy metals concentration except chromium in the sludge samples wells remains largely unusable for irrigation, particularly during were higher than that of in agricultural soil. summer season [14]. Jain et al. (2010) found that groundwater quality at most of the locations of Nainital District is not upto the mark due to Impact by industrial effluents the quartzite rocks in the region. Abdul Jameel and Sirajudeen (2006) Balakrishnan et al. (2008) studied [3] the impact of dyeing industrial identified that most of zones in and around Pettavaithalai area, effluents on the groundwater quality in Kancheepuram (India) marked , Tamil Nadu-India is polluted due to the sugar mill as red colour industry. Most of the samples exceed the limits of BIS effluent seepage into the groundwater Table. All the test results and WHO. Balasubramanian (2006) studied the reuse of textile confirm that the ground water quality is not upto the mark and is effluent treatment plant sludge in building materials and found that slowly degrading. Aggarwal Shankar et al. (2001) identified [1]the ETP sludge up to 30% substitution for cement may be possible in the rain and fog water samples collected from Bikunthpur and Korba sites manufacture of nonstructural building materials and serve as an were found to be acidic in nature (i.e. pH<5). However, samples from alternative solution to disposal [4] Hasan and Agarwal (2004) Ambikapur, Bilaspur, Raipur and Bhilai were slightly acidic and their reviewed the recycle and reuse of wastewater has become a need of pH values were always around 5.8. Concentrations of Al, Hg, Mn, Cd time due to limited water resource. A large number of effluents, and Pb were higher in fish from acid, than from less acid waters domestic sewage and industrial wastewater can be reused to a Agrwal Madhoolika et al. (2001) quantified the atmospheric significant extent after suitable treatment. Several steps have been taken by India in the direction of pollution control. The efforts have *Corresponding author: [email protected] eventually resulted in the reuse of discharged treated effluents either in the same industry or for some other purposes. 1495 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 5, Issue, 6, pp.1494-1497, June, 2013

Table 1. Water paremeters for the dye effluent treatment plant

Sample Number Inlet Outlet Parameters Physical Examination Appearance Blockish & Turbid Slightly brownish Odour Objectionable Objectionable Turbidity NTU 200 12 Total Dissolved Solids Mg/L 6850 2030 Electrical conductivity (micro mho/Cm) 9800 2900 CHEMICAL EXAMINATION pH 9.2 8.5 Alkalinity Ph (as CaCO3) mg/L 130 50 Alkalinity Total (as CaCO3) mg/L 730 320 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 600 260 Sodium (as Na ) mg/L 846 336 Potassium (as K ) mg/L 30.1 18.4 Calcium (as Ca) mg/L 192 72 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 29 19 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 2.28 1.12 Manganese (as Mn) mg/L Nil Nil Free Ammonia (as NH3) mg/L 0.52 0.47 Nitrite (as NO2) mg/L 0.54 0.25 Nitrate (as NO 3) mg /L ------Chloride (as Cl) mg/L 33.75 750 Fluoride (as F) mg/L ------Sulphate (as SO ) mg/L 180 77 4 Phosphate (as PO4) mg/L 0.24 0.28 Tidy’s test (as O) mg/L 78 24 BOD mg/L 234 81 COD mg/L 700 216 D.O.mg/L 2.8 4.1

