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Student Movements: 1968, 1981 and 1997 the Impact Of
Student Movements: 1968, 1981 and 1997 The impact of students in mobilizing society to chant for the Republic of Kosovo Atdhe Hetemi Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of East European Languages and Cultures Supervisor Prof. dr. Rozita Dimova Department of East European Languages and Cultures Dean Prof. dr. Gita Deneckere Rector Prof. dr. Rik Van de Walle October 2019 i English Summary This dissertation examines the motives and central visions of three student demonstrations, each taking place within different historical and political contexts and each organized by a different generation of Kosovo Albanian students. The years 1968, 1981 and 1997 witnessed a proliferation of student mobilizations as collective responses demanding more national rights for Albanians in Kosovo. I argue that the students' main vision in all three movements was the political independence of Kosovo. Given the complexity of the students' goal, my analysis focuses on the influence and reactions of domestic and foreign powers vis-à-vis the University of Prishtina (hereafter UP), the students and their movements. Fueled by their desire for freedom from Serbian hegemony, the students played a central role in "preserving" and passing from one generation to the next the vision of "Republic" status for Kosovo. Kosova Republikë or the Republic of Kosovo (hereafter RK) status was a demand of all three student demonstrations, but the students' impact on state creation has generally been underestimated by politicians and public figures. Thus, the primary purpose of this study is to unearth the various and hitherto unknown or hidden roles of higher education – then the UP – and its students in shaping Kosovo's recent history. -
Druhá Světová Válka Na Kosovu
Druhá světová válka na Kosovu Jugoslávie se poté, co státním převratem v noci z 26. na 27. dubna 1941 odmítla možnost přistoupit k Paktu tří, velice brzy rozpadla jako domeček z karet. Dne 6. dubna 1941 zaútočilo na jihoslovanský stát bez vyhlášení války hitlerovské Německo. K němu se vzápětí přidala Itálie, na výsledku bleskové války se přiživily i Bulharsko a Maďarsko. Kapitulací jugoslávské armády 17. dubna 1941 mizí královská Jugoslávie z mapy Evropy. O rozdělení válečné kořisti jednali ministři zahraničí Itálie a Německa Galeazzo Ciani a Joachim von Ribbentrop na Vídeňské konferenci 22. dubna 1941. Oblasti bývalého tzv. Jižního Srbska, si podělili tak, že Metochie, Drenica, Prizrenská kotlina a západní Makedonie s centry v Debru a Struze se dostaly do italské okupační zóny. Kosovo nejprve obsadili Němci, ale po dvou měsících jeho centrální část přenechali taktéž Italům. Německo si jako výraznou surovinovou základu ponechalo oblast severního Kosova s Mitrovicí, Vučitrnem a Podujevem. V dubnu 1942 ještě z tohoto svého záboru vydělilo dolinu řeky Lim od Kosovské Mitrovice na západ (s poměrně kompaktním srbským osídlením), kterou přenechali do italského záboru. Další německý spojenec, Bulharsko, získalo kromě větší části Makedonie také východní část Kosova: díl gnjilanského okresu, Vitinu, oblast v okolí Kačaniku a také Preševo s okolím v jižním Srbsku, osídlené převážně albánským obyvatelstvem. Novým rozdělením jugoslávských oblastí obývaných albánským obyvatelstvem se tak otevřela cesta k fašistickému řešení kosovské otázky.Viz přiložená mapka. Německá část Kosova sice formálně zůstala v držení srbského protektorátu, který Němci vytvořili z centrálního Srbska, avšak moc vlády jeho Němci jmenovaného správce, armádního generála Milana Nediće,1 jehož jižní jugoslávská armáda zakončila své neslavné působení během dubnové německé ofenzívy právě na Kosovu, na toto území od počátku příliš nezasahovala. -
Sanela Schmid Deutsche Und Italienische Besatzung Im Unabhängigen Staat Kroatien Bibliotheks- Und Informationspraxis
