Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica , 31 (4) : 870 - 873 (Oct . , 2006) ISSN 100020739 动物分类学报

ATAXONOMICSTUDYONTHEANTGENUS PHEIDOLOGETON MAYR ( HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,MYRMICINAE) FROMCHINA

ZHOU Shan2Yi1 , ZHAO Shuang2 , J IA Feng2Long2 11 College of L if e Science , Guangxi Normal U niversity , Guilin 541004 , China ; syz hou @mailbox . gx nu. edu. cn 21 Instit ute of Entomology , Zhongshan U niversity , Guangz hou 510275 , China

Abst ract Ten species and three subspecies of the ant genus Pheidologeton Mayr are treated in the paper. One of them is described as new to science, i. e. P. zengchengensis sp . nov. A key based on major worker caste to the known Chinese species of the genus is p resented. Key wor ds Hymenoptera , Formicidae, Pheidologeton , taxonomy , China.

The ant genus Pheidologeton , was established by HL ( Head Length ) ,HW ( Head Width ) ,CI Mayr in 1862 based on the t ype species Oecodoma ( Cephalic Index = HW × 100/ HL ) ,SL ( Scape diversa Jerdon ( = Pheidologeton diversus (Jerdon )) . Length) ,SI ( Scape Index = SL × 100/HW ) ,PW The genus consists of 27 species , 16 subspecies and 2 ( Pronotal Width ) , AL ( Alitrunk Length ) . All fossil species in the world (Bolton , 1995) , most species measurements are expressed in mm.

distributed in the Indo2Australian, Oriental and Key to the known species of the ge nus Pheidologeton Mayr Af rotropical regions. The first Chinese species of the i n Chi na (Base d on major worker caste) genus , P. vespillo , was described by Wheeler in 11 Propodeal spines long , longer than, or at least more than half of the 1921 , then in 1930 he reported 3 species and 3 distance between the base of the two spines ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2 Propodeal spines short , less than 1/ 3 length of the distance between the subspecies, i. e. P. aff i nis , P. diversus , P. base of the two spines ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 8 vespillo, P. diversus subsp . draco , P. diversus 21 The maximum workers with their total length 10 to 11 mm ⋯⋯⋯ subsp . f ict us , and P. diversus subsp . laoti n us. Chou ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ P. divers us s ubsp . fict us Forel and Terayama recorded 4 species and 1 subspecies in The maximum workers with their total length more than 14 mm ⋯ Taiwan, added 2 species, i. e. P. dentiviris and P. ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3 31 Head transversely striate in front ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ ya noi , to Chinese ant fauna except the species and ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ P. divers us s ubsp . laoti nus Sa ntschi subspecies known in the mainland. While the species Head longitudinally striate in front ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 4 P. dentiviris was doubtful because it was described b y 41 Occipital lobes of head longitudinally striate ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ Forel on the male only in 19131Emery suggested that ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ P. divers us s ubsp . draco Sha ntschi Occipital lobes of head transversely striate ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 5 P. dentiviris was p robably the male of P. ya noi , 51 Propodeal spines curved forward and inclined ⋯⋯ P. ya noi Forel Wheeler suggested that it did not even belong to the Propodeal spines directly backward or erect ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 6 genus Pheidologeton . Li and Tang described a species 61 Propodeal spines backward, mesoscutellum slightly convex, with 8 P. na nni ngensis f rom Guangxi in 19861Zhou and yellow hairs ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ P. na nni ngensis Li et Ta ng Zheng studied the genus in Guangxi and described 3 Propodeal spines erect , mesoscutellum very convex, with more than 10 yellow hairs ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 7 species, i. e. P. melasolen us , P. lati nodus and P. 71 Front of head bearing a single ocellus; petiolar node with its upper trechideros in 19971When we studied the ants deposited border concave; color dark chestnut2brown ; body very coarsely striate in the Insect Collection of Zhon gshan Universit y , a ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ P. divers us (J er don) new species was found. Ten species and three Front of head without ocellus; petiolar node not concave on its upper border; color chestnut2brown but lighter; striation on body much finer subspecies are recorded in China up to date. A key ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ P. affi nis (J er don) based on major worker caste to the known Chinese 81 Head and body smooth and shining in most part ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 9 species and subspecies of the genus is given except for Head and body coarsely striate ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 11 an uncertain species , P. dentiviris Forel. 91 Propodeal spines laterally compressed ; petiolar node broadly rounded The measurements and indices used in the paper above in profile view ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ P. lati nodus Zhou et Zheng Propodeal spines thick at base and straight , not compressed ; petiolar are as defined by Bolton (1995) : TL ( Total Length) , node narrowed above, more or less triangular in profile view ⋯⋯ 10

