Settlement and Social Change in the Barony of Tulla, C. 1650-1845
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Provided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Settlement and Social Change in the Barony of Tulla, c. 1650- 1845 Author(s) Shoosmith, Teresa Publication Date 2015-03-03 Item record http://hdl.handle.net/10379/4979 Downloaded 2017-01-11T10:27:53Z Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. Ollscoil Náisiúnta Na h-Éireann ‘Settlement and Social Change in the Barony of Tulla, c. 1650-1845’ By Teresa Shoosmith, B.A. Hons., M.A. Hons. A thesis presented in the National University of Ireland for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervised by Dr. Pádraig Lenihan College of Arts, Social Sciences and Celtic Studies National University of Ireland, Galway March 2015 Dedication A thesis is never the work of one person. I could not have managed it without the constant encouragement, patience and faith of my husband, Alan, who also contributed drawings, advice and eagle-eyed editing. I could not have completed this work without the aid of an SPAHSS Fellowship from NUI Galway, so I am grateful for funding and understanding during my health problems. Supervising a PhD project is not an easy task. My special thanks go to the two ‘fathers’ of this thesis: Dr. Gerard Moran, who oversaw its inception, and Dr. Pádraig Lenihan, who has been an inspiring guide and mentor. Nobody could write history without librarians, so I would like to thank the staff of the James Hardiman Library, N. U. I. Galway. We in county Clare are blessed with what must be the finest local studies centre in the country, so my thanks go to Peter and Brian for their unstinting help. To Ms. Alison McCann and the staff of the West Sussex County Record Office, Chichester, my thanks for their help accessing the Petworth House Archives. Last, but not least, my heartfelt thanks go to Veronica Stone for her help with technology. [2] Table of Contents Dedication………………………………………………………….2 Abbreviations………………………………………………………5 Introduction………………………………………………………..6 Chapter 1………………………………………………………….11 Chapter 2: 1670-1750……………………………………………..48 Chapter 3: Improving Tulla, 1760-1845, Part 1…………………129 Chapter 4: Improving Tulla, 1760-1845, Part 2…………………164 Chapter 5: Population, Farming and Unrest, 1760-1845..………202 Conclusion……………………………………………………….248 Appendices………………………………………………………250 Bibliography……………………………………………………..265 Table of Figures Figure 1: The baronies of county Clare ................................................................................... 6 Figure 2: Topography of Co. Clare, courtesy of Dr. Patrick Nugent ..................................... 12 Figure 3: Assessment of land quality in the Barony of Tulla, 1660, Book of Survey and Distribution ................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 4: Townlands with names denoting woodlands .......................................................... 15 Figure 5: Density of early settlement, Barony of Tulla ........................................................ 20 Figure 6: Henry Pelham’s Hiberniae Delineatio County map, 1660. .................................... 23 Figure 7: Tulla settlements in 1659........................................................................................ 25 Figure 8: Thomond-sponsored settlements, 1641 .................................................................. 27 Figure 9: Adult population per parish, 1659 .......................................................................... 30 Figure 10: Origin of Transplantees in Tulla ........................................................................... 37 Figure 11: Church-owned lands, Book of Survey and Distribution ....................................... 43 Figure 12: Tulla landowners listed in the Carte Manuscript .................................................. 44 Figure 13: Landowners in 1670, north barony (Font size proportionate to size of estate) .... 48 Figure 14: Landowners in 1670, south barony....................................................................... 48 Figure 15: Clare and Tulla population growth (thousands) ................................................... 52 Figure 16: Population of Ireland 1672-1712 .......................................................................... 53 Figure 17: Comparative populations 1659-1703.................................................................... 58 Figure 18: Report on the State of Popery in Ireland, 1731 .................................................... 62 Figure 19: Irish Population, 1712-1753 ................................................................................. 67 Figure 20: Ironworking in east Clare, 17th century. .............................................................. 74 [3] Figure 21: Percentage of woodland cover in the barony of Tulla, 1650 ................................ 76 Figure 22: Tulla landowners listed in the Acts of Settlement and Explanation ..................... 87 Figure 23: Tulla military personnel in King James' Army ..................................................... 91 Figure 24: Tulla landowners listed as Irish Jacobites ............................................................ 95 Figure 25: Tulla lands confiscated in 1703 .......................................................................... 103 Figure 26: Breakdown of Chichester House Claims from the barony of Tulla ................... 106 Figure 27: Conversions to protestantism ............................................................................. 112 Figure 28: Tulla priesthood, 1704 ........................................................................................ 114 Figure 29: Thomond Tenants in Tulla barony, 1681-1711 .................................................. 119 Figure 30: Term of Thomond leases, 1681-1711 ................................................................. 121 Figure 31: Sir Lucius O’Brien’s freehold voters, 1768........................................................ 132 Figure 32: Sir Lucius O’Brien’s freehold voters, 1783........................................................ 132 Figure 33: Big Houses 1750-1842 ....................................................................................... 140 Figure 34: Ballyclough Castle (Dineley) ............................................................................. 141 Figure 35: Fortanemore House (Weir) ................................................................................. 141 Figure 36: Estates with avenues in Henry Pelham's Grand Jury Map, 1787, parish of Tulla. ..................................................................................................................................... 143 Figure 37: Milltown house detail (Pelham 1787) ................................................................ 144 Figure 38: Kiltannon House ................................................................................................. 145 Figure 39: Caher House ....................................................................................................... 145 Figure 40: Kilkishen House ................................................................................................. 149 Figure 41: Approximate period of erection of Tulla gentry houses (Weir) ......................... 150 Figure 42: Carton House, co. Kildare .................................................................................. 151 Figure 43: Tinarana House ................................................................................................... 152 Figure 44: Kiltannon House ................................................................................................. 153 Figure 45: Ballyvally House ................................................................................................ 154 Figure 46: Caher house and demesne .................................................................................. 156 Figure 47: Census of Elphin, 1747: skilled craftsmen ......................................................... 158 Figure 48: Census of Elphin, 1749: Servants ....................................................................... 159 Figure 49: Villages in Tulla depicted on maps between 1750-1790 (www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas) ......................................................................................... 165 Figure 50: Nos. of urban institutions in Tulla parishes, c. 1837 .......................................... 172 Figure 51: County Clare, frontispiece of Maps of the Roads of Ireland ............................. 176 Figure 52: Roads c. 1790 ..................................................................................................... 178 Figure 53: Grand Jury Presentment roads in Tulla, 1800-1807 ........................................... 181 Figure 54: Location of grants of spinning wheels in Tulla barony, 1790-1840 ................... 189 Figure 55: Unlicensed stills in Tulla parishes, 1807 ............................................................ 197 Figure 56: Population growth, Clare and Tulla, 1766-1841 ................................................ 206 Figure 57: Annual percentage of Irish population growth, 1791-1821 ................................ 207 Figure 58: Population density per square kilometre in Tulla, 1841, .................................... 208 Figure 59: Population growth by parish, 1659-1841 ........................................................... 213 Figure 60: Clachan distribution