Rafael Felgueiras Rolo Mídia Digital E Geopolítica Da Nuvem

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Rafael Felgueiras Rolo Mídia Digital E Geopolítica Da Nuvem Rafael Felgueiras Rolo Mídia digital e geopolítica da nuvem: Soberania em meio às virtualidades da computação moderna Tese de Doutorado Departamento de Direito Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Área de Concentração: Teoria do Estado e Direito Constitucional Rio de Janeiro Setembro de 2020 Rafael Felgueiras Rolo Mídia digital e geopolítica da nuvem: Soberania em meio às virtualidades da computação moderna Tese de Doutorado Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da PUC-Rio como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Direito. Orientadora: Dr.ª Bethânia de Albuquerque Assy Rio de Janeiro Setembro de 2020 Rafael Felgueiras Rolo Mídia digital e geopolítica da nuvem: Soberania em meio às virtualidades da computação moderna Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da PUC-Rio como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Direito. Aprovada pela Comissão Examinadora abaixo assinada Dr.ª Bethânia de Albuquerque Assy Orientadora PUC-Rio – Departamento de Direito – PPGD Dr. Maurício de Albuquerque Rocha PUC-Rio – Departamento de Direito – PPGD Dr. Florian Fabian Hoffmann PUC-Rio – Departamento de Direito – PPGD Dr.ª Caitlin Sampaio Mulholland PUC-Rio – Departamento de Direito – PPGD Dr. Rodrigo Guimarães Nunes PUC-Rio – Departamento de Filosofia Dr. Ernani Pinheiro Chaves UFPA – Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Rio de Janeiro, 2 de setembro de 2020 Todos os direitos reservados. É proibida a reprodução total ou parcial do trabalho sem autorização da universidade, da autora e do orientador. Rafael FelGueiras Rolo Mestre em DIREITO PROCESSUAL pela Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ (2015). Graduação em DIREITO pela Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA (2009). Procurador do Estado do Pará (desde 2010) e professor substituto da UFPA (desde 2019). Ficha Catalográfica Rolo, Rafael Felgueiras Mídia digital e geopolítica da nuvem : soberania em meio às virtualidades da computação moderna / Rafael Felgueiras Rolo ; orientadora: Bethânia de Albuquerque Assy. – 2020. 274 f. : il. color. ; 30 cm Tese (doutorado)–Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Direito, 2020. Inclui bibliografia 1. Direito – Teses. 2. Geopolítica. 3. Nuvem. 4. Computação. 5. Soberania. 6. Passagens midiáticas. I. Assy, Bethânia de Albuquerque. II. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Direito. III. Título. CDD: 340 Aos meus amores, Vê e Laurinha. Vocês são vontade de revolução encarnada. AGRADECIMENTOS O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Código de Financiamento 001. Agradeço a minha esposa (Verena) e minha filha (Laura) por ressignificarem a vida, os sonhos e conquistas, assim como as tristezas e derrotas. Os quatro anos do doutorado, cheios de dificuldades e desafios, foram recheados de momentos inesquecíveis e muito valiosos, especialmente pela chegada de Laurinha às nossas vidas, depois de uma gravidez no exterior e de todas as incertezas que suportamos. Vê, você é minha companheira, minha namorada, minha linda princesa e eu te amo mais que nunca ao poder reconhecer tudo o que passamos, tudo aquilo que superamos juntos. Minhas maiores preciosidades, estas linhas tortas são inteiramente dedicadas a vocês. Queria ter a grandeza e ser capaz de um dia poder expressar todo o amor e gratidão que sinto. Agradeço aos meus pais (Alvaro e Eliana), irmãos (Artur e Daniel) e familiares pelo apoio, pelo carinho e por todos os momentos de união. Agradeço, em especial, à minha tia Conceição, por ser exemplo de tia, mulher, acadêmica e professora. Agradeço aos padrinhos de Laurinha e queridos amigos, Fábio e Gisele Góes, bem como a toda a família (Isabelle, Theo e Dona Nazareth), pelo apoio incomensurável que nos foi dado ao longo de todo esse tempo, especialmente depois de nosso retorno de Londres. Obrigado pela amizade e companheirismo. Agradeço aos professores com os quais tive a honra de aprender ao longo de todo esse período. Tenho vocês no coração. Agradeço infinitamente à Prof.ª Dr.