This study is supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (30360013) . Received 23 Mar. 2006 , accepted 8 Jaly 2006. 870 Oct. , 2006 周善义等 : 中国巨首蚁属昆虫分类研究 (膜翅目 , 蚁科) 178

101 Head with a coarse black line in occipital groove from occipital margin 8 Phei dologeton na n ni ngensis L i et Ta ng , 1986 to the vertex; postpetiole 2 times broader than long; hairs abundant Pheidologeton nanningensis Li et Tang , 1986 : 1621 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ P. melasolenus Zhou et Zheng Head without a black line in occipital groove ; postpetiole as broad as Distribution. China ( Guangxi) . long ; hairs very sparse ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ P. vespillo Wheeler 9 Phei dologeton vespillo Wheele r , 1921 111 Propodeal spines compressed laterally, curved forward ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ Pheidologeton vespillo Wheeler , 1921 : 5331 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ P. trechideros Zhou et Zheng Propodeal spines thick and straight, directed upward and slightly Distribution. China ( Shandong , Zhejiang , outward ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ P. zengchengensis sp . nov. Jiangxi , Hunan) . ( ) 1 Phei dologeton divers us J e r don , 1851 10 Phei dologeton l ati nodus Zhou et Zhe ng Oecodoma diversa Jerdon , 1851 : 1091 Pheidologeton latinodus Zhou et Zheng , 1997 : 1651 Phidologeton diversus (Jerdon) ; Bingham , 1903 : 1621 Pheidologeton diversus (Jerdon) ; Wheeler , 1930 : 681 Distribution. China ( Guangxi) .

Distribution. China ( Hongkong , Taiwan ) ; 11 Phei dologeton melasolenus Zhou et Zhe ng Vietnam. Pheidologeton melasolenus Zhou et Zheng , 1997 : 1631

2 Phei dologeton affi nis (J e r don) , 1851 Distribution. China ( Guangxi) . Oecodoma affinis Jerdon , 1851 : 1101 12 Phei dologeton trechideros Zhou et Zhe ng Phidologeton affinis (Jerdon) ; Bingham , 1903 : 1641 Pheidologeton trechideros Zhou et Zheng , 1997 : 1671 Pheidologeton affinis (Jerdon) ; Wheeler , 1930 : 681 Distribution. China ( Guangxi , Jiangxi) . Distribution. China ( Guangdong , Guangxi , Hongkong , Taiwan ) ; India, Burma, Indonesia, 13 Phei dologeton zengchengensis sp . nov. Sulawesi , Australia. ( Figs1122)