River / Surface water issues Various samples of ground water [9] were collected from different areas in and around the Punnam village of Karur District, India and Abdul Jameel and Zahir Hussain (2011) identified that most of the analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results of this groundwater sampling stations near the Uyyankondan channel, analysis were compared with the water quality standards of WHO and Tiruchirappalli are much polluted by the intrusion of channel water, CPHEEO. In this analysis the various physicochemical parameters dumping of waste and percolation of domestic sewage by inhabitants such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, [5]. Animesh Agarwal and Manish Saxena (2011) carried out study at - - 2- - + + Cl , F , SO4 , NO3 , Na , K , Fe, Cr, calcium and magnesium etc., river Gagan with regression analysis which is not only time saving but were determined using standard procedures The quality of also cost effective. Water resource shortage and pollution has groundwater samples were discussed with respect to these parameters seriously threatened the survival and development of developing and thus an attempt were made to ascertain the quality of ground countries. Because of India’s specific economical and social water used for drinking and cooking purposes in the sampling areas. It circumstances, complete adoption of developed countries experience is known that the groundwater [10] quality is important as it is the is unrealistic. At present, India needs to develop strategies and main factor determining its suitability for drinking, domestic, technologies in source water pollution control and industrial and agricultural and industrial purposes. In order to assess the groundwater municipal environmental remediation that embrace the country’s quality, 16 ground water samples have been collected from different specific need to battle the water resource problem [6] Ahamed. A places in cultivated Pugalur and uncultivated Pugalur during January Jafar and Loganathan K [7] has been made to evaluate the current 2012. The water samples collected in the stations were analyzed for status of physico-chemical contaminants and their sources in surface Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Total Dissolved Solids(TDS), Total and groundwater of Amaravathi river basin. 33 water samples Hardness(TH), Total Alkalinity (TA), major cation like calcium, including 11 surface water samples and 22 groundwater samples were magnesium, sodium, potassium and anions like chloride, nitrate and collected from different location of Amaravathi river basin during sulphate in the laboratory using the standard methods given by the November 2011.The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, EC, American Public Health Association (APHA, 2005). Water quality TDS, TH, TA, NO3, SO4, PO4, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl and F have been indices are generally used as a tool to convert a large data set into a analyzed. The results were compared with water quality standard much reduced and informative form. Water quality index (WQI) by prescribed by ISI/ICMR/WHO and an attempt has been made to find weighing arithmetic index method is used to assess the suitability for whether the quality of groundwater suitable for drinking purposes or drinking and irrigation purpose. The results were evaluated in not. The correlation coefficients were calculated for water quality accordance with the drinking water quality standards suggested by the assessment. Jafer et al. [8] focused on groundwater quality assessment World Health Organization and are presented. Chloride, alkalinity, of some parts of Than thoni and Karur block in Karur District, hardness, EC and potassium were found excess in most of the Tamilnadu. Groundwater quality of the tudy area was evaluated for samples. The results are analyzed in the light of USSL diagram and its suitability for drinking purposes by collecting ten samples during Piper tri linear plot using quachem software. The Piper diagram pre-monsoon season August 2012) by adopting standard analytical showed that the groundwater was of mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type followed techniques of APHA (2005). The water samples collected in the by Na-Cl and Ca-Cl type. Cotton yarn bleaching and dyeing [11] is stations were analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), pH, Total one of the major industrial activities in Karur Town, Tamil Nadu, Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), major cationslike India. The waste water let out from this industry is a major calcium, magnesium, and anions like bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, environmental concern. Out of 487 units, 391 units are member in fluoride and sulphate. The study revealed that some water sources in common effluent treatment plant (CETP). 8 CETPs are in operation. the region are not suitable for drinking with respect to total hardness, The remaining 96 units have provided individual effluent treatment calcium and magnesium content. Proper maintenance and treatment of plant (IETP). After treatment the effluent is let into Amaravathi river a water can improve the quality of drinking water and thereby a safer tributary of river Cauvery. The quality of effluent discharge from life. 1496 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 5, Issue, 6, pp.1494-1497, June, 2013

CETPs was monitored for a period one year. The report of analysis Bleaching, hydrogen peroxide bleaching, and environmental friendly reveals that the total dissolved solids, chlorides, bio chemical oxygen dyes [18-26]. demand, and chemical oxygen demand are exceeding the permissible inland surface water discharge standards. The discharge of partially Acknowledgement treated effluent has adversely affected the river water quality as well as the groundwater quality. In order to protect the river and the The authors thank the management and UGC for providing groundwater, Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) have opportunities to do this work. directed all the dyeing units to provide Reverse Osmosis (RO) plant with Reject Management System (RMS) and recycle the entire treated REFERENCES effluent so as to achieve Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD). The present work aims to analyse [15-17] the water parameters of dye effluent [1] R.K. Aggarwal and P. Kumar, Ann Bose, T.N. 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