ª Bethânia Assy, minha orientadora que, todavia, já me acompanha desde 2013, pela humanidade e pelo carinho eterno no trato e nas conversas. Em nome da Prof. Bethânia, agradeço especialmente a todos os professores do programa de pós- graduação da PUC-Rio. Agradeço ao Prof. Dr. Nathan Moore, por ter aceitado a tarefa de me receber em Londres, após a recomendação do Prof. Dr. Peter Fitzpatrick, bem como aos demais professores com quem pude conviver em Birkbeck – University of London, no primeiro semestre de 2018. Agradeço ao Prof. Fitzpatrick, pois, ainda que não tenhamos trabalhado diretamente, acredito que seu patrocínio acadêmico foi essencial na solução de minhas pendências junto à secretaria da universidade, permitindo-me passar tempo suficiente em Londres para a condução da pesquisa que se materializa nesta tese. Agradeço profundamente, por fim, a todos que me ajudaram ao longo da caminhada, em especial a todos os amigos da turma de doutorandos, que ingressaram em 2016 no PPGD da PUC-Rio, aos queridos da turma “Zé Moleza”. Vocês também são responsáveis por estas páginas. RESUMO ROLO, Rafael Felgueiras; ASSY, Bethânia de Albuquerque. Mídia digital e geopolítica da nuvem: Soberania em meio às virtualidades da computação moderna. Rio de Janeiro, 2020, 274p. Tese de Doutorado – Departamento de Direito, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. A presente tese problematiza o papel da mídia digital na (con)formação da geopolítica contemporânea, em especial sobre os conceitos de soberania e emancipação. Entendida como estrutura nômica, a mídia digital opera na condição de agente de repartição do espaço e regulação dos fluxos de forças, matéria, forma e informação. Computação e Internet são responsáveis pelo desenho e conformação tanto do espaço físico da terra, como do espaço virtual da rede, a chamada “nuvem”. Um materialismo radical opera entre a desintegração do analógico no digital, passando pela axiomática maquínica dos protocolos, até chegar à sobrecodificação semântica da plataforma, na qual o denominado “nomos da nuvem” toma sua forma mais aparente. Esse nomos desenha uma geometria não-euclidiana (fractal), desafiadora da lógica causal e é pressuposto das novas dimensões de World-design. Nele, o arquivo deixa de simplesmente funcionar como mera representação do mundo, pois o próprio mundo se torna arquivo-Mundo. Os níveis ontológico e epistemológico passam a ser condicionados pela dimensão política. A mídia digital tece um diagrama que estabelece novos regimes de visibilidade (interface, expressão) e de enunciação (endereçamento, conteúdo), perante o qual, para ser ou saber no âmbito da Computação em geral e da Internet em especial, é exigida a submissão às idiossincrasias do a priori técnico-tecnológico à disposição. Um novo agenciamento de corpos e de signos é implicado. A nova mídia desintegra as fronteiras subjetivas e objetivas associadas à soberania, concebida tradicionalmente como um atributo do Estado-nação, instituindo outra topologia/topografia de corpos e agências em seu lugar. Com a nova era midiática, portanto, tanto o território se desdobra em uma dimensão hiperbólica, com a possível sobreposição de diversas soberanias sobre uma específica transmissão ou circuito, como o substrato sobre o qual o poder pode exercer e ser exercido deixa de ser “humano” e, ademais, deixa de pressupor uma “subjetividade” para ser exercido de facto. Coloca-se o problema a respeito de como definir uma tal condição soberana no contexto da nova era midiática e da derrocada do modelo “westfaliano” de Estado-nação. Aliado à questão relativa à soberania, questiona-se como estabelecer a (dia)gramática das lutas emancipatórias nesse contexto. A partir do anúncio de eventos recentes, propõe-se que a nova era midiática é fincada sobre duas passagens, quais sejam, a passagem do analógico para o digital e a passagem do a-significante dos bits para a semântica dos regimes de interface e endereçamento. Essas duas passagens se consumam no conceito de plataforma, entendida como diagrama rígido no qual uma assimetria bem característica é estabelecida entre sistema e usuário. Segundo essa relação assimétrica, o usuário não pode acessar o arkanum do código-fonte, ou melhor, as entranhas do sistema são protegidas da ação de um usuário qualquer. Com o reconhecimento dessa relação, é propriamente possível a análise dos conceitos de soberania e emancipação. Enquanto a soberana é entendida a priori como a condição daquele (humano ou não) capaz de agenciar as potências do código fonte em uma determinada relação com o sistema, a emancipação no âmbito da atual era midiática perpassa necessariamente por uma reivindicação dessa soberania. Palavras chave Geopolítica; Nuvem; Computação; Soberania; Passagens midiáticas; (Dia)Gramática ABSTRACT ROLO, Rafael Felgueiras; ASSY, Bethânia de Albuquerque. Digital media and the geopolitics of the cloud: Sovereignty amidst the virtualities of modern computation. Rio de Janeiro, 2020, 274p. PhD Thesis – Departamento de Direito, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. The thesis problematizes the role of digital media in the (con)formation of contemporary geopolitics, especially with regard to the concepts of sovereignty and emancipation. Understood as a nomic structure, digital media operates as an active agent in the partition of space and in the regulation of fluxes of forces, matter, form and information. Computation and Internet are responsible
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