3 Phei dologeton divers us s ubsp . fict us Forel , Holotype major worker. TL 1218 , HL 3152 , 1911 HW 3143 ,CI 97 ,SL 1128 ,SI 37 ,PW 1171 ,PNL Pheidologeton diversus var. ficta Forel , 1911 : 3861 0188 ,PNH 0188 ,PNW 0178 , PPL 0159 ,PPH 0180 , Pheidologeton diversus subsp . fict us Forel; Wheeler , 1930 : 681 PPW 1103 , ED 01411 Distribution. China ( Hongkong , Taiwan ) ; Head slightly longer than broad, as broad in front Vietnam. as in the post, the sides slightly convex. Occipital margin widely emarginated, a deeply imp ressed 4 Phei dologeton ya noi Forel , 1912 narrow groove present down to the front. Mandible Pheidologeton yanoi Forel , 1912 : 571 Major, masticatory margin without tooth in lar ge Distribution. China ( Taiwan) . worker, with two strong blunt apical teeth and two 5 Phei dologeton dentivi ris Forel , 1913 broad shorter basal teeth in the medium worker. Pheidologeton dentiviris Forel , 1913 : 192 Clypeus narrow, anterior border broadl y sinuate. Pheidologeton dentiviris Forel; Ettershank, 1966 : 1181 Antennal carinae short , diver gent. Antennae slender. Pheidologeton dentiviris Forel ; Chou et Terayama , 1991 : 791 Eyes moderately large , placed at anterior 2/ 5 of the Distribution. China ( Taiwan) . side of the head. Promesonotum convex, promesonotal suture lightly impressed. Mesoscutellum ver y 6 Phei dologeton divers us s ubsp . l aoti n us prominent , metanotum distinct. Dorsum of p ropodeum Sa ntschi ,1920 slightly shorter than the declivit y, and the declivit y Pheidologeton diversus v. laotina Santschi , 1920 : 1621 Pheidologeton diversus subsp . laotina Santschi; Wheeler , 1930 : 681 longitudinally concave in the middle. Propodeal spines Pheidologeton diversus subsp . laotinus Santschi; Bolton , 1995 : 3331 thick at base, acute at tip , less than 1/ 3 length of the distance between the base of the two spines , directed Distribution. China ( Guangdong , Hongkong ) ; backward and slightly outward. Petiole rather short, Pakoet , Laos , Indochina. petiolar node thick and subtrian gular in p rofile , upper 7 Phei dologeton divers us s ubsp . draco Sha ntschi , margin slightly convex in the middle. Postpetiolar node 1920 transverse in dorsal view, as broad as petiolar node in Pheidologeton diversus st . draco Shantschi , 1920 : 1631 major worker or twice as broad as the petiolar node in Pheidologeton diversus subsp . draco Shantschi; Wheeler , 1930 : 681 the medium worker. Distribution. China ( Guangdong , Hainan ) ; Head longitudinally striate anteriorly. Mandibles Vietnam. smooth and shinning. Occipital lobes of head, 278 Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 动物分类学报 Vol. 31 No. 4

pronotum, dorsum of p ropodeum , and petiolar node Head , pronotum and gaster smooth and shinning , transversely striate. Spaces between striation smooth. mesopleurae and p ropodeum shagreened. Erect hair Postpetiolar node and gaster smooth and shining. Erect long and sparse. Color brown. Propodeum and peticel hairs abundant on the whole bod y. Color dark paler. brownish red. Mandibles and gaster blackish red. Holotype major worker, Taibai Slope , Antennae and legs paler. Zengcheng , Guangdong Province, South of China, 26 Paratype 14 media workers. HL 113022180 ,HW Sep . 1984 , ZHAN G Zhu2Xu leg. Paratype 14 media 112522170 ,SL 016521108 ,CI 96 ,SI 40252 ,PW workers and 7 minor workers, Taihe Ancient Cave, 016021135 ,PNH 0166 ,PNL 0168 ,PNW 0156 ,PPH Qingxin Count y , Guangdong Province, South of 0160 , PPL 012520166 ,PPW 012920183 , ED 0131 , China , 25 Aug. 2005 , ZHAO Shuang leg. TL 4162919. Occipital less concave, scutellum less This new species resembles P. trechideros Zhou et prominent. Other characters are the same as the ma jor Zheng , but the major worker differs from the later in worker. 7 minor workers. HL 015020160 ,HW 01502 mandibles smooth and shinin g , spaces between 0160 ,SL 013020150 ,SI 60283 ,CI 982100 ,PW 01352 striation smooth , p ropodeal spine thick and straight , 0140 , AL 016020175 , ED 0105201061Occipital not curved forward. The minor worker differs from straight to feebly concave. Masticator y margin of the later in promesonotum much higher , p ropodeal mandible with five teeth. Antennal scapes short , close spine longer, not curved upward. to occipital border. Mandible longitudinally striate.

