The Relationship Among Young Malaysian-Indians’
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG YOUNG MALAYSIAN-INDIANS’ SELF-PERCEIVED FAMILY COMMUNICATION PATTERNS, MEDIA EXPOSURE ON TAMIL MOVIES AND THEIR ATTITUDE AND BELIEFS TOWARD VIOLENCE IN DAILY LIFE CONTEXT THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG YOUNG MALAYSIAN-INDIANS’ SELF- PERCEIVED FAMILY COMMUNICATION PATTERNS, MEDIA EXPOSURE ON TAMIL MOVIES AND THEIR ATTITUDE AND BELIEFS TOWARD VIOLENCE IN DAILY LIFE CONTEXT A Thesis Presented to The Graduate School of Bangkok University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Communication Arts by Kala Sukumar 2015 © 2015 Kala Sukumar All Rights Reserved Kala, S., M.A. (Communication Arts), August, 2015, Graduate School, Bangkok University The Relationship Among Young Malaysian-Indians’ Self-Perceived Family Communication Patterns, Media Exposure On Tamil Movies And Their Attitude And Beliefs Toward Violence In Daily Life Context (269 pp.) Advisor of thesis: Asst. Prof. Pacharaporn Kesaprakorn, Ph.D ABSTRACT This survey research aims to explore the relationships among young Malaysian- Indians’ self-perceived family communication patterns, media exposure on Tamil movies, and their attitude and beliefs toward violence in daily life context. Four hundred young Malaysian-Indians living in Johor Bahru city, Malaysia were selected by using stratified sampling method to participate in the survey. The data was tabulated and analyzed by using inferential statistics including Chi-square, One-way Multivariate of Variance (MANOVA) and Multiple Regression at the significance level of .05. The findings revealed as follows: (1) The young Malaysian-Indians’ sex and age difference was significantly correlated with their self-perceived family communication patterns, but were not significantly associated with family type, number of siblings, mother’s educational level, father’s educational level, mother’s occupation, father’s occupation and family income. (2) The young Malaysian-Indians’ age difference, family type, and father’s educational level difference were significantly associated with their self-reported frequency of media exposure on Tamil movies and frequency of portrayal of violence in Tamil movies, but were not vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Pacharaporn Kesaprakorn and co- advisor, Dr. Thanawut Naigowit for their support, advice, comments, and guidance throughout the writing process of this thesis. I am so deeply grateful for their help and professionalism that I do not have enough words to express my gratitude and sincere appreciation. My deepest appreciation goes to Dr. Patama Satawedin and Dr. Malee Boonsiripan for their insightful comments and suggestions in bettering my thesis. Thank you! Furthermore, I would like to extend my special thanks to my family for their support and interest in my research and my husband, Alex Arul, who encouraged me from the beginning to the end of my master’s course. Finally, I shall forever remain indebted to the generosity and support that I have received from my friend, Jyothi Sintil. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT...............................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................ix LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..................................................................................1 1.1 Rationale and Problem Statement..............................................................11 1.2 Objectives of Study....................................................................................17 1.3 Scope of Study...........................................................................................18 1.4 Research Questions....................................................................................19 1.5 Significance of Study.................................................................................20 1.6 Definition of Terms....................................................................................21 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.....................................................................26 2.1 Related Literature and Previous Studies....................................................27 2.2 Related Theories.........................................................................................59 2.3 Hypothesis (es)...........................................................................................71 2.4 Theoretical Framework..............................................................................73 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY...............................................................................74 3.1 Research Design........................................................................................74 3.2 Population and Sample Selection..............................................................75 3.3 Protecting the Rights of the Sample during Data Collection....................82 3.4 Research Instrument..................................................................................82 3.5 Instrument Pretest......................................................................................98 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY (Continued) 3.6 Data Collection Procedure ....................................................................... 102 3.7 Data Analysis and Interpretation..............................................................103 3.8 Demographic Data of the Samples .......................................................... 111 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS..........................................................................................117 4.1 Summary on Findings of Descriptive Statistics of the Study...................118 4.2 Hypotheses Findings................................................................................148 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION.....................................................................................179 5.1 Summary of Descriptive Findings and Discussion..................................180 5.2 Hypotheses Summary and Discussion.....................................................184 5.3 Limitations of the Study...........................................................................221 5.4 Recommendation for Further Application...............................................222 5.5 Recommendation for Further Research....................................................225 BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................................................229 APPENDIX................................................................................................................245 BIODATA..................................................................................................................268 LICENSE OF AGREEMENT OF THESIS PROJECT ............................................. 269 ix LIST OF TABLES Page Table 3.2.1 Table for Determining Sample Size from a given Population ................. 76 Table 3.4.1 Sum and Mean of Conversation Orientation (15 Questions: Question 1-15) .......................................................................................................... 86 Table 3.4.2 Sum and Mean of Conformity Orientation (11 Questions: Question 16-26) ........................................................................................................ 88 Table 3.4.3 Classification of Family Communication Patterns ................................... 88 Table 3.4.4 Sum and Mean of Frequency in Viewing Tamil Movie per Week (6 Questions: Question 1-6) ...................................................................... 91 Table 3.4.5 Sum and Mean of Frequency of Portrayal of Behaviours in Tamil Movies (30 Questions: Question 1-30) ..................................................... 93 Table 3.4.6 Sum and Mean of Machismo .................................................................... 95 Table 3.4.7 Sum and Mean of Acceptance of Violence .............................................. 97 Table 3.5.1 Internal-Consistency Reliability of the MVQ Factors ........................... 100 Table 3.5.2 Instrument Reliability ............................................................................. 101 Table 3.8.1 Sex of the Samples .................................................................................. 111 Table 3.8.2 Age of the Samples ................................................................................. 112 Table 3.8.3 Family Type of the Samples ................................................................... 112 Table 3.8.4 Number of Siblings of the Samples ........................................................ 113 Table 3.8.5 Mother’s Educational Level of the Samples ........................................... 113 Table 3.8.6 Father’s Educational Level of the Samples ............................................ 114 Table 3.8.7 Mother’s Occupation Level of the Samples ........................................... 114 Table 3.8.8 Father’s Occupation Level of the Samples ............................................ 115 x LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Page Table 3.8.9 Family Income Level of the Samples .................................................... 115 Table 4.1.1 Sum and Percentage of the Sample’s Family Communication Patterns