Sanela Schmid Deutsche und italienische Besatzung im Unabhängigen Staat Kroatien Bibliotheks- und Informationspraxis Herausgegeben von Klaus Gantert und Ulrike Junger Band 66 Sanela Schmid Deutsche und italienische Besatzung im Unabhängigen Staat Kroatien 1941 bis 1943/45 Publiziert mit Unterstützung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. ISBN 978-3-11-062031-3 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-062383-3 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-062036-8 Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Library of Congress Control Number: 2019952843 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110623833 © 2020 Sanela Schmid, publiziert von Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Dieses Buch ist als Open-Access-Publikation verfügbar über www.degruyter.com, https:// www.doabooks.org und https://www.oapen.org Einbandabbildung: © Znaci.net. Deutsche Einheiten, die im Juni 1943 von den Italienern das Kommando über die Stadt Mostar erhalten. Typesetting: bsix information exchange GmbH, Braunschweig Druck und Bindung: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Für meine Großeltern, Mina und Jusuf Bešlagić Vorwort Dieses Buch ist die überarbeitete Fassung meiner Dissertation, die im November 2011 von der Universität Bern angenommen wurde. Es konnte nur entstehen, weil mich sehr viele Personen dabei unterstützt haben. Ihnen allen gilt mein aufrichtiger Dank. Zu allererst ist meine Doktormutter, Marina Cattaruzza, zu nennen, die an mich und das Thema geglaubt und das ganze Projekt mit Klug- heit, Scharfsinn und Witz über die Jahre begleitet hat. -
Interview with Sazan Shita
INTERVIEW WITH SAZAN SHITA Pristina | Date: January 10 and February 23, 2015 Duration: 152 minutes 1. Sazan Shita (Speaker) 2. Kaltrina Krasniqi (Interviewer) 3. Erëmirë Krasniqi (Interviewer) 4. Besarta Breznica (Camera) 5. Donjetë Berisha (Camera) Symbols in transcription, nonverbal communication: () - emotional communication { } - the interlocutor explains some gestures. Other rules of transcription: [] - addition to the text to help understand Footnotes are add-ons that provide information about places, names or expressions. Part One Kaltrina Krasniqi: Mrs. Sazan, can you tell us what kind of childhood you had, what kind of a child were you? Sazan Shita: I had a very good childhood, I was a quiet kid, I wasn’t… I attended school in ex-Yugoslavia in Serbian. We only spoke Albanian in our house… Kaltrina Krasniqi: Where did you live? Sazan Shita: In Mitrovica. We’re originally from Gjakova, but I was born in Mitrovica. It was hard, but I learned the language. In the third grade, elementary school, we had a teach… Not a teacher, she was an imam, Imam Mejrem, she taught us religion. She spoke only in Turkish, now Turkish, Serbian, it was hard. But when she started to make us memorize poems in Arabic, I couldn’t memorize them, I don’t know why. Maybe because I didn’t understand them. There was this case… She asked me to recite a poem and I didn’t know, she said, “Come here,” I did, she said, “Curl your fingers”. I did {curls her fingers}, she always came with a stick, and with a hijab, she would only show her face. -
DEVA, XHAVER 0068.Pdf
V _. • • • • Oreamonsi um SOURCE .COVER SHEET FROM: VAIL "' REPORT NO. • .110.80 REPORT MADE BY: . NO. PAGES: REPORT APPROVED BY: • C NO. ENCLOSURES: • DATE OF. RiPOR+: MU& 1955 REFERENCES: • DISTRIBUTION: . By coiry to: . .` . • c _Jr) • .CBNIM4•14.1■8 t -; • • • - • • ' • -t souRcE cRv.ffrpririal .Y.ES SOURCE. OPERATIONAL DATA AND COMMENTS: .• 14411G4 / • . .. .... ,... •, . • • 4.- . :C... aelOivh 1955 . s q 111611.0 lag .... d .' :". - . : . •1.. ,Thire-/•;;PriNnileCt herfactiPt s,.reubk•li' ali'lhatei.: illR4A,..444Ar .• -.44,01,:lAtorio: vioi).4-147tie r._ J v.../etRE) of a .....,, :-. hk•tvfai4,141.1■PAhOsti.:4 :., • ..•••• ...,•••:.,;::....- A;-.1n,?ttriovtiflv-t.Y,,i:6.s....: • .ci. • ., "npek fyilkY, Skiidiiiiii,: ,-;.•;.." .:- • . :;.. ..• • •. •..3:.- :::,..erG4,14..9ndOr.44.:. . tbdt: Pirk-Mg i . st-las. ;galmigotmadirims :43vthicsorkitasiii:this:doloii.nOt . wpm me.siiit, . arfA.IBtapliprant swin•ecedhi Paliteicar c.aggiedt.dado IN . • .4un2.t 6911AliCins•Iiiii:.. *'. 43 . .. , ' .1isrlitaga., . .... 1311137A; . ' . - • ,f' - • . •, uma .iiiiimsai . 4. ;Ili/tough:Us report! Is solored,b7. the tarsi that Siam. • • idiish— differ. trift thus.,of my.,4; it oita...i.uutitikt. a _I s-- gilsion rano:414 of tills: TRis-ziOorl us In fist drmn pp:itd lolliall . Isalinnirser a 4464 period 10.1in 5., ,..-1 . EiPlain ".. that 11,-.41/411 Ci°11.6id: igicecigrillh. °Z. P4P'111 of • • . • .. The photos •at CIEVk So will u that it addll Ur, obtisinstfpon ' do. had •Onobangsd his own photographid. DM pod IXISLAn asospdsnes • •014. Manion swam. . - •. , • 6: OOPy at snalgsurs Is rirdained in ismal Whs. 1 • - • . :II • - ENCLOSURES Foil . • .NO Declassified and Approved for iielease a 51-59 PROMOS MIITIOMS MAY IM MO. ravk • by the Central Inte4ligericrAgelly, Date: , 6,z7-43 ..,--e•-.. -
