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Ants of Agricultural Fields in Vietnam (Hymenoptera: Formicinae)

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Ants of Agricultural Fields in Vietnam (Hymenoptera: Formicinae) Bull. Inst. Trop. Agr., Kyushu Univ. 33: 1-11, 2010 1 Ants of Agricultural Fields in Vietnam (Hymenoptera: Formicinae) Le Ngoc Anh1)*, Kazuo Ogata1) and Shingo Hosoishi1) Abstract List of ants in various agricultural lands of Vietnam is presented based on the surveys in 2009. The samplings by pitfall trapping and time unit sampling were carried out in four different cropping fields: paddy, vegetable, sugarcane farms and citrus orchards in Hanoi City, Hung Yen Province, Thanh Hoa Province, and Binh Duong Province. In total, 49 species of ants belonging to 26 genera of 6 subfamilies were collected from 496 samples of 12 agricultural fields. Among them, the most species rich genera wereTetramorium which included 7 species, fol- lowed by Monomorium (6 species), Camponotus (4 species) and Pheidole (4 species). Keywords: ant, citrus orchards, sugarcane fields, vegetable fields, paddy fields. Introduction Recent progress on the study of biodiversity of ants in Vietnam has been made mainly focusing those of forests or conservation areas (Bui, 2002; Bui and Eguchi, 2003; Bui and Yamane, 2001; Eguchi et al., 2004; Yamane et al., 2002). But little has been adverted to ants of agricultural lands, in spite of their important role as predators or monitoring agents (Agosti et al., 2000; Lach et al., 2010; Way and Khoo, 1992). In the course of our study on the ant communities in agroecosystems in 2009, we have surveyed various cropping fields including paddy, vegetable, sugarcane farms and citrus orchards and collected 496 samples from 12 fields of 9 localities. In this paper, we have complied the results of them with taxo- nomic and biogeographical information. This is the first report that treats with the comprehensive ant fauna of agricultural fields in Vietnam, although the collecting sites are limited in Red River Delta except Binh Duong Province in Mekong Delta. 1) Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. *Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Le Ngoc Anh et al. Materials and Methods Sampling methods Samplings were conducted in February (spring), June (summer) and December (winter) in 2009, using two methods: pitfall trapping and time unit sampling. Pitfall trapping (PT): Ten pitfall traps were placed within a field and left open for 5 days. Each of the traps contained about 50 ml of ethylene glycol preservative. Time unit sampling (TUS): Time unit sampling is a kind of direct methods that collect ants as many as possible using aspirator, hand sifter, pans by visual search within a limited time (Ogata, 2001). In each field, a 15-minutes sampling was repeated 8 times. Study sites A total of 12 farm fields was surveyed. Locality names, their abbreviations, geographical coordinates, cropping types and sampling dates with sampling methods are summarized in Table 1. Table 1. Study sites. Field # Locality (Abbreviation) Coordinates Cropping type Sampling Date and method 11 Feb. (PT); 24 Jun. (PT); 1 Co Bi (CBI), Gia Lam Dist, 21˚01’N, Citrus orchard Hanoi City 105˚56’E (organic) 28 Dec. (PT); 10 Feb. (TUS); 21 Jun. (TUS); 24 Dec. (TUS) 11 Feb. (PT); 24 Jun. (PT); 2 Dong Ngac (DNP), Tu Liem 21˚04’N, Citrus orchard Dist, Hanoi City 105˚46’E (organic) 28 Dec. (PT); 9 Feb. (TUS); 20 Jun. (TUS); 25 Dec. (TUS) 3 ibid. (DNV) Vegetable field ibid. (cabbage) 9 Feb. (PT); 20 Jun. (PT) Vegetable field 4 ibid. (DNV) ibid. (French bean) 9 Feb. (PT); 20 Jun. (PT) 5 Hoan Long (HLO), Hung 20˚54’N, Paddy field 9 Feb. (PT); 20 Jun. (PT); Yen Province 105˚59’E 14 Dec. (PT) Lien Mac (LMA), Tu Liem Citrus orchard 11 Feb. (PT); 24 Jun. (PT); 6 21˚05’N, Dist, Hanoi city 105˚46’E (commercial) 28 Dec. (PT); 9 Feb. (TUS); 20 Jun. (TUS); 25 Dec. (TUS) 7 Phu An (PAN), Ben Cat Dist, 11˚12’N, Sugarcane field Binh Duong Province 106˚37’E 18 Dec. (TUS); 22 Dec. (PT) 8 ibid. ibid. Sugarcane field 18 Dec. (TUS); 22 Dec. (PT) 11 Feb. (PT); 24 Jun. (PT); 9 Trau Quy (TQU), Gia Lam 21˚00’N, Citrus orchard Dist, Hanoi City 105˚56’E (commercial) 28 Dec. (PT) ;10 Feb. (TUS); 21 Jun. (TUS); 24 Dec. (TUS) 9 Feb. (PT); 18 Jun. (PT); 10 Xuan Hoa (XHA), Tho Xuan 19˚55’N, Sugarcane field 13 Dec. (PT); 31 Dec. (PT); Dist, Thanh Hoa Province 105˚30’E 7 Feb. (TUS); 15 Jun. (TUS); 10 Dec. (TUS); 27 Dec. (TUS) Xuan Hung (XHU), Tho 9 Feb. (PT); 18 Jun. (PT); 11 Xuan Dist, Thanh Hoa 19˚52’N, Sugarcane field 13 Dec. (PT); 31 Dec. (PT); Province 105˚28’E 7 Feb. (TUS); 15 Jun. (TUS); 10 Dec. (TUS); 