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National Science Foundation-Annual Report 1986

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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 284 736 SE 048 281 AUTHOR Finkbeiner, Ann TITLE National SciecTe Founda ion - Annual Report 1986. INSTITUTION National Scier.ce Founda ion, Washington, D.C. REPORT'NO NSF-87-1 PUB DATE 86 NOTE 108p.; Colored photographs may not reproduce well. For the 1985 report, see ED 271 326. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printillg Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) -- Reports - Descriptive(141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO5 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *College Science; *Elementary School Science; Elementary Secondary Education; Engineering Education; *Federal Aid; *Federal Government; Higher Education; *Research and Development; Research Universities; Science and Society; Science Education; Science Instruction; Scientific and Technical Information; *Secondary School Science; Technological Advancement IDENTIFIERS *National Science Foundation ABSTRACT The National Science Foundation (NSF) provides grants through_its program divisions, which represent the various disciplines and fields of science and engineering. This report provides a synopsis of NSF grant awards and activities for 1986. The first two sections of the document highlight some of the current areas of.NSF sponsored research and development, along with some crucial issues to be considered in the future. The next chapter focuses on: (I) centers and instrumentation; (2) meeting the future personnel_needs of science and engineering; (3) precollege education and associated personnel issues; (4) international science and engineering; -(5) polar programs; and (6) natural disasters. Subsequent sections of the book describe NSF award.recipients, introduce various NSF employees who have responsibilities for specific program areas, and outline NSF operations and its organizational structure. Appendices include a listing of NSF staff and National Science Board members, financial and patent reports for fiscal year 1986, and the membership of NSF advisory committees. (TW) *** *********** ** **** * ******************** ********* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************** ** u S DEPARrsigiST GP spueiniotil cit Educational ReSaruch end Irrierwernan EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIOhl CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced fte received tgarn the PerSOn Or organization Originating IL 0 Minor mangos have been mode to imprOuo reproduction duality Pointe of view or 001111009 stated in this &cu.; - ment do not noceSaarily repreSent &new OERI 00011100 or p011eir "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS , MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED TO THE EDUCA noNAL RESOURCES: INFORMATION CENTER (gRIC).", About the National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation is an NSF is structured much like a independent federal agency created by university, with grant-making divisions the National Science Foundation Act of for the various disciplines and fields 1950 (P.L. 81-507). Its aim is to of science and engineering. The Foun- promote and advance scientific prog- dation's staff is helped by advisors, ress in the United States. The idea of primarily from the scientific communi- such a foundation was an outgrowth of ty, who serve on formal committees or the important contributions made by as ad hoc reviewers of proposals. This science and technology during World advisory system, which focuses on War II. From those first days, NSF has both program dimction and specific had a unique place in the federal proposals, involves more than 50,000 government: It is responsible for the scientists and engineers a year. NSI. overall health of science across ail staff members who are experts in a disciplines. In contrast, other agencies certain field or area make final award support research focused on specific decisions; applicants get verbatim un- missions. signed copies of peer reviews and can NSF funds research in all fields of appeal those decisions. science and engineering. It does this Awardees are wholly responsible for through grants and contracts to more doing their research and preparing than 2000 colleges, universities, and the results for publication. Thus the other research institutions in alf parts Foundation does not assume respon- of the United States. The Foundation sibility for such findings or their accounts for about 25 percent of interpretation. federal support to academic institu- NSF welcomes proposals on behalf fions for basic research. of all qualified scientists and engineers NSF receives more than 30,000 and strongly encourages women, mi- proposals each year for research, norities, and the handicapped to com- graduate fellowships and math/ pete fully in its programs. science/engineering education; it makes more than 13,000 awards. These go to universities, colleges, academic consortia, nonprofit institutions, and small businesses. The agency operates no laboratories itself but does support National Research Centers, certain oceanographic vessels, and Amarctic research stations. The Foundation also aids cooperative research between universities and industry and U.S. participation in international scientific efforts. National Science Foundation Annual Report 4986 Annual Report for Fiscal Year 1986 For sale by the Superintendent of Documen U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 4 _etter of Transittal Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I have the honor to transmit herewith the Asinual Report for Fiscal Year 1986 of the National Science Foundation, for sub- mission to the Congress as required by the National Science Foundation Act of 1950. Respectfully, Erich Bloch Director Nation !dation The Honorable The Pwsident of the 'kW States CONTENTS Director's Statement Highlights Chapter 1:Issues and initiatives 18 Chapter 2:focus on. 28 Centers and Instrumentation 28 Science and Engineering Pers leetin --e Needs 35 Precollege Education and the Personnel Issue 39 international Science and Engineering Polar Programs Natural Disasters 48 Chapter Awards Chapter 4:NSF People -54 Chapter 5:NSF Operations and Organization 7) Chapter 6:Conclusion 74 Appendixes 76 Appendix A.NSF Staff and National Scien rd Memhers ( FY 1986 76 Appendix H.Financial and Patent Reports tbr FY 1986 78 Appendix C.Advisory Committees tbr FY 1986 CTOR'S STATEMENT An annual report necessarily Reports of major discoveries reflects on the past. But it is in biology and medical sciences the Director's privilege to are a daily occurrence. Genetics is treat the past as prologue, and yielding new insight into mental look instead to the future. As I disorders. A malaria vaccine is look back on our achievements, I ready for testing. Understanding of cannot help seeing still greater many diseases grows rapidly accomplishments ahead. I believe that science and Recent news confirms again engineering are just entering a the spectacular dynamism of sci- long period of accelerating prog- ence and engineering. At the end ress. We have never seen anything of 1986 we had the first of a series like it before, so we are in many of discoveries of new materials ways unprepared to deal with it. capable of superconductivity at temperatures not previously be- What must we do? lieved possible. Supercoriductivity, first discovered in 1911, has long The last supernova that oc- The first answer is "Educate.- promised technological benefits. curred close to the earth was the Science and technology are central But the promise has remained "new star" observed by Tycho to our civilization, and daily be- unrealized because the necessary Brahe in 1572. The revelation that come more so. But our schools temperatures involved have been such a thing was possible forced a and colleges remain far from capa- too expensive to achieve. reconsideration of the medieval ble of either teaching the sub- Suddenly, however, supercon- world view, and was a major step stance of elementary science and ductivity is possible at temper- on the road to modern science. mathematics to all students, or of atures that can be maintained with And now we have a new super- preparing students to deal ra- inexpensive liquid nitrogen, and nova, the first one nearby since tionally with the social, economic, still higher temperatures are likely. Tycho's, and the first to be ob- or philosophical consequences of This opens technological vistas of served with modern instruments. all this new knowledge. great scope, including revolution- A new subdiscipline, "neutrino ary changes in electric power gen-astronomy- has been proclaimed. The economic consequences of eration and transmission, and in Will the 1987 supernova have an transportation. effect as great as Tycho? Funda- basic science and engineering mental new insights are the only are great and ever increasing" safe prediction. The second answer is "Com- pete." Because technology now "I believe that science and flows rapidly from new under- engineering are just entering a standing, the economic con- long period of accelerating sequences of basic science and pmgress engineering are great and ever increasing. "Knowledge is power- Supercomputers and coniplex is an old saying, but never more models have enabled scientists arid true. engineers to make rapid progress in many fields, such as the geo- sc:ences, where experimentation is difficult or impossible. IV NATIO= SCIENCE FOUNDATION Especially knowledge is eco- Educate, Compete, and Com- nomic power, but it has to be mit. These are active concepts. If current. In fields such as micro- we use them as guides to the
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