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Liocarcinus Corrugatus INPN

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Liocarcinus Corrugatus INPN 1 L'étrille frippée Liocarcinus corrugatus (Pennant, 1777) Citation de cette fiche : Noël P., 2016. L'étrille frippée Liocarcinus corrugatus (Pennant, 1777). in Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle [Ed.], 13 septembre 2016. Inventaire national du Patrimoine naturel, pp. 1-13, site web http://inpn.mnhn.fr Contact de l'auteur : Pierre Noël, SPN et DMPA, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 43 rue Buffon (CP 48), 75005 Paris ; e-mail [email protected] Résumé. Chez l'étrille frippée, la carapace est relativement bombée, poilue, rouge orangée ou brune, et mesure jusqu' à 6 cm de large. Elle possède 5 dents antéro-latérales pointues, égales et dirigées vers l'avant ; le front est trilobé. Il y a de nombreux sillons poilus sur le corps et sur les pattes. Une forte épine triangulaire est présente sur le carpe des pinces. La patte arrière est aplatie et terminée en palette (natatoire et fouisseuse). La reproduction a lieu presque toute l'année et varie selon les zones géographiques ; le développement larvaire comprend 5 stades zoé et il est suivi d'une mégalope. Les principaux prédateurs sont les poissons de fond et les céphalopodes. L'espèce fréquente surtout les fonds sédimentaires jusqu'à -200 m de profondeur. On la rencontre dans tout l'Atlantique est, depuis les îles britanniques jusqu' à l'Angola, Méditerranée et Mer Noire comprises. Cette espèce est parfois pêchée mais n'a pas intérêt commercial particulier. Figure 1. Aspect général vue dorsale. Figure 2. Carte de distribution en France Banyuls-sur-mer (66), 8/10/1974. Photo © Jean Lecomte. métropolitaine. © P. Noël INPN-MNHN 2016. Classification : Phylum Arthropoda Latreille, 1829 > Sub-phylum Crustacea Brünnich, 1772 > Super-classe Multicrustacea Regier, Shultz, Zwick, Hussey, Ball, Wetzer, Martin & Cunningham, 2010 > Classe Malacostraca Latreille, 1802 > Sous-classe Eumalacostraca Grobben, 1892 > Super- ordre Eucarida Calman, 1904 > Ordre Decapoda Latreille, 1802 > Sous-ordre Pleocyemata Burkenroad, 1963 > Infra-ordre Brachyura Latreille, 1802 > Section Eubrachyura de Saint Laurent, 1980 > Sous-section Heterotremata Guinot, 1977 > Super-famille Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815 > Famille Polybiidae Ortmann, 1893 > Sous-famille Polybiinae Ortmann, 1893 > Genre Liocarcinus Stimpson, 1871. Synonymes (Ingle 1980 ; Ng & al. 2008 ; GBIF 2016 ; INPN Noms vernaculaires: 2016 ; ITIS 2016 ; WoRMS 2016): Étrille ballant [nom FAO] (Carpenter & De Angelis 2014). Cancer corrugatus Pennant, 1777 Étrille frippée (Falciai & Minervini 1996 ; Livory 1998). Cancer pellitus Forskål, 1775 Petite étrille (Cuvier 1817 ; Latreille 1829). Polybius corrugatus (Pennant, 1777) Portune petite étrille (Beltrémieux 1884). Polybius (Necora) corrugatus (Pennant, 1777) Crabe volant (Luther & Fiedler 1965). Portunus borradailei Bennett, 1930 Portunus leachii Risso, 1827 Principaux noms étrangers. ?Portunus borradailei Bennett, 1930 Anglais : Wrinkled swimming crab [nom FAO] (Ingle 1980 Macropipus corrugatus (Pennant, 1777) ; Hiscock & al. 2001 ; Carpenter & De Angelis 2014 Portunus corrugatus (Pennant, 1777) ; Marlin 2016) ; wrinkled swimcrab. ?Portunus ruber de Blainville, 1821 Allemand : Rote Schwimmkrabbe. Espagnol : Cangrejo de arrugas [nom FAO] (Carpenter & NB. Son (2013) a montré que Portunus strigilis Stimpson, 1858 De Angelis 2014 ; Mora Canet 2015). est une espèce du Pacifique ouest distincte et doit être retirée Catalan : Franquet vermell (Zariquiey Álvarez 1968 ; Mallol de la liste habituelle des synonymes [nom valide = 2010). Liocarcinus strigilis (Stimpson, 1858)]. Italien : grancella pieghettata, granchio corrugato. Grec : Γεροκάβουρας (WoRMS 2016). N° des bases de données : GBIF ID : 2225688 ; INPN Cd_Nom : 18533 ; ITIS : 660793 ; WoRMS AphiaID : 107386. 2 Etymologie Liocarcinus : du grec [Leio] = rendre plus lisse et [Karkinos] = crabe. En effet, la plupart des crabes de ce genre ont la carapace assez lisse ; corrugatus vient du latin corrūgo [cum + rugo] = rider, froncer. En référence aux rides transversales sur la carapace. Donc Liocarcinus corrugatus = "crabe ridé". étrille = nom d'une espèce voisine ; frippée = en lien avec les rides sur la carapace. Description. Chez Liocarcinus corrugatus la carapace est nettement plus large que longue, modérément bombée et couverte de nombreux petits sillons transversaux ondulants et délimités par des poils et des écailles ; la marge antérieure est libre et finement dentée recouverte de poils courts et soyeux ; le front qui porte quelques soies est trilobé, le lobe médian triangulaire est plus prononcé que les latéraux ; la marge antéro latérale porte 5 dents robustes sensiblement de même longueur pointues et courbées vers l'avant. Les chélipèdes qui sont de même taille ont des carènes accusées et sont recouverts de formations squameuses ; la