27 Dec. (TUS) 12 Yen My (YMY), Yen My 20˚53’N, Paddy field 9 Feb. (PT); 20 Jun. (PT); Dist, Hung Yen Province 106˚02’E 14 Dec. (PT) All the specimens were kept in the collection of Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japan. Ants of Agricultural Fields 3 Result and Discussion In total, 49 species of ants belonging to 26 genera of 6 subfamilies were collected. The most speciose subfamily was Myrmicinae (25 species), followed by Formicinae, Ponerinae and Dolichoderinae. Sub- families Amblyoponinae and Cerapachyinae contained only one species, respectively. At genus level, Tetramorium (7 species), Monomorium (6 species); Camponotus (4 species) and Pheidole (4 species) were the taxa that included diverse species in farm lands. Although 22 species are left unidentified, most of the ants identified in this study have wide geographical range of the distributions. The ecological analysis and discussions of ant communities of agroecosystems in Vietnam would be presented elsewhere. List of species AMBLYOPONINAE 1. Prionopelta kraepelini Forel DNP, 28.xii. 2009. The ant is small and yellowish species, collected only once from a organic farm of Pomelo orchard in this study. The species of the genus Prionopelta is cryptobiotic, usually lives under soil, and rare. P. kraepelini is widely distributed in South East Asia, Australia and Pacific Islands (Brown, 1960). CERAPACHYINAE 2. Cerapachys sp. CBI, 11. ii,. 24. xii. 2009. The species is easily recognized in having black and shiny head and gaster, and red or brown meso- soma. The ant is a member of the group that was formerly placed under the genus Lioponera, or C. lon- gitarsus group of Brown (1975). C. longitarsus (Mayr) is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropi- cal Asia and Australia (Brown, 1975). DOLICHODERINAE 3. Dolichoderus thoracicus (F. Smith) XHA, 18.vi; 15.vi. 2009. The species is widely distributed in Oriental, Indo-Malayan and Australian regions including India, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines, Malaysia, New Guinea and Australia (Xu, 2001). 4. Ochetellus glaber (Mayr) DIP, 9.ii, 11.ii, 20.vi, 24.vi, 25.xii,.28.xii. 2009. The species is widely distributed in the world, characteristic in having a compressed petiole that forms a vertical plate between the mesosoma and the gaster. 5. Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius) DNV, 9.ii, 20.vi. 2009; YMY, 21.ii, 20.vi; 14.xii. 2009; HLO, 21.ii, 20.vi; 14.xii. 2009; TQU, 11.ii, 4 Le Ngoc Anh et al. 10.ii, 24.vi, 21.vi, 24.xii, 28.xii. 2009; LMA, 11.ii, 9.ii, 24.vi, 20.vi, 25.xii, 28.xii. 2009; CBI,10. ii, 11.ii, 21.vi, 24.vi, 24.xii, 28.xii. 2009; DNP, 9.ii, 11.ii, 20.vi, 24.vi, 25.xii, 28.xii. 2009; XHA, 7.ii, 9. ii, 15.vi, 18.vi, 10.xii, 13.xii, 27.xii, 31.xii. 2009; XHU, 7.ii, 9.ii, 15.vi, 18.vi, 10.xii, 13.xii, 27.xii, 31.xii. 2009; PAN, 18.xii, 22.xii. 2009. The ant is a pan-tropical tramp-species. The species is one of the most common ants in this survey. According to Bingham (1903), This species is distinguished from another similar species, T. indimum, by relative length of the antennal scape that is longer, extending beyond the border of the head in T. melanocephalum. 6. Technomyrmex brunneus Forel LMA, 11.ii, 24.vi. 2009; CBI, 24.vi, 28.xii. 2009; DNP, 11.ii, 24.vi, 28.xii. 2009; XHU, 9.ii. 2009. This species is a member of T. albipes group (Bolton, 2007), and is known to occur in Sri Lanka, India, Brunei, China, Taiwan and Japan, so far. In Vietnam, the genus has been represented by 5 spe- cies: additional two species (elatior Forel and yamanei Bolton) of albipes group, obscurior Wheeler of bicolr group, and pratensis (F. Smith) of pratensis group (Bolton, 2007). FORMICINAE 7. Anoplolepis gracilipes (F. Smith) XHU, 15.vi, 18.vi, 10.xii, 13.xii. 2009; PAN, 18.xii, 22.xii. 2009. The species has been known to occur in tropical and subtropical areas in the world, spread by human activities (Way and Khoo, 1992). The species is one of six most widespread, abundant, and dam- aging invasive ants of the world (Holway et al., 2002). 8. Camponotus rufoglaucus (Jerdon) XHA, 15.vi, 18.vi, 10.xii, 31.xii. 2009; XHU, 7.ii, 9.ii, 15.vi, 18.vi. 2009; PAN, 18.xii, 22.xii. 2009. This species is one of the most common species of Camponotus in this study, having a blackish body. 9. Camponotus sp.1 XHA, 9.ii, 18.vi. 2009; XHU,9. ii, 18.vi. 2009. This species belongs to subgenus Tanaemyrmex. 10. Camponotus sp. 2 XHA, 15.vi, 18.vi. 2009. Only minors of this species were collected. It may be the same species as sp. 1. 11. Camponotus sp. 3 XHA, 15.vi. 2009; XHU, 9.ii, 15.vi, 18.vi.
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