Inventing the Lesser Evil in Italy and Brazil
Fascist Fiction: Inventing the Lesser Evil in Italy and Brazil by Giulia Riccò Department of Romance Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Lamonte Aidoo, Supervisor ___________________________ Roberto Dainotto ___________________________ Nicola Gavioli ___________________________ Saskia Ziolkowski Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 i v ABSTRACT Fascist Fiction: Inventing the Lesser Evil in Italy and Brazil by Giulia Riccò Department of Romance Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Lamonte Aidoo, Supervisor ___________________________ Roberto Dainotto ___________________________ Nicola Gavioli ___________________________ Saskia Ziolkowski An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 Copyright by Giulia Riccò 2019 Abstract My dissertation, Fascist Fiction: Inventing the Lesser Evil in Italy and Brazil, accounts for the resilience of fascism by tracing the rhetoric of the “lesser evil”—a discursive practice constitutive of fascism—through contemporary politics and literature in Italy and Brazil. By invoking the looming presence of a graver, more insidious threat the rhetoric of the lesser evil legitimizes fascist violence against dissidents and vulnerable populations. Through an analysis of texts by fascist philosopher Giovanni Gentile and his Brazilian counterpart Miguel Reale, I reveal that the rhetoric of the lesser evil is a constitutive part of fascist discourse and that in Italy and Brazil this aspect of fascist doctrine met a favorable combination of subjective and objective conditions which has allowed it to thrive within democratic structures. -
Bibliography on Croatian Exiles (20Th Century): with Annotations and Comments Robionek, Bernd
www.ssoar.info Bibliography on Croatian Exiles (20th Century): With Annotations and Comments Robionek, Bernd Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Bibliographie / bibliography Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Robionek, B. (2012). Bibliography on Croatian Exiles (20th Century): With Annotations and Comments. Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, Osteuropa-Institut. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-65569-3 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.de Bibliography on Croatian Exiles (20th Century) With Annotations and Comments Bernd Robionek a project of Osteuropa-Institut der Freien Universität Berlin © Bernd Robionek 2012 -Bibliography on Croatian Exiles- Content: Introduction 1. Bibliographies 2. Source Editions 3. Reminiscences 4. General Works 5. Internet Resources 6. The First Exile (1927 – 1941) 6.1. Works from within the Political Emigration (1927 – 1941) 6.1.1. Books and Booklets 6.1.2. Periodicals and Articles 6.2. Works concerning the Political Emigration (1927 – 1941) 6.2.1. Books 6.2.2. Articles 7. The Second Exile (1945 – 1991) 7.1. Works from within the Political Emigration (1945 – 1991) 7.1.1. Books, Booklets and Articles (*) A-E F-K L-O P- Š T- Ž 7.1.2. Periodicals (**) A-G H I-N O-Z 7.2. Works concerning the Political Emigration (1945 –1991) 7.2.1. -
Research Article Monika Stafa the Albanian Traditional Historiography, to the Extent It Dealt with the Question of Rescuing