Figs11241 Pheidologeton zengchengensis sp . nov. 1221Major worker. 3241Minor worker. 1 , 31Head in full2face view. 2 , 41Body in profile view.

Burma. Hymenoptera. Vol. 21Ants and cuckoo2wasps. Taylor and R EFER EN CES Francis , London. 506 pp . Bolton, B. 19951 A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Bingham , C. T. 19031The fauna of British India , including Ceylon and Harvard University Press, Cambridge , Massachusetts. 504 pp . Oct. , 2006 周善义等 : 中国巨首蚁属昆虫分类研究 (膜翅目 , 蚁科) 378

Forel , A. 19111Fourmis nouvelles ou intéressantes. Bulletin de la Société Santschi, F. 19201Fourmis dπIndo2Chine. Annales de la Société Va udoise des Sciences Nat urelles , 47 : 3312400. Entomologique de Belgique , 60 : 15821761 Forel , A. 1912. H. Sauterπs Fourmosa2Ausbeute: Formicidae. Wheeler, W. M. 19211Chinese ants. Bulletin of the Museum of Entopmologische Mitteil ungen , 1 : 452811 Comparative Zoology at Harvard College , 64 : 52925471 Forel , A. 19131H. Sauterπs Fourmosa2Ausbeute : Formicidae 21 Archiv Wheeler, W. M. 1930. A list of the known Chinese ants. Peking f ür Nat uregeschichte , 79 (A) : 18322021 Nat ural History Bulletin , 5 (1) : 532811 Li , S and Tang , J 19861Notes on the genus Pheidologeton Wheeler, W. M. 1930. Formosan ants collected by Dr. R. Takahashi. ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae) with description of a new species from Proceedings of the new England Zoological Cl ub , 11 : 9321061 Guangxi , China. Acta Agricult ure Universitatis Zhejiangensis , 12 Zhou , S2Y and Zheng , Z2M 1997. A taxonomic study on the ant genus (2 ) : 16021651 [ 李 参 , 唐 觉 , 19861 广 西 巨 首 蚁 属 Pheidologeton Mayr in Guangxi ( Hymenoptera: Formicidae ) . (Pheidologeton) 及一新种记述 (膜翅目 : 蚁科) . 浙江农业大学 Zoological Research , 18 (2) : 16321701 [ 周善义 , 郑哲民 , 19971 学报 , 12 (2) : 160～165 ] 广西巨首蚁属昆虫研究 (膜翅目 : 蚁科) . 动物学研究 , 18 (2) : 163～170 ] 中国巨首蚁属昆虫分类研究 (膜翅目 , 蚁科) 周善义1 赵 爽2 贾凤龙2 11 广西师范大学生命科学学院 桂林 541004 ; E2mail :syzhou @mailbox. gxnu.edu.cn 21 中山大学昆虫学研究所 广州 510275

摘 要 记述中国巨首蚁属 Pheidologeton 10 种和 3 亚种 , 其 的区别是前2中胸背板凸远高于后者 , 并胸腹节刺直 , 不向上 中 1 新种即增城巨首蚁 P. zengchengensis sp . nov. 。新种与粗 弯。文中提供了中国已知 9 种 3 亚种的分种检索表 , 另一种 纹巨首蚁 P. trechideros Zhou et Zheng 相似 , 但大型工蚁与后 齿突巨首蚁 P. dentiviris Forel 因仅依据雄蚁描述而且分类地 者的区别是上颚光亮无刻纹 , 体刻纹间面光亮无刻点 , 并胸 位不定 , 未包括在检索表中 。 腹节刺圆而直 , 不向前弯曲。新种的小型工蚁与粗纹巨首蚁

关键词 膜翅目 , 蚁科 , 巨首蚁属 , 分类 , 中国. 中图分类号 Q969155412