pince terminale est solide et armée de petites dents obtuses ; le carpe porte une forte épine triangulaire sur la marge interne supérieure ; le propode est couvert d'écailles et d'une petite série de protubérances disposées en files, la supérieure se terminant antérieurement par une épine robuste. Les péréiopodes des autres pattes sont moins robustes et ont des articles comprimés latéralement et le dactyle se termine par une pointe. Les pattes ambulatoires de la 3e paire sont plus longues que celles de la 2e ou de la 4e. Le dactyle de la dernière patte est lancéolé, sub ovale et possède une carène médiane prononcée se terminant par une épine ; il sert de rame pour nager ou de pelle pour s'enfouir. Tous les péréiopodes et toute la partie inférieure du corps sont recouverts de soies (Pesta 1918 ; Santucci 1930 ; Bouvier 1940 ; Zariquiey Álvarez 1968 ; Ingle 1980 ; Skewes 2005 ; Carpenter & De Angelis 2014). La carapace mesure le plus souvent 2 ou 3 cm, et jusqu'à environ 50 mm de long pour 60 mm de large (Pesta 1912 ; Santucci 1930 ; Zariquiey Álvarez 1968 ; Noël 1992 ; Carpenter & De Angelis 2014). Les femelles sont ovigères à partir de 23,6 mm de long (Zariquiey Álvarez 1968). Le corps est de couleur rose intense voire rouge sang (souvent en Méditerranée) ou brun rouge (souvent en Atlantique) avec des stries transversales beaucoup plus claires. La carapace peut présenter des taches jaunes ou rouges (souvent sur le maërl), le dessous du corps est rosé. Les doigts de la pince sont sombres avec une marque claire à leur racine et en leur milieu. Les dents sont brun marron. Les poils qui sont nombreux sont jaune paille (Santucci 1930 ; Bouvier 1940 ; Zariquiey Álvarez 1968 ; Ingle 1980 ; Noël 1992 ; Clark 1986 ; d'Udekem d'Acoz 1994 ; analyse des photos couleur sur la toile). Risques de confusion, espèces voisines, variations infra-spécifiques. Dans le genre Liocarcinus, il existe environ 11 espèces au niveau mondial (Ng & al. 2008 ; GBIF 2016 ; WoRMS 2016), presque toutes dans l'Atlantique Nord-Est (d'Udekem d'Acoz 1999). Certains auteurs ont regroupé dans le passé plusieurs espèces dans un complexe d'espèces L. corrugatus au sens large (Stephenson & Campbell 1960 ; Stephenson 1972) ; d'autres ont douté de cette identité (Monod 1956 ; Clark 1986 ; d'Udekem d'Acoz 1999). Suite à plusieurs études récentes (Son 2013 ; Plagge & al. 2014) il apparaît que Liocarcinus strigilis (Stimpson, 1858) est une espèce du Pacifique ouest proche de L. corrugatus mais distincte. Cette dernière espèce se rencontre au Japon (de Haan 1850 ; Stimpson 1859), aux Philippines (Son 2013), en Australie (Miers 1886) et en Nouvelle Zélande (Borradaile 1916). Liocarcinus subcorrugatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) en Mer Rouge et Canal de Suez (?) semble avoir un statut très incertain qui a été discuté à diverses reprises (Milne-Edwards 1861 ; Nobili 1906a ; Klunzinger 1913 ; Palmer 1927 ; Stephenson 1972 ; d'Udekem d'Acoz 1999 ; Son 2013). L. corrugatus peut faire l'objet de confusions avec l'étrille Necora puber (Linnaeus, 1767) dans l'Atlantique européen (cf. Clark 1986), ou éventuellement (?) avec Liocarcinus depurator (Linnaeus, 1758) et peut-être aussi avec Bathynectes longipes (Risso, 1816). Biologie. L'espèce est gonochorique. En Méditerranée, des femelles ovigères ont été rencontrées d'octobre à avril (Santucci 1930) ou en novembre à janvier, mars, mai et juin (Zariquiey Álvarez 1968) et en Atlantique d'avril à août à Plymouth (Ingle 1980) ou de juin à août à Roscoff (Prenant in Bourdon 1965). Les œufs ont un diamètre de 0,435 à 0,459 mm (Zariquiey Álvarez 1968). Les larves ont fait l'objet de diverses études (Lebour 1928 ; Thiriot 1970 ; dos Santos 1999 ; Kim & Hong 1999, 2004 ; González-Gordillo & al. 2001). Le développement larvaire complet comprend 5 ou 6 stades zoé et une mégalope (Kim & Hong 1999). L'espèce est capable de s'enfouir dans le sédiment sableux assez rapidement. Il y a peu de données sur l'alimentation de cette espèce. A l'instar des espèces voisines, elle pourrait être omnivore opportuniste et consommer des éléments de la petite faune vagile. Les larves sont consommées par les espèces planctonophages. Les juvéniles et les adultes sont la proie de différents prédateurs : 3 - des poissons de fond comme les chondrichtyens suivants : l'ange de mer commun Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) (EOL 2016b), l'émissole lisse Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gračan & al. 2014) ou la raie bouclée Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 (Šantić & al. 2012), - des téléostéens comme la mostelle de roche Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766) (Morato & al. 1999), la coquette Labrus mixtus Linnaeus, 1758 (Matić-Skoko & al. 2013), le mérou brun Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Linde & al. 2004), le grondin rouge Chelidonichthys cuculus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Moreno-Amich
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