June 2017 e-ISSN: 1857-8187 p-ISSN: 1857-8179 Research Article History Attitude of Collaborative Governments in Keywords: Albanian government, Jews, King Zog, Xhafer Deva, Nazi authorities, Defense of the Jews during the War Albanian people, the Wansee Conference, etc. Monika Stafa Audiovisual Media Authority, “Abdi Toptani”, Street, Tirana, 1001. Abstract The Albanian traditional historiography, to the extent it dealt with the question of rescuing the Jews in Albania, sustained an almost folk explication that everything happened owing to the Albanian traditional hospitality, faith and generosity. This view is also embedded in the studies of the foreigners. The Albanian virtue as a popular quality in front of a racial philosophical doctrine elaborated in an almost mathematical way, namely the Hitlerian doctrine of the “final solution”, does not suffice. During 1938 and 1939 the Italian diplomatic and consular service in Tirana, found it sufficient to just convey notifications to their center regarding the movement of the Jews in Albania without proposing any measures. Anagrama model 23, was a questionnaire of racist character applied in Italy for years. Despite being called “the filing-card of the foreigner”, actually it served to set the Jews separately, because all its columns were intended to conceal the fundamental question: “What is your race?” which contained two optional responses: “ariana” or “ebraica”. But in occupied Albania, certain laws tried to be adapted by the legislation of fascist Italy. Therefore, in conclusion we would say that it was fascist Italy which decided not to impose an anti- Semitic legislation on Albania, either the same with or similar to the one in force in Rome. -
LARSON-DISSERTATION-2020.Pdf
THE NEW “OLD COUNTRY” THE KINGDOM OF YUGOSLAVIA AND THE CREATION OF A YUGOSLAV DIASPORA 1914-1951 BY ETHAN LARSON DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Maria Todorova, Chair Professor Peter Fritzsche Professor Diane Koenker Professor Ulf Brunnbauer, University of Regensburg ABSTRACT This dissertation reviews the Kingdom of Yugoslavia’s attempt to instill “Yugoslav” national consciousness in its overseas population of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, as well as resistance to that same project, collectively referred to as a “Yugoslav diaspora.” Diaspora is treated as constructed phenomenon based on a transnational network between individuals and organizations, both emigrant and otherwise. In examining Yugoslav overseas nation-building, this dissertation is interested in the mechanics of diasporic networks—what catalyzes their formation, what are the roles of international organizations, and how are they influenced by the political context in the host country. The life of Louis Adamic, who was a central figure within this emerging network, provides a framework for this monograph, which begins with his arrival in the United States in 1914 and ends with his death in 1951. Each chapter spans roughly five to ten years. Chapter One (1914-1924) deals with the initial encounter between Yugoslav diplomats and emigrants. Chapter Two (1924-1929) covers the beginnings of Yugoslav overseas nation-building. Chapter Three (1929-1934) covers Yugoslavia’s shift into a royal dictatorship and the corresponding effect on its emigration policy. -
The Survivor's Hunt for Nazi Fugitives in Brazil: The
THE SURVIVOR’S HUNT FOR NAZI FUGITIVES IN BRAZIL: THE CASES OF FRANZ STANGL AND GUSTAV WAGNER IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE by Kyle Leland McLain A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Charlotte 2016 Approved by: ______________________________ Dr. Heather Perry ______________________________ Dr. Jürgen Buchenau ______________________________ Dr. John Cox ii ©2016 Kyle Leland McLain ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii ABSTRACT KYLE LELAND MCLAIN. The survivor’s hunt for Nazi fugitives in Brazil: the cases of Franz Stangl and Gustav Wagner in the context of international justice (Under the direction of DR. HEATHER PERRY) On April 23, 1978, Brazilian authorities arrested Gustav Wagner, a former Nazi internationally wanted for his crimes committed during the Holocaust. Despite a confirming witness and petitions from West Germany, Israel, Poland and Austria, the Brazilian Supreme Court blocked Wagner’s extradition and released him in 1979. Earlier in 1967, Brazil extradited Wagner’s former commanding officer, Franz Stangl, who stood trial in West Germany, was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. These two particular cases present a paradox in the international