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Bioarchaeology the Contextual Analysis of Human Remains Bioarchaeology Bioarchaeology The Contextual Analysis of Human Remains Edited by Jane E. Buikstra Arizona State University Lane A. Beck Arizona State Museum University of Arizona AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Acquisitions Editor: J. Scott Bentley Marketing Manager: Patricia Howard Project Manager: Jeff Freeland Cover Design: Eric DeCicco Composition: Cepha Imaging Private Limited Cover Printer: Phoenix Color Corp. Interior Printer: The Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2006, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Exception: Chapter 3, Historical Development of Skeletal Biology at the Smithsonian copyright © 2006, Doug Ubelaker. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, E-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Support & Contact” then “Copyright and Permission” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bioarchaeoogy : the contextual analysis of human remains / Jane E. Buikstra and Lane A. Beck, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-12-369541-4 (alk. paper) 1. Human remains (Archaeology) 2. Human skeleton–Analysis. 3. Paleopathology. 4. Paleoanthropology. I. Buikstra, Jane E. II. Beck, Lane A. CC79.H85B56 2006 930.1–dc22 2006045979 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 13: 978-0-12-369541-3 ISBN 10: 0-12-369541-4 For information on all Academic Press Publications visit our Web site at www.books.elsevier.com Printed in the United States of America 060708091087654321 Dedication As illustrated in this book, bioarchaeology is a product of concepts and stan- dards that have been developed over several generations of scholarship. Many of the individuals who contributed to this concept are discussed at length in the individual chapters that follow. We dedicate this book to those who came before us and laid the founda- tions on which we have built. To Earnest Hooton who begat the first generation of anthropologically trained biological anthropologists in the United States. To Aleš Hrdlickaˇ who created a center for research in human osteology at the Smithsonian Institution. To Larry Angel who integrated aspects of the heritage of both Hooton and Hrdlicka.ˇ To Chuck Merbs who supervised Buikstra’s graduate training. To Bob Blakely who organized the symposium where this usage of the term bioarchaeology was introduced. To all who came before us, we thank you for opening the door. Jane E. Buikstra Lane A. Beck Contents Contributors xi Foreword xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi Section I People and Projects: Early Landmarks in American Bioarchaeology Introduction 1 Chapter 1 A Historical Introduction 7 Jane E. Buikstra Chapter 2 The Old Physical Anthropology and the New World: A Look at the Accomplishments of an Antiquated Paradigm 27 Della Collins Cook vii viii Contents Chapter 3 The Changing Role of Skeletal Biology at the Smithsonian 73 Douglas H. Ubelaker Chapter 4 Kidder, Hooton, Pecos, and the Birth of Bioarchaeology 83 Lane Anderson Beck Chapter 5 Hemenway, Hrdlicka,ˇ and Hawikku: A Historical Perspective on Bioarchaeological Research in the American Southwest 95 Gordon F. M. Rakita Chapter 6 A New Deal for Human Osteology 113 George R. Milner and Keith P. Jacobi Chapter 7 Invisible Hands: Women in Bioarchaeology 131 Mary Lucas Powell, Della Collins Cook, Georgieann Bogdan, Jane E. Buikstra, Mario M. Castro, Patrick D. Horne, David R. Hunt, Richard T. Koritzer, Sheila Ferraz Mendonça de Souza, Mary Kay Sandford, Laurie Saunders, Glaucia Aparecida Malerba Sene, Lynne Sullivan, and John J. Swetnam Section II Emerging Specialties Introduction 195 Contents ix Chapter 8 Behavior and the Bones 207 Osbjorn M. Pearson and Jane E. Buikstra Chapter 9 A Brief History of Paleodemography from Hooton to Hazards Analysis 227 Susan R. Frankenberg and Lyle W. Konigsberg Chapter 10 A Post-Neumann History of Biological and Genetic Distance Studies in Bioarchaeology 263 Lyle W. Konigsberg Chapter 11 The Evolution of American Paleopathology 281 Della Collins Cook and Mary Lucas Powell Chapter 12 The Dentist and the Archeologist: The Role of Dental Anthropology in North American Bioarcheology 323 Jerome C. Rose and Dolores L. Burke Section III On to the 21st Century Introduction 347 x Contents Chapter 13 The Changing Face of Bioarchaeology: An Interdisciplinary Science 359 Clark Spencer Larsen Chapter 14 Mortuary Analysis and Bioarchaeology 375 Lynne Goldstein Chapter 15 Repatriation and Bioarchaeology: Challenges and Opportunities 389 Jane E. Buikstra Chapter 16 A View from Afar: Bioarchaeology in Britain 417 Charlotte A. Roberts Glossary of Acronyms 441 Bibliography 443 Index 587 Contributors Lane Anderson Beck, PhD, Associate Curator, Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Georgieann Bogdan, MA, Teacher, Guilford Day School, Greensboro, NC, USA Jane E. Buikstra, PhD, Professor, School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA Mario M. Castro, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Anatomy Unit, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Della Collins Cook, PhD, Professor, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Dolores L. Burke, PhD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropol- ogy, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA Susan R. Frankenberg, PhD, Research Associate Professor and Curator, Depart- ment of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA Lynne Goldstein, PhD, Professor, Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA Patrick D. Horne, PhD, Pathologist, Department of Pathology, York County Hospital, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada David R. Hunt, PhD, Assistant Collections Manager, Department of Anthropol- ogy, Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Washington, DC, USA Keith P. Jacobi, PhD, Associate Professor, Blount Fellow of the College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Anthropology, Alabama Museum of Natural History, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA xi xii Contributors Lyle W. Konigsberg, PhD, Professor, Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA Richard T. Koritzer, DDS, MLA, PhD, Adjunct Research Associate Volunteer, Biomedical Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Glen Burnie, MD, USA Clark Spencer Larsen, PhD, Distinguished Chair and Professor, Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Glaucia Aparecida Malerba Sene, MA, Archaeologist, Instituto de Arqueologia Brasilieira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; PhD Student, Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of San Paulo, Brazil Sheila Ferraz Mendonça de Souza, PhD, Senior Researcher, Department of Endemic Diseases Samuel Pessoa, National School of Public Health Sérgio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil George R. Milner, PhD, Interim Head and Professor, Department of Anthropol- ogy, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA Osbjorn M. Pearson, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA Mary Lucas Powell, PhD, Newsletter Editor, Paleopathology Association, Lexington, KY, USA Gordon F. M. Rakita, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA Charlotte A. Roberts, PhD, Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, UK Jerome C. Rose, PhD, Chair and Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA Mary Kay Sandford, PhD, Professor, Anthropology Department, The University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC, USA Lorraine P. Saunders, PhD, Research Associate, Rochester Museum & Science Center, Rochester, NY, USA Lynne Sullivan, PhD, Associate Research Professor and Curator, Department of Anthropology, Frank H. McClung Museum, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA John J. Swetnam, PhD, Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA Douglas H. Ubelaker, PhD, Curator, Department of Anthropology, Division of Physical Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Washington, DC, USA Foreword Why are humans so intensely interested in our past? We invest very substan- tial resources in a quest to reconstruct what our ancestors looked like and how they lived. We spend equally substantial resources to leave behind something of ourselves for those who follow us. This preoccupation with the past is perva- sive throughout human societies today. It is manifest in specialists ranging from people who memorize and can repeat
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