hunt to bring Nazi war criminals to justice. They both had almost identical experiences during the war and their escape, yet opposite outcomes once arrested. Trials against war criminals, particularly in West Germany, yielded some successes, but many resulted in acquittals or light sentences. Some Jewish survivors sought extrajudicial means to see that Holocaust perpetrators received their due justice. Some resorted to violence, such as vigilante justice carried out by “Jewish vengeance squads.” In other cases, private survivor and Jewish organizations collaborated to acquire information, lobby diplomatic representatives and draw public attention to the fact that many Nazi war criminals were still at large. -
ALBANIA Apr. 6, 1954 ESPIONAGE TRIAL COMMENCES in TIRANA
OFFICIAL USE ONLY LL 1 - ALBANIA Apr. 6, 1954 ESPIONAGE TRIAL COMMENCES IN TIRANA Tirana Albanian Rome Service,.A.5, 1954, 1900 GMT--M (Report of Tirana espionage trial) (Text) The trial against a banaAof-diversionists and spies in theservice of the American imperialists, who were sent to Albania to organize anarmed up- rising, was opened on Apr. 5 at the Brigades Cinema in Tirana at 0900 hours, The accused are the f011owing:. Zenel Ali Shehu of Bulqize in Diber District, a former Captain of the personal guard of former King Zog and later a secret agent of the American espionage service.- Halil Jusul Branica of Bugajet in Diber District, a former captain of the personal guard of former King Zog and later an agent of the American espionage. Ahmet Agush Kabashi of Gjilan Village in Kosovo, a collaborator of the Italians and Germans and later an agent of the Italian and American espionage services. Bamit Hasan Matjani, of Garmujas Village in Feqin District, a hatred criminal, collaborator of the Italians and Germans, mercenary of the Balli Kombetar organization, and agent of the Greek and American espionage ser- vices. Naum Vasil Sula of Bujaras Village, in Elbasan District, collaborator Of the (occupation authorities) and of the criminal band of Hamit.Matjani. Gani Mehmet Malushi of Tao Village in Erseke DiStrict. Rapush gerim Agolli of Mocan Village in Maliq District. Ibrahim Suleiman Lamce of . Shtepanje in Goshtime. DECLASSIFI ED AND R ELEASED BY CENTRAL INT ELLIGENCE AGENCY SOURtESm ETHOOSEXENPT ION 3021 NAZI WAR CR NES DIG CLOSURE ACT DATE 2007 OFFICIAL USE ONLY - LL 2 - ALBANIA Apr. -
The Italian Consulate in Jerusalem
The Italian unification is a long historical The Italian process that timidly started in 1815 after Consulate in the Congress of Vienna and culminated with the creation of the Kingdom of Italy Jerusalem: in 1861 and the capture of Rome in 1870.1 The Risorgimento followed a long and The History of a controversial path that brought together Forgotten Diplomatic people who shared history and culture, but also had been divided for centuries Mission, 1846–1940 and often involved in bitter disputes and Roberto Mazza, bloody wars. Diplomacy was at the heart of the creation of the Italian state that could Maria Chiara Rioli, and not have emerged on its own or throughout Stéphane Ancel war, however, Italian diplomatic missions outside Europe were fairly amateurish and often inconsequential. This article, divided in three sections, will discuss the establishment of an Italian consulate in Jerusalem, its activities and role from its opening to the end of the 1930s, prior to its temporary closure due to the outbreak of the Second World War. If the first part is substantially descriptive, the second part looks into the massive amount of archival material belonging to the Italian consulate in Jerusalem that was recently discovered and catalogued after having been misplaced for decades in the archives of the Italian Foreign Ministry. The last part briefly delves into a practical example of how this new material may be employed, looking at the Ethiopian community in Jerusalem. The overall aim of this relatively short piece is to bring back to life the history of the Italian consular mission in Jerusalem and, more importantly, to provide historians and researchers with a first overview on new perspectives from where investigating the recent past of the city and of Palestine.